NAME: __________________________ Grade Level & Section:________________

TEACHER:_______________________ LAS #:_______

WEEK DATE:_____________________
SCIENCE - LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 2
WORK, POWER AND ENERGY

Work and Energy

Background Information
In this module, you will learn about motion from the perspective of work and energy. One of the most important concepts
in physics is the concept of energy. The concept of motion you took up in Module 1 would be related to the concepts of
work and energy. When you hear the word "work" what comes first to your mind? There are several meanings to the word
"work." You learned in Module 1 that force can change an object's state of motion. If an object is at rest, it can be moved
by exerting force on it. If an object is moving, it can be made to move faster or stopped by applying force on it.

Work is an abstract idea related to energy. When work is done by an object, it loses energy and when work is done on an
object, it gains energy. Therefore, work can be defined as a transfer of energy. The SI unit of work is Joule (J). In
physics we say that work is done on an object when you transfer energy to that object. If one object transfers (gives)
energy to a second object, then the first object does work on the second object. In fact, work can also be defined as
the application of a force over a distance.

Most Essential Learning Competency

Identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic energy.

Direction
Perform the activity below and answer the questions based on your observations during the activity.

Activity 1 – Work as a Method of Transferring Energy

Bowling Game
Materials:
Plastic bottle Ball

Do this!
Play a bowling game. Roll a plastic or rubber ball along the floor to hit an empty plastic bottle.

Answer the following questions based on your bowling game experience.

Guide Questions
1. Is there work done on the ball?
2. What can a moving ball do?
Rubric
Your answer will be graded based on the rubric below.
Criteria 5 4
Student demonstrates full
knowledge by answering
guide questions correctly
with excellent explanation
Knowledge and
elaboration.
Structure of the paper is clear
Structure and easy to follow.
Transitions are logical and
excellently maintain the flow
of thought throughout the
paper.
Organization
Student demonstrates
knowledge by answering
guide questions correctly
with sufficient explanation
and
elaboration.
Structure is mostly clear
and easy to follow.
Transitions are present
and sufficiently maintain
the flow of thought
throughout the
paper.
3 2 1
Student demonstrates Student was able to Student does not have
knowledge by answer only one guide grasp of information
answering guide question correctly but and cannot answer
questions correctly but without proper questions about
without explanation and explanation. subject.
elaboration.
Structure of the paper is The paper lacks
Structure of the paper is
not clear structure which
clear but not easy to
and easy to follow. detract from the
follow.
topic.
Transitions are present
but Writing is disjointed
does not maintain the Transitions need and lacks transition of
flow thought throughout improvement. thoughts.
the paper.

1
Reflection
You can conclude from the activity that work is the application of force over a distance. Transferring energy from one
object to another also means that work is being done. Lifting a weight from the ground and placing it on a shelf is a
good example of a work. If you did work on an object, you have also transferred energy to that object causing
it to move to the direction where you apply the force. The movement of the object indicates the energy you have
transferred, which suggests that the body gains energy, and that is why it moves. Now, what if you push the wall but
it doesn't move, do you think you've done work on the wall?

Energy – Kinetic and Potential Energy

Background Information

It is mentioned in previous topic that energy should be transferred to an object to move it. Energy transfer can be in the form
of force. This amount of energy transferred by the force to move an object is called work or work done. Now for this topic,
you are going to learn a form of energy namely mechanical energy. This topic highlights the distinction between the two
types of mechanical energy: potential energy and kinetic energy.

Energy is the ability to perform work. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one kind
to another. Since work done is equals to energy transferred, this means that the unit for work is the same as the unit for
energy – Joules (J). Energy is found in many things and thus there are different types of energy. All forms of energy are
either kinetic or potential. The energy in motion is known as kinetic energy whereas the energy stored in an object is known
as potential energy and is measured by the amount of work done. Objects that are not moving are storing energy, or possess
stored energy, that can be used if the objects move. This energy that is stored is called potential energy. As objects move
from a rest position, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy allowing objects to move. Therefore, anything that
moves has kinetic energy.

Most Essential Learning Competency

Identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic energy.

Direction
Perform Activity 2 and answer the following questions below based on your analysis.

Activity 2 – Rubber Band and Jumping Jack for Energy

Do this!
Part I. Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy: Rubber Band
Rubber bands provide an excellent tool for illustrating kinetic energy and potential. Get a piece of rubber band, hold it
tightly and stretch it almost as tightly as you can. Then, let go of the rubber band, pointing it at the wall and not at each
other.

Part II. Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy: Jumping Jacks

This activity can help you better understand the relationship between potential and kinetic energy using your own body.
Assume a standing X position, arms above your shoulders in a wide V and legs apart in an inverted V. Hold the position.
Then, perform a jumping jack.

2
Guide Questions
1. Explain what the stretched rubber band indicates.
2. What does the movement in the rubber band demonstrates?
3. Explain what your body is storing in a standing X position?
4. What does the change of position in your body indicates?

Rubric
Your grade in Activity 2 will be based on the rubric below.
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
Student Student Student
demonstrates full demonstrates demonstrates Student was able to
Student does not
knowledge by knowledge by knowledge by answer only one
have grasp of
answering guide answering guide answering guide guide question
information and
Knowledge questions correctly questions correctly questions correctly correctly but without
cannot answer
with excellent with sufficient but without proper explanation.
questions about
explanation and explanation and explanation and
elaboration. elaboration. elaboration. subject.

Structure of the Structure of the Structure of the The paper lacks

Structure is mostly
paper is clear and paper is clear but paper is not clear structure which
Structure clear and easy to
easy to not easy to and easy to detract from the
follow. follow. follow. follow. topic.
Transitions are Transitions are
Transitions are
logical and present and
present but Writing is disjointed
excellently maintain sufficiently maintain
does not maintain Transitions need and lacks transition
Organization the flow of thought the flow of thought
the flow thought improvement. of thoughts.
throughout the throughout the
paper. paper. throughout the
paper.

Reflection
Energy can be defined the ability to do work. The simplest case of mechanical work is when an object is standing still,
and we force it to move. The energy of a moving object is called kinetic energy.

Factors Affecting Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

Background Information

From the previous topic, you've learned the difference and relationship between potential energy and
kinetic energy. In this topic, you will explore the factors that affect these two types of energy. To determine these factors,
you should be familiar with the formulas used to measure potential and kinetic energy. Kinetic energy can be computed
using this equation: KE = mv2 [mass x (velocity)2].
Where:
KE = Kinetic Energy in joule (J) m = mass in
kilogram (kg)
v = velocity or speed in meter per second (m/s)
Kinetic energy, therefore, depends on the mass and velocity / speed of an object. The kinetic energy of a body is directly
proportional to its mass and velocity. This implies that the higher the mass and velocity of an object, the greater its kinetic
energy, and vice versa. Meanwhile, potential energy comes in different forms. One of the common forms of potential
energy is the gravitational potential energy. This will be the highlight of this topic. Gravitational potential energy can be
computed using this equation: GPE = mgh (mass x acceleration duge to gravity (9.8) x height above the ground).
Where:
GPE = Gravitational Potential Energy in joule (J) m = mass in
kilogram (kg)
3
 g = gravity (this value is always constant – 9.8 m/s2) h = height above
the ground in meter (m)
From the formula above, gravitational potential energy of an object depends on its mass and height above the ground. Like
KE, GPE of a body is directly proportional to its mass and height above the ground. This indicates that the greater the mass
and the higher an object above the ground, the greater its potential energy.

Most Essential Learning Competency

Identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic energy.

Direction
Answer the following questions below based on your understanding on the background information
above and analysis on the situations presented below.

Activity 3 – Factors that Affect Kinetic and Potential Energy

In the situations below, identify situations with higher or lower potential energy and kinetic energy.

Example: Two runners running at the same speed. Runner A, however, is a lot heavier than runner B.
Answer: Runner A – higher KE, Runner B – lower KE

Kinetic Energy:

1. Two runners with the same mass. Runner A runs slower than Runner B.
2. A big truck and a motorcycle are on the road at the same speed of 60 km/h.

Potential Energy:

1. Two swimmers step off the platform to dive into the water. Swimmer A is heavier than swimmer B.
2. Two swimmers having the same mass but stepping off in platforms of different heights. Swimmer
A steps off the platform at a lower height.

Guide Questions

1. Explain the relationship among mass, height above the ground and potential energy.
2. Explain the relationship among mass, speed, and kinetic energy.

Reflection

For an object of mass m, moving with velocity of magnitude v, this energy can be calculated from the
formula KE= 1/2 mv2. Therefore, the kinetic energy of an object depends on its mass and velocity.
Potential energy can be calculated using its common form using this formula, Gravitational PE = mgh.
Thus, the potential energy of an object depends on its mass and height above the ground. From your
previous activity you did, based on your mass and height above the ground, do you think you
have a large amount of PE? Based on the mass and speed of the rubber band, do you think the
rubber band has a small amount of KE?

References
Science 8 Learner’s Module. Campo, Pia C., et al. 2013. pp. 21 – 36. Science 8
Teacher’s Guide. Campo, Pia C., et al. pp. 17 – 25.
Science 8 Learner’s Module. Campo, Pia C., et al. 2013. pp. 21 – 36. Science 8 Teacher’s
Guide. Campo, Pia C., et al. pp. 17 – 25. https://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/work-
energy-power.html https://byjus.com/physics/work-energy-power/
Science 8 Learner’s Module. Campo, Pia C., et al. 2013. pp. 21 – 36.
Science 8 Teacher’s Guide. Campo, Pia C., et al. pp. 17 – 25.