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    Qdoc - Tips Living Language Conversational German

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    Chloe Pakpakan

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LIVING LANGUAGE A Random House Company & Learn to speak, read, and write German quickly and easily with Living Language®, Developed by U.S. government experts, th book introduces you step-by-step to the basics of German pronus ciation, Vocabulary, idiomatie expressions, and grammar. INSIDE, YOU'LL FIND: * Allthe wos nd phrases from the 40 lessons onthe Living Language® German recordings plus additional voeabulary * A.guide to pronunciation + Useful topics: Directions, Introductions, Shopping, ete. mmar and usage + Short quizzes to help you check your progress + Acomprehensive summary of German grammar + Verb charts including all tenses © A special section on writing leners While this book stands on its own as an instructional program and tan invaluable reference, you'll find that using it with the recorded lessons is even more effective. Along with the recordings, Living Language® German cassette and compact disc packages include this book as well asa dictionary. $7.00. (ca se: 5995) ISBN 0~609-80300-Xx —— Al mat OURSEBOQO)! REVISED & UPDATED LEARN STEP-BY-STEP IN 40 EASY LESSONS ° GRAMMaR & USAGE EXPLAINED THROUGHOUT ° COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCE SECTIONS INCLUDED . FOR BEGINNERS OR THOSE WHO WANT A THOROUGH ‘THE LIVING LANGUAGE® SERIES ving Language Hace Coarse. Living Langage Fat Easy Rove & Updated Spon al Porespacse Se Jupascre® French Basan Cech Prec ‘nmion German Polish” Mungrion Comat Itor® Japanese Karen Matarn Poraguce Bian) Arabic Hebrew (Chine) Porupuce (Catered) ‘ahah or Seah Sreatre uel fr Sot Seeker “Livi Language Aa Auto [ing Language ltermedinte Spenae French aon Germ, Conre Sanh? ‘mck 2 Living Language Spek Up” Semen? Sralon? "Serato Caras pens "americas Reiou Living Language Advanced Coors, An Indio and Mia aster Revised & Upéated souks ‘romeh Fodor's Languages fr Travers Span Prewh Molen "Geran ‘ving Language Usinate™ ‘rmery al the Pay™) vig Langangs Parent sponte ‘Seana 2+ Rey Rie Frm Breck 2 Leam Pench he Kien German® German 2° Lee lat the Khon el ton ?* Ucn Seni he cer dpeeset ma 2* Lew lan Car Teel Engsh for Spi Spees® Lun Spt the Car Iasi Pngh Sor Spot een 2 Chines (199), rig Langue eral ances sie pane for Mecheare ‘sient Sons for Sosa Services Eset Sunt for Ln Eilon ‘seni Lagoa Gale fo ae Ronaanee Employees ving Language Children's Courses Sra Peck ‘ig Language Comerstional Tag for Chinese Speakers Jor poner Spckers for Resin Speers GERAAN COURSEBOOK REVISED & UPDATE REVISED BY WALTER KLEINMANN CCoordinsiorof Foreign Languages and ‘English ws « Second Language ‘Sewanhsa Central High Schoo! District Based on the original by Genevieve A. Matin and ‘Theodor Bensam LIVING LANGUAGE" A Nandem Horse oy INTRODUCTION Living Language® German makes it easy to learn how to speak, read, and write German, This course is a revised and updated version of Living Ger- ‘man: The Complete Living Language Course®. The same highly effective method of language instruction ‘still used, but the content has been updated to reflect ‘modern usage and the format has been clarified. In this, ‘course, the basic elements of the language have been carefully selected and condensed into forty short lessons. If you can study about thirty minutes a day, ‘you can master this course and learn to speak German ina few weeks, ‘You'll learn German the way you leamed Eng- lish, starting with simple words and progressing to ‘more complex phrases, Just listen and repeat after the native instractors on the recordings. To help you im- ‘merse yourself in the language, you'll hear only Ger- ‘man spoken. Hear it, say it, absorb it through use and repetition. ‘This Living Language” German Coursebook provides English translations and brief explana- tions for each lesson. The first five lessons cover pronunciation, laying the foundation for learning the vocabulary, phrases, and grammar which are ex- plained in the later chapters. If you already know a little German, you can use the book as a phrase book tnd reference. In addition to the forty lessons, there is a Summary of German Grammar, plus verb conjuga- tions and a section on letter writing. ‘Also included in the course package is the Living Language” German Dictionary. 1% contains more than 20,000 entries, with many of the definitions il- strated by phrases and idiomatic expressions, More than 1,000 of the most essential words are capitalized to make them easy to find. You can increase your vocabulary and range of expression just by browsing through the dictionary. Practice your German as much as possible. Even if you cant manage a trip abroad, watching German oie sda German mages eating mt Comman restaurants, and talking with Ge are enjoyable Ways to help reinforce what you se learned with Living Language* German. Now, let's begin. “The following instructions will tll you what to do, Viel Glick! Good luck! COURSE MATERIAL 1. Two 90-minute cassettes or three 60-minute ‘compact discs. 2. Living Language” German Coursebook. This book is designed for use with the recorded lessons, but it may also be used alone as a refer ence. It contains the following sections: Basic German in 40 Lessons ‘Summary of German Grammar ‘Verb Conjugations Letter Writing 3. Living Language® German Dictionary. The German / English-Fnglish /German dictionary contains more than 20,000 entries. Phrases and idiomatic expressions illustrate many of the def- initions, More than 1,000 of the most essential words are capitalized. INSTRUCTIONS 1. Look at page 1. The words in boldface type are the ones you will hear on the recording, 2. Now read Lesson 1 all the way through. Note the points to listen for when you play the re- cording, The first word you will hear is Al- bert. 3. Start the recording, Histen carefully, and say the ‘words aloud in the pauses provided. Go through the lesson once and don't worry if you can't pronounce everything correctly the first time ‘around. Try it again and keep repeating the les- son until you are comfortable with it. The more ‘often you listen and repeat, the longer you will remember the material. 4. Now go on f0 the next lesson. If you take @ break between lessons, it's always good to 1e- view the previous lesson before starting on @ new one. ‘S. In the manual, there are two kinds of quizzes. ‘With matching quizzes, you must select the ‘English translation of the German sentence, The other type requires you to fill in the blanks with ‘the correct German word chosen from the three given directly below the sentence, If you make ‘any mistakes, reread the section. 6. Even after you have finished the forty lessons and achieved a perfect score on the Final Quiz, ‘This work was previously publisied under the ttles Conversation ‘Marmel German, Living Lamgucge™ Conversational German, Living Lanpasge™ Conversational German, Revised and Updated by Genevieve A; Marin ad Theodor Berar, asad of the method devised by Raph Weinman. Copyright © 1955, 1985, 1993 by Living Language, A Random Howse Company Al rights reserve. No pant of this book may be reproduced or 'rarsmtted in any form or by ty means, electronic oF mechanical Incloding phomcepying. recording. or by any information storage and retneval sysiem, wihout permission in writing from the pob- Taher Published by Living Language: A Random Howse Company. 201 Bu 5 Stet, New Yor, New York 10022. Rardiom Howse, Yn, New York, Tem, London, Sydney, Acland ewe lvinglangiage com LIVING LANGUAGE is a registered trademark of Crown Publish- rs ne Prien nthe United States of America Liary of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-8319 ISBN 0-600-80300-X CONTENTS IntRoDucTION Course MATERIAL INSTRUCTIONS Lesson 1 ‘A. Sounds of the German Language ‘B. Cognates: Words Similar in English and German ‘Lesson 2 ‘A. Vowels B, Diphthongs Lesson 3 ‘A. Consonants B. Special German Sounds Lesson 4 ‘A. The German Alphabet B. More English-German Cognites ‘Lesson 5 ‘A. General Spelling Equivalents Lesson 6 ‘A. Days and Months B. Numbers 1-10 C. Colors D. North, South, East, West quiz) ‘Lesson 7 ‘A. Greetings B. How's the Weather? quiz 2 C. Word Study Lesson 8 ‘A. Do You Have... B. Ina Restaurant ouiz3 Lesson 9 ‘A. To Lear: Lernen B. To Give: Geben C. Negation D. Asking a Question T REVIEW QUIZ 1 E. Word Study Lesson 10 ‘A. The German Declension B. The Article C. Declension of Nouns D. Plural of Nouns E. Declension of Adjectives F, Comparative and Superlative G. Prepositions Lesson 11 ‘A. Where? B. Here and There C. There D. To the Right, Ftc. E. Near and Far quizé LESSON 12 ‘A. To Be or Not to Be: Sein B. My, Your, His, Etc. Quiz s C. Word Study: Cognates ‘Lesson 13 ‘A. Its, That Is B. Asking a Question IT . Word Study Lesson 14 ‘A. To Have and Have Not: Haber B. There Is C. Ago D. Also, Too Quizes Lesson 15 ‘A. Do You Speak German? B. Please Speak More Slowly C. What Did You Say? D. Thanks Quiz7 E, Word Swdy BShsRae BRAS SES SRIWAR BwH2RB Lesson 16 A. This and That quizs B. Not, Not Any C. Nothing. Never, Only, Btc. D. Isn't If? Aren't You? Etc, quiz 9 E. Word Study ‘Lesson 17 ‘A. It's Me (D, You, Etc. B. I's Mine, Yours, Btc. C. He Speaks to Me, You, Bic. D. I'm Talking About You, Etc. E. I'm Thinking of You, Etc. F He G. Give It to Me, Etc. H. Myself, Yourself, Ete. Quiz 10 Lesson 18. ‘A. Hello, How Are You? B.T'd Like You to Meet... . How Are Things? Quiz 11 D. Word Study LESSON 19 . ‘A. Have You Two Met? B. Glad to Have Met You quiz 12 REVIEW QUIZ 2 C. Word Study. ives It to Me, You, Etc. a B B 4 288 Ssesesedaaaa BARRR EES Lesson 20 ‘A. Numbers 'B. More Numbers quiz 13 . Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division Lesson 21 ‘A. It Costs... B. The Telephone Number Is... C. My Address Is... D. Some Dates Quiz 14 E. Word Study Lesson 22 ‘A. What Time fs 1? 'B. Time Past the Hour C. When Can You Come, Etc.? D. It's Time quiz is E. Word Study Lesson 23 ‘A. Morning. Noon, and Night 'B. This Week, Next Month, One of ‘These Days C. Expressions of Past, Present, and Future Lesson 24 ‘A. Days of the Week 'B. What Day Is Today? Quiz 16 ‘C. Months and Dates SEeeeses R sees 101 104 106 107 108 109 109 109 10 113 4 14 14 6 17 D. Seasons Quiz 17 E. Vor dem Zeitungsstand (At the Newsstand) Lesson 25 A. To Go, to Walk: Gehen B. To Go, to Ride, to Drive: Fahren CA Few Action Phrases D. Word Study Lesson 26 ‘A. One, They, People Quiz 18 B. Word Suudy C.A Little and a Lot D. Too Much . More or Less F. Enough and Some More ‘Lesson 27 ‘A. Good B. Good, Well C. Beautiful, Nice, Fine Quiz 19 D. Word Study Lesson 28 A. Like, As B. All, Each, Every, Etc. C. Some, Any, Nothing, Ete. (Combinations with Da-) D. Prepositional Compounds Referring 10 People 118 118 137 138 138 139 Mi 4 E. Idiomatic Expressions with Prepositions quiz 20 ‘Lesson 29 ‘A. OF Course, | Suppose So, Ete. B. I's a Pity, It Docsn’t Matter, Etc. €. He's a Great Guy, She's Great Gal Quiz2 D. The Same, Myself E. Already F. Word Study Lesson 30 ‘A. [ Like It, I's Good B. I Don’t Like It, I's Bad quiz 22 ©. Bin wite (A Joke) REVIEW QUIZ 3 D. Word Study Lesson 31 ‘A. Who? What? How? Fic Quiz 23 B. Word Study C. How Much? D. How Many? Quiz 2 Lesson 32 ‘A. Some, Someone, Something, Sometimes B. Once, Twice C.UpTo D. I Need I, It's Necessary EI Feel Like FE Ms 7 48 148 150 151 132 183 154 154 135 157 137 139 162 162 162 (70 m2 m m2 173 4 174 195 176 7 (8 G. Here It Is, There It Is quiz 25, REVIEW QUIZ 4 Lesson 33 ‘A. On the Road B. Walking Around C. Bus, Train, Subway D. Word Study Lesson 34 ‘A. Writing and Mailing Letwers 'B. Faxes and Telegrams . Telephones Lesson 35 ‘A. What Is Your Name? B. Where Are You From’? C. How Old Are You? D. Professions E. Family Matters REVIEW QUIZ 5 LESSON 36 ‘A. Shopping B. General Shopping Expressions Quiz 26 Lesson 37 ‘A. Ordering Breakfast B. A Sample Menu REVIEW QUIZ 6 Lesson 38 ‘A. Apartment Hunting B. At Home 180 181 181 184 184 185 187 188. 189 189 191 193 215 217 218 218 Quiz 27 REVIEW QUIZ7 Lesson 39 ‘A. To Come: Kommen B. To Say: Sagen Quiz 28 ©. To Do: Tun Quiz 29 REVIEW QUIZ 8 D. Could You Give Me Some Information? Quiz 30 Lesson 40 ‘A. The Most Common Verb Fors quiz st B. Meeting an Old Friend Quiz 32 C. Commonly Used Verbs D. Common Notices and Signs FINAL QUIZ Summary oF GERMAN GRAMMAR 1. The Alphabet 2. The Vowels 3. ‘The Diphthongs 4. The Consonants 5. Special Letter Combinations 6. The German Declension 7. Plural of Nouns 8. Gender 9. The Definite Article 10. The Indefinite Article 11. The Adjectives 12. Comparative and Superlative 13. ‘The Parttive 224 229 23 232 233 2B6 BESREE RR as BRUBBRERRERERS 14, Possessive Adjectives 24 15. Possessive Pronouns 295 16. Demonstrative Adjectives 296 17. Demonstrative Pronouns 296 18. Relative Pronouns 297 19. Personal Pronouns 298 20. Indefinite Pronouns 29 21, Position of Pronouns 300 22. The Negative 301 23, Adverbs 30L 24, Prepositions 305 25, Contractions 306 26, Prefixes 307 27. "The Tenses of the Indicative 308 28. The Past Participle 3 29. Use of the Auxiliaries Haben and Sein 312 30. The Subjunctive 313 31, The Conditional BIT 32. The Passive Voice 317 33. The Imperative 38 34, The Infinitive 319 35. Complements of Verbs 320 36, Changes in the Normal Sequence ‘of Words Within 2 Sentence 321 37. Indirect Discourse 323 38. Construction of the Sentence 325 39. The Most Common Irregular Verbs 327 440. Other Inegular Verbs 344 Lerrer WRITING 367 ‘A. Thank-You Notes 367 B, Business Letters 368 C. Informal Letters 370 D. Forms of Salutations and Complimentary Closings 372 E. Form of the Envelope a4 Tre New German Speitinc RerorM — 375 LIVING LANGUAGE® GERAAN COURSEBOOR EVISED & UPDATED keep practicing your German by listening to the recordings and speaking with German-speaking friends. For further study, try Living Language Plus® German, Living Language® German 2. Living Language® Ultimate German and Uti- ‘mate German Advanced, as well as Living Lan- guage” All Audio German. CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 1 LESSON 1 A. Sounps oF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE Many German sounds are like English. Listen to and ‘repeat the following German names, and notice which sounds are similar and which are different: Albert Gustay Minna Anton Hans Otto ‘Anna Heinrich Paul Bernhard ‘Jakob Paula Emma Josef Richard Erich Katharina Rudolf Franz Lotte Stefan Friedrich Ludwig ‘Thomas Georg Martha Wilhelm NOTES 1, Each sound is pronounced clearly and distinctly; sounds are not slurred over as they often are in English. 2. Simple words have one stressed syllable, gen- crally the first one. 3. The Umlaut (*)is placed at times on the letters 4, 0, mt, and changes their pronunciation. Con trast the following examples: dber—over, unt- er—ander. 4, All nouns are written with a capital letter, 2 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN B. Cocnares: Worps SIMILAR IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN [Now listen to and repeat the following words which are similar in English and German. These words are called “cognates” and are descended from the same toot. Notice how German spelling and pronunciation differ from English: Adresse address ‘Alcohol alcohol Amerikaner American Bank bank Bad ba Bett ‘bed Bier beer Butter butter Charakter character Direktor director Doktor doctor Drama drama Ende end Export export Film film Garage ‘garage Gas as hier here Hotel hotel Hunger hunger Lampe lamp Tong Linie Tine Maschine machine Nation nation CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 3 temple tunnel Wolf wolf vege ane LESSON 2 A. Vowes ‘The following groups of words will give you some additional practice in spelling and pronunciation: 1. The sound long a in the English “*ah’” or “fs- ther": sagen to say Laden shop Datum date Tafel board ‘ CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 5 Rens Ss genet ee 8 ‘The sound long i is pronounced “ee"” as in sce": a . or Mite rent Lice love 3. The sound tong 2 similar to the English i” in ai”: spit le Wihrung —curreney Erkliirang explanation Ernifhrumg nutrition 4, The sound short & is similar to the “e" Sa, The sound Jong ¢ is similar to the “ay” in geben (to) give stehen (to) stand . The sounds ee and eh are also long, as in the in “care”: mehr more Heer army 6. Shore ¢ is similar to the “‘e"* in “bent’*: Adresse address wetten to bet Moment moment remnen run 7. The sound e at the end of @ word is similar to “e'" in “pocket”: beide both Karte heute today 4 seine his 10. The sound long o is like the in “lone”: oben above Boden floor Obst fruit holen (to) fetch LL. The sound short o is similar to the “o’* in eae oft often ‘Stoff ‘material kommen (to) come Lech hole 12, The sound long & is somewhat similar 10 the German ‘‘e" in “geben,” and is pronounced by rounding the lips and saying long e: Kénig king ren (to) hear Lowe tion bise angry 13. Short 6 is said like a short w with rounded lips, as in “pap” kénnen (lo) beable to midchte would like ‘Téehter daughters Ricke skirts ‘ CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 2 14. The sound jong w is like the English “‘oo"* in 2. The sound au is pronounced almost like the “noon”: “ou” in “house”: Blume flower ‘Hut hat Haus house - Baum tree ‘Huhn chicken gut Maus mouse 4,¥ Pflaume plum muss has to dumm = — dumb 15. The sound short w is similar to the “bash: bummetn —_('o) stroll 16. Long itis said like ““ee"” as in “see,” but with rounded lips: fiber over frither sooner Griben over there Friihstiick breakfast 17. The sound short @ is pronounced by keeping the tongue in the same position as for short # ‘but with rounded lips: Stiick piece dann thin Briieke bridge = mitssen (fo) have to 18 ‘The same sound is used to pronounce y: fypisch typical Lyrik lyrics B. DipHTHoNcs Mai may Heimat Ei 1, The sounds ai and e are pronounced almost like the “'y”” in “by,” only with greater emphasis: homeland cee 3. The sounds du, ex, are pronounced somewhat Hike the English oy in **boy": Huser houses Leute people ‘triiumen (to) dream heute today LESSON 3 A. CONSONANTS 1. B is generally pronounced like the English b: Rett bed Gabe sift However, b at the end of a word is pronounced like p in the English word “trap.”” Grab tomb ‘Trab trot 2. C before ¢, i, @ 0, y, is pronounced like 1s: however, this is @ rather rare combination, Gen- erally z precedes these letters. C before 2, 0, w is pronounced like k, but the leuter & is generally substituted. These two pro- nuncitions of the c occur mostly in foreign words: Cisar Caesar Cato Cato CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 3. D is generally pronounced like the English d: Datum date Norden Nord However, d at the end of a word is pronounced like ¢ in the English word ““but"*: Bod bath Hund dog 4, F is Tike the English f Fliege fly Fluss iver 5. G is generally pronounced as in English word. as in the English “general” only in words of foreign origin: Garten garden Garage garage General general 6. H is pronounced like the English ' at the be- ginning of a word, or before an accented sylla- bie. hundert hundred Geheimmis secret Heimat native country behalten keep In other cases, it is not pronounced: Schuh shoe 497 fralich meaty 7. is pronounced like the English y as in ‘“York"": Jahr year Jemand someone’ 8 Kis pronounced like the English c before a, 0, uCeanal” "corn," ent" CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 8 Katze cat Keller cellar Kind child Kunde customer 9, is pronounced as in the English “land,” “million”: Land land — Leben tie Wolf wolf 10, M and V are pronounced as in English: Melle mile ur only Maler painter Neffe nephew La. P is pronounced like the English p: Preis rice Papier paper 'b. The cluster pf is pronouriced as one sound and has no English equivalent: Pfanne pan Prerd horse Pfennig ——_—penny 12, Q, always used in combination with u, is sim- ilar to the English q: Quelle spring Qualitit quality 13. R is mote rolled than in English and always strongly pronounced: Rede ‘speech reine ‘clean 14, § before a vowel is pronounced like the En- lish z in "200": CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN iiss sweet ‘Sahne cream At the end of a word or a syllable, it is pro- ‘nounced as in the English “son”: Maus mouse Els ice 15. Tis pronounced as in the English “tea’': ‘Tanz dance Tasse cup ‘There is no sound equivalent to the English 1h. ‘This combination is simply pronounced like #: Theater theater yg" Thon throne 16, Vis pronounced, except in a few cases, like the English fin “fair”; Pig Vogel bird Vater father ‘The exceptions are a few Latin roots: Vase vase Vulkan volcano 17. Wis pronounced like the English v in **vain,"* never like the English w in **want"”: Wein wine Walfe ‘weapon 18. 2 is pronounced as in English: ‘ Axt axe Hexe witeb 19. Zs pronounced like the English combination =e Zahn tooth, Zauber magic CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN u B. SpectaL GERMAN SOUNDS Practice the following sounds which have as equiva- Jets in English: 1. The German combination ch has three different sounds: 2) The sound as pronounced in the English “hamster: Christ Chrisian—Charakter character Chor Chorus ‘When followed by an s, this combination has severally the sound of ks: 2 PP? Fuchs fox Woche 1) A sound near the English fin “hoe China China mich oe Kirche church 3 sicher certain ) A guttural sound which does not exist in English but can be only approximated to the ‘Scotch “loch: Acht abt Dach roof Bach ‘brook Buch ook 2. When in final position, the combination -ig ap- roximates the «ch sound as in the word ich: ewig ctemal maimnlich_~=——manly Konig king persinlich personally dv 2 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN ‘When the -ig sound is followed by -lich or -¢it is pronounced like hard or hard &: ‘wenigstens at least (pronounced ike &) richtige comect (pronounced like g) Ikiniglich royally (pronounced like g) 3. Note the following combinations containing 4) sch, equivalent to the English sh in *'shoe"”: Kirsche cherry amerikanisch American Sewh shoe 'b) sp oF stat the beginning of a word, with the s sounded like si: stehen (fo) stand ‘Spanien Spain Stahl steel Spiegel mirror 4, The combination ng is pronounced like the En- alish ng in “sing”; the two letters are never pronounced separately: ~ bringen (10) bring ~ anfangen (to) begin 5. The combination rz is similar to the English ts: Miitze cap Blitz lightning 6. The combination -er occurting at the end of a ord it smiltr the git ound of Kleiner smaller Vater father schinmer nicer CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 3 LESSON 4 A. THE GERMAN ALPHABET lurve nae eek AME ER Na a ae oy yo 8 ess Be Seek ah Oe teh € tech 1 au a deh om oem oy fa e ehom oe ow Mh f eff 0 ohox iks € gy p ph oy Aipsitonn hoo ah og tsett i eo or er & (ab-Umlaut) 3 (h-Umiaut) & — (c0-Umlaut) B. More ENGLisH-GermMan CoGNaTES Building up a German vocabulary is a rather easy ‘matter since, as you have already seen, a great number ‘of words are similar in German and English. Many are spelled almost the same, though they may differ con- siderably in pronunciation, oe cae Drama drama ‘Material — material Tana find Siiden South Zentrum center. == Park ark. CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 1s 3, German -elt—Bnglish -ect Ettekt —_effex Objekt object Projekt project Subjekt subject 4. German het, eit, it—English ending -t: Sup? Fretheit liberty -Schwierigkelt difficulty Schiinheit beauty Notwendigkeit necessity ‘Autoritit authority Quulluie analy” 5. German -ent—English ney, Bea Ua) ‘Frequenz frequency = Tendenz_—_—tendency 6. German -ie—English -y: — eee Industrie industry Philosophie philosophy LESSON 5 7. German -tie—English -cy: Diplomatie diploma A. GENERAL SPELLING EQUIVALENTS Demokentle democracy Dipl iplomacy 1. German —Bingliah c: 8, German -ist—English -ist journalist alist «Artist «artist Kanal ‘canal Respekt respect i Jour: Koleale, colony) Direktor director mene samt 2. German ~ik English -ie (s): 9. German sek—English sh: Musik music Politik politics ‘Schitt stig weit Physik physics > lyrics Schnh rad as rr 6 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 10. German -voll—English ful: ‘wundervoll wonderful gedankenvoll thoughtful 11. German -los—English ess: hheralos heartless geruehilos 12, German -weiris—English -ward: westwirts westward —_vorwiirts LESSON 6 A. Days anp Montas Montag Monday Dienstag Tuesday Mitewoch Wednesday Donnerstag ‘Thursday Freitag Friday Samstag, or Sonmabend Saturday Sonntag, Sunday Januar January Februar February Mire March April April Mai May Suni June Salt July A ‘August September September Oktober October November November forward CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN B. Numpers 1-10 HEELEGLIE SggEeeEgga i et green white black brown gray pink ive D. Nortx, Sours, East, West Norden North Siiden South Osten East, Westen West 8 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 9 Quiz Good evening. Try matching the following two columns: Mss, Mrs, Wagner 1. Sonniag. a. Thursday ‘Good evening, Mrs. 2 August b. brown ‘Wagner. 3. Mitrwock . ten Good night. 4 grau 6. Sunday Good night, Mrs. Wag- 5. Donnerstag ered ner, es £. August How are you? How do 7. braun g. Monday you do? (‘How is it 8 ache h. July going with you?”) i i. five How are you? |. white How are you? (fam) K gray How do you do, Mrs. 1. nine Wagner? m, Wednesday very n. yellow well ©. eight ‘Very well. ‘Thank you. Thanks. ANSWERS ‘Thank you. 1d; Qf, Sm, 4k; Sa; 6; 7b; Bo; ‘Sehr gut, danke. Very well, thanks, 9; 10m; Le; 12g: I 145; 12. ‘Sprechen Sie! Speak! Jangsam slowly LESSON 7 A. GREETINGS Guten Morgen! Hello! Good morning. Herr Mr Herr Wagner Mr. Wagner Guten Morgen, Herr Good moming, Mr. ‘Wagner. ‘Wasner, Guten Tag. Good afternoon (Good day), ‘Sprechen Sie langsam! Speak slowly! Sprechen Sie langsam, Speak slowly, please. Wiederholen Sie! Repeat! Wiederholen Sie, bitte, Please repeat. danke thanks vielmals much, @ lot Danke vielmals, ‘Thank you very much. ‘Thanks a Jot. ‘gers t a contraction of geht ex, CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN BI Not at all. Es schneit. W's soowing. Ich danke thnen. ‘Thank you. Das ist ein Hundewet- That's dog’s (terrible) Tech danke Thnen ‘Thank you for it, ter! dafiir. Bin herrticher Tag, Germ geschehen. It was @ pleasure, nicht wabr? Bis morgen. Till tomorrow. See you tomorrow. quiz 2 Bis Samstag, Till Saturday. See you Saturday. 1. sehr gue 1. speak. . Bis Montag. ‘Till Monday. See you 2. Guten Abend. b. how .. Monday. 3. Sprechen Sie... ¢. much, a lot Bis Donnerstag. Till Thursday. See you 4. Danke. 4. See you tomorrow. ‘Thursday. (Till tomorrow.) Bis heute abend, Till this evening. See 5. wie... . How are you? ‘you this evening. 6. Bite. £ very well Bis morgen abend. ‘Till tomorrow evening: 7. viel g. It's raining. See you tomorrow 8. Bis morgen, +. Thank you. evening, 9. Wie geht es Ihnen? i. please Bis niiehste Woche. Till next week, See 10. Es regnet, J. Good evening. you next week. Bis spaiter. See you later, ANSWERS. Bis gleich. See you in a litle while If, 2; 3a; 4h; S—b; 61; 7«; 8d; Se; ‘Auf Wiedersehen. Good-bye. 10g. B. How’s rhe WEATHER? ‘Wie ist das Wetter How's the weather to- heute? day? Es ist kait. Its cold. Es ist hei. It’s hot. Es ist kit, W's cool. Es ist warm. W's warm, Es ist windig. W's windy. Es ist sonnig. It's sunny. Es regnet, It’s raining. C. Worp Srupy ‘The Word Studies point out words which are almost similar in German and English. Form form Liste list Post ‘mail Gruppe group reich rich Sorte sort Suppe soup Kapitin captain Operation operation Admiral admiral Noie note (musical) Orange orange 0 YA » 2 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 2 Diamant diamond = Rome, at Bringen Sie mir... Give me... Pilot pilot Kamel camel Bringen Sie mir die Please bring mea Pflonce plant Pirat pirate Speisekarte, bitte. ‘ment Sport ‘sport November November Die Speisekarie, bitte. The menu, please. ch mbchte ... Td like « Brot bread LESSON 8 Butter butter Suppe soup A. Do You Have...? kaart so Rindfleisch beef Haben Sie ...? Do you have... er cues Wasser woe Saaone Neseabier Zigaretien some (any) cigarettes oe potatoes Feuer a light a Streichhotzer some matches — mnt Schreibpapier notepaper Maes veins Papier paper on na etwas mi trinken something to drink eae = dom Steligien - amepolthe city yee pepper noch Zimmer frei any vacancies ‘ : Bringen Sie mir... Bring me .. = einen Teelffel 2 ‘teaspoon B,_ IN A RESTAURANT pena, _ 4 ein Messer = Se so einen Teller a plate Abendessen dinner, supper Was wiinschen Sie, What will you have? or ee saan ts? Teh michte ... Td like cin Glas Wasser a glass of water ere Was wa would yu like? oe (cine er ste schen Sie? (‘Good day, sir. re sone {eon ine Tasse Kaffee a cup of coffee cine Flasche Wein bottle of wine ATIONAL GERMAN «a bottle of mineral wa- ter a bottle of white wine a bottle of red wine another ega, a little of that a little more of that some more bread a little more bread some more meat alittle more meat The check, please. Geben Sie mir . Sireichhilzer 8. noch etwas Brot 9. Bringen Sie mir... 10. Wasser I. Feuer 14. eine Tasse Kaffee 15. Die Rechnung, bitte. 0. a guidebook ANSWERS 14; 24; 34g 4g; SA; 6—€; 7b; $n} 9a; 10-1 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN z LESSON 9 In German there are two kinds of verbs: 1. The weak (schwache Zeinwiiner) or regular verbs. 2. The strong (starke Zeinworter) or iregular verbs. ‘A. To LEARN: Loewen (WEAK) 1. Learn, ich lerne earn, 1 do learn, I'm Teaming du lernst you fam.) learn, you do lear, you are learning ct (sie, es) Vernt he (she, it) learns, be does learn, he is learning wir lernen wwe learn, we do learn, we are learning ‘hr tern you (fam. pl.) learn, you do learn, you are learning Sie lernen, you (polite) learn, you do lear, you are learning sie lernen, they leam, they do learn, they are learning CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN NOTES a Notice the verb endings: ich * du or ie, es) the Sie, sie “st * wir 0 + “0 , These forms, which make up the present- tense, translate English “I learn,” “I'm learning,’ and “I do learn.” du lernst and ihr lerat ‘The singular and the plural of these forms are used when you address one or several close friends, These da and ihr forms are called “familiar” forms. Notice the capital Sin Ste. It is used to address one or several persons you don’t know very well (whom you would ‘ot call by first name in English.) This form is called the “polite” or “*formal"* used either in direct speoch or writing. This distinction is indicated throughout the course ‘by (pol) and (fam). 4. Er lernt means “he learns”; sie lernt means “she learns”; es lernt means “it learns”; sie Jernen means “they learn" just as in English for all genders, 2. Learn! Fe Lerne! ‘Leam (the familiar form used to @ per- ‘son one knows well; ‘compare di lernst above) CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN Lernt! Lernen Sie! Lerne nicht! Lernt nicht! Lernen Sie nicht! Learn (the familiar plu- ral form; compare, ihr lernt above) Learn! (the polite form; compare Sie fermen above) Don’t learn! (fam) Don’t learn! (fam. pi.) Don't lea! (pol) ‘This form of the verb which is used in commands and requests is called “the imperative.” B. To Grve: Gesew (STRONG) 1. I give, du gibst er (sie, es) gibt wir geben ihr gebt Sie geben sie geben 2 Give! Gib! Geptt Geben Sie! 1 give, 1 do give, I'm civing you (iam) give, you do sive; you're giving the (she, it) gives, he does give, he's giving wwe give, we do give, we're giving you (fam. plu.) give, you do give, you're giving you (pol. give, you do sive, you're giving they give. they do give, they're giving Give! (fam) Give! (fam. ph.) Give! (pol) Ay CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN Notice that in the case of the strong verb, the endings are the same as those of the weak verb, but the vowel of the stem changes in the second and third person singular. Some common vowel changes are ¢ t0 f¢ 10 ie; a 0.2, (C. NEGATION To negate a statement, add the word nicht: sprechen {1 speak (strong) ich spreche 1 speak, I do speak, es ich spreche nicht I don’t ear alone speaking du sprichst nicht you (um. 5.) don’t speak, aren’t speak- er (sie, es) spricht he (he, i) doesn’t nicht speak, isn’t speaking wir sprechen nicht ‘we do not speak aren’t speaking ihr sprecht nicht you Gam. pl.) don’t = ‘ase not speak- Sie sprechen nicht a s. and pl.) aren't speaking, don’t speak sie sprechen nicht they do not speak, are ‘not speaking ASKING A QUESTION I 1. To ask a question, invert the word order so that the verb comes before the subject pronoun: CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN. 2 Sie lernen. Lernen Sie? Lerne ich? Lernst du? Lernt er? Lernt sie? ‘Lernen wir? Lernt ihr? Lernen Sic? Lernen sie? You lear. You're learning. Do you learn? Are you learning? Do I learn? Am I learning? Do you learn? Are you learning? Does he learn? Is he learning? ‘Does she learn? Is she learning? Do we lean? Are we learning? ‘Do you lear? Are you learning? Do you learn? Are you learning? Do they learn? Are they learning? 2. To ask a question in the negative form, also re- ‘verse the word order and use the negative nicht. ‘Lerne ich nicht? Lernst du nicht? Lernt er nicht? Lernt sie nicht? Don’t I learn? Don’t you lean’? ‘Doesn't be learn? Doesn't she learn’? Lernen wir nicht? Don't we lean? Lernt ihr nicht? Doa't you learn? Lernen Sie nicht? Don’t you lean? Lernen sie nicht? Don’t they learn? REVIEW QUIZ 1 Choose the correct German word equivalent to the English. 1. Five amis ‘b. sieben © finf 2. Bight— ache be mewn ©. vier 3. Twesday— a. Minwock b. Diensrag ©. Freitag 4, Sunday— a. Sonntag b. Samstag c. Montag » CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 5. Mareh— a. Mare b, September: ©. April 6, June— a. Juli b. Juni © Mai 7. Red— a. blau b. orange ©. rot 8. Green— a. gelb b. grin ©. graw 9, Black— a. schware b. braun c. weiss 10. Brown— a. schwarz b. ror ©. braun 11, Good moring— ‘a. Guten Morgen b. Guren Abend cc. Guten Nacht 12. Very well— a, Danke b. sehr gut ©. viel 13. Thank you— schon gut b. Danke ©. sehr schon 14, Please— ‘a. Sprechen Sie! b. danke ©, bitte 15. Good-bye— a Bis morgen b. Auf Wieder- sehen ©. Guten Tag 16. He gives— a. er gibt b. sie gibt . sie geben 17. We ae learning— a wir lernen b. Sie geben ©. wir geben 18, I don't speak— a. er spricht nicht b. ich gebe ©. ich spreche niche CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 3 19. Do you give?— 20. Do I give?— a. Geben Sie? 8. Geben Sie? b. Gibt er? b. Gebe ich? c. Gibt sie? ©. Gibt er? ANSWERS 1 2a; 3b; 4a; S—a; 6—b; 7c; 8b; 9a 10; Ta; 2b; 13, do, |S; 16—a; 17a; 18—c; 19a; 20, E, Worp Stupy Anekdote anecdote —_—Detektiv detective Patient patient Talent talent Film film Religion teligion Patriot patriot Liste list Dialekt dialect Experiment experiment LESSON 10 A. THe German DEcLeNsion In German, articles, nouns, adjectives, and pronouns ‘undergo some changes in their endings. This variation is called “declension.” There are four case declen- sions: nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. LL The nominative case is used for the subject. Das Buch ist hier. The book is here, 2. ‘The genitive case is used to denote possession, and after certain prepositions. 2 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN der Name des Lebrers the namne of the teacher (masc.) die Farbe der Biume —_the color of the flower fem.) wihrend des Tages uring the day. 3. The dative case is used for the indirect object after certain prepositions, and after certain verbs. der Mann mit dem the man with the stick Stock Der Fisch springt aus The fish jumps out of dem Wasser. the water. Er gibt dem Miidchen He gives the girl a ‘eine Puppe. oll. Wir helfen dem We help the man, Mann. Ir dankt der Frau, ‘We thank the woman. 4. The accusative case is used for the direct object and after certain prepositions. Sie halt die Feder. She is holding the pen. Er geht durch deo He walks (goes) ‘Wald. through the forest. B. THE ARTICLE In German there are three genders, masculine, femi- nine, and neuter. As already mentioned, the articles are declined in the four cases already given. 1, The definite article is declined as follows: CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN x Mase. FM neurer Nom. der die das Gea, des. der des Dat. dem der dem Ace. den die das PLURAL (ALL GENDERS) Nom. die Gea, der Dat. den ‘Acc. die 2. The indefinite article is declined as follows: Mase. Fe. NeuTER ‘Nom. ein eine ein Gen, eines einer eines Dat. einem einer einem Ace. einen eine ein C. DECLENSION OF NouNS 1 Note that the endings of nouns in the singular ‘undergo no changes except for the addition of s fr es in the genitive singular of all ncuter and ‘most masculine nouns. 2. In the plural, an n should be added to the dative of all thee genders. 1D. PLURAL oF Nouns Although many noun plurals are irregular and must be earned individually, here are some guidelines for the formation of plural nouns in German: u CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 35 1. MASCULINE NOUNS Most nouns of one syllable form their plurals by adding -e. Most masculine and all femi- nine plural nouns add an Umlaut to the stem vowel: der Hut die Hite ‘hot der Stuhl die Stithie chair der Brief die Briefe fener der Freund die Freunde friend die Frucht die Frichte fruit . Some masculine nouns end in -er and may take an Umlaut over the stem vowel: der Mann die Manner man der Geist die Geister spirit cc. Some masculine nouns with more than one syl- lable form their plural by adding -e: der Abend die Abende evening der Sonntag die Sonntage Sunday 4. Some masculine nouns ending in -e form their plural by adding an -n or -en: der Junge die Jungen boy der Mensch die Menschen person der Diplomat die Diplomaten diplomat . Masculine nouns ending in -el, -en, -er do not cchange their endings. Some take an Umiaut: der Apfel die Apfel apple der Acker die Acker acre der Lehrer die Lehrer teacher (mase-) der Kuehen die Kuchen cake der Ofen die Ofen oven 2. FEMININE NOUNS: Most feminine nouns form their plucals by add- jing -n or -en: die Tir die Tiiren door die Frage die Fragen ‘question die Zeitumg die Zeitungen newspaper b. Some add an -e or-e and an Umlaut on the last vowel: die Kenntnis ie Kenntnisse knowledge die Frucht die Friichte fit . Feminine nouns ending in -in form their plurals by adding -innen: die Artin die Arztinnen doctor die Sehilerin ie Sehilerinmen student NOTE: Feminine nouns are easily recognizable since they may end in ~, -in, -ung, ~heit-keit, and -is, die Seite side/page die Sauberkeit cleanliness die Freiheit freedom die Ubung — exercise 3. NEUTER NOUNS . Some neuter nouns form their plural by adding ver and/or an Umlaut on the stem vowel: % CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN ” as Bild die Bilder picture das Biro die Bitros office das Licht die Lichter light der Burgersteig die Biirgersteige sidewalk das Bad die Bider bath die Antwort die Antwort answer das Dorf die Dorfer village der Verkaufer die Verkaufer _ salesperson das Haus die Huser house die Stadt die Stadte city das Hemd die Hemden shirt b. Some neuter nouns add -e: der Ancug die Anzige suit der Fahrsiuhl die Fahrstihle elevator bree bes ee die Anweisung die Anweisungen direction das Brot die Brote bread ter Vertehr ‘eaic das Jahr die Jahre year ©. Some neuter nouns ending in an -e form their plural by adding -n: das Auge die Augen eye das Ohr die Ohren car 4. Neuter nouns ending im el, -er,-en, chen, len remain unchanged in the plur das Miidchen die Miidchen irl das Buchlein die Buchlein little book das Fainftel die Fuinftel fone fifth . Some nouns have only a plural form: die Ferien vacation die Leute. —_people 4. SOME NOUNS TO LEARN Singular Plural Meaning (sing.) der Herr die Herren gentleman, sic das Datum die Daten date das Gebaude die Gebitude building die Muxer die Mauer mother das Kino die Kinos movie theater E. DECLENSION OF ADJECTIVES 1. a. The possessive adjectives and the word kein (oot any) are declined like the indefinite article: das Buch meines Bruders my brother’s book Er hat keinen Hut. He has no hat. bb. An adjective used predicatively is not de- Das Wasser ist warm. The water is warm, 2. Adjectives may be declined in three ways: a. Without article or pronoun. In this case the adjective takes the same case ending as the definite article, except in the mas- culine and neuter genitive, where it takes en instead of es Mase: aM. Nom. rorer Wein rore Tinte Gen. roten Weines rower Tinte Dat. rotem Wein rower Tinte Acc. roten Wein rote Tinte ea CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN Neurer [PLURAL (ALL GENDERS) Nom. roes Gold rote Weine Gen, roten Goldes rover Weine Dat. rotem Gold roten Weinen ‘Acc. rotes Gold rote Weine Du darfat mit roter ‘You aren't allowed to Tinse nicht write with red imk. schreiben. Roten Wein trinken ‘Our guests don’t drink ‘unsere Giiste nicht. red wine, . With the definite article the adjective takes an ¢ in the following five cases: Nominative singular: masculine, feminine, and neuter. ‘Accusative singular: feminine and meuter. en in all other cases. Mase. FM Nom. der rote Wein die rote Tinte Gen, des roten Weines der roten Tinte Dat. dem roten Wein der roten Tinte ‘Acc. den roien Wein die rote Tinte NEUTER PLURAL (ALL GENDERS) Nom. das rore Gold die rowen Weine Gen. des rowm Goldes der roren Weine Dat. dem rotem Gold den rose Weinen Ace. das roie Gold die roten Weine Ich machte den roten I'd like the red wine. Wein. Er kommt mit dem ro- He arrives with the red ten Heft an. notebook. . Since the indefinite article has no ending in the ‘masculine end newter nominative and in the neu- CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN. » ter accusative, in these cases the adjective takes the ending of the definite article. In the nomi- native and accusative feminine, it takes an e; in all other cases en. Mase eM Nom, ein roter Wein seine rote Tinte Gen, eines roten Weines seiner roten Tinte Dat. einem roten Wein seiner roten Tinte ‘Acc. einen roten Wein seine rote Tinte eure PLURAL (ALL GENDERS) Nom. tein rates Gold meine roten Weine Gen. eines roten Goldes meiner roten Weine Dat. einem roten Gold meinen roten Weinen ‘Ace, ein rotes Gold —_meine roten Weine Ein roter Wein wiirde A red wine would taste gut schmecken, ‘200d. Meine roten Weine sind My ted wines are the die feinsten. finest F. COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE 1, The comparative and the superiative are formed as in English by adding er for the comparative and st (or est) for the superlative to the adjec- tive. Some short adjectives also take an Umlaut ©) on their vowel. schlecht, schlechier, schlechtest bad, worse, worst alt, alter, rest cold, older, oldest 2, *“Than’* is translated by als. 3, The superlative is declined. 4, There are a few adjectives which have an irreg- CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN ular comparative. Here are the most common ‘ones: gern lieber der (die, das) gladly, prefera- liebste, am bly, like the liebsten mont ‘gut besser der (die, das) good, better, best besie, am besien gross grosser der (die, das) big, bigger, big- grasste, am gest ‘prassten hoch hoher der (die, das) high, higher, ‘nchste, am highest ‘héchsten nah niiher der (die, das) close, closer, andichste, am closest nichsten viel mehr der (die, das) ‘much, more, the meiste, am ‘most meisten 5. Examples: Das Miidchen ist ‘The girl is smaller than Kleiner als der the boy. Junge. London ist die grésste London is the largest Stadt in Europa, city in Europe. G. PREPOSITIONS 1. The following prepositions always take the gen- itive: CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN a wéshrend during wegen because of ‘att, anstatt instead of troiz despite walhrend des Krieges during the war wegen der Leute because of the people ‘anstatt einer Feder instead of pen trotz der Kate despite the cold 2, The following always govern the accusative: durch through, by Sir for even against, toward ohne ‘without won round, about, at (time) ‘durch die Stads ‘through the city itr den Mann for the man ‘gegen den Krieg against the war ‘ohne einen Lehrer ‘without a teacher wm den See around the lake 3. The following always govern the dative: aus from, out of ‘ausser except for bei by, near amit with after, to (place) since of, by, from 2 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN aus der Schule out of, from school ausser den Gasten ‘except for the guests bei meinen Elrern ‘at my parents’ mit guter Appetit with 8 good appetite nach dem Frithsilick after breakfast seit einem Jahr for (since) one year von dem Hafen from the port zu den Freunden to the friends: gegeniiber der Post ‘across from the post office The following take the accusative if they denote mo- tion toward a place. In this case they are used in reply to the question, ““Wohin2"” (Where to?) But they also ‘can take the dative if they denote rest (or motion) at a place, In this latter case they are used in reply to the Question, “Wo?” (Where?) an at, 0 auf (on, upon, in hhinter behind in in, into, at rneben beside, near ther over, across wouer under, among vor before, ago zwischen between ‘an die Ecke to the comer dan der Ecke a the corner ‘auf dem Land in the countryside hhinter der Hotel behind the hovel in dem Wasser in the water eben der Kirche next to the church iWber den Wolken over the clouds unter dem Daich under the roof vor dem Rathaus before the town hall zwischen den Schultern between the shoulders CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN “a Some of the above prepositions may be contracted with the definite article in the following way: am for an dem im for in dem beim for ‘bei dem vom for von dem zur for udem zur for mu der ins for in das ans for an das Examples: Wo liegt Rom? Where does Rome lie? Rom liegt am Tiber. Rome lies on the Tiber. Wohin fahren Sie Where are you going heute? today? Teh fabre an den Tam going to the Strand. beach. Wo steht die Lampe? Where is the lamp standing? ‘Auf dem Tisch. On the table, Wohin gehen die Where are the tourists Touristen? oing? Sie gehen auf das ‘They are going to the ‘Schiff, ship. Wo liegt der Garten? Where is the garden located? Hinter dem Haus. Behind the house. Wohin stellen Sie den Where are you putting Schirm? the umbrella? Hinter die Tur. Behind the door. Wo wohnt Herr ‘Where does Mr. Muller Miller? live? CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN Er wolint in dieser Strasse. Wohin gehen die Leute? Sie gehen ins Kino, Wig Ga - wes erade ter den Bergen. ‘Wohin laufen die Kinder? Sie laufen ber die Briieke. Wo ist die Katze? ‘Unter dem Bett, ‘Wohin legt er das Heft? Er legt es unter das Lineal. Wo ist der Brunnen? Vor dem Schloss, Wohin tragen Sie den Koffer? Vor das Hotel. Wo liegt Laxemburg? Es liegt zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich, Wohin legen Sie den Bileistift? ‘Zwrischen die Seiten des Buches, He lives in this street. Where are the people ‘Where is the plane fly- ing? It is now flying over the mountains. Where are the children running? ‘They are running over the bridge, ‘Where is the cat? Under the bed. Where is he putting the notebook? He is putting it under the nuler. ‘Where is the fountain? In front of the caste. Where are you carrying the suitcase? In front of the hotel. Where is Luxemburg located? It is located between CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 4s LESSON 11 A. WHERE? ‘Verzeihung, mein Excuse me, si, Herr. where is ‘Where is it? the hotel B, Here AND THERE. hier dort dort draben ‘Welche Richtung ist es? Where is the hotel? ‘Where is the nestau- rani? ‘Where is the tele- ? Could you tell me ....? Can you tell me ...? Can you tell me where the telephone is? Can you tell me where the (railroad) station is? here there over there Which way is it? 4% CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN hier entlang dort entlang, hier hinunter In die/der Richtung dort hinunter Das ist dort entlang. Es ist nicht hier. Es ist nicht dort. Es ist hier. Es ist nicht hier, Es ist dort. Es ist dort driiben. Es ist dort oben. Er ist hier. ‘Komen Sie hier! Bleiben Sie hier! Warten Sie dort. Gehen Sie hier ent- lang! Gehen Sie dort ent- ‘Legen Sie es hierhis Legen Sie es dorthin! C. Tere dort, da Ist er in Paris? Ja, er ist dort. Ist Paul da? Ja, er ist da. Fahri er nach Frank fart? Ja, er fahrt dorthin. this way that way down this way ‘over that way in that direction It's over that way. It's not here. It’s not there. It's here, W's not here, It’s there. It’s over there. it’s up there He's here. ‘Come here. Stay here. ‘Wait there. Go this way. Go that way. Who's there? ut it (over) here. Put it (over) there. there Is he in Paris? Yes, he is (there). Is Paul there? Yes, he's there. Is he going to Frank- fun? Yes, he's going there, CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 2 Jeh fakre dorthin. I'm going there. Ich will nicht dorthin don’t want to go fahren. there, Ich wohne dort I live there. D. To THE Ricut, Erc. rechts to the right Tinks to the left rechts von Thnen to your right zu Threr linken {to your left auf der linken Seite ‘on your left Das ist rechts. It's to the right. Das ist links. It's to the left Biegen Sie rechts ab, Tum right. Biegen Sie links ab. Turn left. Gehen Sie geradeaus. Keep straight on. Das ist geradeaus, It’s straight ahead. Gehen Sie geradeaus. Go straight ahead. Es ist direkt gegeniiber. It’s directly opposite. Es ist weiter oben. Its farther up. Es ist weiter unten. It's below (farther down). Es ist an der Ecke, I's on the comer. E. NEAR AND FAR nah near nah bet near here sehr nahe ‘very near; quite close ‘in der Nithe des Denk- near the monument ‘mals in der Nihe der near the main street Hauptstrasse in seiner Nahe near him Es ist sehr nah. Ik’s very near. “ CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN Es ist ganz in der It's very near here. Nithe, welt far Ist es weit bis dort- hin? Es ist weit. Es ist nicht weit. Das ist weit von hier. Quins 1. Rénnen Sie mir sagen, wo das Telefon ist? 2. Wo befinder sich das Hoel? 3. Das ist hier entlang. 4, Das ist sgeradeaus. S. Das ist cur rechten. 6. Er woknt dort 7. Waren Sie dont 8. Gehen Sie hier entlang! 9. Biegen Sie links abi 10. Das ist direkt gegenilber! I, Das ist nicht weit. Is it far to get there? It's far, It's not far. ‘That's far from here. a. It’s this way. b. It's to the right, Turn left 4. That's directly oppo- site, e. It’s straight ahead. £ Can you tell me ‘where the telephone is? 1g. Where is the hotel? (Where is the hotel situated?) th He lives there, 4. Thats riot here i. Stay bere. k, Wait there! CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 12. Legen Sie es dort- 1, Go this way! hint 13, Das ist niche m, Who's there? hier. 14. Bleiben Sie hier! n, Put it there. 15. Wer ise dort? 0. He's not far. ANSWERS, 12g; 3a; 4; S—b; 6b; 7k; 8-59-65 10—4; 119; 12; 13; 14—j; 15m. LESSON 12 A. To Be or Nor To Be: Sew tam {eh bin Tam du bist you are er ist ihe is sie ist she is es ist itis wir sind we are Shr seid you are Sie sind you are sie sind they are 2. Lam not ich bin nicht Tam not du bist nieht you are not cer ist nicht he is not 2 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN s sie ist nicht she is not 6. Study these examples: 3 ist nicht itis not wir sind nicht ‘we are-not eh bin Amerikaner. I'm (an) American, itr seid nicht {you are not Teh bin im Zimmer. ['m in the room, Sie sind micht {you are not Teh bin im Hotel. T'm at the hotel. sie sind nicht they are not Er ist hier. He's here. Sie sind hier. ‘They're here. 3. Bet Sie sind dort driben. They're over there. Teh bin bereit. I'm ready. Scien Siet Re! Sie ist bereit. She's ready. Seien Sie ruhig! Be quiet. Don't worry! Sie sind bereit. ‘They're ready. Sokeste Sind Sle sicher, mein Are you certain, sir? Binich? = Am I? Bist du? Are you? Ist er? Is he? Ist sie? Is she? Ist es? Isie? Sind wir? Are we? Seid ihr? Are you? Sind Sie? Are you? Sind sie? Are they? 5. Where am 1? Wo bin ich? Wo bist du? Wo ist er? Wo ist sie? Wo ist es? Wo sind wir? Wo seid ir? Wo sind Sie? Wo sind sie? ‘Herr? Sind Sie sicher, meine Are you certain, Dame? madam? Sind Sie sicher, mein Are you certain, miss? Sind Sie sicher, meine Are you certain, gentle- Herren? ‘men? Sind Sie sicher, meine Are you certain, ladies? Sind Sie Englinder? Are you English? Ja, ich bin Englinder. Yes, I'm English. Nein, ich bin nicht No, I'm not English, Engliinder. Wie spiit ist es? ‘What time is it? Wo sind Sie her? Where are. you from? eh bin aus Berlin. T'm from Bertin, B. My, Your, His, Exc, The possessive adjectives are declined like the ar- ticle ein. 2 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN MASCULINEAEUTER Wo sind thre Bilcher? Where are her books? Wo sind Ihre Bicher? Where are your (pol. Wo ist mein Buch? Where is my book? sing.) books? ‘Wo ist dein Buch? ‘Where. is, your (fam) ‘Wo sind unsere ‘Where are our books? book? Biicher? ‘Wo ist sein Buch? ‘Where is his book? Wo sind eure Biicher?/ Where are your (fam.) ‘Wo ist ihr Buch? Where is her book? books? Wo ist tar Buch? Where is your (pol. Wo sind Thre Bacher? Where are your (pol sing.) book? pl.) books? Wo ist thr Buch? ‘Where is their book? Wo sind ihre Biicher? Where are their books? FEMININE ‘Wo ist meine Feder? Where is my pen? Wo ist deine Feder? Wage as Wo ist seine Feder? Wher sis pea? ‘Wo ist ihre Feder? Where is ber pen? Wo ist thre Feder? Where is your (pol. sing.) pen? Wo ist unsere Feder? Where is our pen? Wo ist eure Feder? Wes a ‘Wo ist thre Feder? whee sor ty pen? Wo ist ihre Feder? ‘Where is their pen? PLURAL Wo sind meine Where are my books? Biicher? Wo sind deine ‘Where are your (fam.) Biicher? books? Wo sind seine ‘Where are his books? NNote that the endings of the plural of the personal pronouns remain the same regardless of the gender of the noun. Wo sind meine Fed- ern? Wo sind deine Fed- ern? Wo sind seine Fed- ern? Wo sind thre Federn? Wo sind thre Feder? Wo sind unsere Fed- ern? Wo sind eure Federn? Wo sind thre Federn? Wo sind ihre Federn? Where are my pens? Where are your (fam) pens? Where are his pens? Where are your (pol. sing.) pens? Where are her pens? Where are our pens? Where are your (fam.) pens? Where are your (pol. pl) pens? Where are their pens? Ea CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN quiz s Wo sind Sie her? a. What time is it? 1 2. Wie spit ist es? —_‘b. Where are you from? 3. Br ist hier ©. Where is he? 4 ch bin bere 4. Where is her etter? 5. Sind Sie sicher? _—_&. They are ready. 6. Wo ist er? Where are their books? 7. Wo ist thr Brief? —_g. Tm ready. 8, Wo sind ihre th I'm atthe hotel. Blicher? 9. Sie sind bereit. 4, Are you certain? 10. Seien Sie ruhig He's here. 1. feh bin im Hotel. ik. I'm (an) American. 12. Ich bin Ameri- 1. Be quiet. aner. 13. Teh bin nichi be- mm. Pm from Bertin ret 14. Wir sind hier. 1, P'm not ready. 15. Ich bin aus Ber- 0, We are here. lin, ANSWERS 1b, 2a; 35; 4g: Si, 6c, I, BF Pg, 10, 11h; 12k; 13—n; 140; 15m. (C. Worn Stupy: CoGNATES Instruktion (die) instruction cenergisch energetic Instrument (das) instrument Regiment (das) regiment Violine (die) violin Palast (der) palace CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN 55 Terrasse (die) national Sardine (die) Skandal (der) LESSON 13 A. Iv ls, Taar Is Es ist gut. W's good. Das ist gut. ‘That's good. Das ist nicht gut. It's not good. Das ist in Ordinung. It’s (thats) all right. (it’s in order.) Das ist nicht im Ord- It's not very good ‘nung. (nice). e's not right (Gait). Das ist schlecht Ws bad. Das ist nicht sehlecht. It's not bad. Das ist klein. W's small. Das ist gross. ts big. Das ist nichts. W's nothing, Das ist schwer. It’s hard (difficult. Das ist leicht. It's easy. Das ist sehr leicht. It’s very easy. Das ist leicht genug. _It’s easy enough. Das ist leichter. it’s easier. Das ist weniger It’s less difficult, schwer, Das ist weit. It's far. Das ist nicht sehr It’s not very far. weit. 56 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN Das ist in der Nahe. It's near here. Das ist sehr in der W's very near here. ‘Niihe. Das ist wenig, W's (a) little, Das ist zu wenig, I's too little. Das ist genug. I's enough, Das ist viel. Ts a lot Das ist dan. Ws there. Das ist nicht dort It's not there, Das ist hier enalang. It’s this way Das ist dort entlang. It’s that way. Das ist fiir mich. It's for me. Das ist fiir dich. W's for you (fam). Das ist fir ihn. 1's for hira, Das ist fir sie It’s for her. Das isi fir Sie. 1s for you (pol. sing. and pl). Das ist fr uns. It's for us. Das isi fr euch, It's for you (fam. pl.). Das ist fir sie. Its for them. Das ist nicht fr sie. It's not for them, Das ist fr die Kinder. W's for the children. Das ist es. That's it B. ASKING 4 Question I 1. In German, a question is usually formed by placing the verb before the subject: STATEMENT: Er geht heute He's going to ins Kino, the movies to~ day. CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN a QUESTION: —Geht er heute Is be going to ins Kino? the movies to- day? 2. A question may also be formed by leaving the ‘word order the same as in a statement and add- {ng a question mark. In this ease, the intonation Of the speaker rises and the question is intended to show surprise. Er geht heute ins He's going to the mov- Kino? ies today? 3. Im German statements, the subject comes before the verb. Questions usually have “inverted sword order” (the verb comes before the sub- ject), as you leamed earlier. ‘When question words (interrogatives) are used, the verb remains in second position in the sentence and procedes the subject: Wer kommt um zehn Who's coming at ten Uhr? o'clock? ‘Wohin first du Where are you travel- ‘heute nachmittag? ing to this afternoon? 4, More questions: Ist es das? 1s ic tha’? Bs it this? Das ist es? ‘That is it? Das ist wahr. It’s tue. ‘Das ist wahr? Is it tue? Wo ist es? Where is it? Sind Sic bereit? ‘Are you ready? 2 CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN Sind sie bereit? ‘Are they ready? ‘Kommen Sie? ‘Are you coming? Haben Sie Zigaretten? Do you have any ciga- eties? Haben Sie Feuer? Do you have a light? Sprechen Sie Eng- Do you speak English? Sprechen Sie ‘Do you speak German? ‘Asien (das) Asin ——_Lektion (die) lesson alt old Nase (die) nose Feld (das) fick’. “Bar (der) bear Alpen (die) ‘Alps ‘Tiger (der) tiger August (der) August Elefant (der) elephant LESSON 14 A. To Have AND Have Norv: Hasew 1. Thave ich habe T have du hast ‘you have er hat he has wir haben we have ihr habt you have Sie haben you have sie haben they have CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN. 2. I.don’t have lich habe nicht du hast nicht er hat nicht wir haben nicht thr habt nicht Sie haben nicht sie haben nicht 3. Study these phrases: eh habe etwas. eh habe nichts. Teh habe Geld. Ich habe genug Geld. ech habe kein Geld. Ich habe genug Zelt. ‘Sie haben keine Zeit. Ich habe Hunger. Er hat Hunger. Ich habe Durst. Kr hat recht. Er hat unrecht. Sie haben recht. Sie hat Angst. Teh habe Zahnschmerzen, Sie hat Kopf. sehmerzen, 1 don’t have, V haven't you don't have, etc. fhe doesn’t have wwe don’t have you don't have yoo don't have they don’t have have something. I've ‘got something. T have nothing. I don't have anything. ‘There's nothing wrong with me. have money. Thave enough money. T have no money. I haven't any money, have enough time. ‘They don't have any time, 1m hungry. He's hungry. Pm thirsty. He's right, He's wrong. You're right She's afraid. Thave a toothache. ‘She has a headache. « CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN a 4. Do have? Haben Sle Zigaretten? Do you have any cigaretes? habe ich? do T have? ‘Haben Ste Feuer? Do you have a light? rast du? do you have? Haben Sie ein Streich- Do you have a match? hat er? does he have? holz? Inaben wir? do we have? Haben Sie einen Do you have « map of habe ihr? do you have? Stadtpian? the city? hhaben Sie? do you have (pol)? Was haben Sie? ‘Whats the matter with hhaben sie? ‘do they have? you?

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