The melanin in mine and your skin can be seen to of come about due to 3 main reasons:

UV radiation, folate, and vitamin D. With all of this data you can find that peoples amount if
melanin is based upon how much sun they get and that interacts with their skin. For UV
radiation its fairly simple, more melanin blocks more UV which pushesfor more melanin in those
exposed to more sun to protect from things like skin cancer. Now the reason for folate is a little
more complex; as people are exposed to more UV radiation while less protected by melanin can
decrease folate levels in the blood levels of mothers; which is vital to brain and spinal cord
development in fetuses, this pushes to increased rates of birth decreased and lowered sperm
fertility. Finally for the aspect of vitamin D, the less melanin you have the more you can take in
while the more melanin making it alot harder to get it; this plays along with how folate levels
affect peoples melanin levels making it so that

When chimpanzees first evolved into humans, they had light skin. But due to the fact
they lived in the equator where the sun was almost always present it was a disadvantage as the
UV would kill too much folate in their body, so overtime humans evolved into dark skin and
lighter dark skin to protect against the UV lights and it didn’t really seem like an issue, due to the
fact that the sun is always present the dark skin protected their folate while also getting them
enough vitamin D. But then as humans evolved more and started to spread out around the
earth, getting enough vitamin D became a problem for those who moved further away from the
equator as the earth's rotation only allowed for 3 maybe 4 months of the sun being out, this
resulted in a loss of bone density which makes it easier for bones to crack. So as time went on
humans developed lighter skin again to help fight against the lack of vitamin D and as the sun
was less present that meant they didn’t have to worry about losing too much folate which led to
a good balance between vitamin D and folate.

The reasoning for why humans evolved to have darker skin was because of UV
exposure to folate which is used for brain development and spinal growth as well as healthy
sperm and sperm production. While the reason for them evolving back to lighter skin was
because of the lack of UV light and vitamin D which helps with firmer bones and bone structure,
so they needed lighter skin so that they can absorb as much UV as possible during 3/4ths of the
year and make sure they could live without breaking their bones often or leading to deformities
in the structure in the young.