Professional Documents
Culture Documents
to TPA
A transfer refers to a conversion of a thing from one person to another person. Property
may be defined as anything physical or a virtual entity owned by an individual or a group
of people. A property can be transferred from one person to another person by
transferring rights, or interest, or ownership, or possession the party can satisfy either or
all the ingredients.
Illustration
A is the grandson of G and A owns three estates of which he wanted to transfer one
estate to his grandpa D but he died two years ago the transfer won’t be held valid
because the transfer of property should happen between two living persons.
Sr. Transfer
Property Act
No between
Living to
2 Movable property Sale of goods Act, 1930
living
Before the advent of the British Raj system in India, Hindus, and Muslims were governed
by their personal laws for the transfer of property. When Britishers were actively
involved in the Indian Legal system they established informal Courts in which clear and
concrete law was absent as compared to the law that was prevailing in England. Various
High Court expressed the need for creating specific acts related to the transfer of
property. As the principle of a good conscience, equity, and justice was confusing and
created various uncertainties, the privy council noted the uncertainties and also told the
authorities to take immediate action.
So, the first commission was appointed by the British Queen Elizabeth II to remove
uncertainties. On matters related to the transfer of property. The draft was sent in India
after certain amendments were introduced in the legislative Council in 1877. It was then
sent to the selection committee but it was reversed due to the public criticism. The Bill
was redrafted by the Second law commission. Some of the provisions were borrowed
from English law on real property, the Law of Conveyancing and Property Act, 1881.
Mostly the law was shaped in such a manner that suits the Indian population and can be
easily understood by a non-professional judge.
expansion of the law. Therefore, a special committee was appointed to make the
In this case, large artillery was fixed for blowing liquor. The Court held that it would be
considered as movable property if it was fixed in the land, not with an intention for
beneficial enjoyment.
Actionable claims: A claim to any debt, other than the debt secured by
mortgage of immovable property or by hypothecation or pledge of movable
property or to any beneficial interest in a movable property or to any beneficial
interest in movable property not in the possession, either actual, or constructive
possession of the claimant which the civil courts recognize as affording
grounded of relief, whether such debt or beneficial interest be existent,
accusing, conditional or contingent.
Illustration: A has given his house to B for rent but B hasn’t paid the rent because this
would amount to an actionable claim.
Actual or implied notice: The person having actual knowledge about a particular fact.
The preamble of the transfer of property Act lays down that it is related to the
transfer of property by the act of the properties.
The transfer of property act, 1882 provides a uniform and a clear law
concerning the transfer of movable property from one living person to another
living person by the act of parties.
The Transfer of Property Act, 1882 is an extension of the Indian Contract
Act,1872 because the contract act was recognized as an inexhaustive code.
The transfer of property law is not a copy of the English transfer of property
laws that was enacted based on socio-economic conditions of the country.
The transfer of property Act, 1882 cannot be considered as totally exhaustive; it
covers the transfer of immovable property from the act of parties.
Transfer of property is subject to the concurrent list that provides power to both
the state legislature and the parliament to pass laws related to the matter of
transfer of property.
The act covers five types of transfer of immovable property they are as follows:
a) Mortgage b) gift c) sale d) actionable claims e) lease.
The transfer of property Act, 1882 is a law that applies lex-loci to all people
living in that jurisdiction, not like personal laws that differ from person to
person.
The transfer of property Act, 1882 is governed by various principles like justice,
equity, and good conscience.
Initially, at the time of implementation, the act didn’t apply to the State of
Bombay, Punjab, and Delhi as because they had their own acts related to
property matters. Currently, the transfer of property act doesn’t apply in Punjab;
it complies with the rule of good conscience, equity, and justice.
Transfer of property Act, 1882 highlights the provision of inter-vivos parallel to
the existing laws relating to the testamentary and interstate transfer.
The transfer of property act, 1882 is a general law and therefore it cannot
prevail over the special laws passed by the parliament.
Under the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 it mentions that absolute conditional
restraint is void and partial conditional restraint on the transfer of property is
valid.
Conclusion
The Act was introduced with an intention to create a comprehensive Act which provides
information about the transfer in a very simple language during the time of introduction it
was not complete and had various uncertainties. It has gone through various amendment
processes and the act has proved it time and again about its effectiveness. In India, many
more such acts like transfer of property Act, 1882 are still in need to be implemented.