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What is the Difference be...
What is the Difference between ADSL and FTTH
Created: Mar 27, 2021 08:24:45Latest reply: Nov 20, 2021 07:22:34 841 14 7 0 0
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Hello, everyone!
Today, I'd like to continue sharing FTTH-related knowledge with you. Let's discuss it
together.
Although you don't focus on communication technologies, you may have heard about
these words, ADSL, ADSL2+, optical fiber, fiber-to-home, etc. No matter ADSL or FTTH,
they are the technologies of broadband access.
Fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) means that Fiber reaches the boundary of the living space, such
as a box on the outside wall of a home. Passive optical networks and point-to-point
Ethernet are architectures that are capable of delivering triple-play services over FTTH
networks directly from an operator’s central office.
ADSL vs. FTTH
1. Copper and Fiber
As far as the world is concerned, most telecom companies develop broadband access
based on ADSL. However, ADSL is a broadband access technology based on copper wire.
Copper is a worldwide strategic resource, along with international copper cable prices.
Continued to climb (20%-30% annual growth in recent years), the cost of copper-based
xDSL lines is getting higher and higher.
The raw material of optical fiber is silicon dioxide, which is inexhaustible in nature. In fact,
the current market price of fiber is already lower than ordinary copper wire, and its life
expectancy is much higher than the latter. In a new customer line or old cable
replacement, fiber has become a more reasonable choice, especially in the trunk section
and even the wiring section. Besides, as an active device, xDSL electromagnetic
interference is difficult to avoid, and maintenance costs are getting higher and higher.
Optical fibers as passive transmission media can avoid such problems.
2. The Speed of the ADSL and FTTH
As the fiber-optic process of the entire network continues to extend to the user side, the
limitation of the end-to-end broadband connection is increasingly concentrated in the
access segment. Currently, the uplink and downlink connection rate of ADSL cannot meet
the long-term business needs of high-end users. Although ADSL2+ and VDSL2
technologies are expected to alleviate this pressure, the continued increase in speed and
transmission distance is limited and cannot be expected to have an essential
breakthrough.
Obviously, with the large-scale application of optical fiber in the long-distance network,
metropolitan area network, and even the main segment of the access network, the logical
development trend is to continue to extend the optical fiber to the wiring segment and
the incoming line of the access network, and finally realize the fiber-to-the-home.
The key question is: How fast is the speed of advancement? This will depend on a variety
of factors, including market demand, competitive needs, application stimuli, technological
advances, cost reductions, and the development of supporting operations systems.
3. The History of FTTH
FTTH is not a new concept. It has a history of 27 years and a second development
opportunity. The first time in 1978 was France, Canada, and Japan, and the second time
around 1995 was mainly the United States and Japan. Both development opportunities
were all due to the high cost and lack of market demand. FTTH entered the third period
of development opportunities in 2004 due to advances in technology, macroeconomic
information society development policies, and telecommunications regulatory policies in
some countries.
4. The Cost of ADSL and FTTH
Although the price of FTTH equipment has dropped sharply, it is still as high as
US$300/household, almost 10 times that of ADSL. The policy risk and market risk of
operating the video business are still very large. The conditions are currently mainly in the
field trial and commercial trial stage. In fact, the development of FTTH depends not only
on technology but more importantly on cost, services, and business models.
Although FTTH has developed very fast, ADSL still has the chance to service the market. If
the cost can drop, FTTH may replace ADSL in the future.
Comment fonctionne cette technologie ? Son principe est simple : une ligne internet
ADSL emprunte exactement le même chemin que les lignes du réseau téléphonique
de France. Des locaux techniques regroupent ces lignes et les divisent en deux
parties via des commutateurs internes, appelés DSLAM. Elles sont ensuite
acheminées vers chaque abonné qui, à l'aide d'un filtre DSL, connecte la ligne à
son téléphone et à sa box.
L'ADSL utilise des paires de fils de cuivre pour ses lignes, tandis que la fibre
optique se sert de fibres de verre, excellentes conductrices de lumière. Cela
lui permet d'acheminer des données numériques sur de longues distances et
à très grande vitesse.
Les premières connexions en fibre atteignaient déjà les 100 Mbit/s au début des
années 2010, et aujourd'hui la majorité des box peuvent dépasser 1 Gbit/s, ce qui
constitue une évolution considérable par rapport aux lignes ADSL qui plafonnent
souvent autour de 10-20 Mbit/s en débit descendant.
Le gap se creuse encore plus pour ce qui est des débits montants : on atteint 1
Gbit/s en fibre FTTH contre 1 Mbit/s en ADSL. Pour rappel, le débit montant
correspond à l'envoi de fichiers sur un réseau tandis que le débit descendant fait
écho au téléchargement des données. Un test de débit vous permet de connaître ces
deux données.
ONT est déployé dans les localités du client. Il est connecté à l’OLT
au moyen d’une fibre optique et aucun élément actif n’est présent
dans la liaison. Dans GPON, l’émetteur-récepteur de l’ONT est la
connexion physique entre les localités du client et l’OLT du bureau
central.
Bureau Central
Réseau d’Alimentation
Réseau de distribution
Zone d’Utilisateur
Conclusion
GPON est le plus complexe de tous les réseaux PON. GPON présente
les avantages suivants : réduction des coûts de déplacement, d’ajouts
ou d’autres modifications, faible prix par port pour les composants
passifs, installation facile et faibles coûts d’installation. Donc, GPON
gagne en popularité dans les applications technologiques diverses et
en constante évolution.