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    Varshitha Reddy Matta
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    C language notes-2

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    10 views40 pages

    C Language Notes-2

    Uploaded by

    Varshitha Reddy Matta

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 40
    fat as Gormat Spectfier ¢ “Frofeam tnt { p= tps p> variable name Ink tps i q Ee vets of var a ra 2000 8000 —s address of vor P= a5 : ee eat ; tnt a= toe one Clk oe S 000” $000 f / Te ti TU Nudsighed fete oe (ave values. oly ) main () | inta=to, tp, p=Sas | print® Cased" ads [lacie prntt (“as ‘bat "pds Mazi ig print® ("a eeu" Lays Na- 2000 prot (“asehu" py iy ot 2000 return 06 ; address of variable value ot that address Advantages + we can directly access the data . 4+ dynamic memory altocation and deallecat on > resize the memory . Disadvartaqe 7 FP value ts net asstgned to pointer, segmentation fault, Tt will show m wWiicle © Pregram=te odd tise au bbe, using ‘potsters APincludecstdfoshS tht maine) { tnt a=lo b= 20; Tete a: paka?y qe kbs printt (“sum = 7d" pata) return Oo; . cinters. ¥ write a C program to swap two numbers using P: abinclude | Trt main ¢) : , { Tint a=to, b=20,*p tq « pr tas qe sos “pe “pata s “y= *p fq s “Pi Sp nto print€ (Nase/ed\n bethd” €p qs return 0% Nop PoinTeR Tt can hold auy datatype &i tntas a Rloat bs i) void *P Fy 3 p=%a lor) pe tb 3 q= 2a tor) yetbs “ write'e C program to print ftoat and character type using pointers : Htinclude < stdrosh> tnt main () { Float b= 20.6 : char ch = ‘a’, vofd tp tq 5 2 paxbs gq = &ch 5 printf (“be 8 \n che foo”, tp, tg); return Os ; \ ‘01 09-22 . 2 ContRou Statements rogram based on condit onal \ > Flow of execution of a P and uncond?Honal statements, : A a woe my > one part of prograri'“lo another ‘part Sf program ContRoL a Stitements > ao Onconditional statements break goto Oectercn / ae control loop / a * . atu . telection stad errenls Heralian Statemens Statement eersions statements © © Simpre ze > me-wiay selection Statement’ Syritox + Statement—x s & Ceondition) ' Statements + : Statementiy ¢ Flow chart + pragram + Abinclude < stdio-h > : int main) { tnt x = tos re Cx > 0) { x4 printf ("x value is ha " mays) préntf ("this main prodrar”) 2.5, return 0; : rym doing meg i 4 «CC tesy w He Shag gif-else STATEMENT : > two-way seleckon statement 3 SES an extension for ciple 2 Syrtax : Statement -x $ d f2 Ccondition) I] state ments + y else { Y |] Statements : * Write a C program do check whether the given year 2 leap year or nots ttnclude ¢ stdiorh S int smain () { int year » erint® (* eater year\n") 2 feet” Fed", Kyear) 3 € ( year 7s ye od) , printf [: Leap year”) : else print C" Nota leap year Ne return 0; j () else-fe Lapper Syntax ¢ Re ech 1) i Statements 3 3 else 7# Cton-2) t Statemente ; y - else Statements : 3 ce (oor S Nite a Co pregram to print the colours of VEBBYOR, include int main 4 char ch ¢ erinté (“-thter aces \n")s Seanf (“%e", $eh) TE (che = Sv’ [| che =sy') print€ (“Wiolet") ¢ else i£- (che || ch==“i!) print€ (“Traigo") ¢ else tf (ch= = ‘6! || ch ==‘b') printé (“Btue") » else 8 (ch== ‘6! [] ch=='9/) printf (“ Green") 7 Neéstep f-else Syntox : else 72 (ch==‘Y' Il ch= ety’) print Cyettow") ¢ ie else t@ (ch oir ch= : a : 2 prenté. (" Orange") a else 2 (chet 'R! [che a'r) + print C’Red") we , i e else : : a print? (“Tvabid") > T \tew tall return 0; eee. & $0 (condition 1) if t2 Ceondition 2) { Statements 2 oA i 5 : - else f Stotemenis's r # write a C program to check ehether: the aver pomber: pettus or negetive number, tfneludle < stdfo-h> fat main ¢) int m ; We Scant ("%/-d" an) 5 € Cn>=0) TE Cn>o) print€ ("positive no.) else ) print C2ero") ; ‘ else oe a printf (“negetive no." )3 3 return Oy ® ulrite a C program to “find the greatest of ee nombers . AW iheluce kt) - ; : : else. { shy U Cbocy print®-( “vd ts greatest”, b) ; else : printé (“vd ts greatest | els 3 return o; SwitTCH vault? wey election Atatement Syntax Sustteh (exp) { case Cabek_t2 g M Statements break 5 case Cabel_2 If Statements + break ¢ ease bab ¢- de@ault + [| stotements ms break ¢ loop STATEMENTS loop —s set of PnPdwections (or) stolements evecuted repeadily unttl the condttion be-fole, tom Ww wed. > kntry~ controlled loop ( pre- checking loop 4) Ly vote, for > Gil~ controlled (oop ( pot teat / pod = checking loop } Ly do-schite uthile Loop Syntox + fnttialfratfon : while Coondition ) I body of Statement : therement / decrement s louchart + tri tal fealion Statumenly incre [deere en program Winclucts <6tdéoh S ofp: A - e fmt main) : 4 c S int Pats while (P< 10) f 2 7 : print? (“%/ed\n”, &) 9 C++ s to i return o 5 DIFFERENCE ByyO WHI AND foR white. for te alt three fn « We write fitialiadtion, > we ae = conditfon aust frere/deere, one. step - in three diff. steps. foe ; for ( vuthialiaatisn ¢ eoudilion ; ducrewut /dscreusen Syvitox + orc ue oe A act of darlrudious . propia Nthelue €etdto dhs ul matin { : fot ? 5 for (tats few erty { print (edn Ys } Co " wn Oe relorn 07 % Write aC program “lo (ind aum of fodtutduod, digtts of nomber. .: Aktnclude ¢ atdiorh> tnt main O { tae inl nr, sums Of print ("-Cnter ns") ¢ Sean (“Ad : %n) : uthile (n> 0) f 1 als Re nZlo ¢ Sum= Sumi h=n/io; printf (“som 1 /-d", sum) return 0; g write a C program to check whether the given number 16 palindrome or not: avinelude ¢ etdiorh> frit math O t tnt nm, ©, sum-o0 ying. preate Center ne 2 4 Seang Ly d" an) 2 tne ao whfle Ens. 0) { A re n%lo¢ Som= sumtiot r 2 n=n/io; cy 3 Sana parte (tn = = som) oo print C“ poltndrome") else printé c" i “halindreme! yy vetérn Oy ide in baa) ¥ bite a 0 program “to check whether the given number Ys armstrong number or not Abinclucte < stdforh> tnt matn () i tnt n, +, dum=0,4n 2 print (“Onter for bey 7 Seon€ ("Yed" $n) ae Ane=ns whl. (n>o) “on re n%lor nm Bom = somt (r¥r &r) » N= n/lo ¢ 3 C2 Ctn== 0m) prenté (" armstrong no: ie else prime (“not armstrong vio") = + return © 3 * ulrite a C program lo print -the table of given number. ak include < stdoh> tht main () f ° unt Lc Print ("enter number ") s Sean€ ("Ag "ands for (a1 otce { loz tt+4) wen*?, print (Md ™ Yd = pdm, or): 5 rek 3 urn Oo aol fon Mette 6 CO progeaue to prank (otlownng! Polen * £ eg et ” * % 4% ye vey, ALincluds¢ stdiosh > fat moin ¢) f ° tnt v7 Vd ' _ for(fateitzetod tir) { print C“eted +"); printf Xn"); 3 return O¢ Al ticluds ¢ eteliohs val usiain cy t wtp. ' for (bet Pent 3 by) { i hor (jets feng gas) f ; printe (dt) 2 priate ("\n") + 3 return O; , a t 2 (23 2s 4 teas 4 & Atindlude ¢ stdiv:h > tht matn¢) { tnt OF for (fats Cc=t0; ett) f for (jet a Jeet s fet) f printe (°%-d" js ernte (Sang } . ; 5 relirn oO; i w. « ek & Kee Ke & eee Ee KE we eK Kk kw kK & gptnclude < stded-h >, ed maine) ' int rows, &, JK <0 : print€ ("tnter novot rows: ")s z dcan€ ('x%d" Srows): lor ( Fats fe =rows » £444,120) { for fats jenrows ; far) | pract? (" yi 5 while (k I= (2*F-1)) { pratt CR") s Keres ++ky 0 (7, ' ~{ > hivan aa? "9 m ie=ey printE COXn") 5:4 J return 07 yr —————_—_ | __ ‘ numbe ane given r mw write a Cc program ‘to check whedher M4 & perlect number or not: Winclude =t { 7 Tf oct» Lact? s Scant (#7 4 t--¢ do _ f Z \ prénté Ud" Lact) + vetunu oO; Pe 4 oo os C++ 2 7 } white (fZ=n) UNCONDITIONAL Stateme NTS > break. : : j | ~ continue wed w loop So atateusits | . return cud execchon a values, variables, expresstons Bdom 4 tnt main 5 t tt num, ¢t 2 ao print€ (" enter number”) 2 Scan ("/-d", num) ¢ for (fats Cari0 7 C44) ; | t : Yo: 3 7 t€ (ebm =<) : : break + 3 print eCteeg”, nom) relorn 0; 4 2 oS 4 o 7 & q ao t (num - 2) Of: % coutinus 4 putt ("2a" wun)s retoru 0% Stk: sorléets te=moms fr) Se { fF (mow = =5) goto Att » —ferayS ——° > store collection of data'or elements: with Aame.+ dotatype- > Store homogenous eillettion of data : Syntax: dual 7 datatype arrname[ atze] : tht als); , to | 20] 80 | 4o] 50 fF Memory becuphed : 5x2 ato} att) ale} ats] alu) sto bytes. ADVANTAGES ° 0 Stores homogenous collection o€ data 2 Code optimteation Ls tess codento access the data. 3) Memory ts allocated continuously . DISADVANTAGES ——o Bese 0 Array Atze u €iked 2 Memory iy wasted, 3) jn Cnsertean ied deletisn no o€ elements "es dr@edicutt Arrays ‘ : i t Dimenstonal.. > 9- Dimensional * Multidimensional. oe ae 10 Array datatype Sree rere : tnt a= fig) : tnt a fs] = {t0,20,30, 4o, 50} 3 int als) = fo} : tnt alS] = fto, 20,30} — automaticalty takes other variables as Zero. int al] ={ te,20, 86,40,50, 604 °, 2D Array) iT 4, dotatype arrname [sooaize][colomnsize) » o Multi - Dfmemtonal Array fieatiags datatype arrname [sized] [sitter] _-.[steen] 5 Tiitfalledon- [Ce int afs'] = 10,20, 30, 40, 504 ofS) = [te,20,30f — other Aeuoim O- char name [20] ; « char nau [10] = Kavi” » ? char mame( J =" Wekouts ©” o 2 char name(s} = TR Al yl Gey * Writ a ¢ program # dead tre foot a elements aad Print: ‘of loctt array elameuts . tat matn() t loot tts) ; print ("Snter array) chant for (084 the sty Seont ("7.e%, sareq), for (i=0 ; fee, fe) printé ("Ze ay ‘return Os “4 & ulrfte a C program to print personal details pea student [Information t'ke student name, student'rell ae) Student marks a] 6 subjects, total, average J — arinelude 9 33 | at ent main 0) { char ch[201 ¢ a F tnt roll ¢ tfoae £=05 S tnt marks [6] + ust CF ; / . float avg 4 sp nes eu eee prnt€ ‘(Center student name, roll noe 7 ')'54 seane (“%S%/-d", ¥ch / AOblezroll) » printf (“enter marks +") ¢ : for (feo, feeb: TH+), a scanf (Sa/ad", Kot marks [é] ) 2 for be on; bate 5 THI t= t4marks(i] 5 ovg = t/6 5 printe (es\n %dX\n')¢ for( f=0 + fee. y fat) print€ ("7-4") marks C7)) s print€ (Xn total! Ad \n average: HO % t,0vg)2 retorn 0s i t te program to read cGPA 4 to Atudev dud Print them. AP tucluds < etdioh > Gal main 0 f float egpal to] 2 tat €; Priel (Order egpa af 10 xtudinls 7 Seon . for fo 5 Pe 10 7 t44) sean€ ("7-6") ogra de, i for (f=0'; ¢kr0; U44) |. print ("*¢Sne, egpa él) + relurn Os U5 phe p 202% tor strug, Ahere u mo need ed: we tw ean: statement . ex: scant ("*/-s") mawe) + TSeco2, the string B imteral’ poste mr. Ot dire ely pownters the characters. CEoncTions we write'a: complex prigrau : 7 His Mucuit for readability, te & also diffucult for ceusabititi/ 2 jAts's debaggiig " iy 4) 0 oe A block o€ code which performs specific Hosie wher fe & Cmvokted Cor) called . Functions are alse called moclule design cor subprograr Cor) user-defined functions 2 Aovantages oF functions __ o D Readabrttty 2 Reaumabiltty of code 3) Bebuaging]t eary/ 4) | dtvideag large program into mo-of modules lor) Lunetfons , “types of functions __o . ° WW Butlt—f function (or) Standard. Ubrar Lunétion = in unero! y @ these Lunetvons are already digined and storeal th the Comelter a i Any modi€fcation done by user will not reflect Deter We donkh know tnternal wor king of bul ti tn £unction , ©) User-defined function Created by wher. Any modification canbe done by user , User can kow fnternal working of function , cetl() —> round off the Floating Valus. ; : ganelrons has three acpects < ucer- ded ine! une. eallid by a Punetton declaratvon | rmaint) dune: 2) Catting a fonction eee : [otuay (3) Function de€%ton, operating Basten. Syntax, a . : dey returntype funename ( parameter (at) 2 J wo. clatot yp e arguments \ ( tt, float, char, Als valuet (or) verd ) oe * Varfables (or) data. pos ed throug b function . etevalios cs —fanitidn dat (Aum ( tht, Pint) Before maini), we have to declare the function , 4 ‘ fs . Tanetion de€inttion ° function header’ * selurntype tunename ( datatype varts datalype var2) + { Syntax i logite : nition b I body of function; % “anener dy ase sthiuclude < stdio+h > det aul tnt, aE) = Y) Lundlion declebalion int main () { fnt a,b,c ¢ Scant (“Zdef.d') ga, 9b) + peduel ——s pore" ula re = sum(a,b) 2 Puff callin 9 function print (“ex ted" e) 5 endef J formal Prey : ROE cat eve : a um ( ee uty) lv burel fey, dienihen return keys > relurn to call, 1g durtiou CLASSIFICATION oe SOLUNG, A Punetionl . i (WIth parameters 9 with vetorn value ) with parameters e owithout retorn value (3) without Parameters ®» with relorn value, CH) without parameters # without retuen value. mM Sep 22 ’ aw prograu £ Au of boo fai . “ot sum ( tnt @, tnt b) fit main () : eV do { tht a,b 363 Scanf (“%dlefed", ka, xb) 3 C= Aum (a,b) ¢ . ! printf (Saeult © fd" ¢) 2 retorn 05 : fat Aum ( int, tnt &) cetureath< tnt oe g CHKtY Ty » returnc - om B) votd au (rut dat) fut ain O { Pat a,b + Sean (“*a¥/.g", 80,96) 5 dow (a,b) 5 reluos ] void sum Cint x, ent y) £ a Tut ce c= kty 5! printe (8.4 e)s ° 10 Gab a Pbi"e + CHath . 3 Print€ (* dui’ = “/.d", fc) > uw ° wt sun ( ds void main ¢) ° tnt Aesult : result = ~zum( ) 3 Pinte ("result © yd" seule) ‘ Botd “autin (. iy ita be 3 C=ath. 3 result return es J) Passing Pavameters Techniques 8 +3 colt by value (data. ) 4 calt by seference (#) = | & void swap ( tnt, int) s tnt main 0) { Vea A PRP VY int ay, b> z 2 ae i pointe Ge enter a,b values hk ae ‘sean€ (* a ed * ", da, 3b) 5 4 brinte cC Sefore Awapptag : a= td, b=d" af): * swap (a, by; retorn—O; print? ("Aéter Swapping saz yb=/d", a,b): vord swap ( int x, int y) t tnt ts t=xe ae : t Coe Print C"ARter sunpping 1 MeM/-d,ty= "had x Y)s Call by value > copy value to the cated funct or, > any changes made tn the called functions will Mot e€fect tar cating Runelion .” Can by ference void swap ( ft » pint x) ft mart f t tnt a,b : printf ("( Sa, %b) 5 : ' ‘pri? (* Aeter Swapping Lastd, be7.d" a,b), retomn oy us void swap ( eat *x int *y) ¢ tt t 9 ta 6 ay ih 5 Hy

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