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Antonio Jonjic*t, Jasmin Grosinger*, Thomas Herndlt, Gerald Holwegt, Gottfried Beer+, and Wolfgang Bosch*
*Graz University of Technology, Institute of Microwave and Photonic Engineering, Inffeldgasse 12, 8010 Graz
tDevelopment Center Graz, Infineon Technologies Austria AG, BabenbergerstraBe 10, 8010 Graz, Austria
+Infineon Technologies AG, WernerwerksstraBe 2, 93049 Regensburg, Germany
Abstract- Recently, the technology of wireless sensor networks the novel embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB)
(WSNs) experiences a growing use in home automation or packaging technology. So far, miniaturization has been
advanced industry infrastructure applications. Despite a strong
implemented by several research groups based on 3D printed
interest of industries in this technology, key issues like minia
circuit board (PCB) stacking designs [5], or 3D integrated
turization and security of WSN nodes has not been solved yet.
State-of-the-art WSN nodes do not provide credible security nor circuit (IC) stacking with through silicon via (TSV) designs
satisfying configurability and miniaturized implementations. T his [6]. Both approaches enable small form factors but use
pUblication deals with these limitations and presents a WSN discrete production methods with wire bonding. However,
node that provides security, configurability, and a miniaturized
a discrete assembly of WSN nodes is not suitable for high
design. To show the sensor node feasibility, the WSN node is
volume low production cost manufacturing. In comparison
implemented within a smart home demonstrator. Additionally, a
miniaturized pre-study WSN node design is presented using the to the implementations used so far, this paper presents a
novel embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) packaging miniaturization based on the eWLB packaging technology.
technology. Furthermore, an eWLB based WSN node design is The eWLB packaging technology is a wafer level based
proposed that further miniaturize the presented WSN node.
technology that enables low production and test costs and
allows to realize a multi metal layer heterogeneous system
I. INTRODUCTION
integration.
The technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has
reached hype peak, under the more common term the internet
II. S MART HO M E DE MONSTRATOR
of things [1]. WSNs consist of wireless connected embedded
systems - WSN nodes - that are equipped with various sensors We build a smart home demonstrator to simulate a home
and actuators. WSN nodes are typically composed of three automation scenario. The demonstrator is shown in Fig. 1 and
units a transceiver, a microcontroller, and a sensor/actuator. consists of off-the-shelf real world electrical appliances that
Recently, a WSN node system architecture has been presented are equipped with the invented secure WSN node. In detail,
that added a fourth additional unit, a so called secure WSN the demonstrator consists of a smart socket that is connected
node [2]. This additional unit is a security controller or rather to a table fan, a smart wireless switch, and an near field
a secure element (SE) with a near field communication (NFC) communication (NFC) smart phone. Smart socket and switch
interface. This paper demonstrates the functionality of the are equipped with the realized WSN nodes (see Fig. 2 and 3).
security enhanced WSN node by implementing it in a smart To power up the smart home demonstrator, the demonstrator
home demonstrator. sockets are connected to a wall socket with a power cable.
The demonstrator clearly shows the advantages of the The wireless switch controls the ON and OFF state of the
secure WSN node in terms of security and configurability. table fan as shown in Fig. 1. The wireless link between the
So far, state-of-the-art WSNs rely on software based switch and the sockets operates in the ultra high frequency
security implementations [3] [4]. These implementations are (UHF) range and is strongly encrypted. The encryption process
cumbersome in terms of hardware resources such as memory of data packets and the crypto-key storage is handled by the
demands. Compared to software based implementations, SE. To establish the secure wireless link, an NFC smart phone
hardware based implementations offer a energy efficient is used. The NFC smart phone is used for:
security and crypto-key management [2]. • cryptographic key generation and distribution to the WSN
To further enhance the miniaturization, the paper also nodes,
presents a WSN node miniaturization approach using • fast installation of WSNs by taping the NFC smart
phone to WSN node equipped appliances, as described
This work was performed as part of the K-project "Secure Contactless in section III, and
Sphere - Smart RFID Technologies for a Connected World·· that is funded
by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FF G) and the ARTEMIS JU • configuration of radio frequency (RF) parameters, like
Project ·'Internet of Energy". Project No. 269374. frequency band selection (multi band transceiver) for
general-purpose
microcontrolier (32Bit) ceramic antenna
power cable
� Fig. 3. Secure WSN node. The back (right/left picture) and the front
(rightlleft picture) of the sensor node are shown.
supply battery
Figure 2 shows the installation of the secure WSN nodes By adding the secure element with the NFC interface to
into the smart socket and the smart switch that are equipped the WSN node, security and configuration aspects are added
A. eVVLB Packaging
B. Antenna Design for WSN node applications. These simulation results will be
validated by measurements. The prototype production of the
The eWLB layout of the miniaturized WSN node was
eWLB miniaturized WSN nodes is already in process and will
designed using the Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS)
be ready till end of April 2015.
program [13], using the microwave simulation Momentum.
The layout design in Fig. 8 shows the WSN node components: REF ERENCES
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