CHAPTER 7: PROBLEM SHEET

1
Q1) Given the transfer 𝐻(𝑠) = 𝑠2 +√2𝑠+1 performing to a Butterworth low-pass filter, find the
transfer function of the corresponding high-pass filter with cut off frequency 𝜔𝑐 .
s2
c 
Ans: H ( s) |
s
s c 2  2 c s  s 2

h
a) The specification for an analogue Butterworth lowpass filter is given as

ja
follows:
Passband: 0 to 2 kHz (3dB cut-off at 2 kHz)
Transistion band: 2 to 4 kHz

ira
Stop band attenuation: -10 dB (starting at 4 kHz)
The filter is monotonic in the pass and stop bands.
Show that a second order Butterworth filter would satisfy the requirement.
Note: A Butterworth filter of order ‘n’ is defined by

a
where c is the cut-off frequency of the filter

lia ik
2 1
H ( j ) 
2n
 
1   

b)
b  c 
Show that the transfer function of a second order normalised Butterworth
tra m
filter of the lowpass type is given by
1
H ( s) 
us . A

( s 2  2s  1)

Q2) Determine the order and the poles of a lowpass Butterworth filter that has a -3
,A E

dB bandwidth of 500 Hz and an attenuation of 40 dB at 1000 Hz.

Ans: Order = 7, the poles are sk = 1000e j[/2 + (2k+1)/14], k = 0,1,2,…,6
or

Q3) Find the order of a Butterworth low-pass continuous filter with the following
specification: Ans: n=2
SW ss

a) Cutoff frequency, c  0.75 and

b) Amplitude response to be at least 20dB down when   3
U ofe

Q4) Consider a Butterworth lowpass filter of order n = 5 and cutoff frequency wc = 1

a) Find the 2n poles of H(s)H(-s)
Pr

Ans: There are 10 poles of H(s)H(-s) uniformly distributed around the unit circle
in the s-plane, with the angular spacing of π/5.
N

b) Determine H(s)

H s  
Ans: 1
 
s  1 s  0.618s  1 s 2  1.618s  1
2

c) Find the transfer function of the corresponding high pass filter with cut-off
frequency wc = 1.
s5
  
Ans: H s

s  1 s 2  0.618s  1 s 2  1.618s  1  
Chapter 7 19
 Q5) A first order lowpass prototype filter (LP) is to be transformed into a bandstop
(BS) filter with midband rejection frequency ω0. Find the transfer function of
the BS filter. Also, find H(s) at s=0, s=∞ and s=±jω.
Bs
Note: LP to BS transformation is s  2 where B = Bandwidth and ω0 =
s  0
2

h
Midband rejection frequency.
Ans:

ja
s  0
2 2

H ( s)  2 ; H ( s) s 0  1 ; H ( s) s   1 ; H ( s) s   j  0
s  Bs   0
2 0

ira
Q6) An elliptic filter has
a) ripple in passband only

a
b) no ripples in any of the bands
c) ripple in both passband and stopband

lia ik
d) none of the above

b
tra m
us . A
,A E
or
SW ss
U ofe
Pr
N

Chapter 7 20