Destination Geography - Other Major Tourism Regions

Enriching Knowledge for the SS Tourism and
Hospitality Studies Series:
Other Major Tourism Regions (New)
高中旅遊與款待課程知識增益系列：
地理名勝 –其他主要旅遊區域 (新辦)
Dr Dave CHAN 陳駿輝博士

Instructor 香港理工大學酒店及
School of Hotel and Tourism Management 旅遊業管理學院導師
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Our Agenda Today
14:30 – 16:50 主要旅遊區域 Major Tourism Regions
亞洲 –馬來西亞及泰國 Asia – Malaysia and Thailand
非洲 – 摩洛哥、南非及突尼斯 Africa – Morocco, South Africa and Tunisia
歐洲 – 法國、意大利及西班牙 Europe – France, Italy and Spain
中東 – 迪拜、埃及及沙特阿拉伯 Middle East – Dubai, Egypt and Saudi Arabia
北美洲–加拿大、墨西哥及美國
North America – Canada, Mexico and the United States
大洋洲 – 澳洲、新西蘭及巴布亞新幾內亞
Oceania – Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea
南美洲 – 阿根廷、巴西及智利 South America – Argentina, Brazil and Chile
16:50 – 17:00 小休 Break
17:00 – 17:30 各目的地在後疫情時代的重新發展
Destinations’ Redevelopment in the Post-pandemic Era
Major Tourism Regions
3.1 Major Tourism Regions 主要旅遊區域
The World Top Ten Destinations
International Tourism Highlights, 2020 Edition

3.1 Major Tourism Regions
The World Top Ten Destinations
Source: Wikimedia
3.1 Major Tourism Regions 主要旅遊區域
Region Country Region Country

Asia Malaysia North America Canada
Thailand Mexico
United States
Africa Morocco Oceania (Pacific) Australia

South Africa New Zealand
Tunisia Papua New Guinea
Europe France South America Argentina

Italy Brazil
Spain Chile
Middle East Dubai

Egypt
Saudi Arabia
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Malaysia
Location Peninsular Malaysia is separated from the states of Sabah and Sarawak by the South China Sea. To the north of
Peninsular Malaysia is Thailand while its southern neighbour is Singapore. Sabah and Sarawak are bounded by
Indonesia while Sarawak also shares a border with Brunei.
Area 329,847sq km GDP US$372,754

Capital Kuala Lumpur GDP – Per Capita US$10,995
Population 25,000,000 Travelling Visa No visa is required for HKSAR passport
holders. Duration of stay up to 1 month.
Language Malay Accessibility Well development highway system.
Taxis are the best form of transportation in
the cities.
Time UTC/GMT +8 Tourism natural and Natural scenery and modern architecture.
difference human resources
Climate Tropical Tourist Season May to December
Currency Malaysian Ringgit (MYR) Peak Tourist Season May to December
Tourism Tourism contributing around US$19.8 Health Cholera and malaria are the major concerns.
Industry billion in 2019 to the country's GDP.
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Malaysia
Major Attractions Tourism Characteristics

• City Excitement
• Petronas Twin Towers (雙子星塔), Kuala Lumpur
• The world's tallest twin structures • Island Life
• Complex of office buildings, conference halls, a
sprawling park and an upmarket shopping
• Adventure
complex
• Cultural and Heritage
• St. Paul's Hill (A'Famosa), Melaka (馬六甲聖保羅堂)
• The Portuguese colonised Melaka from 1511 to
1641
• Turtle Island Park, Sabah (沙巴海龜島國家公園)

• Uninhabited islands lying in the Sulu Sea, off the
east coast of Sabah
• The Tree Top Walk, Kedah (吉打雙溪西林樹頂步道)

• The 950m-long Tree Top Walk in the Sedim River
Recreation Park is the longest canopy walk in the
world
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Thailand
Location Located in the center of Southeast Asia. A mountainous border with Myanmar to the north and west; a long stretch of the
Mekong River separating Thailand from Laos to the north and east; and the Mekong River and the Phanom Dang Raek
mountain delineating the border of Cambodia to the east; Stretching down the Malaysian peninsula.
Area 514,000 sq km GDP US$513,165

Capital Bangkok GDP – Per Capita US$7,439
Population 68,000,000 Travelling Visa No visa is required for HKSAR passport holders. Duration
of stay up to 30 days
Language Thai Accessibility Thailand travel is convenient for visitors as there are many
ways to get to Thailand by bus, air, or rail, whether your
destination is Bangkok, Phuket, Chiang Mai, or the most
remote provinces.
Time UTC/GMT +7 Tourism natural and Cultural attractions including ancient temples and palace.
difference human resources Natural scenery
Entertainment including theme parks and shopping
Climate Tropical climate Tourist Season Year round
Currency Baht (THB) Peak Tourist Season November to May
Tourism Tourism contributing around US$59.8 Health Malaria is a concern
Industry billion in 2019 to the country's GDP.
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Thailand
Major Destinations/ Attractions
• Bangkok (曼谷)
• Wat Arun (The Temple of Dawn), a 79-metre-tall massive central pagoda
• Chatuchak Weekend Market
• Siam Paragon
• Chiang Mai (清邁)

• Cooking schools for Thai cuisine
• Phuket (布吉島), Pattaya (芭堤雅), Hua Hin (華欣)
• Resort destinations for beaches, water sports, diving and snorkeling
• Quality resorts and villas for vacation
Tourism Characteristics
• Culture
• Water sports
• Spa & meditation
• Adventure
• Golf
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Morocco
Location Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara
Area 446,550 sq km GDP US$131,465

Capital Rabat GDP – Per Capita US$3394
Population 32,000,000 Travelling Visa No visa is required for HKSAR passport holders.
Duration of stay up to 30 days
Language Arabic and Berber Accessibility Morocco has an excellent road and rail
infrastructure that links the major cities and
tourist destinations with ports, cities and
international airports
Time UTC/GMT Tourism natural and Focused on the country’s culture and history such
difference human resources as ancient Roman, Islamic and coastal cities.
Climate Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in Tourist Season February through September
the interior
Currency Dirham (MAD) Peak Tourist Season July and August
Tourism Tourism contributing around $8.2 billion in Health Pay attention to disease alerts issued by WHO
Industry 2019 to the country's GDP.
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Morocco
• Casablanca (卡薩布蘭卡)
• French-colonial design with the traditional Moroccan style
• Meknes (梅克內斯)
• The Ninth-century medina that reflects Morocco’s culture
• Asilah (艾西拉)
• Sandy Beaches And Prolonged City Walls
• Essaouira (索維拉)
• Season three of Game of Thrones was shot
• History
• Culture
• Deserts and oases
• Beaches
• Adventure
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – South Africa
Location Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa
Area 1,219,090 sq km GDP US$418,020

Capital Pretoria (Administrative) GDP – Per Capita US$6392
Language Afrikaans, English Accessibility There are 3 major international airports in South
Africa. South Africa has an extensive road
infrastructure including national highways and
secondary roads
Time UTC/GMT +2 Tourism natural and Strong on adventure, sport, nature and wildlife
difference human resources travel and is a pioneer and global leader in
responsible tourism
Climate Mostly semiarid; Subtropical along east Tourist Season Year round
coast
Currency Rand (ZAR) Peak Tourist Season July and January
Tourism Tourism contributing around $8.4 billion in Health Most of South Africa is malaria-free, but always
Industry 2019 to the country's GDP. check with the game reserves you're planning to
visit and take precautions if necessary.
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – South Africa
• Amphitheatre, Drakensberg (德拉肯斯堡公園)
• Highest mountain range in Southern Africa, rising to 3,482 meters (11,420 ft) in
height
• The Garden Route (花園大道)
• A trove of indigenous canopied forests, mountains, rivers, tranquil lakes and
golden beaches
• Blyde River Canyon (布莱德河峡谷)
• Third largest canyon in the world
• Durban Beaches (德班海灘)
• Remarkably clean and safe, often compared to
Miami Beach
• Colonial culture
• Beaches
• Natural scenery and Wild life
• Adventure
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Tunisia
Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Area 163,170 sq km GDP US$131,465

Capital Tunis GDP – Per Capita US$3394
Duration of stay up to 3 months
Language Arabic (official) Accessibility An excellent light rail system, especially at north
region.
Good domestic air transport’s network.
International air transport network connecting
with Europe and other North African states.
Time UTC/GMT +1 Tourism natural and Historical ruins such as Roman-Carthage.
difference human resources Beaches
Climate Temperate in north; desert in south Tourist Season Year round
Currency Tunisian dinars (TND) Peak Tourist Season July and August
Tourism Tourism contributing around $2.1 billion in Health General health risk is low.
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Tunisia
Major Destinations/ Attractions Tourism Characteristics
• Hammamet Beach (哈瑪麥德) • History
• The most developed tourist zones in the • Beaches
country, a premium resort destination
• Culture
• Musee de Guellala (傑爾巴島)
• History museum of the Tunisian culture. Offers
wax figure scenes of traditional life in Djerba
including depictions of traditional marriage
• Medina of Hammamet (阿拉伯人聚居區)
• Oldest urban structure of the Arab-Muslim
lifestyle
• Sandy Beaches And Prolonged City Walls
• Clean surroundings and the old walled cities
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - France
Location Bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the
Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain
Area 643,801 sq km GDP US$2,935,488

Capital Paris GDP – Per Capita US$42,321
Language French Accessibility Transportation of France relies on public
transportation such as rail, underground rails and
buses on the road
Inter-continental rail to other European countries
Time UTC/GMT +2 Tourism natural and Historical architectures, arts and cultural
difference human resources activities.
Natural scenery including visiting vineyards.
Climate Moderate Maritime; Continental and Tourist Season Year round
Mediterranean
Currency Euros (EUR) Peak Tourist Season April to Mid-September
Tourism Tourism contributing around $63.5 billion Health General health risk is low
Industry in 2019 to the country's GDP.
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - France
• Paris (巴黎)
• Eiffel Tower, The Arc de Triomphe, The Louvre Museum, Notre Dame Cathedral, Palace
of Versailles, Champs Elysees
• Loire Valley (盧瓦爾河谷)
• UNESCO World Heritage Site
• Chateau and vineyards
• Bordeaux, Champagne and Burgundy
• (波爾多, 香檳地區, 勃艮地)
• Wine tourism
• Rhône-Alpes (羅納-阿爾卑斯大區)
• Mountain resorts, lakes, outdoor activities
• Riviera (蔚藍海岸) (Nice, Cannes, Monte Carlo)

• Beaches, luxury resorts, casinos
• Rich natural resources – coastline, rivers, mountains
• History and culture
• Wine and dine
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – Italy
Location Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia
Area 301,230 sq km GDP US$2,101,276

Capital Rome GDP – Per Capita US$33,598
Language Italian Accessibility Italy has an excellent air and railway services for
both domestic and international cities.
Good local public transportation system
Time UTC/GMT +2 Tourism natural and Cultural attractions including cultural activities and
difference human resources Historical architectures
Natural scenery including ski resorts.
Climate Predominantly Mediterranean Tourist Season Year round
Alpine in the far north
Currency Euros (EUR) Peak Tourist Season April to Mid-October
Tourism Tourism contributing around $49.6 billion Health General health risks are low.
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – Italy
• Rome (羅馬)
• The Colosseum (羅馬競技場), The Forum (古羅馬廣場), The Vatican (梵蒂岡), Trevi Fountain (特萊維噴泉)
• Venice (威尼斯)
• The Bridge of Sighs (嘆息橋), St. Mark Square (聖馬可廣場), Doge’s Palace (總督宮)
• Florence (佛羅倫薩)
• The Duomo (聖母百花大教堂), Statue of David, Pisa Leaning Tower (比薩斜塔)
• Milan (米蘭)
• The Duomo (米蘭大教堂), Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II (艾曼紐二世迴廊)
• Naples (拿坡里)
• Mt. Vesuvius (維蘇威火山), Amalfi Coast (阿瑪菲海岸) and Pompeii (龐貝古城)
• Natural scenery – Lakes, beaches and mountains
• Gourmet and wine tourism
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Spain
Location Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, and Pyrenees
Mountains; southwest of France
Area 505,900 sq km GDP US$1,426,224

Capital Madrid GDP – Per Capita US$28,901
Language Spanish Accessibility Public transportation is good in most cities.
Madrid and Barcelona both have good subway
systems.
Time UTC/GMT +2 Tourism natural and Cultural attractions including historical cities and
difference human resources art museums.
Natural scenery such as beaches.
Climate Moderate Maritime and Dry Tourist Season March through September
Currency Euros (EUR) Peak Tourist Season July to September
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Spain
• Madrid (馬德里)
• The Prado (普拉多博物館) – one of the world’s greatest museums
• Toledo (托雷多古城) - capital of Spanish Crown until 1563
• UNWTO Headquarters (世界旅遊組織總部)
• Barcelona (巴塞羅那)
• Catalonia culture (加泰隆尼亞文化), Picasso (畢卡索 )and Gaudi
(高迪), football
• The Ramblas (蘭布拉大道)- Fine music and food
• Balearic Islands (巴利阿里群島)
• Mallorca (馬略卡島), Menorca (梅諾卡島), Ibiza (伊維薩島), and
Formentera (福門特拉島)
• Major destination for European from the north
• Low-priced (vs France and Italy)
• Beaches and coastline
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – Dubai (UAE)
Location UAE located on the Arabian Peninsula bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia.
Dubai is one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates.
Dubai is located on the southern shore of the Arabian Gulf.
Area 1,610 sq km GDP US$409,967

Capital Abu Dhabi GDP – Per Capita US$41,842
Language Arabic (Official) Accessibility Dubai airport is one of the most important hub in
the world.
Dubai has an extensive city rail system.
Time UTC/GMT +4 Tourism natural and Natural scenery such as mysterious desert;
difference human resources cultural attraction such as mosques;
Man-made attractions such as shopping malls
and theme-parks.
Climate Sub-tropical; arid climate Tourist Season October to May
Currency Dirham (AED) Peak Tourist Season November to March
Tourism Tourism contributing around $38.4 billion Health General health risks are low
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – Dubai (UAE)
• Burj Khalifa (哈利法塔)
• The world’s tallest tower
• The Dubai Fountains & Dubai Mall
• Burj al Arab (帆船飯店)
• Icon of Dubai tourism
• Atlantis the Palm (棕櫚島亞特蘭蒂斯酒店)
• Resort island
• Abu Dhabi and the Grand Mosque (阿布達比大清真寺)
• Old souks (杜拜市集)

• The market of the ancient trade port
• Luxury man-made wonders
• Desert dunes
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Egypt
Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan,
and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula
Area 1,010,408 sq km GDP US$402,838

Capital Cairo GDP – Per Capita US$3,539
Language Arabic Accessibility Egypt has good domestic air service from Cairo to
major cities
Time UTC/GMT +2 Tourism natural and Famous cultural attractions such archaeological
difference human resources sites
Climate Desert Tourist Season Year around
Currency Egyptian Pound (EGP) Peak Tourist Season No specific peak
Tourism Tourism contributing around $13 billion in Health Concern on yellow fever, malaria, and cholera
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Egypt
• Cairo (開羅)
• Pyramids of Giza (大金字塔) and Sphinx (獅身人面像)
• Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) and the surrounding area of Cairo
• Suez Canal (蘇彝士運河)
• Suez Canal is one of the world’s most important shipping routes
• Luxor (樂蜀) and Aswan (阿斯旺)
• Temple of Luxor, The Valley of the Dead
• Red Sea coast (紅海海岸)
• Diving holidays and upscale resorts
• Adventure
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – Saudi Arabia
Location Bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen
Area 2,149,690 sq km GDP US$833,541

Capital Riyadh GDP – Per US$22,357
Capita
Population 38,000,000 Travelling Visa Visa is required for HKSAR passport holders
Language Arabic Accessibility Four main international airports and 22 domestic airports
High quality highway and high-speed rail networks.
Time UTC/GMT +3 Tourism natural Eco-tourism including travel to the mountainous areas and oases
difference and human Culture attraction including Islmaic temple and historical ruins
resources Leisure and recreation including sports : diving in the Red Sea
Entertainment including theme parks and shopping
Climate Desert Tourist Season Year around
Currency Dirham (MAD) Peak Tourist No significant peak but February and November
Season
Tourism Tourism contributing around Health Dengue Fever is a concern
Industry $16.4 billion in 2019 to the
country's GDP.
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – Saudi Arabia

• Mecca (聖城麥加) • Pilgrimage
• Hajj (朝覲)- annual Islamic pilgrimage • Diving and snorkeling
• AlUla (歐拉) • Arabian food tour
• UNESCO World Heritage site , ancient tombs that

remain from 7,000 years of human civilization
• Jeddah’s Al Balad (吉達歷史區)

• Unique Mashrabiyya architecture
• The Edge of the World (Jebel Fihrayn)(世界之崖)
• Tuwaiq cliffs stretch over more than 600km through
central Saudi
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Canada
Location Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic
Ocean on the north
Area 9,984,670 sq km GDP US$1,990,762

Capital Ottawa GDP – Per Capita US$47,276
Language English Accessibility Transportation between cities in Canada and USA
is mainly by highway and air networks
Time UTC/GMT -3 to UTC/GMT -7 Tourism natural and Natural scenery, leisure and recreation
Climate Varies widely from temperate in south to Tourist Season May through January
arctic in north
Currency Canadian dollar (CAD) Peak Tourist Season June through October
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Canada
• Toronto (多倫多) • National parks and natural scenery
• Urban tourism
• The most ethnically diverse cities -
Chinatown, Little Italy, Greek stores • >70% of domestic tourism, >80% of
• CN Tower (加拿大國家電視塔), Metro Zoo, international visitors are from the US
Niagara Falls (尼亞加拉大瀑布) • Main purpose -> leisure and VFR
• Montreal (蒙特利爾) and Quebec City (魁北克市)
• Evidence of French culture everywhere
• Olympic Park which host the Olympic
Games in 1976
• Vancouver (溫哥華)
• Named as “Garden City”
• The University of British Columbia (UBC)
• Cruise to Alaska
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - United States
Location North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico
Area 3,796,742 sq km GDP US$2,297,500

Capital Washington, D.C. GDP – Per Capita US$65,793
Population 331,000,000 Travelling Visa Visa is required for HKSAR passport holders.
Language English Accessibility Transportation between cities in Canada, USA and
Mexico is mainly by highway and air networks
Time UTC/ GMT -4 to UTC/ GMT -10 Tourism natural and Cultural attractions, natural attractions, events,
difference human resources recreation and entertainment attractions.
Climate Varies widely from tropical in Hawaii to Tourist Season Year round
Arctic in Alaska
Currency US dollar (USD) Peak Tourist Season Year round
Tourism Tourism contributing around $199 billion in Health General health risks are low
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - United States
• Grand Canyon (大峽谷國家公園)
• One of the most impressive physical features of the world
• Los Angeles (洛杉磯) and Disneyland
• Art galleries, museums, concerts and superb restaurants
• Hollywood Boulevard (好萊塢星光大道), Beverly Hill (比華利山), Universal
Studios
• Las Vegas (拉斯維加斯)

• Entertainment capital of the United States
• San Francisco (三藩市)

• Golden Gate Bridge (金門大橋), Fisherman’s Wharf (漁人碼頭 )and
Lombard Street (九曲花街)
• New Orleans (新奧爾良)
• Famous for its French Quarter (法語區) and Bourbon Street (波旁街), for • Multiple destinations and attractions on
hot Cajun and Creole cuisine
East and West coast, Hawaii and Alaska
• Miami (邁阿密)
• Year-round warm climate offers the perfect climate for outdoor
activities such as boating, golfing and swimming
• Walt Disney World Resort (迪士尼世界度假區)
• Largest cruise port in the world
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Mexico
Location Bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North
Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States
Area 1,972,500 sq km GDP US$1,294,829

Capital Mexico City GDP – Per Capita US$9,525
Language Spanish Accessibility Good air transportation connectivity to and from
cities in Mexico
Time UTC/GMT -5 Tourism natural and Cultural attractions
difference human resources Natural scenery including beaches and coastal
attractions
Climate Varies from tropical to desert Tourist Season April through September,
Coastal areas : November through April
Currency Mexican Peso (MXN) Peak Tourist Season December through to the second week of Easter,
also from July to August
Tourism Tourism contributing around $24.6 billion Health Some areas require malaria’s attention.
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Mexico
• Mexico City (墨西哥城) • Highly diverse physical and cultural
environment
• Oldest city in North America and the second
largest city of the world • History and culture
• Attractions - volcanic mountains, 14th • Beaches and coastline
century ruins, 16th century colonial buildings,
modern skyscrapers
• S-S-S travel is important
• Border Towns (美墨邊界)

• Many day trippers from US for shopping
• Northwest Region
• Guadalajara (瓜達拉哈拉)and the coastal
towns of Mazatlan (馬薩特蘭)
• Copper Canyon (銅峽谷) for ecotourism
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Australia
Location Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
Area 7,692,024 sq km GDP US$1,633,290

Capital Canberra GDP – Per Capita US$56,884
Population 25,000,000 Travelling Visa Visa is required for HKSAR passport holders
Language English Accessibility Excellent transportation system servicing both
international and domestic cities
Time UTC/ GMT +8 to UTC/ GMT +10 Tourism natural and Natural scenery
difference human resources Aboriginal culture
Climate Varies widely from arid to tropical Tourist Season Year round
Currency Australian dollar (AUD) Peak Tourist Season April through September
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Australia
• Sydney (悉尼)
• Sydney Opera House (悉尼歌劇院) and Sydney Harbour Bridge (悉尼海港大橋)
• Adelaide (阿德萊德)
• A graceful city of wide streets, elegant buildings and parkland, cultural pursuits, good food and wine
• Cairns (開恩茲)
• Great access to reefs (大堡礁)and islands and is a perfect base for exploring the wider region.
• Melbourne (墨爾本)
• Good things in life - fashion, food, entertainment and sport.
• Queensland’s Gold Coast (黃金海岸)

• 70 km of coastline and many canals and tidal rivers to explore.
• Cities
• Beach and coast
• Islands
• Rainforest and mountains
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – New Zealand
Location North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico
Area 268,021 sq km GDP US$247,685

Capital Wellington GDP – Per Capita US$44,078
Language English Accessibility Public transportation within cities is good
Time UTC/ GMT +12 Tourism natural and Natural scenery
Climate Varies from temperate to subtropical Tourist Season Year round
Currency New Zealand dollar (NZD) Peak Tourist Season December to February
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – New Zealand
• North Island
• Auckland - Kelly Tarlton’s Antarctic Encounter & Underwater
World (凱莉-塔爾敦海洋生物水族館)
• Rotorua (羅托魯阿) and Agrodome (愛歌頓農莊)
• South Island
• Mount Cook (庫克山), Milford Sound (米佛峽灣)
• Queen’s Town Lake Wakatipu (皇后鎮瓦卡蒂普湖)
• Natural scenery – lakes, mountains
• Adventures – rappelling, bungy, canyoning, trekking
• Water activities – diving, fishing, surfing, jet boating, canoeing

and kayaking

3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Papua New Guinea
Location Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South
Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia
Area 462,840 sq km GDP US$26,937

Capital Port Moresby GDP – Per Capita US$2,898
Population 8,900,000 Travelling Visa To be determined by the competent authorities upon
arrival
Language Tok Pisin and English Accessibility The mountainous terrain in Papua New Guinea causes
very poor roads connectivity between cities
Travel is mainly by boat or air
Time UTC/ GMT +10 Tourism natural Natural Scenery
difference and human Adventure tourism
resources Ancient tribal cultures
Climate Tropical Tourist Season May to October
Currency US dollar (USD) Peak Tourist Season May to October
Tourism Tourism contributing around $<0.1 Health Malaria, Cholera, Hepatitis A, Japanese B Encephalitis,
Industry billion in 2019 to the country's GDP. Dengue fever and Typhoid fever are the major concerns
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Papua New Guinea

• Port Moresby (莫爾茲比港)
• Port Moresby Nature Park - home to over 550+ native animals including
bird of paradise, tree-kangaroos, cassowaries, and many parrot and
other bird species
• Mount Wilhelm (威廉峰)

• The highest mountain in Papua New Guinea
• Excellent trail that takes hikers to the top, past lakes, waterfalls, moss
forests
• Vestiges of a World War II American fighter bomber
• Water activities – surfing, scuba diving, fishing
• Wildlife – trekking, bird watching
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – Argentina
Location Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay
Area 2,780,400 sq km GDP US$488,605

Capital Buenos Aires GDP – Per Capita US$9,763
Language Spanish Accessibility Travel within the country by bus and train.
Air transportation networks are well connected
with both domestic cities and other South
American cities
Time UTC/GMT -3 Tourism natural and Natural attractions, cultural attractions and
difference human resources recreation
Climate Varies from subtropical to sub-Antarctic Tourist Season Year round
Currency Argentine Peso (ARS) Peak Tourist Season December through March
Tourism Tourism contributing around $5.2 billion Health General health risks are low.
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions – Argentina
• Bueno Aires (布宜諾斯艾利斯)

• It has maintained its original design of old buildings with narrow one-way street
• The historic Cabildo (the town hall)
• The pink Casa Rosada (Presidential Palace) (玫瑰宮)
• El Tigre (蒂格雷)
• Tigre River Delta – Hiking, fishing, adventure
• The long coastal areas offer number of excellent seaside resorts with casinos and
wide, sandy beaches
• Patagonia (巴塔哥尼亞)
• A vast terrain covered with sheets of ice and glaciers that spill into huge lakes
• Ushuaia (烏斯懷亞)
• The most southern city in the world. Cruise to Antarctica
• Urban
• Historical
• Beach/ recreation
• Natural scenery
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Brazil
Location Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean
Area 8,515,767 sq km GDP US$1,608,080

Capital Brasília GDP – Per Capita US$7,770
Duration of stay up to 90 days.
Language Portuguese Accessibility Land and air networks getting to and around
Brazil are good
Time UTC/ GMT -2 to UTC/ GMT -4 Tourism natural and Natural scenery including the Amazon River
difference human resources Events including annual cultural mega events
Climate Mostly tropical, but temperate in the south Tourist Season Year round
Currency Brazilian Real (BRL) Peak Tourist Season December to March
Tourism Tourism contributing around $6 billion in Health Malaria, yellow fever, and dengue fever are of a
Industry 2019 to the country's GDP. concern
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Brazil

• The Amazon River in Amazonia (亞馬遜河流域)
• The river trip from Manaus (瑪瑙斯) to Belém (貝倫)
• Rio de Janeiro (里約熱內盧)

• The famed Copacabana Beach (科巴卡巴那海灘)
• Christ the Redeemer (救世基督像)
• Recife (利斯菲)
• “Venice of America”
• Sao Paulo (聖保羅)

• A modern city with gourmet, waterfalls, and beautiful beaches
• Wildlife and rain forests
• Culture
• Beach
• Urban
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Chile
Location Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru
Area 756,096 sq km GDP US$316,864

Capital Santiago GDP – Per Capita US$14,546
Language Spanish Accessibility Good international connections to North
American, South American and part of European
cities
Time UTC/GMT -4 Tourism natural and Natural attractions including the Andes, glaciers,
difference human resources national park
Cultural attractions including Easter Island
Climate Desert in the north; Tourist Season Year round
Mediterranean in the central region
Cool and damp in the south
Currency Chilean Peso(CLP) Peak Tourist Season December - March
Tourism Tourism contributing around $2.3 billion in Health Pay attention to the risk of developing altitude
Industry 2019 to the country's GDP. sickness
Google Maps
3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Chile
• Santiago (聖地牙哥) (capital city & main tourist city)
• Founded in 1541 and is well-planned city with historical palaces
and cathedral
• The panorama of snow-covered Andes
• Valparaiso (瓦爾帕萊索)
• The second largest city and major port, some colonial style building
• Excellent seaside resort around
• Gateway to Easter Island
• Easter Island (復活節島)
• Historical
• Natural scenery
• Adventure
Destinations’ Redevelopment
in the Post-pandemic Era
3.2 Destinations’ Redevelopment in the Post-pandemic Era
各目的地在後疫情時代的重新發展
Source: UNWTO
Current Status
Source: UNWTO
Current Stay-home/ Quarantine requirements
Source: UNWTO
Suggestions by the UNWTO to the destination authorities
1. Provide liquidity and protect jobs.
2. Recover confidence through safety & security.
3. Public-private collaboration for an efficient reopening.
4. Open borders with responsibility.
5. Harmonise and coordinate protocols & procedures.
6. Added value jobs through new technologies.
7. Innovation and Sustainability as the new normal.

Current Measures Taken (Hong Kong 2022-2023 budget)
• Waived the fees for vehicle licence renewal and examination for Commercial Vehicles,
Passenger Service Licence, Passenger Service Licence Certificate and Closed Road Permit
from 2019 to 2022
• Temporary parking spaces for idle non-franchised buses in suitable locations
• Extend the Pre-approved Principal Payment Holiday Scheme (預先批核還息不還本計劃) by six

months
• $1.26 billion in the 2022-23 Budget to support and develop the tourism industry
• $600 million to implement the Cultural and Heritage Sites Local Tour Incentive Scheme (文化古蹟本地遊鼓勵計
劃) for itineraries and products with cultural and heritage elements.
• $60 million will be allocated to subsidise the training of tourism practitioners for improving the professional
standards and service quality of the tourism industry.
• An additional $600 million will be allocated to the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) to revive the tourism
industry, so as to prepare for the return of visitors.
Destination and Tourism Supplier’s Perspective Tourist’s Perspective
• Domestic tourism • Physical factor and the

• Economic concern (Pre and pro-pandemic)
• Domestic tourism could be expansive destination image are co-related
• Short duration
• Desire to travel abroad (psychological factor) • Stronger destination image gives
• Adoption of technology a stronger visit intention to visit

• ICT-related laws and regulations
• ICT infrastructure
• Rise of nature-based/ eco-
• Cost of data tourism
• Sustainability
• Airlines, Cruise lines
• Hotels
• Amusement park
Other Major Tourism Regions (New)
主要旅遊區域 Major Tourism Regions
- 亞洲 –馬來西亞及泰國 Asia – Malaysia and Thailand

- 非洲 – 摩洛哥、南非及突尼斯 Africa – Morocco, South Africa
and Tunisia
- 歐洲 – 法國、意大利及西班牙 Europe – France, Italy and Spain
- 中東 – 迪拜、埃及及沙特阿拉伯 Middle East – Dubai, Egypt and
Saudi Arabia
- 北美洲–加拿大、墨西哥及美國 North America – Canada, Mexico
and the United States
- 大洋洲 – 澳洲、新西蘭及巴布亞新幾內亞
- Oceania – Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea
- 南美洲 – 阿根廷、巴西及智利 South America – Argentina,
Brazil and Chile
Destinations’ Redevelopment in the Post-pandemic Era
Q&A
References
Bauer, T. (2013), Destination Geography (Fine-tuned version), The Hong Kong

Polytechnic University and PSHE Section, Curriculum Development Institute
The UNWTO Tourism Data Dashboard 2022
World Trade Organization – Trade Profiles 2022
https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/trade_profiles_list_e.htm
Thank You
Dr Dave CHAN 陳駿輝博士
Instructor 香港理工大學酒店及
School of Hotel and Tourism Management 旅遊業管理學院導師
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
dave-cf.chan@polyu.edu.hk 3400 2295

Destination Geography - Other Major Tourism Regions

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Enriching Knowledge for the SS Tourism and

Hospitality Studies Series:

Other Major Tourism Regions (New)

地理名勝 –其他主要旅遊區域 (新辦)

Dr Dave CHAN 陳駿輝博士

The World Top Ten Destinations

International Tourism Highlights, 2020 Edition

The World Top Ten Destinations

Region Country Region Country

Africa Morocco Oceania (Pacific) Australia

Europe France South America Argentina

Middle East Dubai

Area 329,847sq km GDP US$372,754

Major Attractions Tourism Characteristics

• Turtle Island Park, Sabah (沙巴海龜島國家公園)

• The Tree Top Walk, Kedah (吉打雙溪西林樹頂步道)

Area 514,000 sq km GDP US$513,165

• Chiang Mai (清邁)

Area 446,550 sq km GDP US$131,465

Location Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

Area 1,219,090 sq km GDP US$418,020

Area 163,170 sq km GDP US$131,465

Area 643,801 sq km GDP US$2,935,488

• Riviera (蔚藍海岸) (Nice, Cannes, Monte Carlo)

Area 301,230 sq km GDP US$2,101,276

Area 505,900 sq km GDP US$1,426,224

Area 1,610 sq km GDP US$409,967

• Abu Dhabi and the Grand Mosque (阿布達比大清真寺)

• Old souks (杜拜市集)

Area 1,010,408 sq km GDP US$402,838

Area 2,149,690 sq km GDP US$833,541

3.1 Major Tourism Regions – Saudi Arabia

• AlUla (歐拉) • Arabian food tour

• UNESCO World Heritage site , ancient tombs that

• Jeddah’s Al Balad (吉達歷史區)

Area 9,984,670 sq km GDP US$1,990,762

Area 3,796,742 sq km GDP US$2,297,500

• Las Vegas (拉斯維加斯)

• San Francisco (三藩市)

Area 1,972,500 sq km GDP US$1,294,829

• Border Towns (美墨邊界)

Area 7,692,024 sq km GDP US$1,633,290

• Queensland’s Gold Coast (黃金海岸)

Area 268,021 sq km GDP US$247,685

• Adventures – rappelling, bungy, canyoning, trekking

• Water activities – diving, fishing, surfing, jet boating, canoeing

• History and culture

Area 462,840 sq km GDP US$26,937

Major Destinations/ Attractions

• Mount Wilhelm (威廉峰)

Area 2,780,400 sq km GDP US$488,605

• Bueno Aires (布宜諾斯艾利斯)

Area 8,515,767 sq km GDP US$1,608,080

3.1 Major Tourism Regions - Brazil

• Rio de Janeiro (里約熱內盧)

• Sao Paulo (聖保羅)

Area 756,096 sq km GDP US$316,864

• Easter Island (復活節島)

Current Stay-home/ Quarantine requirements

Suggestions by the UNWTO to the destination authorities

1. Provide liquidity and protect jobs.

2. Recover confidence through safety & security.

3. Public-private collaboration for an efficient reopening.