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Intro To Systems Analysis
Intro To Systems Analysis
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Introduction to
Systems Analysis and Design
PRISCILLA S. BATOR
Instructor, SAD
Mission Today
• Organizing the class
– Formation of Teams
• Discussion
• Recapitulation
Grading System
TOTAL =>100%
Learning Objectives
• Define what is systems Analysis and Design.
• Describe a systems analyst.
• List types of information system.
• List the phases of Systems Development Life
Cycle.
Introduction
• Information Systems Analysis and Design
– Complex process whereby computer-based information systems are
developed and maintained
– Main goal is to improve employee efficiency by applying software
solutions to key business tasks
– A structured approach must be used in order to ensure success
• Application Software
– Result of systems analysis and design
– Designed to support specific organizational functions or processes
• Systems Analyst performs analysis and design based upon:
– Understanding of organization’s objectives, structure and processes
– Knowledge of how to exploit information technology for advantage
1.4
Software Engineering Process
1.7
Data and Processes
1.16
Data and Processes
• Data
– Understanding the source and kind of data a system uses is key to
good system design
– Various techniques are used to describe data and the relationship
among data
• Data Flow
– Groups of data that move and flow through the system from one
place to another
– Include description of sources and destination for each data flow
• Processing Logic
– Describe steps in the transformation of data and events that trigger
these steps
1.17
Approaches to Systems Development
• Process-Oriented Approach
– Focus is on how and when data are moved and transformation
of data in an information system
– Involves creating graphical representations such as data flow
diagrams and charts
– Data are tracked from sources, through intermediate steps and
to final destinations
– Natural structure of data is not specified
– Disadvantage: existence of several data files each locked within
different applications.
– To change a single data element all files has to be updated
1.18
Approaches to Systems Development
• Data-Oriented Approach
– Depicts ideal organization of data, independent of where
and how data are used
– Data model describes kinds of data and business
relationships among the data
– Business rules depict how organization captures and
processes the data
1.19
Databases and Application Independence
• Database
– Shared collection of logically related data
– Organized to facilitate capture, storage and retrieval by
multiple users in an organization
– Centrally managed
– Designed around subjects
• Customers
• Suppliers
• Application Independence
– Separation of data and definition of data from applications
that use these data
1.20
Organizational Responsibilities in Systems
Development
• Systems development is a team effort
• Systems Analysts work in a team
– Project Based
– Includes
• IS Manager
• Programmers
• Users
• Other specialists
– Characteristics of Successful Teams
• Diversity of backgrounds
• Tolerance of diversity
• Clear and complete communication
• Trust
• Mutual Respect
• Reward structure that promotes shared responsibility
1.21
Organizational Responsibilities in Systems
Development
• IS Manager
– May have a direct role in systems development if the
organization is small
– Typically involved in allocating resources to and overseeing
system development projects.
– May prescribe what methodologies, techniques and tools to
be used
• Systems Analyst
– Key individuals in the systems development process
Organizational Responsibilities in Systems
Development
1.23
Organizational Responsibilities in Systems
Development
• Programmers
– Convert specifications into instructions that the computer
understands
– Write program documentation and programs for testing
systems
• Business Managers
– Have power to fund projects and allocate resources
– Set general requirements and constraints for projects
1.24
Organizational Responsibilities in Systems
Development
1.25
Types of Information Systems
and Systems Development
• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
– Automate handling of data about business activities (transactions)
• Management Information Systems (MIS)
– Converts raw data from transaction processing system into
meaningful form
• Decision Support Systems (DSS)
– Composed of database designed to help decision makers
– Provides interactive environment for decision makers to
manipulate data and models
• Expert Systems (ES)
– Codifies and manipulate knowledge instead of information
– Users communicate with an ES through interactive dialogue
1.26
Systems Development Life Cycle
1.27
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
1.28
Systems Development Life Cycle
1.29
Phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle
• Analysis
– Study of current procedures and information systems
– Sub phases
• Determine requirements
– Study current system
– Structure requirements and eliminate redundancies
• Generate alternative designs
• Compare alternatives
• Recommend best alternative
1.31
Systems Development Life Cycle
1.32
Systems Development Life Cycle
• Implementation
– Information system is
• Coded – programmers write programs
• Tested – programmers and analysts test individual programs and entire
system to find errors and correct
• Installed – application software is installed on hardware
• Supported – documentation and training programs are provided
• Maintenance
– Information system is systematically repaired and improved
depending on organization’s needs over time
– Programmers modify the system to reflect changing business
conditions
– It is a repetition of other life cycle phases and is not a separate
phase
1.33
Approaches to Development
• Prototyping
– Designing and Building a scaled-down working version
of the system with any computer language (4GLs) or
development tools (CASE)
– Advantages:
• Users are involved in design
• Captures requirements in concrete form
• Rapid Application Development (RAD)
– Utilizes prototyping to delay producing system design
until after user requirements are clear
1.35
Approaches to Development
1.36
Assignment#1
Tax authorities such as Bureau of Internal
Revenue(BIR) are usually highly dependent on
information systems. Take a look at the Website
of BIR. What kind of functionality does their
information systems seem to have? Make a list
of the various functions you find.
Assignment#2
• Locate job ads relating to the IT field. Try to
figure out which ones relate to the various
phases of the SDLC. Is there a particularly
large number of work opportunities relating to
a certain phase of the SDLC?
Assignment#3(Optional)
• The major sources for IT-related news are the media
published by the International Data Group (IDG).
During your course on systems analysis and design,
follow some of IDG’s magazines or newsletters. Make
a portfolio of feature articles you find especially
interesting. Try to look for news items relating to
information systems and information systems
development. Even if you read up on other things,
such as game development, try to see how this
activity is actually based on a sound foundation in
one of the systems development methodologies
Details on the Assignment
• Put the assignment in a single file.
• Be brief and concise with your answers.
• Affix the names, and digital of your members
who participated in the activity.
Channel Creation
Your teams will be created in few minutes…