1.

Identify a research question in a journal article and discuss what approach would be best to
study the question and why.

2. Take a topic that you would like to study, and using the four combinations of worldviews,
designs, and research methods in Figure 1.1, discuss a project that brings together a worldview,
designs, and methods. Identify whether this would be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods
research. Use the typical scenarios that we have advanced in this chapter as a guide.

3. What distinguishes a quantitative study from a qualitative study? Mention three

characteristics.
1. Identify a research question in a journal article and discuss what approach would be best to
study the question and why.

The research questions from a journal article written by Maryam Azar & Ali Akbar Shafighi in
2013 are the followings;

i. What are the factors that influence employee motivation?

ii. What are the challenges the organization face as they are trying to implement employee
motivation?
iii. What kind of motivators are the best to increase employee performance?

The research approach which would be the best to use according to the topic above and research
question is Quantitative research design. Because this approach will enable a researcher to verify
the various motivation theories, the findings obtained under this approach are mostly objective
due to this approach to be scientific and a sample size under this approach always is not large ( it
used small sample size of respondents).
2. Take a topic that you would like to study, and using the four combinations of worldviews,
designs, and research methods in Figure 1.1, discuss a project that brings together a worldview,
designs, and methods. Identify whether this would be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods
research. Use the typical scenarios that we have advanced in this chapter as a guide.

The research title is THE EFFECTS OF WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEES’ JOB

PERFORMANCE

The project that brings together

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3. What distinguishes a quantitative study from a qualitative study? Mention three
characteristics.

Qualitative research is an approach for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or
groups ascribe to a social or human problem. The process of research involves emerging
questions and procedures, data typically collected in the participant’s setting, data analysis
inductively building from particulars to general themes, and the researcher making
interpretations of the meaning of the data. The final written report has a flexible structure. Those
who engage in this form of inquiry support a way of looking at research that honors an inductive
style, a focus on individual meaning, and the importance of rendering the complexity of a
situation.

Quantitative research is an approach for testing objective theories by examining the relationship
among variables. These variables, in turn, can be measured, typically on instruments, so that
numbered data can be analyzed using statistical procedures. The final written report has a set
structure consisting of introduction, literature and theory, methods, results, and discussion. Like
qualitative researchers, those who engage in this form of inquiry have assumptions about testing
theories deductively, building in protections against bias, controlling for alternative explanations,
and being able to generalize and replicate the findings.
Three distinguished characteristics between quantitative and qualitative study

Quantitative research Qualitative Research

Focuses on testing hypotheses and Focuses on exploring ideas and formulating a theory

theories or hypothesis

Analyzed through math and statistical Analyzed by summarizing, categorizing and

analysis interpreting

Mainly expressed in numbers, graphs Mainly expressed in words

and tables

References

Crotty, M. (1998). The foundations of social research: Meaning and perspective in the research
process. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Mertens, D. (2009). Transformative research and evaluation. New York: Guilford

Phillips, D. C., & Burbules, N. C. (2000). Postpositivism and educational research. Lanham,
MD: Rowman & Littlefield.