aie oF tube will distribute the blow evenly on the inner race of the bearing. Make sure the bearing is aligned properly with the shan. ‘he soft lead will reduce the shock of the blow, and the weight of the lead will move the bearing n the shaft. However, a hard blow from a stee] hammer can damage a bearing, :The outer race should never be used to drive the bearing onto the shaft, ‘ubrication is used to reduce the friction between the components of a ball bearing, Sleeve bearing must have a film of oil between the shaft and the bearing, orelse ihe bearing ill wear very rapidly. a ball-bearing electric motors that are built to allow for greasing, the end balls Rave two” ee done fesse is forced into one passage, pushing the old prease out the other passage, tis is done, if possible, while the motor is running. The bearing. cavity should be one-third to too much grease is left in the bearing cavity, the bearing will chum the grease and cause it to verheat. Overheating the grease will cause it to separate and break down, When overgreased, oss Brease Sometimes is forced into the inside of the motor and will create many problems 1. Ifa three-phase motor fails to start, the trouble may be a, Burned-out fuse (1). 7 b. Worn bearings (2). . Overload (3), | d Open phase (4), @. Shorted coil or group (5). £. Open rotor bars (6). g. Wrong internal connections (8). h, Frozen bearing (9). |} i. Defective controller (10). : J. Grounded winding (11). j 2. Ifa three-phase motor does not run properly, the trouble may be a. Bumed-out fuse (1). b. Worn bearings (2). ¢. Shorted coil (5), } d, Reversed phase (12). i e. Open phase (4). { £ Open parallel connection (13). |g. Grounded winding (11). i h. Open rotor bars (6). 25Unit 8 i. Incorrect voltage (7). 3. Ifthe motor runs slowly, the trouble may be a. Shorted coil or group (5). b. Reversed coils or groups (8). c, Worn bearings (2). 4. Overload (3). ce. Wrong connection (reversed phase) (12). £. Loose rotor bars (6). 4, If the motor becomes excessively hot, the trouble may be a. Overload (3). 'b, Worn bearings (2) or tight bearing (9). c. Shorted coil or group (5). 4. Motor running on single phase (4). e. Loose rotor bars (6). 1. Burned-out Fuse. 2 Remove fuses and test them, To test fuses without removing them from the holder, 2 aa ver must be used. Ifa test light designed for 230 volts is mistakenly used on 460 volts; twill blowout and may trigger a severe electrical explosion. If the fuse is open, there will be ( line voltage read across it. If the fose bums out while a three-phase motor is in operation, the motor will continue to operate as a single-phase motor. This means that only part of the winding is carrying the corre load, Ifthe motor continues to operate in this manner, even for a short time, the svinding will become very hot and bum out. Further, the motor will be noisy in ‘operation and ‘may not pull the load. To find the trouble, stop the motor and try to start it again. A three- phase motor will not start with a bumed-out fuse. To remedy this condition, locate and replace the defective fuse. If the motor is a parallel-connected wye, current will be induced in the open phase and cause the winding to bum out quickly. This should be prevented if possible. 2. Worn Bearings. Téa bearing is worn, the rotor Will ride on the stator and cause noisy operation. When the bearings are so worn that the rotor rests firmly on the core of the stator, rotation is impossible. To check a small motor for this condition, try moving the shaft up and down, ‘Motion in this manner indicates a wor bearing. Remove and inspect the rotor for smooth, wom spots. These indicate thatthe rotor has been rubbing on the stator. The only remedy is to replace the bearings. (on a large open motor, the check for worn bearings is made with a feeler gauge. The ait space between the rotor and the stator must be the same at all points, If is not, the bearing 26Unit 8 3. Overload. ‘To determine whether a three-phase motor is overloaded, remove the belt or load from the motor and tum the shaft of the load by hand. Usually a broken part or dirty mechanism will Prevent the shaft from moving freely, aman method te ty um i axomuvtm on dan line wien, A higher caver readiog then oe the hameplate may indicate an overload. {Many shops and motor repairpersons use a snap-around volt ammeter and ohmmeter to test the current in the main line leads feeding the motor. The eurrent in each lead aheala te the same and approximately the same as the nameplate reading. An excessive reading in one hase indicates a shorted phase. don instrument can be used on all motors ftom split-phase through three-phase end ean be used to test voltage, resistance, and current, It can be used to test unmarked leads oy split. phase motors by using the ohmmeter and also to test voltage across components in motors 5. Shorted Coil or Group. Shorted coils will cause noisy operation and also smoke. After locating such defective coils by means of the eye or balance test, the motor should then be reweung When the insulation on the wire fails, the individual tums become shorted and cause the coil to become extremely hot and burn out. Other coils may then bur out, with the one an | ‘entire group or phase will become defective. 6. Open Rotor Bars. Open rotor bars will cause a motor to lose power. One sign of open bars is when a motor is 1. Incorrect Voltage. i a7Units Some T-frame motors are designed for a definite voltage. Thus a motor designed for 208 volts will overheat when operated on 250 volts, and a motor designed for 250 volts will not have enough power if operated on 208 volts. If the motor is rated 208-220-440 volts on the nameplate, it will operate well on a range of voltages. Voltage problems become more serious when the motors are loaded to their rated horsepower. If there are problems with a motor designed for the wrong voltage, it should be replaced with one of the right voltage, 8. Wrong Internal Connections. ‘A good method of determining whether or not a polyphase motor is connected properly is to remove the rotor and place a large ball bearing in the stator. The switch is then closed to supply current to the winding. If the internal connections are correct, the ball bearing will rotate around the core of the stator. If the connections are incorrect, the ball bearing will remain stationary. For medium- and large-sized motors, reduced voltage should be used; otherwise, a fuse may blow. 9. Frozen Bearing. Ifoil is not suppliedtto the part of the shaft that rotates in the bearing, the shaft will become so hot that it will expand sufficiently to prevent movement in the bearing. This is called a frozen bearing, In the process of expansion, the bearing may weld itself to the shaft and make rotation impossible. To repair, try to remove the end plates. The end plate that cannot be removed easily contains the bad bearings. Remove the end plate and armature as a unit; hold the armature in a stationary position, and turn the end plate back and forth. If it is impossible to move the end plite, loosen the setscrew that holds the bearing in the housing, and try to remove the armature and bearing as a unit. Be careful to keep the oil ring free from the bearing while this is being done. The bearing can then be removed by tapping it with a hammer. The shaft will probably have to be turned down on a lathe to a new size and a new bearing made. [f ball bearings are used, replace with new ones. 10. Defective Controller. If the contacts on the controller do not make good contact, the motor will fail to start. 11. Grounded Winding. This will produce a shock when the motor is touched. If the winding is grounded in more than one place, a short circuit will occur which will bun out the winding and perhaps blow a fuse. Test for a grounded winding with test lamp and repair by rewinding or by replacing the = defective if coil. It ' ’ 12. Reversed Phase. This will cause a motor to run more slowly than the rated speed and produce an electrical ‘hum indiative of wrong connections. Check the connections and reconnect them according (o plan. , 28 e @