CLASS-10

NOTES

HISTORY-CHAPTER-3

THE MAKING OF GLOBAL MARKET

Q-1) What is Rinderpest? How was it caused? Describe the impact of Rinderpest on people’s livelihoods
and local economy in Africa in the 1890s.

ANS-Rinderpest was a cattle plague which affected the local economy and livelihoods of people in
Africa.

It arrived in Africa in late 1880s and was carried by infected cattle imported from British Asia to feed the
Italian soldiers invading eastern Africa.

Impact---

1)Rinderpest killed 90%of cattle in Africa.

2) The loss of cattle destroyed African livelihood.

3) Planters ,mine owners and the colonial government successfully monopolized what scarce resources
remained.

4) Forced Africans into labour market.

5) Control over the cattle resources enabled European colonizers to conquer and subdue Africa.

Q-2) What is Corn Law?Explain the effects of scraping Corn Laws in Britain?

ANS--In the 18th century, Britain government under pressure from landed groups restricted the import
of corn. The laws allowing the government to do this were commonly known as the Corn law.

EFFECTS---

1) After the Corn Laws were scrapped, food could be imported into Britain more cheaply than it
could be produced within the country.
2) British agriculture was unable to compete with imports.
3) Vast areas of land were now left uncultivated, and
4) Thousands of men and women were thrown out of work and they flocked to the cities or
migrated overseas.
Q- 3) ‘Economists identified three types of movement or ‘flows’ within international economic
exchanges. ‘Explain.

Ans—The three types of movement or ‘flows’ within international economic exchanges were—

1) The first is the flow of trade which in the nineteenth century referred largely to trade in goods (e.g.,
cloth or wheat).

2) The second is the flow of labour – the migration of people in search of employment.

3) The third is the movement of capital for short-term or long-term investments over long distances.

Q-4)' Indian trade had played a crucial role in the late nineteenth century world economy '.Analyse the
statement.

ANS--The role of Indian trade was--

1) Trade surplus -Britain had a trade surplus with India which it used to balance its trade deficit with
other countries.

2)Home charges-Britain's trade surplus in India also helped to pay ‘home charges' which included private
remittances home by British officials and traders, interest payments on India's external debts and
pensions of the British officials in India .

3) Major supplier of cotton-India remained a major supplier of raw cotton to Britain. It helped British
textile industries to grow .

4)Supplier of indentured workers-Many indentured workers from Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Central India and
Tamil Nadu migrated to other countries to work in mines and plantations .

5) India traded in Opium with China, the proceeds of which financed British ventures and imports.

Q-6) Describe the role of 'technology' in transformation of the world in the nineteenth century.

Ans--The role of technology in transformation of the world in the nineteenth

century was—

1) Technology played a major role in all these developments.Railways, steam shipping, telegraph etc
were important inventions without which it was not possible to imagine the transformation of
nineteenth century.

2) Technology also helped in linking the markets by supporting import and export trade by the invention
of trains and ships.

3) Faster railways, lighter wagons and larger ships helped move food more cheaply and quickly from far
away farms to final markets.
4) Invention of refrigerated ships made it possible to transport meat from one region to another as
before live animals were transported to Europe to be eaten as meat.

5) The refrigerated ships reduced shipping cost and lowered meat prices in Europe. The poor in Europe
could now consume a more varied diet Better living conditions promoted social peace within the
country and support for imperialism abroad.

6) Technology played a very important role linking the world markets which promoted the spirit of
colonialism.

Q-7) Explain the role of Bretton Woods institutions in post - Second world watch settlement.

Ans---The role of Bretton Woods institutions in post - Second world war settlement:-

1)The Second world war caused death and destruction on a huge scale. The amount of economic
devastation and social disruption needed immediate and effective reconstruction.

2)To preserve economic stability and provide employment, the Bretton Woods conference established
the IMF.It was created to mainly deal with external surpluses and deficits of its member nations.

3) Bretton Woods Twins, the international bank for reconstruction and development, known as World
Bank was set up to finance post - war reconstruction.

4)These institutions were made to support nations by funding them .These Bretton Woods institutions
have helped devastated nations build their economies rapidly

5) These institutions later shifted their attention towards developing countries to help them grow and
develop their infrastructure and production capacity.