3.

3 Doppler effect of light can be described as the apparent change in the frequency of the light
observed by the observer due to relative motion between the source of light and the observer.Light
requires no medium, and the Doppler shift for light travelling in a vacuum depends only on the relative
speed of the observer and source.

Red Shift & Blue Shift

 A light source moving away from the listener (v is positive) would provide an fL that is less than
fS. In the visible light spectrum, this causes a shift toward the red end of the light spectrum, so it
is called a redshift.
 When the light source is moving toward the listener (v is negative), then fL is greater than fS. In
the visible light spectrum, this causes a shift toward the high-frequency end of the light
spectrum. For some reason, violet got the short end of the stick and such frequency shift is
actually called a blue shift.