FINAL PROJECT

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN EDUCANTION

SITA LARASATI – F022221006

Based on the underlying approach, there are two types of research, namely
quantitative and qualitative research. The two approaches have different assumptions,
objectives, characteristics and procedures. However, the problem lies not in the strengths or
weaknesses of each approach, but the extent to which researchers are able to be responsive by
developing the right design for their research. The following discussion does not intend to
question the correctness or deficiency of the two research approaches but rather to describe
studies that use a quantitative approach. Research using a quantitative approach has long
dominated not only research in the natural sciences but also in the social sciences. In a
narrower scope, quantitative research interpreted as research that uses a lot of numbers, start
from the process of data collection, data analysis and data display (Siyoto & Sodik, 2015).
Research with a quantitative approach emphasizing analysis on numerical data (numbers)
later analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Quantitative research is systematic
scientific research of the parts and phenomena and their relationships. The purpose of
quantitative research is to develop and using mathematical models, theories and/or
hypotheses relating to natural phenomena.
From the book entitled “Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif” in conducting
research there are several aspects that must be met, the first aspect is the research variable;
Variable is the subject of research or what is a point of concern study. As for this study,
researchers used independent variables and dependent variable. The second aspect is
Population and Sample; population is all members of a group of humans, animals, events, or
objects that live together in one place and are planned to become target conclusions from the
final results of a study. The sample is part or representative of the population being studied.
Besides that, sample is part of the number and characteristics possessed by the population.
The research instrument is the third aspect of quantitative research, meaning the tools or
facilities used by researchers in collecting data to make their work easier and the results
better, in the sense of being more thorough, complete, and systematic so it's easier processed.
One of the theoretical principles of quantitative research is constructing knowledge
in explicit where the information presented is deliberately taken for granted without further
interpretation or analysis, the second is exact it means that the object of study of quantitative
research methodology is exact science, and the last is formal procedures in defining concepts
and measuring concepts and variables (Poerwandari, 1998).
 Quantitative research focuses on design issues, measurement and planning detailed
clearly before sample collection and data analysis (Sutinah, 2007). For example, quantitative
research entitled “Improving the Grammatical Accuracy of the Spoken English of Indonesian
International Kindergarten Students” that was conducted by Imelda Gozali and Ignatius
Harjanto: TEFLIN Journal, Vol 25 No 2 (2014).
http://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/article/view/190/167
Based on Poerwandari, there are several principles characterize the research method
of the article. First, constructing knowledge in explicit stated in page 172nd, at the 5th
paragraph from line 1st – 4th of their research method. The second was stated on their research
method in page 172nd, at the 7th paragraph at the line 1st – 6th as the exact principle. And the
last is formal procedure stated in page 177th, at the 1st paragraph in line 1st – 6th of their
discussion in defining concepts and measuring concepts and variables.
The second example of quantitative research that I will discuss is “The Effectiveness
of Split Dictation as A Teaching Strategy to Improve Students’ Listening Skill” that
conducted by Tri Widi Kurniawan and C. Murni Wahyanti: ELT Forum, VOL 8 No. 1
(2019). https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/elt/article/view/27350/13803
Based on the main principles contained in the article are constructing knowledge in
explicit stated in page 102nd, at the 1st paragraph at the line 4th of their introduction as the first
principles. The second is exact principle stated in page 103rd, at the 3rd paragraph line 1st – 5th
on their research method. The third principle is formal procedure stated in page 103rd, at the
5th paragraph on their research method.
Although using the same research method there are differences and similarities
between the two articles in the use of the main principles. For the first principle in the first
article discusses the observations made with occasional supplements of video/audio recording
in order to obtain some permanent records. Meanwhile, the second article discusses how to
understand language is through sound, that is why the listening should come first. But these
two articles have similarities where the information presented is deliberately taken for
granted without further interpretation or analysis.

Regarding the second principle, the exact first article discusses the Reflection Phase
where the reference used comes from the data reduction process (Miles and Huberman,
1984). And the second article discusses the type of data used in this research was quantitative
data. As stated by Mertler ( 2015, p.215). From these differences, these two articles both have
the object of study of quantitative research methodology is exact science.
 And in the last principle, the first article discusses the data related to grammatical
improvement analysis supported by the supplementary data, the following discussion points
were reached. Meanwhile, the second article discusses about the researcher analyzed the data
by using some method. Both of them discussed concepts and measuring concepts and
variables.

Apart from the differences and similarities between the main principles, there are
also differences and similarities between the two articles in terms of the basic aspects of the
research methodology. For the first I will discuss the different aspects of the variables from
the two articles. Both have dependent variables on how to improve students' abilities and
independent variables on research locations. The second aspect is about population and
sample, The two articles have different populations and samples, for the first article the
participants of this study were eleven students aged 5-6 years old at K2 level of one intact
class called Lavender Class of Pre-school X while the second article The subject of this study
was the tenth-grade students of SMA N 1 Sukorejo in the academic 2017/2018 year. Class X
MIA 1 was chosen as the experimental group taught by using split dictation technique, while
X MIA 2 was chosen as the control group taught by using the conventional method. Each
group consists of 36 students. And the last aspect is the research instrument, in the first article
using the Observation Phase, the students' English speeches were observed and noted with
occasional supplements of video/audio recording in order to obtain some permanent records.
Hence, the primary data were collected through observation and recording, with the aid of
field notes and video/audio equipment respectively, while the second article instrument used
in this study was a test.

The lesson that I learned from this final project is additional knowledge about
quantitative methods that never crossed my mind. This final project can make me rethink
whether to use quantitative methods or stick to the initial method that I was interested in,
namely qualitative, because in the process of doing this project I got a lot of additional
knowledge about quantitative research methods.

References:

Gozali, Imelda, Harjanto, Ignatius. (2014). Improving The Grammatical Accuracy of The
Spoken English of Indonesian International Kindergarten Students. Vol 25 No. 2:
TEFLIN Journal http://journal.teflin.org/index.php/journal/article/view/190/167
Hardani, dkk. (2020). Buku Metode Penelitian Kualitatif & Kuantitatif. CV Pustaka Ilmu
Group.https://perpustakaan.gunungsitolikota.go.id/uploaded_files/temporary/
DigitalCollection/
YjU0ZDA0M2M0ZjE5ZWM0ZTk3NWI0MGJhYmI2YWYyNmM1YTFlNWE5Yg
==.pdf
Kurniawan, Tri Widi, Wahyanti, C. Murni. (2019). The Effectiveness of Split Dictation as A
Teaching Strategy to Improve Students’ Listening Skill. Vol 8 No. 1: ELT FORUM
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/elt/article/view/27350/13803