Communication Systems

INDEX

SR.NO TOPIC PG.NO

1 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 1-2
2 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 3-4
3 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 5-6
4 EXAMPLES OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 7
5 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 8
6 CONCLUSION 9
7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10
 What are Communication Systems

The communication system is a system which describes the information exchange

between two points. The process of transferring the information between two points
is called communication. The process of transmission and reception of information is
called communication. The major elements of communication are the Transmitter of
information, Channel or medium of communication and the Receiver of
information. A communications system or communication system is a collection of
individual telecommunications networks, transmission systems, relay stations,
tributary stations, and terminal equipment usually capable of interconnection and
interoperation to form an integrated whole.

1
 Introduction to Communication Systems

Communication system is a system model that describes a communication

exchange between two stations, transmitter and receiver. Signals or information
passes from source to distention through what is called channel, which represents a
way that signal use it to move from source toward destination. To transmit signals in
a communication system, it must be first processed by several stages, beginning
from signal representation, to signal shaping until encoding and modulation. After
preparing the transmitted signal, it passed to the transmission line of channel and
due signal crossing this media it faces many impairments such noise, attenuation
and distortion. This note gives a brief concept about transmission line calculation and
also provides an idea about communication system impairments with an example for
each one. The note also provides an introduction to data communication with simple
ideas of data processing.

2
 Elements of Communication Systems

The essential components of a communication system are information source, input

transducer, transmitter, communication channel, receiver and destination.
Information source:
Communication systems basically serve to communicate a message, and this is in
the form of a word, group of words, code or symbol and out of all these a desired
message is to be communicated and therefore this is the function of an information
source to produce the required message which has to be transmitted.
Input transducer:
Its main function is the conversion of one form of energy into another form, in a case
if the message produced by an information source is not in electrical nature, then an
input transducer converts it in the form of an electric signal.
Transmitter:
This is used to process the electrical signal from different aspects means the
processing of signals like restriction of range of audio frequencies, amplification and
modulation of signal in order to ease the transmission of signal through the channel.

3
 Elements of Communication Systems

The Channel and the Noise:

Channel means the medium through which message travels from transmitter to
receiver or we can say it provides a physical connection between the transmitter and
receiver.
Channels are of two types, one is point to point for example wire lines, microwave
links and optical fibers and other is broadcast channel which provides a capability
where several receiving stations can be reached simultaneously from a single
transmitter for example, a satellite in geostationary orbit which covers about one third
of earth's surface.
Receiver:
The purpose of the receiver is to reproduce the message signal in electrical form
from the distorted received signal.

Destination:
Now destination is the last stage where the electrical message signal is converted
into its original form like in radio broadcasting the destination is a loudspeaker who
works as a transducer means it converts the electrical signal in the form of original
sound signal.

4
 Types of Communication Systems

Depending on Signal specification or technology, the communication system is

classified as follows:
(1) Analog
 Analog technology communicates data as electronic signals of varying
frequency or amplitude. Broadcast and telephone transmission are common
examples of Analog technology. The analog system conveys the information
from the audio, video and pictures between two points using the analogue
signals. A sinusoidal signal is an example of an analogue communication
system.

 (2) Digital
In digital technology, the data are generated and processed in two states: High
(represented as 1) and Low (represented as 0). Digital technology stores and
transmits data in the form of 1s and 0s. The Digital communication has become
very important in the age of the internet. It is a physical exchange of information
between two points discreetly. The information exchange happens through digital
signals.

5
 Types of Communication Systems

Depending on the communication channel, the communication system is categorized

as follows:

1. Wired (Line communication)

 Parallel wire communication
 Twisted wire communication
 Coaxial cable communication
 Optical fibre communication

2. Wireless (Space communication)

 Ground wave communication
 Skywave communication
 Space wave communication
 Satellite communication


6
 Examples of Communication Systems

The following are a few examples

of communication systems:

1. Internet
2. Public Switched Telephone network
3. Intranet and Extranet
4. Television Cable
5. Computer
6. Mobile Phone

7
 Historical Development

YEAR EVENT

 1844 TELEGRAPH
 1876 TELEPHONE
 1904 AM RADIO
 1923 TELEVISION
 1936 FM RADIO
 1962 SATELLITE
 1966 INTERNET
 1972 CELLULAR TELEPHONE


8
 Conclusion

Even after all the advantages communication systems have there are limitations to
communication systems.
Limitation of Communication Systems:
Rigidity: Communication models are rigid in nature. Communication is an ever-
changing process. So, the ever-changing process of communication cannot
always be presented in a rigid model.
Non-inclusion of some aspects: In a communication model, only the important
aspects of the communication process are included, and less important aspects
are ignored. But in some cases, these unimportant aspects become important.
Lack of detailed explanation: Communication model represents the
communication process through symbols. Elaborate explanation is not always
available in the communication model
Non-availability of experts: Another limitation in developing a communication
model is that expert hands are not always available. As a result, development of
time befitting model is difficult.
Requirement of Skilled Manpower: The development of communication model
requires skilled manpower. Such manpower may not be available always.

9
BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.britannia.com
www.byjus.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.gradesup.com

10
THANK YOU
 
