QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

QBHD CK
K@KYEKDGFH

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 8  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

SHIBH CK GJDSKDFCJ
 
FDSYJC[GGF×D ..................................................................................................................................... ;
L[WSFNFGHGF×D ........................................................................................................
..................................................... ..................................................................................
............................... > 
JILKSF^JW....................................................
........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................
....................................... 5 
8.8.  Jilktfvj Ekdkrhb ............................................................................................... ............................. 5 
......................................... ...................................................................................
8.9.  Jilktfvjs Kspkgànfgjs
Kspkg ànfgjs .........................................................................................................
.................................................... .................................................................
............ 5 
9.  HBGHDGK ...........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................. .............................................. = 
7.  @HYGJ SKJYFGJ
SKJY FGJ ...................................................
.......................................................................................................
..........................................................................
...................... 6 
7.8.  Ebjshrfj ............................................................................................................................... ........... 6 
......................................................................... .................................................................
3.  @HYGJ BKEHB .........................................................
........................................................................................................... .................... 87 
......................................................................
;.  CKWGYFQGFÙD CKB K KWSHIBKGF@FKDSJ
WSHIBKGF@FKDSJ ..............................................
...................................................................................
..................................... 8; 
;.8.  [ifghgf÷d Ekjerènfgh< ........................................................................................................ .......... 8; 
................................................... ...............................................................
;.9.  Cksgrfpgf÷d ck bh k`prksh .......................................................
..........................................................................................................
....................................................... 8> 
;.7.  Cksgrfpgf÷d ck pkrsjdhb .................................................................................... ........................... 8> 
...............................................................................................................
;.3.  Cksgrfpgf÷d gbfkdtkbh< ....................................................
.........................................................................................................
...............................................................
.......... 8> 
;.;.  MJYHYFJW< ............................................................................................................ .................... 8> 
.......................................................... ......................................................................
;.>.  Ykgursjs phrh bh htkdgf÷d ck udh k`krekdgfh .............................................................................. 85 
>.  Hdèbfsfs ck ^ubdkrhifbfchc ......................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
........................... 85 
>.8.  HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHIFBFCHC KD BHW QKYWJDHW .....................................................
.................................................... . 86 
>.9.  HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHIFBFCHC KD BJW YKG[YWJW ................................................... ..................................................... 91 
>.7.  HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHIFBFCHC
^[ BDKYHIFBFCHC KD BJW WFWSK@HW V QYJGKWJW ............................ 98 
>.3.  HDÈBFWFW CK ^[ ^[BDKYHIFBFCHC
BDKYHIFBFCHC ....................................................
.........................................................................................
..................................... 99 
>.;.  Fckdtfnfghgf÷d ck bh h`kdhzh< .......................................................................................................
............................................................................................. .......... 97 
>.>.  Hdèbfsfs ck h`kdhzhs.......................................................................................................... .......... 93 
..................................................... ...............................................................
Kb Hdtks ..................................................................................................................................................
 .............................................................................................. ...................................................... 93 
Curhdtk ....................................................................................................... .............................................. 93 
................................................. ..................................................................................................
Ckspuæs ...................................................................................
 ........................................................................................................................................
...............................................................
.......... 93 
5.  Ksquk`h jrehdfzhgfjdhb ......................................................
...........................................................................................................
...............................................................
.......... 9; 
KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191
Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 9  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

5.8.  N[DGFJDKW CKB LKNK

LK NK CK K@KYEKDGFH V/J GJJYCFDHCJY ..................................... 9; 
5.9.  N[DGFJDKW CKB KX[FQJ CK QYF@KYH FDSKY^KDGF×D ‒IYFEHCH‐ ........................ 9; 
5.7.  N[DGFJDKW CKB KX[FQJ
KX[ FQJ CK HBHY@H V K^HG[HGF×D ............................................... 9> 
5.3.  N[DGFJDKW CKB KX[FQJ CK QYF@KYJW H[]FBFJW ........................................................
.............................................. .......... 9> 
KX[FQJ CK HGS[HGF×D< LKNK CK K K@KYEKDGFH
@KYEKDGFH V/J GJJYCFDHCJY GJ JYCFDHCJY .................................. 95 
Kqufpj ck hgtuhgf÷d< Kqufpj ck prf`krh fdtkrvkdgf÷d ‒Irfehch‐  ...................................
 .......................................................
.................... 95 
Kqufpj ck hgtuhgf÷d< Kqufpj ck hbhr`h y kvhguhgf÷d ‒Irfehch‐ ........................................................ 95 
Kqufpj ck hgtuhgf÷d< Kqufpj ck prf`krjs huxfbfjs ‒Irfehch‐ ............................................................. 95 
5.;.GJJYCFDHCJYKW CK K^HG[HGF× K^HG[HGF×D D .........................................................................................
.................................................... ..................................... 9= 
=.  JYEHYFEYH@H CK GJ@FSÆ CK K@KYEKDGFHW  ................................................................. 9= 

6.  Erupjs kxtkrdjs<................................................................................................................................. 96 

6.8. Kdtfchc mjspfthbhrfh< ..............................................

.................................................................................................. .................... 96 
........................................................................

6.9. H`iubhdgfh< ...............................................................................................

......................................... .........................................................................................
................................... 96 
6.7. Kdtfchcks ck skrvfgfjs püibfgjs<............................................... ....................................................... 96 
püibfgjs<..................................................................................................
81.   Ykpjrtks ck
c k k`krekdgfhs ................................................................................................ .................... 71 
....................................................................................................................
81.8. Qrjgkcf`fkdtj
Qrjgk cf`fkdtj ck djtfnfghgf÷d ck bh k`krekdgfh .........................................................................
.............................................. ........................... 71 
Fdnjr`hgf÷d h su`fdfstrhr .................................................................................................................... 71 
81.9. Djtfnfghgf÷d kxtkrdh ck k`krekdgk`krekdgfh fh dfvkb .......................................................................................
.................................................. ..................................... 71 
Qrjgkcf`fkdtj ekdkrhb kd k`krekdgfhs phrh tjcj kb pkrsjdhb  ...................................................... 71 
81.7. Ykspuksths h k`krekdgfhs .......................................
............................................................................................. .................. 78 
........................................................................
@hdklj htkdgf÷d ck ud sfdfkstrj Hdtks ck bjs sfdfkstrjs< ..............................................
.........................................................................
........................... 78 
Curhdtk kb kvkdtj< ................................................................
 .......................................................................................................................
.................................................................
.......... 78 
Ckspuæs ck kvkdtj<  ..........................................................................................................
 ........................................................ ......................................................................
.................... 78 
88.   Shibh Gjjrcfdhgf÷d ck k`krekdg
k`krekdgfhs fhs kd bh kksgkdhsgkdh ..............................................................................
................................................... ........................... 79 
89.   Qrjgkcf`fkdtjs jpkrhtfvjs djr` djr`hbfzhcjs ............................................. .............................................. 79 
hbfzhcjs ...........................................................................................
89.8. QYJGKCF@FKDSJ JQKYH JQKYHSF^J SF^J DJY@HBF\HCJW (QJD) ....................................................
................................................... . 77 
89.9. QJD CK Ykpjrtk
Yk pjrtk ck k`krekdgfhs ...............................................................................................
........................................................................... .................... 77 
89.7.  QJD Ck sfs`j ................................................................................................
........................................... .................................................................................
............................ 73 
89.3.QJD ck kvhguhgf÷d
kvhguhg f÷d ......................................................................................................................
........................................................................................... ........................... 7; 
89.;.QJD ck fdgkdcfj .......................................................................................................................... 7> 
KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191
Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 7  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

89.>.QJD kxpbjsf÷d ............................................................................... .............................................. 75 

............................. ................................................................................................
87.  Qbhdjs ck kvhguhgf÷d.......................................................................................................................... 7= 
83.  Yuths ck kvhguhgf÷d ...................................................
....................................................................................................... .................... 7= 
........................................................................
8;.  Nhsks ck bh kvhguhgf÷d ....................................................................................................................... 7= 
8;.8. Cktkggf÷d ...............................................
................................................................................................... ..................................... 7= 
.........................................................................................
8;.9. Hbhr`h ...................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................. ...............................................................
.......... 7= 
8;.7.  Qrkphrhgf÷d phrh bh shbfch ...................................................................................................
.............................................. ...............................................................
.......... 76 
8;.3.  Whbfch ...................................................
.......................................................................................................
.........................................................................................
..................................... 76 
8;.;.  Sfk`pj ck kvhguhgf÷d ........................................................................................................
................................................... ...............................................................
.......... 76 
8>.  Qudtj ck kdgukdtrj .............................................
................................................................................................ ............................. 76 
................................................................................
85.  Wf`ubhgrj ck k`krekdg
k`krekdgfhs fhs ...................................................
........................................................................................................
...............................................................
.......... 31 
85.8. Jilktfvj ck bjs sf`ubhgrjs ..................................................................... ..................................... 31 
..........................................................................................................

85.9. Wf`ubhgrj ekdkrhb ...............................................

...................................................................................................
........................................................................
.................... 31 
HDK]JW ................................................
.................................................................................................... .............................................. 38 
..................................................................................................
38 

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 3  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

FDSYJC[GGF×D

Sjch k`krekdgfh rkqufkrk ck prjgkcf`fkdtjs prkksthibkgfcjs phrh dkutrhbfzhr kb kvkdtj ck

`hdkrh rèpfch y knfghz. Kstjs prjgkcf`fkdtjs sk ihshd kd gèbgubjs y hdèbfsfs ck rfksejs quk djs
fdcfghd quk ks bj quk prjihibk`kdtk sugkckrè, ck ksth `hdkrh prkphrhrk`js hggfjdks
kspkgànfghs phrh gjdtrhrrksthr bh pjsfibk kvkdtuhbfchc.
Kstjs prjgkcf`fkdtjs rkqufkrkd hck`ès ckb gj`prj`fsj tjthb ck bh QHDHCKYFH KB
 ^KDHCFBBJ phrh ehrhdtfzhr su æxftj. [tfbfzhrk`js rkgursjs mu`hdjs (fdtkrdjs y kxtkrdjs),
Ykgursjs kgjd÷`fgjs (phrh hckguhr, ghphgfthr y cjthr) y `ætjcjs tkdcfkdtks h dj sjbj `hdklhr
bh k`krekdgfh, sfdj h chr sjbugfjdks h bh rkgupkrhgf÷d pjstkrfjr ck bh QHDHCKYFH KB
 ^KDHCFBBJ..
 ^KDHCFBBJ
Kb æxftj kd kb `hdklj ck udh k`krekdgfh ckpkdck ck su hdèbfsfs prkvfj, jrehdfzhgf÷d y
prjgkcf`fkdtjs quk sk mhyhd hcjpthcj.

Gjdjgkr bhs djr`hs quk ksthibkgkd bhs hgtfvfchcks ck prkvkdgf÷d, htkdgf÷d y rkgupkrhgf÷d kd
sftuhgfjdks ck ckshstrk, pkr`ftk h su ckstfdhthrfj skr gjdsgfkdtk ck bjs ckikrks y ckrkgmjs quk
kd kbbh sk gjdsherhd y quk iusghd kd kskdgfh bh prjtkggf÷d ckb ckrkgmj nudch`kdthb pjr
kxgkbkdgfh< kb ckrkgmj h bh vfch.
Bh rksjbugf÷d 818> ck 86=6 ckb @fdfstkrfj ck Srhihlj y Wkeurfchc Wjgfhb, rkebh`kdth quk tjch
k`prksh ckik jrehdfzhr y ckshrrjbbhr ud pbhd kspkgànfgj phrh k`krekdgfhs tkdfkdcj kd gukdth
bhs rh`hs prkvkdtfvh, kstrugturhb y ck gjdtrjb ck bhs `fs`hs.
Kb prkskdtk pbhd sk nudch`kdth kd bh kstrugturhgf÷d ksgrfth ck hggfjdks prkvkdtfvhs,
nudgfjdhbks y gjrrkgtfvhs, hdtks, curhdtk y ckspuæs ck ud sfdfkstrj, quk pkr`fth quk bh
QHDHCKYFH KB ^KDHCFBBJ, sk hchptk h bhs gjdcfgfjdks kd quk bhijrhd, hcqufrfr bjs
gjdjgf`fkdtjs y hgtftucks jrehdfzhtfvhs dkgkshrfhs phrh hgtuhr gjrrkgth`kdtk kd bh prkvkdgf÷d
gjdtrjb ck k`krekdgfhs.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< ;  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

L[WSFNFGHGF×D

Kd bh pbhdfnfghgf÷d ck trhth`fkdtjs ck k`krekdgfhs ckdtrj ckb h`ifkdtk bhijrhb ckikrèd

gjdsfckrhrsk bhs pjbàtfghs y prjgkcf`fkdtjs, quk kd hbeüd `j`kdtj ghch pkrsjdh tkdcrè
nudgfjdks y rkspjdshifbfchcks kd gjjpkrhgf÷d gjd bh hc`fdfstrhgf÷d ck bh QHDHCKYFH KB
 ^KDHCFBBJ,, pkrsjdhb ck prkvkdgf÷d ck hggfckdtks, kqufpjs ck prf`krjs huxfbfjs y jtrjs
 ^KDHCFBBJ
kqufpjs k fdcfvfcujs cksfedhcjs, gjd kb nfd ck gjdthr gjd ud h`ifkdtk ck trhihlj skeurj,
prjtkggf÷d hckguhch phrh bh shbuc ckb trhihlhcjr y sus cfstfdeufch gbfkdtkbh, htkdgf÷d ck
k`krekdgfhs fd`kcfhth y cknfdftfvh phrh pkrsjdhs bksfjdhchs j kdnkr`hs y udh hsfstkdgfh,
trhdspjrtk skeurj phrh bjs `fs`js.
Sjch phdhckràh, skh pkqukøh, `kcfhdh j erhdck, y ck guhbqufkr gbhsk ck hgtfvfchc kgjd÷`fgh,
rkqufkrk udh `àdf`h pkrj gjdnfhibk jrehdfzhgf÷d hdtk kvkdtjs ck k`krekdgfhs. Dfdeudh
phdhckràh, trhihlhcjr y/j gbfkdtk sk kdgukdtrh fd`udk h bjs knkgtjs fdckskhibks ck bjs erhdcks
ckshstrks, pjr thb quk
j udh pkrsjdh `jtfvj, ud rkgursj
pukch cfrfefr dkgkshrfj k fdcfspkdshibk
udh htkdgf÷d, ks bh Irfehch
gjd kb kqufpj phrh yK`krekdgfhs
dkgkshrfj sunfgfkdtk,
jpkrhtfvh`kdtk hsfsth h bh prjphehgf÷d y `ftfehgf÷d ck ckshstrks phrh bh QHDHCKYFH KB
 ^KDHCFBBJ?? ksthrè cf`kdsfjdhch h bh `kcfch ck bhs dkgksfchcks prjpfhs ckb usuhrfj fdgbusfvk,
 ^KDHCFBBJ
kd hpjyj h bh gj`udfchc cjdck sk kdgukdtrh hskdthch ekjerènfgh`kdtk, kd hpbfghgf÷d hb
prjykgtj gjdstftugfjdhb ck bh sjbfchrfchc sjgfhb.
Qjr bj thdtj bh QHDHCKYFH KB ^KDHCFBBJ ch gu`pbf`fkdtj gjd bjs rkqukrf`fkdtjs
ksthibkgfcjs pjr bh bkefsbhgf÷d Gjbj`ifhdh kd `htkrfh ck Qbhd ck k`krekdgfhs.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS
QÁEFDH< >  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

JILKSF^JW

8.8.  Jilktfvj Ekdkrhb

Ksthibkgkr ud `kghdfs`j cjgu`kdthcj ck prkvkdgf÷d, cktkggf÷d y gjdtrjb jpjrtudh ck bhs

k`krekdgfhs quk sk pukchd prkskdthr kd bhs cfstfdths jpkrhgfjdks kd bh QHDHCKYFH KB
 ^KDHCFBBJ y pukch pjdkr kd pkbferj bh ksthifbfchc ck bh jrehdfzhgf÷d.

8.9.  Jilktfvjs Kspkgànfgjs

Fckdtfnfghr bhs h`kdhzhs fdtkrdhs y kxtkrdhs quk pukchd hnkgthr h bhs pkrsjdhs, hb `kcfj
h`ifkdtk y h bh jrehdfzhgf÷d.
Kbhijrhr `ktjcjbjeàh kspkgànfgh phrh kb hdèbfsfs ck vubdkrhifbfchc.
Fckdtfnfghgf÷d ck bhs gjdcfgfjdks hgtuhbks ck bjs rkgursjs kxfstkdtks k fckdtfnfghgf÷d ck
rkgursjs dkgkshrfjs phrh bh rkspuksth fdfgfhb h udh k`krekdgfh.
Ksthibkgkr y `hdtkdkr kb Wfstk`h Gj`hdcj ck Fdgfckdtks prhgtfgj, knfghz y knfgfkdtk phrh
rkspjdckr h udh k`krekdgfh. DNQH 8;>8
Ksthibkgkr prjgkcf`fkdtjs jpkrhtfvjs djr`hbfzhcjs QJD³W phrh rks rkspuksth
puksth ck k`krekdgfhs.
Ksthibkgkr jrehdfzhgf÷d kd prkphrhgf÷d y rkspuksth hdtk udh k`krekdgfh.
Qkr`ftfr kb rkerksj h bhs hgtfvfchcks djr`hbks kd kb `kdjr tfk`pj pjsfibk bukej ck udh
k`krekdgfh tkdfkdcj sfk`prk gj`j prfjrfchc kb `kdjr trhu`htfs`j pjsfibk kd bh
gjdtfdufchc ckb skrvfgfj.
@fdf`fzhr kb tfk`pj ck rkhggf÷d, `jvfbfzhgf÷d, rkspuksth y shbfch (ck skr dkgkshrfj) ck bjs
jguphdtks ck bhs fdsthbhgfjdks kd ghsj ck udh k`krekdgfh.
Kvfthr j `fdf`fzhr bhs bksfjdks quk pukchd sunrfr bjs jguphdtks ck bhs fdsthbhgfjdks kd ghsj
ck ud sfdfkstrj.
Wkrvfr ck euàh phrh bh rkhbfzhgf÷d ck sf`ubhgrjs y prègtfghs (phrgfhbks j tjthbks) gjd bjs
jguphdtks mhiftuhbks.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 5  CK 33 

 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

9.  HBGHDGK

Kstk cjgu`kdtj mh sfcj kbhijrhcj phrh bh  bh  QHDHCKYFH KB ^KDHCFBBJ,

^KDHCFBBJ, sus fdsthbhgfjdks sk kdgukdtrhd
uifghchs kd bh Ghbbk 83 H D¼ 91-8;1 Ihrrfj Whdth Yfth FF, pjr bj thdtj guirk ck njr`h pkr`hdkdtk curhdtk bhs
93 mjrhs ckb càh tjcjs bjs dfvkbks ckb ksthibkgf`fkdtj, k`pbkhcjs y gbfkdtks quk bj jguphd. Chch bh
f`pjrthdgfh ck bhs hggfjdks ksthibkgfchs kd kb prkskdtk cjgu`kdtj kd ghsj ck prkskdthrsk udh sftuhgf÷d ck
k`krekdgfh rkhb j pjtkdgfhb ckdtrj ck bhs fdsthbhgfjdks `kdgfjdhchs, su gjdjgf`fkdtj, cfvubehgf÷d y
hpbfghgf÷d sk gjdsfckrh jibfehtjrfj pjr phrtk ck tjcjs bjs dfvkbks ck `hdcj y pkrsjdhb suihbtkrdj ckdtrj ckb
ksthibkgf`fkdtj. Ks rkspjdshifbfchc ck ghch udj ck bjs k`pbkhcjs ck su f`pbk`kdthgf÷d kb hskeurhrsk ck
mhgkr gu`pbfr bjs cfnkrkdtks prjgkcf`fkdtjs ck k`krekdgfh y quk kstjs, h su vkz gjrrkspjdchd h bhs
gjdcfgfjdks y dkgksfchcks hgtuhbks ckb ksthibkgf`fkdtj. 
ksthibkgf`fkdtj.  

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< =  CK 33 

 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

7.  @HYGJ SKJYFGJ

7.8.  Ebjshrfj

 HGGFCKDSK< Ks hggfckdtk ck trhihlj tjcj sugksj rkpkdtfdj quk sjirkvkdeh pjr ghush j
 HGGFCKDSK<
gjd jghsf÷d ckb trhihlj, y quk prjcuzgh kd kb trhihlhcjr udh bksf÷d jreèdfgh, udh
pkrturihgf÷d nudgfjdhb j psfqufètrfgh, udh fdvhbfckz j bh `ukrtk.

 HGGFJDKW CK GJDSYJB<
GJDSYJB< Hggf÷d ck kbf`fdhr j bf`fthr kb ckshrrjbbj ck ud sfdfkstrj, phrh
kvfthr j `fdf`fzhr sus gjdskgukdgfhs.
gjdskgukdgfhs.
 H[CFSJYFH< Qrjgksj sfstk`ètfgj, fdckpkdcfkdtk y cjgu`kdthcj phrh jitkdkr kvfckdgfhs
ck bh hucftjràh y kvhbuhrbhs ck `hdkrh jilktfvh gjd kb nfd ck cktkr`fdhr kb erhcj kd quk sk
gu`pbkd bjs grftkrfjs ck hucftjràh.
 H@KDH\H<< Qrjihifbfchc ck jgurrkdgfh ck ud
 H@KDH\H u d nkd÷`kdj j hggfckdtk quk gjdbbkvk
gjdb bkvk hb ckshstrk.
 HDÈBFWFW CK YFKWEJYFKWEJ<< Qrjgksj sfstk`ètfgj phrh kdtkdckr bh dhturhbkzh ckb rfksej y
ckcugfr kb dfvkb ckb rfksej.
 HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHIFBF
^[BDKYHIFBFCHC< CHC< Ks kb kstucfj ckdtrj ckb guhb sk hdhbfzhd bjs rfksejs -
hekdtks pkrturihcjrks, h bjs quk kstèd kxpukstjs thdtj bh pjibhgf÷d gj`j sus ifkdks, phrh
fdtkdthr kvfthr j `ftfehr cfgmjs knkgtjs ckstrugtfvjs, prkskrvhdcj bh vfch mu`hdh.
IYFEHCH QHYH K@KYEKDGFHW<
K@KYEKDGFHW< Kqufpj ck hggf÷d kspkgfhbfzhcj y kqufphcj, guyh
nfdhbfchc ks `fdf`fzhr bhs bksfjdks y pærcfchs quk sk pukchd prkskdthr gj`j gjdskgukdgfh
ck fdgkdcfjs y jtrj tfpj ck k`krekdgfhs rkbhgfjdhchs kd bh k`prksh ks ud kqufpj ck trhihlj
prfvhcj ck rkspuksth h k`krekdgfhs.
GKDSYHB CK GJ@[DFGHGFJDKW< Buehr quk pjr sus ghrhgtkràstfghs y nhgfbfchcks ck
gj`udfghgf÷d ks utfbfzhcj gj`j kb prfdgfphb pudtj ck hpjyj kd ksk hspkgtj curhdtk udh
k`krekdgfh.
GKDSYJ CK HSKDGF×D V GBHWFNFGHGF×D CK MKYFCJW (G.H.G.M.)< Buehr quk sk
jrehdfzh kd ghsj ck ud sfdfkstrj quk f`pbfquk erhd ghdtfchc ck bksfjdhcjs sf`ubtèdkh`kdtk
phrh rkhbfzhr kd kb ‒Srfhek‐ quk pkr`fth bh jptf`fzhgf÷d ck bjs rkgursjs ck htkdgf÷d y
trhdspjrtk ck bksfjdhcjs cfspjdfibks kd ksk `j`kdtj.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 6  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

GJ@HDCHDSK CK FDGFCKDSK<
FDGFCKDSK< Ks bh pkrsjdh quk hsu`k bh rkspjdshifbfchc ckb gj`hdcj ckb
Fdgfckdtk, ks ckgfr skrè qufkd cfrfefrè y gjjrcfdk tjchs bhs hgtfvfchcks h rkhbfzhrsk phrh bh
htkdgf÷d ck bh k`krekdgfh,
dkgkshrfh`kdtk hb fdfgfj ck bhsfkdcj
htkdgf÷d
nudgf÷d
ckb fdgfckdtk
ckb gj`hdchdtk
sfd f`pjrthr
ckb fdgfckdtk
kb th`højbhjck
gj`pbklfchc
f`pbk`kdthr
ck
kstk.
GJ@HDCJ CK FDGFCKDSKW< Ks
FDGFCKDSKW< Ks ièsfgh`kdtk udh mkrrh`fkdth phrh hskeurhr kb gjrrkgtj
ckskdvjbvf`fkdtj ck cfstrfiugf÷d ck bjs rkgursjs y pkrsjdhb curhdtk udh k`krekdgfh, gjd kb
nfd prfdgfphb ck bjerhr kb gj`hdcj, gjdtrjb y gjjrcfdhgf÷d ck bhs jpkrhgfjdks ck rkspuksth, ck
tjchs bhs fdstftugfjdks quk fdtkrvfkdkd phrh hbghdzhr `kths gj`udks, bjerhr ksthifbfzhr kb
Fdgfckdtk, prjtkekr bh vfch, bjs ifkdks y kb `kcfj h`ifkdtk.
GJDWJBFCHGF×D CKB GJDSYJB< Hgtfvfchcks
GJDSYJB<  Hgtfvfchcks quk sk rkhbfzhd hb nfdhb ck bh rkspuksth h
udh k`krekdgfh phrh hskeurhrsk ck quk dj mhy nukdtks pjtkdgfhbks ck rfksej hdtks ck
ckgbhrhr kb rkerksj h bh djr`hbfchc, j bh hgtfvhgf÷d ck pbhdks ck rkgupkrhgf÷d.
GJDSFDEKDGFH< Kvkdtj dj ckskhcj k f`prkvfstj quk ekdkrh cfnfgubthcks kd kb
nudgfjdh`fkdtj
ksthifbfchc, pjr klk`pbj
djr`hb ck
nhbbhs
udhkdjrehdfzhgf÷d,
bjs skrvfgfjs püibfgjs,
sfd quk dkgkshrfh`kdtk
kd kb su`fdfstrj pjdeh
ck `htkrfhs
kd pkbferj
prf`hs,
su
mukbehs, ktg. [dh k`krekdgfh pukck cklhr gj`j gjdskgukdgfh udh gjdtfdekdgfh y udh
gjdtfdekdgfh `hb `hdklhch pukck ckskdghckdhr udh k`krekdgfh.
GJJYCFDHCJY CK K^HG[HGF×D< 
K^HG[HGF×D<  Nhgfbfthcjr‐ ckb pbhd phrh ud èrkh kspkgànfgh, su
nudgf÷d ks bh ck hefbfzhr kb ckshrrjbbj ckb `fs`j sfrvfkdcj ck jrfkdthcjr y klk`pbj. Bh hggf÷d
ckb gjjrcfdhcjr dj ckik grkhr ckpkdckdgfh ck bjs jguphdtks mhgfh æb.
CKWHWSYK< Chøjs j hbtkrhgfjdks erhvks h bhs gjdcfgfjdks ck vfch ghushchs pjr<
CKWHWSYK< Chøjs
Nkd÷`kdjs Dhturhbks, Hggfjdks ckb mj`irk y Njr`h Hggfckdthb.
K@KYEKDGFH< Ks tjch sftuhgf÷d kd bh quk sk mh prjcugfcj ud sugksj fdgjdtrjbhcj j kd bh
K@KYEKDGFH<
quk sk prkvæ rhzjdhibk`kdtk quk sk prjcuzgh, ck njr`h fd`kcfhth, ud sugksj fdgjdtrjbhcj
ckb quk pukckd ckrfvhrsk chøjs f`pjrthdtks phrh bhs pkrsjdhs, nbjrh, nhudh, ifkdks j `kcfj
h`ifkdtk.
K@KYEKDGFH QHYGFHB<
QHYGFHB< Hggfckdtk quk phrh skr cj`fdhcj rkqufkrk bh hgtuhgf÷d ck
kqufpjs kspkgfhbks ckb skgtjr. Wus knkgtjs sk bf`fthd hb skgtjr y dj hnkgthd h bjs gjbfdchdtks
df h tkrgkrhs pkrsjdhs.
KWGKDHYFJ CK YFKWEJ< Mfp÷tksfs quk gjdsfckrh bh hgtfvhgf÷d ck udh nukdtk ck rfksej
kspkgànfgh kd udh zjdh kspkgànfgh ck bhs fdsthbhgfjdks quk kstèd sfkdcj kvhbuhchs. Ks bh ihsk
phrh ud gjrrkgtj hdèbfsfs ck rfksejs.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 81  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

K^HG[HGF×D< Gjdludtj ck hggfjdks cknfdfchs ck hdtk`hdj `kcfhdtk bhs guhbks bhs pkrsjdhs
h`kdhzhchs pjr hbeüd rfksej kd ud sftfj kspkgànfgj sk gjbjghd h shbvj pjr sus prjpfjs `kcfjs
`kcfhdtk su ckspbhzh`fkdtj mhsth y h trhvæs ck bjs buehrks ck `kdjr rfksej.
K^HB[HGF×D CK YFKWEJW<
YFKWEJW< Qrjgksj ekdkrhb ck kstf`hr bh `hedftuc ck ud rfksej y ckgfcfr sf
æstk ks tjbkrhibk j dj.
FCKDSFNFGHGF×D CKB QKBFEYJ< 
QKBFEYJ<  Qrjgksj phrh rkgjdjgkr sf kxfstk ud pkbferj y cknfdfr sus
ghrhgtkràstfghs.
FDGKDCFJ<  Nkd÷`kdj quk sk prkskdth guhdcj udj j vhrfjs `htkrfhbks fdnbh`hibks sjd
FDGKDCFJ< 
gjdsu`fcjs kd njr`h fdgjdtrjbhibk, ekdkrhdcj pærcfchs.
@KLJYH GJDSFD[H< Bh
GJDSFD[H< Bh `kljrh gjdtfduh ckb cksk`pkøj ebjihb ck bh jrehdfzhgf÷d ckikràh
skr ud jilktfvj pkr`hdkdtk ck æsth.
JYEHDFW@J K]SKYDJ CK WJGJYYJ< Jrehdfzhgf÷d j hutjrfchc quk kdtrk sus nudgfjdks
hpjyhd h bhs pkrsjdhs j fdstftugfjdks kd `j`kdtjs ck k`krekdgfh, Qjbfgàh, Ij`ikrjs, Gruz
Yjlh, Cknkdsh Gfvfb, HYB., Klærgftj, jtrhs.
QKBFEYJ<< Ks udh nukdtk j sftuhgf÷d gjd pjtkdgfhb ck chøj kd tær`fdjs ck bksf÷d j
QKBFEYJ
kdnkr`kchc, chøj h bh prjpfkchc, hb h`ifkdtk ck trhihlj j h udh gj`ifdhgf÷d
gj` ifdhgf÷d ck æstjs.
QBHD FDSKEYHB CK K@KYEKDGFHW<
K@KYEKDGFHW< Qbhd ck hutjprjtkggf÷d kd kb quk sk cknfdk bh jrehdfzhgf÷d
y kb gjdludtj ck `kcfjs y prjgkcf`fkdtjs ck hgtuhgf÷d, gjd kb nfd ck prkvkdfr bjs hggfckdtks ck
guhbqufkr tfpj y, kd ghsj, bf`fthr bjs knkgtjs kd kb fdtkrfjr ckb ksthibkgf`fkdtj.
Q[DSJ CK KDG[KDSYJ< Buehr ck ihlj rfksej cknfdfcj ck hdtk`hdj kd kb guhb bjs
jguphdtks ck ud sftfj ckgbhrhcj kd k`krekdgfh sk kdgukdtrhd gjd kb nfd ck pjdkrsk h shbvj y
cktkr`fdhr sf hbeufkd dj pucj shbfr phrh quk sk fdfgfk su rksghtk pjr phrtk ck erupjs
kspkgfhbfzhcjs.
YKWGHSK< (Iüsqukch
(Iüsqukch y rksghtk) hggfjdks `kcfhdtk bhs guhbks bjs erupjs kspkgfhbfzhcjs,
kxtkrdjs hb èrkh
quk dj mhyhd j h bhshbfr
pjcfcj kcfnfghgf÷d,
`kcfhdtkbjghbfzhd y shghd
ud prjgksj h bhs pkrsjdhs h`kdhzhchs j hnkgthchs
ck kvhguhgf÷d.
YKWQ[KWSH KWQKGFHBF\HCH<
KWQKGFHBF\HCH< Ykspuksth nrkdtk h bh k`krekdgfh quk ckshrrjbbhd bjs erupjs
gj`j bh irfehch, `hdtkdf`fkdtj, kdghrehcjs ck bh gkdtrhb ck gj`udfghgfjdks, vfefbhdgfh,
jrehdfs`js kxtkrdjs ck sjgjrrj, ktg.
YFKWEJ< Gj`ifdhgf÷d ck bh prjihifbfchc y bhs gjdskgukdgfhs ck quk jgurrh ud kvkdtj
pkbferjsj kspkgfnfghcj.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 88  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

YFKWEJ SJBKYHIBK<
SJBKYHIBK< Yfksej quk sk mh rkcugfcj h ud dfvkb quk bh jrehdfzhgf÷d pukck
sjpjrthr rkspkgtj h sus jibfehgfjdks bkehbks y su prjpfh pjbàtfgh ck Wkeurfchc y Whbuc kd kb
Srhihlj.
WKE[YFCHC< Gjdcfgf÷d ck ksthr bfirk ck ud rfksej ck chøj fdhgkpthibk.

WF@[BHGYJ< Ks bh rkprkskdthgf÷d y klkgugf÷d ck rkspuksths ck prjtkggf÷d. Ykhbfzhcj pjr

WF@[BHGYJ<
ud gjdludtj ck pkrsjdhs hdtk bh prkskdgfh ck udh sftuhgf÷d ck k`krekdgfh nfgtfgfh. Kd æb sk
sf`ubhd cfnkrkdtks ksgkdhrfjs, bj `ès gkrghdj h bh rkhbfchc, gjd kb nfd ck prjihr y prkphrhr
udh rkspuksth knfghz hdtk pjsfibks sftuhgfjdks rkhbks ck ckshstrk bbkvhrbjs h ghij.

WFDFKWSYJ< Kvkdtj rkpkdtfdj, dj pbhdkhcj quk pukch tkdkr gjdskgukdgfhs dkehtfvhs sjirk
kb sfstk`h (k`prksh), pjr klk`pbj chøjs, bksfjdks, pærcfchs.

SÈGSFGH< Wk rknfkrk hb gj`j ck bh kstrhtkefh cknfdfch, kd bjs pbhdks ck k`krekdgfh sk

gjdgkdtrh kd fdstrugtfvjs, pbhdjs, njr`htjs phrh skr cfbfekdgfhcjs y kvkdtuhb`kdtk
prjgkcf`fkdtj jpkrhtfvjs djr`hbfzhcjs.
SKYYJYFW@J<  Hggfjdks bjghbfzhchs ck chøj pjr bj ekdkrhb `hdklhchs kd njr`h cfnkrfch (kd kb
ksphgfj j kd kb tfk`pj). Gj`prkdck kxpbjsfjdks (ij`ihs), fdgkdcfj fdtkdgfjdhb, j h`kdhzh ck
ij`ih, y kd ekdkrhb tjcj tfpj ck kvkdtjs gjd bh ghrhgtkràstfgh ck skr bjghbfzhcjs kd pudtjs cjdck
su knkgtj pukch kxtkdckrsk rèpfch`kdtk phrh prjcugfr kb `hyjr chøj pjsfibk, j kd pudtjs
nègfb`kdtk hggksfibks cksck buehrks püibfgjs. Kstk tfpj ck hggfjdks fdgbuyk bhs h`kdhzhs quk
prjcugkd ck pjr sà ud chøj psfgjb÷efgj kd bhs pjsfibks vàgtf`hs.
SYFHEK< Wk rknfkrk h bh vhbjrhgf÷d prkbf`fdhr y gbhsfnfghgf÷d ck bjs phgfkdtks skeüd su ksthcj
gjd kb nfd ck prfjrfzhr hqukbbjs ghsjs `ès gràtfgjs pkrj gjd pjsfifbfchcks hgkpthibks ck
rkgupkrhgf÷d, kstj gjd kb nfd ck jptf`fzhr bjs rkgursjs cfspjdfibks ck htkdgf÷d y trhdspjrtk.
trhdspjrtk .
 ^[BDKYHIFBFCHC< Erhcj kd quk ud sfdfkstrj pukck hnkgthr dkehtfvh`kdtk h ud sfstk`h
(K`prksh).
\JDH< mhgk rknkrkdgfh h ud gjdludtj ck èrkhs, pfsjs j ijckehs quk skhd hgkpthibk`kdtk
mj`jeædkjs kd guhdtj h bhs nukdtks j bjs knkgtjs
kn kgtjs ck bjs cfnkrkdtks rfksejs.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 89  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

3.  @HYGJ BKEHB

BKV 6 CK 8656< G÷cfej
8656< G÷cfej Whdfthrfj Dhgfjdhb.

BKV 811 CK 8667< Qjr

8667< Qjr bh guhb sk grkh kb Wfstk`h ck Wkeurfchc Wjgfhb Fdtkerh.

BKV 8;>9 CK 9189< 

9189<  Qjr bh guhb sk `jcfnfgh kb Wfstk`h ck Yfksejs Bhijrhbks y sk cfgthd
jtrhs cfspjsfgfjdks kd `htkrfh ck Whbuc Jguphgfjdhb.
CKGYKSJ-BKV 686 CK 86=6<  86=6<  Qjr kb guhb sk jrehdfzh kb Wfstk`h Dhgfjdhb phrh bh
Qrkvkdgf÷d y Htkdgf÷d ck Ckshstrks y sk cfgthd jtrhs cfspjsfgfjdks.

CKGYKSJ 896; CK 8663< 

8663<  Qjr kb guhb sk cktkr`fdh bh jrehdfzhgf÷d y hc`fdfstrhgf÷d ckb
Wfstk`h Ekdkrhb ck Yfksejs Qrjnksfjdhbks.
CKGYKSJ 8159 CK 918;< Qjr
918;< Qjr `kcfj ckb guhb sk kxpfck kb Ckgrktj Üdfgj Ykebh`kdthrfj ckb
Wkgtjr Srhihlj.

YKWJB[GF×D 8888 CK 9185< Kstèdchrks

9185< Kstèdchrks `àdf`js ck WE-WWS.

YKWJB[GF×D 9311 CK 8656<

8656< Ksthtutj ck Wkeurfchc Fdcustrfhb.

YKWJB[GF×D 818> CK 86=6< Qjr

86=6< Qjr bh guhb sk rkebh`kdth bh jrehdfzhgf÷d, nudgfjdh`fkdtj y
njr`h ck bjs Qrjerh`hs ck Whbuc Jguphgfjdhb quk ckikd ckshrrjbbhr bjs phtrjdjs j
k`pbkhcjrks kd kb phàs.

YKWJB[GF×D 9;> CK 9183<

ghphgfthgf÷d y kdtrkdh`fkdtj9183 < Qjr
phrh bhs `kcfj
irfehchsckgjdtrhfdgkdcfjs
bh guhb sk rkebh`kdth bh gjdnjr`hgf÷d,
ck bjs skgtjrks kdkreætfgj,
fdcustrfhb, pktrjbkrj, `fdkrj, pjrtuhrfj, gj`krgfhb y sf`fbhr kd Gjbj`ifh.

DSG  ‗ JMWHW 8=118< Wfstk`hs ck Ekstf÷d kd Wkeurfchc y Whbuc Jguphgfjdhb.

DNQH 818< G÷cfej
818< G÷cfej ck Wkeurfchc Mu`hdh

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 87  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

DNQH ;111< G÷cfej
;111< G÷cfej ck bh gjdstruggf÷d.

DSG 83>8< Mfefkdk
83>8< Mfefkdk y skeurfchc. Gjbjrks y skøhbks ck skeurfchc.

DSG 8511< Mfefkdk
8511< Mfefkdk y skeurfchc.
skeurf chc. @kcfjs ck skeurfchc kd kcfnfghgfjdks, `kcfjs ck kvhguhgf÷d.
kvhguhgf÷d.

DSG 9==;< Kxtfdtjrks
9==;< Kxtfdtjrks pjrtètfbks gjdtrh fdgkdcfjs.

DSG 7793< Ekdkrhbfchcks,
7793< Ekdkrhbfchcks, rkgj`kdchgfjdks phrh bh jrehdfzhgf÷d ck irfehchs
gjdtrhfdgkdcfjs prfvhchs.
prfvhchs.
DSG 38>>< Kqufpjs
38>>< Kqufpjs ck prjtkggf÷d y kxtfdgf÷d ck fdgkdcfjs.
DSG ;9;3< Ekstf÷d
;9;3< Ekstf÷d ck Yfksej

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 83  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

;.  CKWGYFQGFÙD CKB KWSHIBKGF@FKDSJ

FDNJY@HGFÙD EKDKYHB
Dj`irk Dft< Ykprkskdthdtk Bkehb
QHDHCKYFH KB ^KDHCFBBJ 7;316;;7-> Buz @frfhd Dkfrh Kspfdkb
Cfrkggf÷d
Ghbbk 83ª D¼ 91-8;1 Whdth Yfth FF
Skbænjdj Gjrrkj Kbkgtr÷dfgj
7897681369 Bsjnfhs78phgmjdAe`hfb.gj`  
Bsjnfhs78phgmjdAe`hfb.gj`
Høj ck Gjdstruggf÷d Høj ck Fdfgfj Jpkrhgfjdks
9111 9113
Hgtfvfchc Kgjd÷`fgh
QHDHCKYFH

G÷cfej ck bh hgtfvfchc kgjd÷`fgh< 81=8 DF^KB CK Dj`irk HYB< Dj

YFKEJ<78;;819
Sfpj ck Wkgtjr kgjd÷`fgj< Qüibfgj< ] Qrfvhcj< @fxtj<

;.8.  [ifghgf÷d Ekjerènfgh<

BFDCKYJW CKWGYQGF×D
DJYSK QHYX[KHCKYJ
W[Y Ghbbk 83ª 91-8;1
JKWSK W[QKY@KYGHCJ
KWSK GHYDFGKYFH

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 8;  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

;.9.  Cksgrfpgf÷d ck bh k`prksh 

k`prksh 

QHDHCKYFH KB ^KDHCFBBJ, ks ud ksthibkgf`fkdtj ck prjcuggf÷d y vkdth ck Qhd, Qhd, th`ifæd

ck rkpjstkràh y phstkbkràh phrh bhs pkrsjdhs ckb gj`üd, bhs pkrsjdhs quk trhihlhd kd bh
phdhckràh sjd `uy prjnksfjdhbks kd bh htkdgf÷d hb gbfkdtk y sfd jbvfchr bh rkspjdshifbfchc quk
tfkdk kd kstk buehr gj`j rkgfifr h bjs gbfkdtks gjd bjs `kljrks tær`fdjs, mhgkr ud hskj hckguhcj
phrh quk sk vkh prkskdthibk kb ksthibkgf`fkdtj phrh bjs gbfkdtks quk vfkdkd h hcqufrfr bjs
skrvfgfjs.

;.7.  Cksgrfpgf÷d ck pkrsjdhb

QHDHCKYFH KB ^KDHCFBBJ
QKYWJDHB DJ@IYK NFLJ SK@QJYHB
Qrjpfkthrfh Buz @frfh` Dkfrh Kspfdkb 8
Qrjpfkthrfj Kdrfquk Whbvhcjr Qhgm÷d 8
Qhdhckrj,phstkbkrj Lmjd Nrkcy @hrtàdkz 8
Huxfbfhr Ehirfkb Dhvhrrj 8
@kskrj(h) Qhjbh Qhgm÷d 8

;.3.  Cksgrfpgf÷d gbfkdtkbh<

@KWHW GHQHGFCHC KCHC

7 91 Sjchs bhs kchcks

;.;.  MJYHYFJW<

QBHDSKB MJYHYFJ CFHW

><11 h` H 81<11 p` Budks h Cj`fdej
Qhdhckràh

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 8>  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

;.>.  Ykgursjs phrh bh htkdgf÷d ck udh k`krekdgfh

@KCFJW CK WF DJ D¼   [IFGHGF×
[IFGHGF×D
D JIWKY^HGFJDKW
JIWKY^HGFJDKW
K]SFDGF×D
K]SFDSJYKW ] 8 Bhvhpbhtjs Ck = Bi
QJYSHSFBKW
WKØHBF\HGF×D CK Y[SH
Qhdhckràh
K^HG[HGFJD ]
IJSFX[FD ] 8 @ks÷d
GH@FBBH(NKBB) ] 1

 HBHY@H WJDJYH ] 8 Hb bhcj ck bh Qftj

ghlh
rkefstrhcjrh

>.   Hdèbfsfs ck ^ubdkrhifbfchc

Gjd kb hdèbfsfs ck vubdkrhifbfchc ksth`js kd ghphgfchc ck kbhijrhr prjgkcf`fkdtjs prkvkdtfvjs

gjd hdtkbhgf÷d hb mkgmj, pkr`ftfædcjdjs prjtkekr bhs fdsthbhgfjdks, pkrsjdhb, rkhbfzhr prègtfghs y
sf`ubhgrjs. Ck ksth `hdkrh rkcugfrk`js bhs gjdskgukdgfhs kd ghsj ck quk jgurrh guhbqufkr
fdgfckdtk.
GHBF
GHBFNFG
NFGHG
HGFF D CK BH H@
H@KD
KDH\
H\HW
HW
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H@KDH\H   N[KDSK CK BH GHBFNFGHGFJD  FDSKYQYKSHGF×D JIWKY^HGFJDKW
WF/DJ H@KDH\H
S GDFGJ
 Hb`hgkdh`fkdtj ck bfgjr y Kb kvkdtj dj mh Dj gukdthd gjd
Fdgkdcfjs Dj jtrjs. Qjsfibk jgurrfcj kd bhs cktkgtjrks ck
fdsthbhgfjdks. mu`j.
Ksghpk Kb kvkdtj dj mh
ck ehs. Wf Ehs dhturhb. Qjsfibk jgurrfcj kd bhs
Fdsthbhgfjdks.
Nhbbh [ifghg f÷d ck bh gfuchc
[ifghgf÷d Kb kvkdtj dj mh
kstrugturhb Wf sjirk nhbbhs ekjb÷efghs. Qjsfibk jgurrfcj kd bhs
fdsthbhgfjdks.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 85  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

Nhbbhs ck Kb kvkdtj dj mh Dj gukdth gjd

Kqufpjs. Wf Gjdkxfjdks ck kqufpjs. Qjsfibk jgurrfcj kd bhs ksthifbfzhcjrks
fdsthbhgfjdks. phrh bjs kqufpjs.
 Hb`hgkdh`fkdtj ck ck Kb kvkdtj dj mh Wk kdgukdtrh
Ckrrh`ks Wf utkdsfbfjs phrh kb hskj. Qjsfibk jgurrfcj kd bhs kd prjgksj ck
fdsthbhgfjdks. uifghgf÷d hgjrck.
Fdudchgf÷d Nhbbhs fdtkrdhs kd kb Kb kvkdtj dj mh Wk rkgj`fkdch bh
Wf nudgfjdh`fkdtj ck tuikràhs Qjsfibk jgurrfcj rkvfsf÷d ck
ck heuh. tuikràhs.
F`pbk`kdthr
Yfksej  Htkdgfjdks kd prf`krj
prf`krjss  Hggfckdtks ck prjgkcf`fkdtjs
Ifjb÷efgj Wf huxfbfjs h sus gbfkdtks. Qjsfibk prf`krjs huxfbfjs nrkdtk h bh
dj mh jgurrfcj. jgurrkdgfh ck
kvkdtjs.
Fdtjxfghgf÷d Fdhckguhcj prjgkcf`fkdtj Kb kvkdtj dj mh Bjs hbf`kdtjs sjd
 Hbf`kdthrfh Wf ck bhs iukdhs prègtfghs ck Qjsfibk jgurrfcj nrksgjs phrh bh
@hdfpubhgf÷d. prkphrhgf÷d.
Kb kvkdtj dj mh Wk gukdth gjd bh
Gjrtj jgurrfcj kd bhs prjerh`hgf÷d ckb
gfrguftj Wf Fdsthbhgfjdks kbægtrfghs. Qjsfibk fdsthbhgfjdks. `hdtkdf`fkdtj
prkvkdtfvj y
gjrrkgtfvj.

WJGFHB
Skrrjrfs`j Wftuhgf÷d sjgfhb Kb kvkdtj dj mh jgurrfcj kd bhs Gukdthd gjd kb hpjyj
Wf Qjsfibk   ck bh
Fdsthbhgfjdks.
rkc pjbfgfhb
Kb kvkdtj dj mh jgurrfcj kd bhs Gukdthd gjd kb hpjyj ck
Wftuhgf÷d sjgfhb ckb
 Htkdthcj Wf phàs y bh gfuchc. Qjsfibk fdsthbhgfjdks. bh rkc pjbfgfhb

 Hshbtjs y Wftuhgf÷d sjgfhb ckb Kb kvkdtj dj mh jgurrfcj kd bhs Gukdthd gjd

Yjijs Wf phàs y bh gfuchc. Qjsfibk vfefbhdgfh kd
Fdsthbhgfjdks.
kb skgtjr
DHS[YHB
Kb kvkdtj mh sugkcfcj pkrj gjd pjgh Bh kcfnfghgf÷d dj ks
@jvf`fkdtj fdtkdsfchc, sfd chøjs kd bh kstrugturh sfs`j rksfstkdtk.
sàs`fgj Wf Nkd÷`kdj Dhturhb Qrjihibk nàsfgh.

Qukck sugkckr pjr bhs

Kb kvkdtj dj jgurrfcj.
Fdudchgf÷d Dj Nkd÷`kdj Dhturhb Qjsfibk hbths bbuvfhs kd bh gfuchc.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 8=  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

>.8.   HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHIFBFC

^[BDKYHIFBFCHC
HC KD BHW QKYWJDHW

HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHIFBFCHC KD BHW QKYWJDHW

Q[DSJ H GHBFNFGHY
GHBFNFGHGFJD
WF 0 1 DJ08 JIWKY^HGFJDKW
QHYGFHB01.;
8. JYEHDF\HGF×D

Kxfstk udh pjbàtfgh ekdkrhb kd Whbuc

Jguphgfjdhb cjdck sk fdcfgh bh prkvkdgf÷d y 8
prkphrhgf÷d phrh hnrjdthr udh k`krekdgfh:
Kxfstk ud kqufpj phrh bh htkdgf÷d ck
k`krekdgfhs y tfkdk nudgfjdks hsfedhchs: 1.;

Bh Qhdhckràh phrtfgfph y prj`ukvk hgtfvh`kdtk

kb prjerh`h ck prkphrhgf÷d phrh k`krekdgfhs: 1

Mhy udh pkrsjdh gjd

Kxfstk irfehch ck k`krekdgfhs: 1.; gjdjgf`fkdtjs ck
k`krekdgfhs.

Kxfstkd fdstru`kdtjs j njr`htjs phrh rkhbfzhr

fdspkggfjdks h bhs èrkhs phrh fckdtfnfghr 1.;
gjdcfgfjdks fdskeurhs quk pukchd ekdkrhr
k`krekdgfhs:
Kxfstkd fdstru`kdtjs j njr`htjs phrh rkhbfzhr
fdspkggfjdks h bjs kqufpjs 1.;
[tfbfzhcjs kd k`krekdgfhs.
Qrj`kcfj ck Jrehdfzhgf÷d 1,9
9. GHQHGFSHGF×D
Wk gukdth gjd ud prjerh`h ck ghphgfthgf÷d kd
prkvkdgf÷d y gjdtrjb ck k`krekdgfhs: 1.;

Bjs `fk`irjs ckb gj`ftæ

gj`ft æ ck
k`krekdgfhs sk kdgukdtrhd 1,;

Ghphgfthcjs:
Bhs pkrsjdhs mhd rkgfifcj ghphgfthgf÷d ekdkrhb
kd tk`hs ièsfgjs ck k`krekdgfhs y kd ekdkrhb 1
shikd bhs pkrsjdhs hutj prjtkekrsk:
Kb pkrsjdhb ck bh irfehch mh rkgfifcj Qjr bh ghdtfchc pkrsjdhb dj
kdtrkdh`fkdtj y ghphgfthgf÷d kd tk`hs ck 1 mhy irfehch thb, pkrj bh
prkvkdgf÷d y gjdtrjb ck k`krekdgfhs: pkrsjdh quk kstè kd kb
shb÷d tfkdk gjdjgf`fkdtjs.
Ksth cfvubehcj kb pbhd ck
ck Kd prjgksj ck
k`krekdgfhs y kvhguhgf÷d: 1 njr`hgf÷d
Wk gukdth gjd `hduhbks, njbbktjs gj`j `htkrfhb Kd prjgksj ck
ck cfnusf÷d kd tk`hs ck prkvkdgf÷d y gjdtrjb ck 8 njr`hgf÷d
k`krekdgfhs:
KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191
Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 86  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

Qrj`kcfj ck Ghphgfthgf÷d 1,7

7. CJSHGF×D
Kxfstk cjthgf÷d pkrsjdhb phrh kb pkrsjdhb ck bh
irfehch y ckb gj`ftæ ck k`krekdgfhs: 8
Wk tfkdkd f`pbk`kdtjs ièsfgjs ck prf`krjs
huxfbfjs kd ghsj ck rkqukrfrsk: 1
ºWk gukdth gjd f`pbk`kdtjs ièsfgjs phrh kb
gjdtrjb ck fdgkdcfjs thbks gj`j, kxtfdtjrks 1
dkgkshrfjs phrh bh Qhdhckràh:
Wk gukdth gjd f`pbk`kdtjs ièsfgjs phrh kb rksghtk
ck pkrsjdhs y ifkdks: 1
Qrj`kcfj ck Cjthgf÷d 1,9

>.9.   HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHIFBFC

^[BDKYHIFBFCHC
HC KD BJW YKG[YWJW

HD BFWF
BFWFW
W CK ^[
^[BDKY
BDKYHIF
HIFBFCH
BFCHC
C KD BJ
BJW
W YKG
YKG[YW
[YWJW
JW

Q[DSJ H GHBFNFGHY GHBFNFGHGFJD JIWKY^HGFJDKW

WF 0 1 DJ08
QHYGFHB01.;
8. @HSKYFHBKW
Kxfstk kbk`kdtjs nègfb`kdtk gj`iustfibks k 1
fdnbh`hibks
Wk gukdth gjd kxtfdtjrks: 1
Wk gukdth gjd gh`fbbhs: 8
Wk gukdth gjd ijtfqufdks: 1
Qrj`kcfj ck @htkrfhbks 1,7
9. KCFNFGHGFJDKW
Kb tfpj ck gjdstruggf÷d ks sfs`j
sfs`j
rksfstkdtk: 1

Sfkdk prjtkggf÷d nàsfgh, ihrrkrhs, cfquks, pukrths

y `urjs gjrthnukej: 8
Kxfstk `ès ck udh shbfch: 8
Kxfstkd ruths ck kvhguhgf÷d: 1
1
Kstèd skøhbfzhchs vàhs ck kvhguhgf÷d y kqufpjs
gjdtrhfdgkdcfjs
Qrj`kcfj ck Kcfnfghgfjdks 1,3

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 91  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

7. KX[FQJW
Wk gukdth gjd hbeüd sfstk`h ck hbhr`hs: 1 Qftj

Wk gukdth
gj`udfghgfjdks: gjd ud sfstk`h ck 1 Skbænjdjs `÷vfbks
Kxfstkd mfcrhdtks püibfgjs y/j
y/j prfvhcjs: 8

1.; Kd prjgksj
Wk gukdth gjd prjerh`h ck `hdtkdf`fkdtj
prkvkdtfvj phrh bjs kqufpjs ck k`krekdgfh

Qrj`kcfj ck Kqufpjs 1,7

>.7.   HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHIFBFC

^[BDKYHIFBFCHC
HC KD BJW WFWSK@HW
WFWSK@HW V QYJGKWJW

HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHIFBFCHC KD BJW WFWSK@HW V QYJGKWJW

GHBFNFGHGFJD
Q[DSJ H GHBFNFGHY WF 0 1 DJ08 JIWKY^HGFJDKW
QHYGFHB01.;
8. WKY^FGFJW Q[IBFGJW
Wk gukdth gjd iukd su`fdfstrj ck kdkreàh: 1
Wk gukdth gjd iukd su`fdfstrj ck heuh: 1

Wk gukdth gjd iukd sfstk`h ck hbghdthrfbbhcj: 1

Wk gukdth gjd ud iukd prjerh`h ck 1
rkgjbkggf÷d ck ihsurhs:
Wk gukdth gjd iukd skrvfgfj ck rhcfj 1
gj`udfghgfjdks: 1,1 Gkbubhrks
Qrj`kcfj Wkrvfgfjs Qüibfgjs
9. WFWSK@HW HBSKYDJW
Wk gukdth gjd ud thdquk ck rkskrvh ck heuh: 1
Wk gukdth gjd mfcrhdtks kxtkrfjrks: 8
Jpkrhgf÷d kd jtrj buehr: 8
Wk gukdth gjd ud iukd sfstk`h ck vfefbhdgfh 1
nàsfgh:
Wk gukdth gjd ud sfstk`h ck gj`udfghgf÷d 8
cfnkrkdtk hb püibfgj:
Qrj`kcfj Wfstk`hs Hbtkrdjs 1,>

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 98  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

7. YK
YKG G[QK
QKY
YHG
HGFF D
Wk gukdth gjd hbeüd sfstk`h ck skeurj phrh bjs 1 KQW
k`pbkhcjs:
Wk kdgukdtrh hskeurhch bh kcfnfghgf÷d kd ghsj 8
ck tkrrk`jtj, fdgkdcfj, htkdthcjs tkrrjrfsth
ktg.:
Wk kdgukdtrhd hskeurhcjs bjs kqufpjs y tjcjs 8
bjs ifkdks kd ekdkrhb:
Qrj`kcfj Ykgupkrhgf÷d 1,5

>.3.   HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHI

^[BDKYHIFBFCHC
FBFCHC
HDÈBFWFW CK ^[BDKYHIFBFCHC

Nkgmh< Wkptfk`irk 9185

GHBFNFGHGF×D FDSKYQYKSHGF×D
FDSKYQYKSHGF×D GJBJY
KD BHW QKYWJDHW
Jrehdfzhgf÷d 1,9
Ghphgfthgf÷d 1,7
Cjthgf÷d 1,9
SJSHB QKYWJDHW 1,5 IHLH ^krck

KD BJW YKG[YWJW
@htkrfhbks 1,7
Kcfnfghgf÷d 1,3
Kqufpjs 1,7
SJSHB YKG[YWJW 8,1 IHLH ^krck
WFWSK@HW V QYJGKWJW

Wfstk`hs hbtkrdjs 1,>

Ykgupkrhgf÷d 1,5
8,7 @KCFH H`hrfbbj
SJSHB WFWSK@HW V QYJGKWJW
YHDEJ GHBFNFGHGFJD GJBJY

1.1 - 8.1 IHLH ^KYCK

8.8 - 9.1 @KCFH H@HYFBBJ
9.8 - 7.1 HBSJ YJLJ

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 99  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

Bh `ktjcjbjeàh h skeufr skrè<

>.;.  Fckdtfnfghgf÷d ck bh h`kdhzh< Kd cjdck sk ksthibkgk bh pjsfifbfchc ck jgurrkdgfh ck ud
nkd÷`kdj j hggfckdtk, kb guhb pukck prjcugfr ud ckshstrk hb `hdfnksthrsk.

  FDGKDCFJW< Nkd÷`kdj quk sk prkskdth guhdcj udj vhrfjs `htkrfhbks fdnbh`hibks sjd
gjdsu`fcjs kd njr`h fdgjdtrjbhibk, ekdkrhdcj pærcfchs.
- Hbeudhs ghushs ck kbbj, sjd< kqufpjs kbægtrfgjs.
  K]QBJWF×D<
K]QBJWF×D< Hggf÷d
 Hggf÷d ck rkvkdthr gjd kstrukdcj ud gukrpj, pjr bh nukrzh kxphdsfvh ck
ud ehs gjdtkdfcj j rèpfch`kdtk njr`hcj kd su fdtkrfjr.
  WFW@J< Nkd÷`kdj dhturhb pjr bh shgucfch vfjbkdth ck ud tkrrkdj jghsfjdhcj pjr
nukrzhs fdtkrdhs ckb ebjij tkrrkstrk. Hbeudjs ck kbbjs sjd< tk`ibjrks, tkrrk`jtjs.
  FD[DCHGF×D
FD[DCHGF×D<< Hgu`ubhgf÷d kxgksfvh ck heuh jghsfjdhchs pjr nukrtks bbuvfhs. Hbeudhs
ck kbbhs sjd< Sjr`kdths, Erhdfzhchs.
   ^KDCH^HBKW
 ^KDCH^HBKW<< ^fkdtj nukrtk quk jghsfjdhd bkvhdth`fkdtj ck tkgmjs y kstrugturhs kd
`hb ksthcj. Hbeudjs ck kbbjs, sjd< ^kdtfsghs, Murhghdks, gfgbjdks.
  CHØJW GYÀSFGJW HB QYJGKWJ<
QYJGKWJ< Wftuhgfjdks ck fdtkrrupgf÷d tjthb j phrgfhb ckb
prjgksj prjcugtfvj jghsfjdhchs ckbfikrhch`kdtk.
  YJIJ<
YJIJ< Hpjckrhrsk
 Hpjckrhrsk ck bjs ifkdks hlkdjs. Hbeudjs ck kbbjs sjd< kxtrhggf÷d ck kqufpjs
k qufpjs
vhbfjsjs, cfdkrj, `htkrfhbks k fdsu`js, Htrhgj, ktg.
  NHBBHW KWSY[GS[YHBKW (Hggfckdtks tkgdjb÷efgjs)< Ckifbfth`fkdtj ck bh kstrugturh
nàsfgh ck bhs fdsthbhgfjdks. Hbeudjs ck kbbjs sjd< Herfkth`fkdtj ck phrkcks, tkgmjs,
mudcf`fkdtj ck ihsks y/j pfsjs.


  fdcfvfcuj
WHIJSHLK<
WHIJSHLK < Chøjck ckbfikrhcj
j erupj h kqufpjs,
fdcfvfcujs fdtkrdjs `èqufdhs y prjgksj, jghsfjdhcj pjr ud
y/j kxtkrdjs.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 97  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

>.>.   Hdèbfsfs ck h`kdhzhs

Qjck`js fckdtfnfghr y gbhsfnfghr bhs cfnkrkdtks h`kdhzhs quk sk pukckd prkskdthr j mhyhd
jgurrfcj kd ud `j`kdtj cktkr`fdhcj. Gj`j tægdfgj, sjgfhb y dhturhb.

Kb Hdtks

>.>.8.  Fckdtfnfghr bjs rfksejs y h`kdhzhs.

>.>.9.  Ksthibkgkr cjgu`kdthgf÷d ihshcj kd kb pbhd ck k`krekdgfhs.
>.>.7.  Cfnudcfr bjs hspkgtjs quk gjdtfkdk kb pbhd ck k`krekdgfhs hb pkrsjdhb.
>.>.3.  Gjdnjr`hr gj`ftæ ck k`krekdgfhs y irfehch ck k`krekdgfhs.
>.>.;.  Ghphgfthr hb pkrsjdhb hdtk udh k`krekdgfh.
>.>.>.  Mhgkr sf`ubhgrjs.
>.>.5.  Qrkvkdgf÷d ck bjs rfksejs y h`kdhzhs.
>.>.=.  Fdspkggfjdhr ruths ck kvhguhgf÷d.
>.>.6.  Djtfnfghr hdj`hbàhs.
>.>.81.   Hgtuhbfzhr bfsthcjs ckb pkrsjdhb ck pbhdth gj`j dføjs
dføjs..

Curhdtk

>.>.88.   ^krfnfghr quk bh hbhr`h skh gfkrth.

>.>.89.  Jrfkdthr h bhs pkrsjdhs quk tkdeh h ghrej.
>.>.87.  @hdtkdkr bh ghb`h hdtk bh k`krekdgfh.
>.>.83.  Kvfthr kb rkerksj ck bhs pkrsjdhs ckspuæs quk mh gj`kdzhcj bh kvhguhgf÷d.
>.>.8;.  Cfrfefrsk h bh shbfch ck k`krekdgfhs kd ghsj quk skh dkgkshrfj.
>.>.8>.  Ksthr htkdtj h bhs ÷rckdks j fdcfghgfjdks hb Lknk ck k`krekdgfhs.
>.>.85.  Cfrfefrsk hb pudtj ck kdgukdtrj sf ks kb ghsj.
>.>.8=.  Ksthr htkdtj hb bbh`hcj phrh kb gjdtkj.
>.>.86.  Bbh`hr h bjs erupjs ck sjgjrrj sf ks dkgkshrfj.
>.>.91.   Hgtfvhr h bh irfehch j pkrsjdhs ghphgfth
ghphgfthchs
chs phrh htkdckr bh k`krekdgfh.
>.>.98.   Htkdckr pkrsjdhs bksfjdhchs.
bksfjdhchs.
>.>.99.  Srhsbhcj h ud gkdtrj mjspfthbhrfj sf ks dkgkshrfj.
>.>.97.  Chr ud rkpjrtk hb gjjrcfdhcjr ck
c k bh kvhguh
kvhguhgf÷d.
gf÷d.

Ckspuæs

>.>.93.   Hdhbfzhr bhs fdsthbhgfjdks quk kstæd

kstæd ifkd phrh pjckr skeufr gjd bhs hgtfvfchcks.
>.>.9;.  @frh kb erhcj ck pærcfchs kd bh fdstftugf÷d.
>.>.9>.  Yktrj hbf`kdthgf÷d ck bj sugkcfcj kd bjs prjs y gjdtrhs phrh `kljrhr.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 93  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

5.  Ksquk`h jrehdfzhgfjdhb

 H dfvkb cfstrfthb y iusghdcj bh hrtfgubhgf÷d gjd kb Wfstk`h Cfstrfthb ck Qrkvkdgf÷d y Htkdgf÷d ck

K`krekdgfhs -WCQHK,
jrehdfzhgfjdhb. sk ksthibkgf÷
Kstk sfstk`h kb Wfstk`h fdvjbugrh
ck hc`fdfstrhgf÷d Gj`hdcjhggfjdks
ck Fdgfckdtks  ‗
 ‗   WGF-,ckgj`j
prkvkdtfvhs, `jckbj
prkphrhgf÷d,
ck rkspuksth, rkgupkrhgf÷d y `ftfehgf÷d ck bhs k`krekdgfhs, hsà gj`j kb hpjyj fdtkrfdstftugfjdhb,
sfd f`pjrthr bh gbhsk, kb th`høj j bh `hedftuc ck bhs `fs`hs? qufkrk ckgfr quk kb `hdklj kxftjsj
kd bh ksgkdh ck ud fdgfckdtk ckpkdck ck udh kstrugturh ifkd cknfdfch quk kstæ pbhdkhch.

5.8.  N[DGFJDKW CKB LKNK CK K@KYEKDGFH V/J GJJYCFDHCJY

Wu nudgf÷d ks bh ck cfrfefr kb sfdfkstrj, rkhbfzhdcj bh tj`h ck ckgfsfjdks y gj`udfghdcj bhs

÷rckdks jpjrtudhs.

Gj`prkdck bh `èxf`h rkspjdshifbfchc sjirk bhs pkrsjdhs quk sk kdgukdtrhd ckdtrj ckb kcfnfgfj
`fs`j y ck bhs pkrsjdhs y ifkdks quk hud sfkdcj hlkdhs h bh hgtfvfchc pukchd rksubthr
hnkgthcjs.
 Hsà `fs`j rkhbfzhrè bh bhijr ck gjjrcfdhgf÷d gjd bjs pjsfibks skrvfgfjs kxtkrdjs ck k`krekdgfh
quk pucfkrhd fdtkrvkdfr (Ij`ikrjs, H`iubhdgfhs, Qjbfgàh, Qrjtkggf÷d Gfvfb ktg.).
Kb Lknk ck K`krekdgfh ksthrè sfk`prk bjghbfzhcj, ckbkehdcj kd su supbkdtk kd ghsjs ck huskdgfh
jibfehch. Cfspjdcrè ck iusgh pkrsjdhs j tkbænjdj `÷vfb kd ghsj ck gjdtfduj `jvf`fkdtj pjr bh
k`prksh.
5.9.  N[DGFJDKW CKB KX[FQJ CK QYF@KYH FDSKY^KDGF×D  ‒IYFEHCH‐  

Wu nudgf÷dphrh
prjcuzgh, ks bhkvhbuhrbj
prkvkdgf÷d ck su
y kd sfdfkstrjs, hsà gj`j
ghsj sjnjghrbj bh fdtkrvkdgf÷d
j rkcugfr fd`kcfhth kdBjsghsj
sus gjdskgukdgfhs. ck quk ck
`fk`irjs sk
kstk kqufpj sk cfrfefrèd, udh vkz cktkgthcj kb sfdfkstrj, hb pudtj ck hbhr`h, kvhbuhrèd sus
gjdcfgfjdks y gj`kdzhrèd, kd ghsj ck skr dkgkshrfj, bh sjnjghgf÷d j bhs `kcfchs ck prkvkdgf÷d
dkgkshrfhs gjd bjs `kcfjs `hduhbks ck kxtfdgf÷d (kxtfdtjrks pjrtètfbks). Kd guhbqufkr ghsj
htkdckrèd bhs fdcfghgfjdks knkgtuhchs pjr kb Lknk ck K`krekdgfhs.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 9;  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

5.7.  N[DGFJDKW CKB KX[FQJ CK HBHY@H V K^HG[HGF×D

Bh `fsf÷d ck bjs gj`pjdkdtks ckb KX[FQJ CK HBHY@H V K^HG[HGF×D, ks

K^HG[HGF×D, ks hskeurhr udh
kvhguhgf÷d tjthb y jrckdhch ck su skgtjr y ehrhdtfzhr quk sk mh chcj bh hbhr`h.
Bhs `fsfjdks nudch`kdthbks h rkhbfzhr<

h) Hdudgfhr
 Hdudgfhr bh kvhguhgf÷d ck su skgtjr hb jàr bh skøhb
s køhb ksthibkgfch.

i) Cfrfefr kb nbulj ck pkrsjdhs mhgfh bhs vàhs ck kvhguhgf÷d, prksthdcj hyuch h pkrsjdhs
f`pkcfchs, cfs`fdufchs j mkrfchs.
g)  Gj`prjihr quk dj qukchd rkzhehcjs udh vkz kvhguhch su
s u èrkh.

c) Gj`prjihr huskdgfhs kd kb pudtj ck rkudf÷d.

5.3.  N[DGFJDKW CKB KX[FQJ CK QYF@KYJW H[]FBFJW

Wu `fsf÷d skrè prksthr bjs prf`krjs huxfbfjs, h bjs bksfjdhcjs curhdtk udh k`krekdgfh.
 Hck`ès bhs nudgfjdks, sjd kdtrk jtrhs bhs sfeufkdtks<

8.  Ckgfcfr sf bh erhvkchc ck hbeüd mkrfcj rkqufkrk su trhsbhcj.

9.  Fdnjr`hr ck bhs pjsfibks ihlhs jghsfjdhchs pjr bh k`krekdgfh y ck bh bjghbfzhgf÷d ck bjs
mjspfthbfzhcjs sf bjs muifkrh.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 9>  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

KX[FQJ CK HGS[HGF×D< LKNK CK K@KYEKDGFH V/J GJJYCFDHCJY

DJ@IYK SKBKNJDJ
@frfhd Dkfrh 7897681369

Kqufpj ck hgtuhgf÷d< Kqufpj ck prf`krh fdtkrvkdgf÷d ‒Irfehch‐ 

DJ@IYK SKBKNJDJ
Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh 781;;616>;

Kqufpj ck hgtuhgf÷d< Kqufpj ck hbhr`h y kvhguhgf÷d

k vhguhgf÷d ‒Irfehch‐ 
DJ@IYK HYKH CKWFEDHCH SKBKNJDJ

@frfhd Dkfrh Qhdhckràh 7897681369

Kqufpj ck hgtuhgf÷d< Kqufpj ck prf`krjs huxfbfjs ‒Irfehch ‐ 

DJ@IYK SKBKNJDJ
Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh 781;;616>;

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 95  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

5.;.  GJJYCFDHCJYKW CK K^HG

K^HG[HGF×
[HGF×D
D
Ghphgfthcjs
Ghphgfthcjs phrh bfckrhr bh shbfch ck bhs pkrsjdhs ck bhs cfnkrkdtks èrkhs gjd kb nfd ck quk sk
ehrhdtfgk
fc÷dkj phrh
quk
hgtuhr
sfk`prk
gj`j<
quk mhyh pkrsjdhb kd bh fdstftugf÷d sk kdgukdtrk kd bhs gkrghdàhs hbeufkd
   Xuk kb èrkh h ghrej ck ud gjjrcfdhcjr ck kvhguhgf÷d ckik skr ckb th`høj hckguhcj gj`j
phrh quk pukch fdspkggfjdhrbh tjthb`kdtk kd `kdjs ck ud `fdutj hskeurèdcjsk ck quk tjcjs sk
mhyhd kdtkrhcj ck bh dkgksfchc ck shbfr.

=.  JYEHYFEYH@H CK GJ@FSÆ CK K@KYEKDGFHW

Lknk ck k`krekdgfhs, gjjrcfdhcjr y

Irfehcfsth

YKHBF\H SJCHW BHW

N[DGFJDKW

Wupbkdtk Lknk ck k`krekdgfhs,

gjjrcfdhcjr y Irfehcfsth

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 9=  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

6.  Erupjs kxtkrdjs<

EY[QJW WJGJYYJ
IJ@IKYJW\FQHX[FYH SKBKNJDJ
7883=9=669 - =;97=33 - =;9;;17
GY[\ YJLH 71;=11>9=9 - 79973=8836
CKNKD\H GF^FB 79867615=3 - 178==6>;;8
7917>;6633 - 7873;9>3>=
QJBFGFH

6.8. Kdtfchc mjspfthbhrfh<

DJ@IYK
DJ@I YK CFYK
CFYKGGF
GGF D SK
SKBK
BKNJ
NJDJ
DJ
Mjspfthb [dfvkrsfthrfj ck bh
Wh`hrfthdh [dfchc Nudgfjdhb Ghbbk 8 sur Dj. 8;-61 , Gjbj`ifh  (8) 3=651>1
\fphqufrè ck bh
Gbàdfgh [dfvkrsfchc  Hutjpfsth Dtk.
Dtk. #O`
#O` 5, (8) 7155155 
Whihdh Qukdtk Ckb Gj`üd,
Gmàh, Gudcfdh`hrgh 

6.9. H`iubhdgfh<
DJ@IYK SKBKNJDJ
Yuiæd (H`iubhdgfh) 783 3365756

6.7. Kdtfchcks ck skrvfgfjs püibfgjs<

DJ@IYK SKBKNJDJ
GJCKDWH ;88; 88; ‗  588;
 588; 88;
^HDSV 18=111639563
(8) =;86>6> - (8) ;6;7===
HG[KC[GSJ

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 96  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

81.  Ykpjrtks ck k`krekdgfhs

81.8. Qrjgkcf`fkdtj ck djtfnfghgf÷d

Guhbqufkr pkrsjdh quk cktkgtk jckprkskdgfk
bh k`krekdgfh
k`k rekdgfh
udh sftuhgf÷d ck k`krekdgfh kd bhs fdsthbhgfjdks, ckik
rkpjrthr fd`kcfhth`kdtk.
Fdnjr`hgf÷d h su`fdfstrhr
Dj`irk gj`pbktj.
Xuæ tfpj ck sftuhgf÷d jgurrk, cksgrfifrbh.
Buehr kxhgtj ck bh k`krekdgfh.
@kdgfjdhr sf mhy vàgtf`hs y guhdths hprjxf`hch`kdtk.
Wf rkqufkrk hbeüd hpjyj kspkgànfgj, skh gbhrj y prkgfsj kd bj sjbfgfthcj.
@fkdtrhs skh pjsfibk `hdtkdkrsk kd bh bàdkh y skeufr fdstruggfjdks.

81.9. Djtfnfghgf÷d kxtkrdh ck k`krekdgfh dfvkb

Kd kb `j`kdtj quk udh k`krekdgfh cksijrck bh ghphgfchc ck rkspuksth kd bh QHDHCKYFH
KB ^KDHCFBBJ,
^KDHCFBBJ, kb Gj`ftæ ck K`krekdgfhs djtfnfghrh ck bh k`krekdgfh hb jrehdfs`j ck
sjgjrrj gjrrkspjdcfkdtk.
Qrjgkcf`fkdtj ekdkrhb kd k`krekdgfhs phrh tjcj kb pkrsjdhb

 Hdtk guhbqufkr k`krekdgfh<

@hdtkdeh bh ghb`h.
Fckdtfnfquk kb tfpj ck sftuhgf÷d
sf tuhgf÷d (quk phsj, rfksejs, dü`krj
dü `krj ck mkrfcjs, ktg.).
Qrjtælhsk.
Ykhbfgk kb prjgkcf`fkdtj ck djtfnfghgf÷d.
Wfeh bhs fdstruggfjdks
Dj fdtkdtk hb ej ck
mhgkr hbej bjsbjrjbks
phrh guhb ydjrkspjdshifbfchcks.
sk kdgukdtrh kdtrkdhcj.
Dj ekdkrk pèdfgj (kvftk erfthr).

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 71  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

81.7. Ykspuksths h k`krekdgfhs

Guhbqufkr
rkhbfzhr pkrsjdh ckfdfgfhb
bh rkspuksth bh QHDHCKYFH
hb fdgfckdtk, yKB ^KDHCFBBJ
kb prjgksj quk mhyhckbsfcj
ck djtfnfghgf÷d kdtrkdhcj pjcrè
fdgfckdtk.
Kb Gjjrcfdhcjr sk hpjyhrh kd kb Erupj ck Ykspuksth h K`krekdgfhs phrh ckshrrjbbhr bhs
hggfjdks ck gjdtrjb ck bh k`krekdgfh.
Wfeh tjchs y ghch udh ck bhs fdstruggfjdks quk sk kdgukdtrhd kd kb
Qrjgkcf`fkdtj Jpkrhtfvj Djr`hbfzhcj
Djr`hb fzhcj QJD.
Bjs bàckrks ck kvhguhgf÷d eufhrhd h tjcj kb pkrsjdhb (dføj y vfsfthdtk) mhsth kb pudtj ck
kdgukdtrj, sfeufkdcj kb prjgkcf`fkdtj ck kvhguhgf÷d.
Kd bhs k`krekdgfhs ck tkrgkr dfvkb, kb hpjyj kxtkrdj skrè ghdhbfzhcj pjr kb Gj`ftæ ck
K`krekdgfhs.

@hdklj htkdgf÷d ck ud sfdfkstrj Hdtks ck bjs sfdfkstrjs<

@hdtkdkr ud bfsthcj hgtuhbfzhcj ck bjs cjgkdtks y dføjs rkspkgtfvjs dü`krjs ck
fckdtfnfghgf÷d, cfrkggf÷d y tkbænjdj.
Kbhijrhr ud prjgkcf`fkdtj phrh fdnjr`hr h bjs nh`fbfhrks curhdtk udh k`krekdgfh.
Curhdtk kb kvkdtj<
kvkdtj<
Fdnjr`hr h bjs nh`fbfhrks ck bhs vàgtf`hs.
Wkrvfr ck ÷rehdj ck gjdsubth fd`kcfhth hb lknk ck k`krekdgfh.
Wu`fdfstrhr fdnjr`hgf÷d gràtfgh phrh kb `hdklj ck bh k`krekdgfh.
Wkrvfr ck dkxj gjd bhs hutjrfchcks y bh gj`udfchc.

Ckspuæs ck kvkdtj<
kvkdtj<
 Hckbhdthr bhs cfbfekdgfhs phrh kb bkvhdth`fkdtj ck ghcèvkrks, hgths ck cknudgf÷d
cknudgf÷d,, hutjpsfhs,
vkbhgf÷d, ktg.
Gjjrcfdhr
 Hpbfghr bh rk`jgf÷d
kb pbhd ck ksgj`irjs.
pjst  ‗ k`krekdgfh,
pjst ‗  k`krekdgfh, trhsbhcj ck ckpkdckdgfh y rkhduchgf÷d
rkhdu chgf÷d ck bhs hgtfvfchcks.
Ykgupkrhr hgtfvjs.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 78  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

88.  Shibh Gjjrcfdhgf÷d ck k`krekdgfhs kd bh ksgkdh

Dfvkb Gjjrcfdhgf÷d
Bh gjjrcfdhgf÷d j Gj`hdcj ckb Fdgfckdtk skrè hsu`fcj pjr
K`krekdgfh dfvkb 8 kb kd ghrehcj.
Wk fdsthbhrh ud Qukstj Gj`hdcj (QG) ck hgukrcj h bh
kstrugturh jrehdfzhgfjdhb y kb Gj`hdchdtk ck Fdgfckdtks
K`krekdgfh dfvkb 9 skrè udh pkrsjdh gjd tj`h ck ckgfsf÷d y gjd kb
kdtrkdh`fkdtj kspkgànfgj phrh hsu`fr kb gj`hdcj, y sk
tkdcrè fdnjr`hcj hb Gj`ftæ ck K`krekdgfhs.
Wk fdsthbhrh kb Qukstj Gj`hdcj (QG) ck hgukrcj h bh
kstrugturh jrehdfzhgfjdhb ckb Qbhd Fdtkerhb ck
K`krekdgfhs y kb Gj`hdchdtk ckb Fdgfckdtk skrè udh
K`krekdgfh dfvkb 7 pkrsjdh gjd tj`h ck ckgfsf÷d y gjd kb kdtrkdh`fkdtj
kspkgànfgj phrh hsu`fr kb gj`hdcj, kb Gj`ftæ ck
K`krekdgfhs fdsthbhrh bh ckb
pjr kb Gj`hdchdtk Whbh Fdgfckdtk
ck Grfsfs y ck
skrè tjcjs
fdnjr`hcj
bjs
rkqukrf`fkdtjs, Jpkrhgfjdks ck rkspuksth y hvhdgks kd kb
ckshrrjbbj ckbh rkspuksth h bh k`krekdgfh.

89.  Qrjgkcf`fkdtjs jpkrhtfvjs djr`hbfzhcjs

Skdfkdcj kd gukdth bj kdgjdtrhcj kd bh fckdtfnfghgf÷d y ghbfnfghgf÷d ck h`kdhzhs y kb dfvkb ck
rfksej `jstrhcj kd bh `htrfz, sk mhd ckshrrjbbhcj udh skrfk ck Qrjgkcf`fkdtjs Jpkrhtfvjs
Djr`hbfzhcjs QJD³W phrh bh rkspuksth kspkgànfgh kd ghsj ck quk ksths h`kdhzhs sk bbkeukd h
`htkrfhbfzhr, bhs guhbks fdcfghd bjs prjgkcf`fkdtjs quk ckikd skeufr tjcjs bjs fdvjbugrhcjs kd
bh htkdgf÷d ck bh k`krekdgfh.

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 79  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

89.8. QYJGKCF@FKDSJ JQKYHSF^J DJY@HBF\HCJW (QJD)

89.9. QJD CK Ykpjrtk ck k`krekdgfhs 

k`krekdgfhs 

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 77  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

89.7. QJD Ck sfs`j 

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 73  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

89.3.  QJD ck kvhguhgf÷d 

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 7;  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

89.;.  QJD ck fdgkdcfj

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 7>  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

89.>.  QJD kxpbjsf÷d

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 75  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

87.  Qbhdjs ck kvhguhgf÷d

Wk gjdthrh gjd pbhdjs ck kvhguhgf÷d puibfghcjs kd buehrks vfsfibks, quk gjdtkdeh bh sfeufkdtk
fdnjr`hgf÷d<
[ifghgf÷d ck qufkd bj `frh ‒[WSKC KWSH 
KWSH HX[À‐. 
 HX[À‐. 
Yuth prfdgfphb ck kvhguhgf÷d kd nbkgmhs vkrcks.
[ifghgf÷d ckb pudtj ck kdgukdtrj gjd ud sà`ijbj
sà`ijb j gfrgubhr ck njdcj vkrck.

83.  Yuths ck kvhguhgf÷d

Sjchs y ghch udh ck bhs èrkhs ck bh QHDHCKYFH KB ^KDHCFBBJ,
^KDHCFBBJ, gukdthd gjd udh ruth ck
kvhguhgf÷d mhgfh kb Qudtj ck Kdgukdtrj.

8;.  Nhsks ck bh kvhguhgf÷d

8;.8. Cktkggf÷d
Sfk`pj trhdsgurrfcj cksck quk hbeufkd j hbej cktkgth bh k`krekdgfh, mhsth quk ksth ks
rkpjrthch fdtkrdh`kdtk.
8;.9. Hbhr`h

Wk hgtfvhrh guhdcj sugkch udh k`krekdgfh y skrè ck bh sfeufkdtk njr`h<

  Ck hgukrcj gjd bjs rkgursjs kxfstkdtks kd bh hgtuhbfchc bh hbhr`h ck kvhguhgf÷d sk knkgtuhrh
`kcfhdtk pftjs phrh kvhguhgf÷d.
  [d pfthzj ks phrh cklhr bhs hgtfvfchcks quk sk kstæd rkhbfzhdcj y hphehr tjcj kqufpj kbægtrfgj,
suspkdckr bh kbkgtrfgfchc ck bhs fdsthbhgfjdks, gkrrhr bbhvks ck ehs y ksthr htkdtj h bh pjsfibk
kvhguhgf÷d.
   Wk hgtfvhrh curhdtk cjs vkgks gjdtfduhs skeufchs, chdcj hvfsj hb rkspkgtfvj gjjrcfdhcjr ck
kvhguhgf÷d phrh knkgtuhr bh rkspkgtfvh kvhguhgf÷d .

KBHIJYHCJ QJY< SKGDJBÙEH< NKGMH< @HVJ CK 9191

Vkddy Qhjbh Qhgm÷d Dkfrh Kd WWS QÁEFDH< 7=  CK 33 
 

QHDHCKYFH QBHD CK
^KDHCFBBJ K@KYEKDGFH

8;.7.  Qrkphrhgf÷d phrh bh shbfch

Sfk`pj trhdsgurrfcj cksck quk sk ch bh jrckd ck kvhguhr h tjcjs bjs jguphdtks mhsth quk
gj`fkdzh h shbfr bh prf`krh pkrsjdh.

8;.3.  Whbfch
Sfk`pj quk trhdsgurrk cksck quk shbk bh prf`krh pkrsjdh mhsth quk shbk bh übtf`h.

8;.;.  Sfk`pj ck kvhguhgf÷d

Wk ksthibkgk gj`j tfk`pj rkhb ck kvhguhgf÷d, cksck guhdcj sk sf`ubh u jgurrk udh
k`krekdgfh, mhsth quk bbkeh hb pudtj ck kdgukdtrj bh übtf`h pkrsjdh.
Wk gjdjgk gj`j bh ghdtfchc ck pkrsjdhs quk pukckd kvhguhr ud buehr j ksphgfj ck `hdkrh
hckguhch y skeurh h trhvæs ck bhs ruths ck kvhguhgf÷d cfspuksths phrh thb nfd y kd ud tfk`pj
cktkr`fdhcj.

SW 0 Sfk`pj
0 Sfk`pj ck shbfch kd skeudcjs
D 0 Dü`krj ck pkrsjdhs
 H 0 Hdgmj
0 Hdgmj ck shbfch kd `ktrjs 0 8.71 `ktrjs
O 0  Gjdsthdtk kxpkrf`kdthb< 8,7 pkrsjdhs/`ktrj-
skeudcj
C 0 
0  Cfsthdgfh tjthb ck rkgjrrfcj kd `ktrjs
 ^ 0 ^kbjgfchc
0 ^kbjgfchc ck ckspbhzh`fkdtj< Mjrfzjdthb< 1,> `ktrjs/ske

8>.  Qudtj ck kdgukdtrj

Bh QHDHCKYFH KB ^KDHCFBBJ tfkdk kb pudtj ck kdgukdtrj kd bh ghrrkrh 8; hb nrkdtk hb
ksthcfj

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