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Scale Coupons: what is Scale Coupons, Bio Coupons and Weight loss Coupon

04:22:00 (2020-03-20T04:22:00-07:00)
 Posted by Piping Desiging (https://www.blogger.com/profile/10783310967897390166)

Scale coupons

Bio Coupons

Weight loss Coupon

Bio Coupons

Bacterial activity is a common

source of corrosion problems. A wide range of bacteria such as
Sulphate
Reducing Bacteria (SRB), cause a variety of corrosion types and mechanisms. Monitoring
of
bacterial activity is required for understanding and evaluating the
possibility of bacteria induced
corrosion, and to control bacterial activity by
e.g. biocides. The bio coupon
assembly is a simple and
common tool for monitoring bacterial activity. The bio
coupon assembly comprises a housing with 5
small coupons directly exposed to
the internal environment of the pipe or vessel. The assembly is
mounted on a
bio coupon holder and retrieved at fixed intervals.
Bio coupons are used for analysis of layers caused by biological
activity only. After retrieval, the
coupons are placed in a specially designed
airtight container, and sent to a laboratory for immediate
analysis. Correct
handling of the coupons after retrieval from the pipe is required in order to
achieve
reliable results.

(https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TBqWpT-mw-
4/XnSmjiSb0QI/AAAAAAAAAgo/IhqktBpKo7gEN5g4d2RJK2leJ0ISWzIIgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Bio%2BCoupon.jpg)
Bio coupon assemblies consist of coupon housing and 5 bio coupons.
A coupon holder of fixed or
adjustable length is required. The complete coupon
assembly is a replaceable part. Exposed surface
area is approx. 0.4 cm2 (0.06sq.
in.) per coupon. Coupons and coupon holders in other materials may
be delivered
on request.

Scale Coupons

In some oil and gas systems,

solid deposits or scale must be monitored to determine the need for
pigging or
other maintenance activities. As scale usually forms on cavities, it is also
likely to form on
small sized holes. Scale coupons are similar to 3” strip coupon,
but have a series of different size
holes. 3” strip scale coupons are mounted
in pair of two coupons on one strip coupon holder (see
above).
(https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-77WbfJqWGyc/XnSmjhf2YhI/AAAAAAAAAgk/TGwvxZPMXt8BF4MIk6h09eNe1TamkOhU
ACEwYBhgL/s1600/Scale%2BCoupon.jpg)
Scale coupons are used for analysis of layers only. Scale coupons
are not to be used in other than
water systems. trip scale coupons should be
avoided if pigging of line is required

Weight loss Coupon

A material sample of known

composition, density, size and weight is exposed to an environment for a
period
of time after which it is recovered, cleaned and weighed. The difference in
weight before and
after exposure (the weight loss) is used to calculate the
volume of material lost. The loss relative to the
surface area gives a figure for
average depth of material lost. This result may be annualized relative to
the
exposure time, resulting in a rate of loss per year, usually expressed as Mils
Per Year (MPY) or
Millimeters Per Year (MMPY). Relevant standards are NACE
RP0775 or ASTM G1. This data sheet is
principally concerned with the monitoring
of process systems using metallic samples but other
materials may be used such
as GRP.

Strip coupons are usually mounted in pairs and placed in or partially

in the process flow. Disc
coupons are usually mounted flush with the wall of
the pipe (or vessel) so that conditions are as close
as possible to those at
the process/containment interface. Scale
coupons are strip shaped with a
number of different sized holes so that
scaling tendency can be assessed. Weld coupons are sections
of a weld with HAZ
and parent metal that are used to assess preferential weld corrosion. Stressed
coupons have a known amount of bending stress applied by a special mounting arrangement.
They
are used to assess stress cracking tendency. The most widely used
configurations are Strip and Disc
types. Coupons are supplied cleaned, weighed
and serial numbered in sealed, corrosion inhibiting
envelopes complete with a
set of insulators.
 (https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
AzlmzDQEFZA/XnSmjlXv9lI/AAAAAAAAAgg/jU2Oh5hbH5cZJmz0SyixEohC6q0gCfC-

gCEwYBhgL/s1600/Scale%2BCoupon1.jpg)
(https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
qlyfKCaXv9k/XnSmkck03xI/AAAAAAAAAhE/v1P_Hff8dPUz92sgTrkHY75PAKTd7x1dgCEwYBhgL/s16
00/coupon%2Bholder.jpg)

The strip weld coupon is a

special type of weight loss coupon, especially made for the monitoring of
welds. The strip weld coupon is made from a piece of the actual weld,
containing all parts of the Heat
Treatment Zone. Strip weld coupons are made in 3” or 2” lengths, preferably
depending on the pipe
diameter of the piece the weld is taken from. The visual
inspection of a weld coupon is important in
addition to weight loss
measurements.

(https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2OH12YGLvgU/XnSmkusHDEI/AAAAAAAAAhI/hhpoLpxq4hwzu7dBCwXf-
9XTp9f2V_UmQCEwYBhgL/s1600/coupon%2Bholder1.jpg)

Location of Coupon / Probes

1.  The monitoring probes/coupons shall be installed

in 2 inch access fittings at pre-selected locations
in each pipe to be monitored
within an individual distance of minimum 0.5 m (two fittings).
2. The probes/coupons shall be located at
representative locations where there is a high probability of
corrosion taking
place. Unless otherwise specified, location of the probes shall be at the 6 o'clock
position where water is likely to accumulate.
3.  A retriever tool is required to install/retrieve
the probes/coupons from equipment under production.
Sufficient
"overhead" space for the tool shall be allowed for in the piping
layout and when selecting
the sensor location.
4.  A hydraulic retriever tool or double block and
bleed shall be utilized for safety reasons when the
operating pressure exceeds
5 ksi, or the H2S content is large. The sensor location shall also be
easily
accessible and shall not require scaffolding to access.
5. Based on the process data and selected material,
an evaluation of process lines to be monitored
shall be performed to identify
candidate locations. Guidelines are given below (for carbon steel
piping) with
a minimum of retrievable coupons in each case:

i)  All in going/out going flow lines on the platform

downstream of the injection point for
corrosion inhibit or Inlet of separators
ii)      Water outlet from separators and desalter units
iii)    
Produced water lines
iv)    
Water injection system
v)      
Water systems where inhibitors are applied
vi)    
Closed and open hazardous drain systems.
vi)     Crude oil line on FPSO from production manifold.

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