EERE moneon s SEE tence ion cecnhnsine nest nto CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Human Geography “raps rom the Unie tates, th United Kingdom, Pla and Austral invaded agin are 203th he primary goa of ign peace nd stably tora by removing he dcator Sade Hussein, By pl 208, erica Maries toppled {tes sn rms central qiarein Baghdad (i), bt the aft con "aes. Why? Lander he ampalg aed think og apicaly Nataly, qh rary borders ron by France nd Great stan that at tegaher dee ei rls aera ups ca recurs especial al, ‘Scuneveny dtd among the ee ror Oe patel part cotaid he unt fv our dead, Acetate etd Hse sear ores nd sed an ro ‘ounthe curt fr 24 years rage detstedthe ea fecal eatngbackto the curr uly the tman Ep for antes nd colonization by rest Bt nore Reponsy ay ade spegor ania 80a deploy cecal ‘apse war Bata fr yen Tensor eto anaan eine er the wor ended, tpt cae bath cuter want t lead the Prsan Gal eon tbcaae sete ar man sired sles hy ie asim seco prominent ably aq a shaky past wtthe Une States ncdng the Pan cul War, hen efcan oops helped push al Woops out Kaa The ‘pte state plays abnor st intheregon Between alances wth ewsh leanne bi “Theonging confit neq tens frm afro thi geographicaly Any aicant consideration ofthe groraphic capes frag wauldhave halen ‘held that removing the dear nog woul automat lea to amore pexe tual east twat have dicted mor aftention othe portance of ioral ticone ond the rlatonshipbetwon cnc distros and eres to sores. Traaisareminge that eopaphlalundertndiglsratan exercise nme Inga. Thinking geoph stundarenaly mpotant to any fort to make Sense of people places and cles. The galothserapeis teach youtothin (rota od sete many nerconnectonsad amples fur wa 1. befine han geography and describe the value ~ cata Landicape = hy Ting cof hinking geographical. + sale Geagrphicaly + Hon ope ae Gow apy 2 content atte + The SpatalPespective 1.3 dentiy types of map and examine the ole maps + The ali of inking Georrshicaly pay ndveavarcma ie ont 1.2 enya expan geograpy'core concent. + eat aps + tseton + Place + Generation nos + Human-Envionment + Movement + Remote ening and GIS Interactions + Beanson ison 3.4 basco how etre nfunce patans and + Regione “Relocation ifsion _procattesin human georaphy UNIVERSIDAD DE NAVARRA SERVICIO DE BIBUOTECAS13] Define Human Geography and Describe the Value of Thinking Geographically. Geography the ty of he spaces and places peopl ce ton he ground ond in thet ands, a the waysin which ‘rope use and sage the erienment Theil f human {hoereny focuses on how we oraize ourselves and out “chien space Row we ae conece tone another an ‘he eminent how we make places and how those places Intumshope ou ves howe ik abautand ogi surselestocal/ and global human gecpopy lnkaes the subdscprsf poli oeray, eon geogrphy, population ography, and tien geopphy. Human geography ale inedescutral ero, which Ie oth pat ot human gegphy and alse [Sowm apprnch toa apecte of human gsognohy Cara ropa look atthe ways clr, nln lion ln ing, ad ety are detbuted and affect haan og Top. catia eopapy ale examine how ture ec ‘urunderstanding oF topes adress In ran gery. Catralgeogapy can be thought of both as aomponent hana progrphy a a pespective on aman page. How People Make Geography Poop aves hgge impact onthe werd ow then at any Doht in bistory.n 3900, the werihad bilo peopl. The set waye to travel wore steamships arate and bose dro vey Now, early tllon ope can eos the globe ater of doy with ost aingeny axes t atoms, Fighspsd aoa, sane, and ships Treveling long ditncernehor Snes an communica Inginsant have lobolze he wort An io can spread eros the word and connec people Fam aterent paces ‘thn minutes. Globalization sa Set of procse tht are increasing iterations deepening laos, andar trating connectedness acros country bode’. Includes themovenent of mane, he iran of pope, the ow of ideas andthe raling an tad of beds Youmighhinkot (Gotliaton asa blokes consingthe wrldandmaling every Siac these but tate notte cae Olea om ace {oplce ate An ea or novation may spread wound the ‘vd ut people wl nerpet er change tat fea depen ‘ntheirewn experiance nd the porta haractersties 2lion people can read the same weet ate samme, but tale creates dvisone because those 2billen people an interpret the tweet hundreds of aferent ways, and many ‘terion never sete tot “Tisbook devotes onieable attention qlbzaton nts mpacta We recognie thats labolaed proces Nat “ferent impatsn cee paces because nota plaes ae the tre aceoer,whenaver we ek at someting atone Seay mela tik abet ow roca tht est ‘ther scle my act what we arestudyng (ee he sts Son of salen tis chopy We comeback gan and again to loli becouse ‘ofthe prfeuné impact as Ned onthe aman grap. ‘egropepherson instar Pete Tayo ond chet Wats {aon} eps ateer your pion my be, intl: tualengagementwithsoelchangeln the tenis centry hrs toadiesths concept sens, and assests pec to-apnn the word we curry inhbit We inepate the concep of goblin nt ou session ofhuman grog ‘hy because processes atthe gba cal, rocarses tht are ‘otaniust los places eanfined by national bodes ate ‘acy hanging people pines an cures Consist hess of ng On fe, the words une ‘eprom might ssn ey sohble, Tae the tata raul food production nthe word ve ty the wore’ popula tin, and you Rave ugh fod for everyone Yet percent ‘fhe words option i hung or crn undetnour ished. fthe 5 milion urgeraurahed people ball, the ‘estar are women and chien whe hve ile money ndevanies owe ‘Pique 12 shows how food consump Is curently isciuted—inevery ompaingigee 12 with Figure 13 ‘how hatte woltier counties also ae the best fe, ‘heres ia has humerus cunresin te ighst cote tes ofhunge sd underourishrene Te salvng hunger ae simple as each county growing nog fede feeds people! Do test fd counteshave the mest omable bl) lna? Gry ¢ percent of the and n Noy atl fr fang while mare than 70 percent of Banas iforabl Fig 14 Yet Nara wet, el fed county whl arladsh slower eae a underou. Shed ora everomes ts nadequste fod producon by ‘mpotng fod Bangoéesh depends once as ts tpl cop, andthe monsoon ran tht lod two-hrdsaf the unity {uch yer between June snd October ae god free produc tian thy rake sural a daly chabngefrsome. xp Ingthese ference simpossibe without eonsdering the ‘sopaphal character onda places an how they Se postonedinlatan tthe peopies, aces an tig "re the cos a the nt Aan coun of Kes ehat cxougfarable land edit popubtin bat te mes po ‘dcteand inthe westernhieladssusedtopodce cee de instead fondo acl eorsmptn. Foren cp tons own the ele and tea plantations, a they sl the ope aad, ie th foreign ner rom sallng coe ae {eatelpethetade balance and economy afenyaas eae, "al farmers Kenya fae challenges. Sal farsi the‘ BL oop i i z i y i i ce A z ebie ramet 2016 # ‘Suwon Eat Hl sm" Bt B cam low # man (BIER wt rarnatin andthe pcan aie fama nd ay cut Saha andeae pe havethe best esha eee pot fi ioe bat "decentnece conteh ntener understand ale ‘anaraeer aes espa oon net en eed ppt, lowlandshave been subdivided tthe pont tht many eto Small abe productive farms, Keyaharserneedegs 7 ter that empower women who make ups ofthe coun teysapieutural labore whic makes ent npn forsmal lamer who re women torso, tin nd and technology and goth production Intent, Kran famershave siflered tough severe rg cess tack Ing herds, ndconticin neighboring Soma Solving onecf he Kenya problems often ‘le srathe trmanjanseanveted the most productive formlan grow ing crops torleal markets pd aclconsumptn how would lower incam oie lod the xpath er ron Wt ould happn oth reso Kenyas con an he gover mentite there were signer less export reven om ‘cand ale ker lst ts get revenue cuntrypay the lane ower global ancl and develop: ‘Ansmering each ofthese questions rqules thnk ing geographically because the anawers are footed inthe characteristics of places and the connection: tore places have other places. Geographers often use certhe ground ettorkto gun right it such questions Geographers have long acon oF elawork, eg out thei and See what people ae doing, we talk o people and abeere how tar atone ond esetions vary aero pce, ane We fevelop maps and other visusizatins that help us stuste dane ws we lear. th thas, have countless fla eepriences, ond we share many without elp You understand the divers af peopl andthe inlsenea hap Inge development aces, ‘Addressing maor lob problems suchas hunger or Inequality i campliestedin or intereannectd worl. Scltion wil pay cutee ram pact pac, nd aw ‘things payout il have reyanal an poba consequences ‘ove une, Out gossin ths book ae to fei you make co ‘nections among people ad places enable you to recognise Datterns and process in human geography, eve you an Sppreciaton for te uniqueness of plac, and teach outa thinkgeopaphcly ‘The Spatial Perspective Geographers study hen phenomena nang langvage, religion, entity, setement pavers, and land use. They tls examine th traction between ogl andthe py Calenvonmen. Human gogapy the study ofthe spate nd moter charectests of humm placer a peo le, and physical geography sth study ofthe spatial and Irate charac ofthe pial enronmen Hunan1 etn Hanan Gap an bese thal Tg ceogopialy 5 nd physcalpographes may sy dient tgs bth ‘Mopta sar peepee “Geographer Maran kel once gv a shorthand def nition otgeograny the why of when How does here “amathing happens fect what happens? Why and how do things come together in ertan paces produce prtciar trteemes? Why are sone gs foundin etn places but tot in others? To what stent do devlepment none pace ‘rete urntended eaneequenesn anther pact To these {nestons ead sa what Why do eeences across eo [onc space mete nd wht do toe difeencss mes or oop theve and leore?Quetonslke thee ae at the ‘re of thinking genaaphcal andthe ae feel impo tancelfwearetomaiseseaf cur wort ‘Since geome covers 0 many thre, For people nd plaestomiption andcinates your be wondering what ‘venthing opentes study has in eomman Geograpets hud the word ith spat pespecve. Geogrpher are Interested nthe sal srangere ol laces nd pero ho, how thoy ari eu oranaed, ard aranged; ow they Soper on telanccae; enc owthevaos characterises! India lassie ad oran-nsfunce one another again the sata estrbution ofa phenomenon can tb animportat tstepto understand sapsrase ques ‘ons abet how rangements come ast, what processes ‘ete and sustain them std what rlalonshipsexst among ‘iret places and ting Mappingthe stbuton of ie ‘ase or ramp altanthe sete idngits case Understanding the Causes and Spread of Cholera in i854, br. John Snow an anesthesiologist, in London, mapped acer of cholera ia velghborhond of {onion ead Scho Choleralea diay hat eases ares nd dehydration, art was ound manly iia unt the begoning ofthe intent etary. seven 816 ap 82, Chole fsed tin, apn, are, and Meeranean Europe nthe fat ofzeral pares wali ates, ‘the dene, Dest by ehlera as orb) conve and ‘would come naar of dys, perhaps week, and ne one In whateaised th ss or hw oat 1657 wan clea cesod the antic ane red in North America uring the third pandemi, Wom 1042 to 1862, England was sverely ht han cole swept trough Soho, by. Snow made a map. He marked thehome ofeach person who cd fom cholera wth dt, ne also mared the Mtoe pumps where people wet to gett water fo hai foes ig 8) Approval SOD ges occur In Soho, End asthemap ook shape, showed Wat n especialy tube those death clstred round the waterpunp on Brood sret atthe doctors request cy auhoiles removed thehandle om the Broad Stet pu maling imposible to get mater fom ft The rest wa dma Almost nme thay te rami of eparted nen cee alt neat 2, forfiing Snow's theory that cel Is spread through Chole baci are cad in ces papowho hve the disease Cholera estilommon in place hte water hot adequate tested or sewape sep into water spp, frwater In places without sanitary sever system, buon {ecescan esl conninate te water sup Even In places thank sewer satan, lea contamination an occar Sen eer which are pica the water supply, Noo the stay sewer stem ‘Cholera remain eat in urban sls ace Chapter} where eros to sanitation ad een water ra lcng Cel ‘autoresks alo occur in places wth armed confit andin Places wth etre head, ncn earthqstes nha anes, Cholera spreads queso an outbreskcan ely ‘tse regionally andtuminto anepieri oregona outbreak tf echnare, Stating n 206, cholooxtresk Yemen on ‘heAaban Pein, became the tastes spreaingetieak invaders story. More han {milion people were quichy infect because on etiated 1 milton of he 2 rilon people ln amen danothave ass to clean water ad asc [nntation a he result of cl war and bombing ince Strctre fom nihbar Saul abla who supper the Boe frente In danuary 200, a earthquake that egistred 7.000 the Richter acl ital near the capa Portine ths ater there wars choler utbeak inte Atibonte ‘egin ofa (Fi. 1.8, The United Nations (UN) achnowl ‘dees that peaceeper am Nepal who were sent a help Malt fter the earthquake brought cholera wth her. Te UW camp that hosted the ponsteepers was located on 3 ‘all er that flomed inte the abort ie a these ge cn the cam resets scares it the vet, Chala broke at ung the thousands of Hallas who sed thedrbocte ive or thw supp. The sss spend ‘uy reaching he apt ly of Pre-au-Pene Mere than oo sins cen nous ht feted 77,00 people ling water ofr consmlon a thorough waring cothands prevent the spread of eles, but wate conta tated with cole anda ack acceso sa9p ate commen place problems in ary parte word cies Avaccine ces, But is effectvenca i nied, and is costly. De. snow scieved a letory by thinking geographically, bu the war nin cholrala not yetwon. ‘The Value of Thinking Geographically ‘The Snow example shows that thinking geosraphiclly Ivete mich more ttn memorang places namo. Place locaton arta geography wht dates are to sty. Histo isnot merely ebaut memoring dates, Toundestand Nitty eto spree how events creumstanes, and eas ame together at pares times to produce certain autores. Kowiedge of istry, of now diferent people created and ‘rand events thot ave devsaped over tine, serie tounerstanding who we are ad whee wee 3gVor cst sige ster. rowseprars some, ape ar tat Understanding change across spaces equally impor ant to understanding change ove ine The great German piilosopher manuel Kan srued tat ve ned sles Focused natanly on pater eoereteatbutes ofthe wold ‘ands acs ceononie and salon), bt on tine this anéepae etary The dines of story ane ‘revo have tell cre etre ty thr pespectes Sopposed tpt subject suc. The spatial per ters» poticalarwayof ooking ata ti hu eng om plea leone and wba sons to ace Sndimiston Because the spatial perspective ghes insight across s brond range of tapes, human gograptershavecareers Tocaton anys urban ples post remat sensing nalyt worn information slants, bea sacl teovel constants, pleat analysts, irteligenceofcers, cortoeophers ears sol sclntts, anspor pan ers parang, anderen consultants lla these Carers and mre ae open ta geographers because each of these els egues spl penpectveto understand poo bead paces gar ngs es otrecen a Dera inmunan mast tt ents oe wasp ad Sig oc er ow i ct teh te gt aura king Geographically1.2 ey and pn GegrpysCn Canon 7 “ATLANTIS OCEAN REPUBLIC. ~ IIGRITEN chotsinn 10. rte andcane dearer weedy sceee ‘Svs depletion Porson tetncas nao nS Cats 32 Identify and Explain Geography’s Core Concepts. Geographic concepts help us think grographically, make onnectons and understand ease stubs gh major cr ‘Eptsn geography tat oth humangecaaphor: and pyc roraphers eto yeh word Incl eatin absolute Shela) human emdronment inaction, el, ac, snoverenclturalandsap, ale, aca” Location Location refers the geographical poston of people and things en Earths sires, Aconcern wt eatin undetis lms all gaogrpbil work, we te toying a place or ‘ur opsohy onpnstorn he une Sie fc Gamo cece henge apres egal reign emer LSetdonracnaneweotcocepin gery omy psc haz e neato non he able action, the recs lation of pac, sy defined by locational coe ates aide plang) Cooprapers peer gota te \ccaon odo eld wort se the pars ant meth oop ‘utlcaon snot ont sb cnoeints tis sbeut conse Ingo the place playa role the erin anda afectst appentntheloeaton ay, Relate locaton istheloation of placate rentveto eater lace or Birbte Ato and reat lection provide starting pans forconte. Toundertng what appenod an why You est ‘rasdtokow where—bathinasalite areata ‘Geographers develop maeledescbing the oatonl properties of parte phanemens ever prediing where thins ae ely to acu. Cagrephers, eel econanie eosrephers, we leston theory t answer eet ane Praca! loons about where something seul be ted ‘ray i cated ware ls An economic geographer who ows lostontheoy mig eb Whole Feasshoud bebultdomtounornasubue, sigaeopericorton ‘sans (9) the economic pographer woul conser char ‘Stee eltngrelghorhoods ane new developments, Imeimincomes, lst ofthe shoppig aes and oceyIESE tet, tee ahd htot oi ingtn eras opal tn koe ‘rr tesmtrn ie ora oct 8, dew the US ry pettagnetltssesedicendenishdelamchl eevee stores, and sting ir oad syste Sno, 2 6808- Foe cold determine te bet nin fora wide refs bp ang ein wife abt an miaton pater, man xttenent pts an us, andrea networks. Human-Environment interactions Thinking acogrephicallyrequites undrstanding the rcp Toca oto atfecting each oe relaenship between humane andthe phil wo elton geopraphers al Peeple crage er ferment and angi ernment placepressiron peo picto rect For example the US. my Caps of engineer Urained port othe Florida Everglades, wich changed the pis envronment (1.7). Charges in Flo's Frentinluing draining wetlands tering cus Adin biding on barr isan, nd enevrg mangrove \woesice an ir pathaldestiction fr tieanes People Feopond by bldg up seawatsand nasctre, creating reo paths for water ow and erecting homes on tits Fach hum action wl crete paw erionmertal impacts, ‘hich spr anther eration of amarante tion Thiningpeogrphialy ten ques aking atthe "Tounderstend how cnttnpoary eceraphes ook at human-onnetingractons tee sat by deli Ingo wedo rot do The enclert Grek acedthatsome of the people wh care win te expandngere weer thel pelle ther ere ellos, eb they red Aste decid narten European people 2s "alot ‘pie, butincapable of ling others and characterized ‘sian people by which he meat the nha fantsof mode Try arg and inventive,» ul abayeina state of sc repens to being ten ver by an outslde pete cates othe ers her they cin fs mind th cadre European fionment encouraged people tebe and ‘he mormer inate of Southwest Alfred peopl tobecme ede nists vewson is toplc had along loin impact, A recon a the st hal of thee conta ilar ations stilt strong spp. In 1940, nthe Prins of man Gagaply,Evorth uington and Cccoshingwot:"The wellinawm cores een the ert peopl of he mot ro fresve parts ofthe trpeate2one ad he Inerinnsbansoftetplesand evra reat egon sche esl sry eto Climate the people ofthe eyo regione tana above tax othe other part he ‘era hat thy arto natrallesders™ Huntngton ana Curing ain that cleat sthe ctl lactorinhow people behave, Yt wha eonstuts an "et" timaeleso he eve of thebeolder Fo APS, ees the Mediterranean inate of Greece Tough the eyes of more recent comments am were Euope snd Nor Ae, ‘hectinaes mest suited to progres nd produtvnessh fatae pte, nd tchnoogy te You guest tose of (resem Europe andthe otha Unie States Tes the (reser examples theloen than anette manbehavrstundamestly lector ere ote byte pea enone. nonmetal termites that pln Europe ‘superior to the eat te work beeaseoT cla ané tecaon gore the fat that for thousands af years, themest tectnlogialy advanced itmons were notin Europe The places whee the agree an bn eons orginal {ook place-theirhparths, the afeao las where an de, Innovation of tecnologyoignates—were in North A “Southwest il, Southest sand ost la et arope The Same conbessa forthe heart he wr’ jel ‘hiping away at enenmently determi ex rations helped mave the hman-enfronment ntrictnsin tne Insightful divecions Everyone ares ta the natural “roan affects human cbt nsone was ut people tiethedecionmalrsandthe roars tho davesol “tormenta forces People shape riot contaniy ‘iteingthe landscape andaeringemonmertl syste. Imvesponse to enfrmentl termini op epes argue thatthe natiralenonment realy sere tthe tare of choles lable to ctu. The elas that 9508 tty males dapend on whats members pee and on what technology avalibeto tm. Gagaphers ald this do‘ve posi ha Rian partly becae enenutaes aie finely that ‘Start the physelendronment ad asks ‘onmertalyporubie” rough thal ow eas tnd advances ntechnoogy. For eal, one theoryinssanable development eying ‘apety which osha re of ld can ‘upport etn numberof peopl nt sp fine While caring cpaety makes rte ‘ene, Riots oie apart area ‘fends cayng copay. so nthe ter nected, ecologies dependent wot, Ieieporbe to wanseend may ofthe Unit "iors inponed bythe trl erionnet “day, much research I Mums B08 raphy feces on haw a why people have Sheredthirenironment and an the sstan- ‘rerlgping Rs of ty have developed ‘tural ecology a potties ealogy. tat scology concerned with clue st ase ‘sf adaptation oad alteration ofthe rien tment Pats eolgysundamentaly concord withthe Thotonmental consequences of comin pata ecopamc frangemonts snd assumptions (se chapter 13). The fu manta polis that man sacs are dese andthe mn wl to poner be eterined by enone Regions eons rater central conceptingeography. region's fares of Earth witha degre of sy hat derentes ‘trom sounding aes Haran phenomena leg, languages Sideline and physi phenomens fe, tomadoes ae arthqsle) ae nt eveny tbl aeress arth isto, thoy tod tobe concentrated In repos Aegon canbe an fea dist yon individual este suc asthe Com at inthe Una Sates or the French ngage region in Canoe Regons can alo be proaucs of paltal development the European Union er peel’ percepts th ves, ‘Geographers se feldnork and bth qunttatve and ualtative methods to develop cesriptios of eifeent ‘ego of th word Novel James heer ance wt that (whenever touting et bool fst prepared i {ally tuning to book ten by repens seowraphors about the arco where fe book would best Unetstanaig re ‘eglonalgnograpy of pac alawsusts make snes of ruth ‘einen ave bout Formal Regions _ceogrphersdeniy the kinds of regan formal funciona, ana peresua A formal region tare shared at eter pysal orcuturl Afra physi region sores a certain eopaphicectre, such a5 the kart mt, se al chna, The southside te [erat cali a eSc0 Woy steerer ‘exon of Chin (Fg 2.9 aforma cultura regan people titer one oor clear rats For example eregon ‘fEurepe where enc ssplen bya maa of the peopel 3 onal regio, Wiehe py or ature charge thesrle of mays the formal gon changos ve move up tothe global sae, telat ein pablus nestone Fels along costines anno onthans that wore toca underwater Ah gall, the ren speaking feral reon epund beyond ance tei former ech ‘elie fe, French Quebec and vesas tetas hat ‘est under control ofthe French overeent Functional Regions functions reionisn ace that shares 8 commen purpose Functional eons have nodes, places tha fonctions central connecting points fora tional elon Functional regions have a shared palit, soa, or economic purpose: For example, 2 iy ars commuter fw elon (sa Fi. 8.1) that cam also be Considered sade repos eape divin the mao cy to tor shoa, ov doctors, Trade region commuter flow Fegions ave futons gions The functions shopping ot tor ad the marek te wtich people wis te nods anna epane ae often cry dvr. Knell region sna dine y sina ctural ras, uta bye {seteat ne peopl win he repos acto oper ole ‘aly socially, or economical Connection toe node lp ‘define te botndarer of neonl gion For example the ‘iyaf hig i nln eponbeeve the people win ‘the cysts py cytes oa othe cy forsee, and ‘ote eecton, nce you star hing about uneional Feeions you wilveaize that at thls rmoment you aren Rut tres ox thousand of fnesina gions a the sae tn.10. CHAPTER A bitodaon totam eopapy eisai inchcago spre cy, dean or ‘rear, eschoo dete, ataderepon tsa ois, ‘hewenethfedetl etre det nd nds (mae to ‘Sn more ach nina eon the lghprnad nhs Spurnoseorfncton-wheler polite oc or economic Perceptual Regions _rercptal eons are images Pople ayn tha inde sed on ezmusted cede Uipeots ces ad thngs 39) Pecesuaregorscan Inte peop onthe ctrl eases lo angige, and ign), place andthe posal als mourtans pans, oF ‘ast, endbultevonmes else gscrpers F tech hose) Forempl Clon county US Sotess eam wth otc ods See and jambs ‘do aj deve yf ea postive cposton pope Shore thatlsenteed fais an eran. ‘eter me oe conacos oft or ol ne use prep sejon tomate Sse ofthe wot When aw ep says ‘Smaigheppened inthe Miles weave peeps ‘fever dle arti and what hereon loose. Our septal rn can chang over tine Bare Septerber Sot, mos Resa though he dle at reon ned troq ind an, but svetehed no farther ea Aa the hunt or ‘seman Laden began andthe med foci tteton on thetorsh ule he Talann iharstn, pereptonsf the Mile Est change. For many Ameria perceptions tthe Me Cot rete ast to cod ighanstan end Pasian Scola who specie inthis ptf tebe ad IERIE tHe sous, Tenens fpecept ns tent dne Pes teen ene hy \etorloonesendgineniedmapaehepereel gone os vn ith ‘Serpe carat aed sts etn ive Siewert npn nr {hed inte soso erties Gros an Abaca he ‘Sathana pecan pono isi eS {epson long stud the relationship among parts of Cental sa, Sas he vont dd set but porto the onrettons betwen ighanstn and Pakistan andthe resol Mises waeanoxineatetomox Are Petepelrepons ae alo called vernacular regions venous acl gusge people ue to communicate. ‘vernacr ogon ia peeps ean that has sich ‘trong siieanes tothe people nthe peeeptual region et itbecomesthe lene through hin they se thelr wor and 1 way people ently thames. For example Cm people coy strony wh cajun Lei hey may ee thingshappeningete le ofLouslnaor tesa ofthe US. Inusmsot how the happenings met cajun out Ding ‘reugh the aun elon, yeu may ee ins sing ings he “Ths lca county or lame can court ®ycaog thenachesereponendieryng svg wththatein.the cepa ein facut hasbecame vec pat [henge ued tomate seas fthpoplead the plas, Perceptual Reglonsinthe United States cura ag taper Wir 2snsly aad te names buses chosen tra eo dently 1 peep eins inthe United States te southern canada makes regional map ofthe Unies ‘Sais, Zens anbn tephoe decors 2T6meropel ian areuinthe Une tates ard cand nating eaecy yw busieses and ote ene wrens rc ‘oral ems(echas Soudan ining Campo Westen Pe injinthestngs ‘he resultlag map of ais’ per cepa gon (Fg 120 may lo well with oral cata regions based on city, Shared istry identified by geographers. ‘When you examine Zelinsky map, You willaat hase ote regions oe Tap in certain places. For example the nore general eth West inarporates part ofthe Northwest and pat ofthe Southwest. ie formal regions ere tual etn overiap ap do ot hove ‘leaeat boners, Pepe regions are not stat, How ‘ian diferent gins and ow po plein the perceptual regions see ten Estes andthe region anges ove tine “Ie preeptua elon af he South has Changed snc the ci rigs mavernent tthe nos e133). Me Spt hs ttre, forge yma om other ‘untesurbonization an tharovement ‘of peopl om othr pats of he Uned Sutstothe South ATthesaretie, the South cones to cary impits of cl {ure vth dep itr ronts ough fag, elon, mis foe preferences, Sndothertedeons and csioms.12 det andes ceagaphyscoreConaps 12 ot festursin he cat: the st of auses rant mend (itor example cl aco parce tbe Southe,snumber of apts ‘hurchesinatonn alan ew Tose eon ‘inedimpresions become pat of your ove ‘Sipeaptionof the Sauthas rein region, whether rma, fenton, pevaptul ae nay of organizing people End ploce gepnhealy. Reponate form ‘fst clean, and of shothand ‘rad hanaelage amounts norman owecanmate sess peopl an places, i Reaiene ‘ot North Amerie Place Peceptulnepnscor mere Thismap epee fourth mor geographical concepts ap Prcaseriba iniysrenoconpovptalepsasatieuntesSatced ture by the seemingly sine ward Pace, Ethene, theunquenes of eatin Al plas have yu dive south rans, Pitsburg or Det, you unique human and physical characteristics, and one ofthe wtnocposraspeceaceuhereyoucverthe South You purposes geography feta study he spedal character and Toefecuresinthe ctl landscape ha you presivetobe meaning pace. Geerapherspay atatont theatres ‘Stovoted withthe South (ich a Wafle Howse retaurants), that cresteplacs ad consid how the complex atibutes {nd otsome stag often these estes wl bepnto dorm ina plac shapes whathappen nd why. One of eopapy's iMate the londseae to such degre tht you wily," am cove eae tat wba happess ten nance by whee tally inthe South now This may restr combination happens ace mater. Sine no two places are the sare, 2 Jonathan Leib torte; Anbena he Soetoro texan el ned on he o's anicape The a Wor an Gl AD Iovate woos important rs nthe ary ef ‘herein The sat ramercommemaate Henge las ts the sit of the 3238154 Montane bs bo {oth inched the ips moeeers The jet mas ‘putea Ron Ps set ata se reed to ob lntonacy turn dond oy aie pron Mert Theron peepee aging om oppor fe anoint. Pinte cveceate ago captor nerplcng ates nd puri honoring te ci ar and tect gs movenant ‘esautelonae (EDITEEEY sentgener Aba.22 CHAPTER. nmaduetnto Hann engaphy [EERIIEER sits recast. fry tts toinpresions stent ‘anya esr neato algae ow es Sou mores wh Trepoohatbesunbao slr ve, the whether allow a Weimar to be but na ‘identi ghborond, wily ounce wnt ways Trough experiences we haven laces, ve assign mean ing ad eration to places People develop asense of pace byinfsing lace wih ssning ae emotes, emember- Ignorant event that ecard ne plc, or by abelng piace wtha ceain character Goce we experienc ard Give hearing laces te canhave a feng om when We {ein aceran place, We cana use egaveremoriesor ‘erence and develops negate sense of place. "Wels develop perceptions of places where we hove never been though reading books, Watchrg mols, hea Ing store, and secing plctures. Gegraphs Peter Gould tnd adn whe ase cllege students In Cabos and Fenrir: you oulémave to any pace your choke, ‘tout nyo theo andl and other estas, where Troulyou Gk ove” Stent espanses showed a strong bine or theihome reyion and revealed thet student fom both eins hag neptve petspions athe South, pala Chi theGrst lin, and Utah Fig. 1.2) apelences we have hadin places, lack of expeience in oter laces, and images we et rom books, movies, and ee videogames sapecurpereponsofpacs Movernent ovement refers t the mobil of peop, goods, leas Movement san expression of he interconnected ressf places ovement sso enpertantin geography that “Several eer geographl concepts ean be considered part tmaremen-Twe ofthe moet mportant ances in og ‘apt migration an fusion, ae part ofthe age theme sf ovement, We dedicate Chapter 3 to migration, 0 In thssecton ofthe enapar, we focus primary on efsion Geographic cancpte ate oe intereannected and canbe teed together tthink gsopapicaly soured about the ‘ances inthis section think about how each las io the lrgerides of moverent and haw ech conespt isconnected Aathe others Dison the spread ofan ides, imoaton or tech: nology from te het rin) ether people an paces. \Whetherand how someting ses depends on the amount i teretion between and rong places If peopl in wo piocs ert equa ough ad, tural at hela fH0E6, lpn, an ating ses are more yt fuse etree the to places. Spatial interaction between places depends on the dltances between pees the measured‘Suen Prater tLe a 0% ve 0-23 eae (9-0 orn leo eran Tio ea soxe Ela ton | T ? CIEIEEEL tcnames plyskalepac) the acces of places the es of ach Ingone locaton fom another) and he snspartation and ‘onmuniatonconnsctivity smongplns (the cro of Tnlagebetuen ocationsin sete “he difsten process depends Inset on the Une ané sistance rom sheath a 1970, Swedish eogrpher Torsten Nigerstrand publishes pionering research onthe ole of tien difson Hagerstrand’recearhrevele hou tne, se wel gstnc,sffecsndduathuran behavior and the spread of people and eas. Higestran’s ascinatng research stiracied many geographer tthe study of if lon Ae general ile the farther a Hace Is fom 8 hearth, ‘holes iy an innaaton il pend there ande aot Sinan; he acetone af an ianovatanbecoes ss teh ‘he lager lakes reach ts potent septs a cmd ‘ato, tne and stance cause ime datance decay inthe Aiton process. Nota tas oinovaon ifs Existing ctrl pret rents ortaboosins ace can make ee hey for ern innovations, leas, or practes to ifs Religious ballets Inoy work gaia the adoption of cern procter dea, Sich as dees, abortion, orcontractve se on thea icalor moral gourds Some culture or rion preitst Consumption ofaleohalie beverages, and others prohibit numing cetaln Hinds of reat of ter foods. Ane food produc tht ncdes pol net ze nto pedarinay 12 Wty ancEpainGegaphy sCoreConeys 13 esim or evsh pan case followers ofthae lions are expected otto consume pork ‘Geographers ingle between two mor ypesof di furor: expansion and relation. Within expansion efsion, _sographersaeny tre types of expansion dition: con fagous herria ond stimuli Expansion Diffusion Expansion ition errs an nnvatin rides that ve fopsin heath and remains rong thre whl so sean Ingoutward (Fig. 1.13, hy ample sthe expanson am. ‘clas hearth war onthe aban Pol Frm tee, lm tse to fot ad Nath Aiea, Bough Sout so ‘Westin an tert th eas evan a5 itremaned tongon \ihen expansion fasion occurs pimanly a suit of person-to-person contac itis calles contagious fusion teen ig) the clearest xample the eusbn of fee through a community Fer example, aster ames tO flee wha cue the fs andvlinet hore seted nea, ‘wha then interact wth ant eft tes cls to thm. Cal {ual alts can alse fe through contagious difusion An ‘ample might be someone coming schoo wearing tleof shoes hich ten clssmatessee and adopt, nd ten {ation che sreeds from tereeco aSect Ce coe cfee 6 0 o@ en oe eee he © 09%? oe ete fee ‘A.Contagous Ditusion When trend or innvation fies cc sometines scemsto came out of onhere and then suddenly explode? and be eeenvitaly everwhere. Kevin Plank a graduate of ‘he Unversty of Maryland wha payed otal a» walk-on forth Terping invented aes ger hit tht ced Woy sweat and fncioned a cotng yer nde otal gat ankles ne oda par UnderkmoW. Hegave ‘amples ofheot ger UnderAmourshirs to Ns ends at he Unies of waryand ant fens atthe otal tars inthe East Const Conferne ig.48). These“ of thew Ur Arar wre otal player comeced ‘Kevin lank orto colege teams on thacas cast. The spread of Under Armour heat gear a case of berorenical sion ne Fi 119,249 of expansen a fusion that stats withthe knawers those whe have aad doped he ao novation, an then hises ough @ etry ofa tke peopl art ink pce Fashion aussi Par ian, fd New York ereatene ses, wich ‘thn fur berries among the pele nat ok rete the ehonnduty, then to major mpanes tht tral sordable fon soldi mala one, nd even alto shoppers. Whe nanan tal ortechnolgy ses rch callyitretecthowpoverssstbuted ne vdeing pat ial soda oreanomicsysten nur feshen eal, those 2d the the pat become afepes are the ret most pom ‘ul The ditisin of utara ate rego and language Also ocrrshercicaly ad follows the une yng dab "on f pane or example curing th Roman Erp, than Innguage diffused Fam Rome ough mila an pte Nereis hen the empl conqure ans young people were requ to join the amy, and to movecp though the ‘ans, they had etn Latin atin al eed ough he ©. Hierarchical Dvtaion sed Hacecal ton, conasoudse, he tsp om (rh bec en, etesaeds on eer Contagious nd terete! ‘sion ° 6 political erachy. Roman senators spot Latin and Rome Sued laws natn. nthe empl’ provinces, judges ued rey do ess, novation, or technologie only contapjoutyo ony herreially test Under Armour al ‘teed contaginul from the founder tied on rent ‘oot team tothe renge. Thee capers wee colge “ootal athletes who were ting to ty coo and Keep thelr thing eee pcg inte ots wien ay eds ‘ool ates sche cee and soccer player oa (BISON cotegerr tind unr tmauresope norte ep ney pra he sys Norland Sne0:2 Unerimmrtainarpemtedometet be =rece th sports nth sn sow er Armour and als ‘opted Under mou ale ded here. The com ny eat garded om allege ad profes foto ayers young ales whos os ok nat Ue Ue Frou lego on therfore players spats and wnt to ‘ited to non-athletes ha Sa peoe they knew wearing ‘der moar cath and baht the gers fasion end fmpoding Unde Anours revere bas rm Std millon a otto Sbilion 201 "iv on novation, tat oe as popular through diftsion, tote spirespinof ideas ad new pod tte Foreampl, college and profesional thes whose teams ad contacewith ike of Aas wanted o wear eat fvarclething, and sre wore Under Amour beat Ser Fike and Aas uniforms is promped Wk, ds, nd her alee compari oof te eum performance gy Inclosing compression stirs, compres shor, and sports bas bering loge Under Amour ced a stimuli to ‘ils ro Perormance ne se aie’ Clima imate ne ‘Under Amour’ eflomanes ine romped simulusdfsion rica erperinentation ad change the Nie a Aas rand, Simul dion the dpe of expansion di fusion andthe proces of furon where octal ats end tocrest ssn at tral tral or prot thet eleny oy a peo plein a place can encourage simula fusion, Noal es fan be ready and iecyadeptd ba rocevingpopule tin;some art mpy to vague, unatanabe diferent, or Impact orients adoption Nettles, ae ea ‘ay ndrecy promote local experimertation ad event ‘Change in wap of Gong things For ample, the sion 1.2 aan ceagophyscoreConeps 15 fx mats rode fod inthe latent ature to theinteducion ef hamburgers onda, Approximately a0 percent of nd’ 12 billon people are nn Hin te enpected ta not consume bee. The prion of bel onsumptanis a msjr elu obstacle adoption of he amber Fg 115) terse McDonals began ‘elingburgee rade ofvegetate prods. Thus the son oF th hamburger stimulated anew frm heerlen tewtotind Relocation Diffusion ‘in expanson afin, whether contagius, herria or "Simul popl say a place ondtheinnovaton, eo, ea, Srdiscace moves elation dflason ors when 3 ‘rinnvaton spends rom sheath y he ation of people toting ad aig the des orinovatn with then Relax tion eifon primary happens tough migration. When Iigrants move from one pace t another, they ake their ‘utr teats ith ther. Developing etic neighborhood ina new oon bepsmirans alain thee etre in the niet fn unfair one ee Chapter Relocation Sion involves te actual movement of ndviduls who have tired adopted the eso movatio ard whe cry 3 ‘em, pha tant locale, wher they proceed a dssem tote (F136) eoctondfsioncaneve hep malta ‘tara ais andcastoms. the homeland of ian ses ‘hough es popustin cla alts and customs fae inthe earth whl gaining tenth nthe etn neghbee hod broad eb naan ep i) dale con ay Cae catescencrywe ence nme ser etoran soa 3, Sta top inen o a sri harse RSCHAPTER 1 ntodatlonto Hunan Gages, ‘ty. Thy payedan monn dept ean. any endn vin boron aed Cntows-nt=oy ‘into ware gst ose host ee LE Cultural Landscape Geographers ue the term nccapetorfrto the materia Chaatere pac, the comporof ntl features human ‘trues ndothar angblecbecs tat gi aplace pat ‘ar fr aan geographer ae partly concert wh ‘hectare te vile lmpint ran att on hela, eninge ndscapes ries the races nd partie of thee whoshpedtielardsap ove tie Famer Unvaty ofcalfmia at Bee professor Cad Stuer curl anapesarecompese ef he rms ernposed on the psa lanésape by haman at, Wo plece on arth untouched ope have made an mprnton every place on ath Fig 247, Pyle rion ‘ments ike mous and laces have the prof people nde pt of the call ndscape Bul vironments Belang rons memoria churches, el, and homes ae tls puto the coll lndeeapa Cah te mass mn imprint onthe dace hich crests eof eatralland seapesinone pl. lua landscape con refet ong prods of human ctviy. seach po al pope ave ndoccipien plas, they cary hei on techno are cata dons and tranfor the landscape a her wn way-n 1823 Derwent Uitlsey wed the term sequent occupant describ the mpi made seer of people ing alandscape—cach Laeating lye ontop oth ne tat came before The Tn nian iy lO ex ala provides a intresting efmple ‘semen occancs. hae rm Zane ist has these (lois mprited » ew ayut and arcietral ty for tomes and goverment bling Pal tinbered Teuterie) ‘hen they che the ya the centr oft Eat Alcan cok ‘ter Wad War when he Germans wer ousted, a rt isn amistration tok ove tect and Began yet another pared of uansfomaton, The ish encourage migration Fmt elon nid Taman The sew gant Asan population crete a one of See and ours apartment ous whch look they wee vanslantd for Bombay (om ur rd ig. A0A and Ther nee 90 Dares Sonat became the capta of re ndependet Tn tia Tecly experianced fur stages of ctu ornare tbs thanone century and each sage fhe sequence rains Irpendonthe ctu nscape natural andsexpe ates ues tthe cura paces, ‘ales nd pints of yer exapars. AS gographo™ Palrce Levis eplined in Ata for Rend the Landscape {437 "ouruman ands eu unutig autobiog soy, reflecting uses, ovale, our pation, and even ut {Eoin tong vlan Uke Vinten Lew ecm ‘mended ldtngor ayers story sn eultual practic {talandsepan dng tht et aor ehangs nthe ctrl landscape oc fra major eve such 25 3a. ona) tobe ormap tats mare hate Sdlngtude les Asstlite- bse global posonng stn Ponisi eta eat fn arth wither seca. We ‘not aly note ssl oeatons bbc weaso nome obit sae Sind eboltedrection betwen then, hich mean wean useraps for wot (ing Resch colette a ‘sacvntefnalow eadnisabe paseo divers she, hunters ut ers and iersto use GPS tf bse Giecton and abso ste between Places and tack pate Carsare equiped With PS units and dashboard mp Pleyel commoners aiatetaiard travers id er way. sripones cupped wth GPS png spread thea GPS even frthor Geocaching Dopsarhesy based on PS Geocchas {se thr PS ris play a esse tne allover the wort People lee ie ‘rere each smart ‘oats thal GP ae pet cnsen thelteme your he cae yout tetas endo ancien Melatve location describes Qe location of pace in relation to ster humana physical features. Desrptoresch as Chicago ‘nak Michigan, south ofwautze”or“Cicagols leated ‘here the croeecunty ratoads met nthe 10D" or" ago isthe hub ofthe corn an soybean marhatsin the Mi ‘et real desert Cag relate ter fests. thesouthem Wisconsin north ings nd western nana repo llr ondelend to Chicago ig 1.20) ths regan peape define rich othe ves eative to Chicago because ofthe it intreanncedness beeen Chicago ae therepon NortwestIndan esoconsecte tw Chicago tht Ithava tine one sparate tom thereto Indian, lng pewlelnnrtweste indians ostayin the same tine one bv locations do aa change, but eave cations chang ver time, Fredeihburg, gin scat Maly tetneen Washington, D.C, and Rietmond, Vga Today, tise subi of Wangan, th comater tain pools, uses, nd care moving commuters between their Fen ercaburgand hel worplacesin mevopltan ‘Al Major Rade (eadte chicago. ‘Mio aoase IDGUIREEY ver noadeendt chicago. Te netvorot ann esa alae oman they heron22 CHAPTER 1 nkoductonto aman ompapty Washington, Dring te Cl Way, several body ats tok ‘aca Fedvihaungathe North and Sout ought halay betwen tr wartime capita The able lation fed ‘heheburghse not change, bu i plce elton ts rounding places eran hs. Mental Maps eal cay maps in ou minds of places we ave been and places we have meray hear af thas ae called mental fraps yauhave ever been fe Great Pun he Und ‘States you aly imagines elon enempasing some ll oft atta, South Datos, Nebraska Kensas,Oishoms, “nd athe Teas. Een fyourmenta map isnt acute, Joust use to pres normaton abot Gest Pans you hear the newts thats trnadedarage a town in ‘histo, you se our map the Gest Pars eon atte ones ah Panels nape ‘pound are then gested, ‘enorme em, nd okshoma to make sons of whet the tomado occured snd was atta byt ‘Ourmentl maps loa places often tec our ctvy spaces ne spaces we move tough fovnely. Ov metal tno places we travel trough rutnely ae much more have ever ben your Fend calls nd ake you to meet her the move theater you go equerly your mental map vill engage outa end your bin il star planning Toutes to gt tothe thet Yu ill enon he ay, he Trout dor the walk your a thelane ta hoase nade to be propared forthe et tun you mort mae, where youll park your car, an yur path ito te theater and up tthe open tnd ‘Geograph who study human-envkonment behavior have mae ets tiie ot how people develop mental ‘naps Early nomad humans had ineelly acura men {ol moos of where to nd food and seek shee, Ted, ely1. Keil iypesol map and anne tele apron ndestndngtbeword 23 essere i oy gh on “Grsapers ave a std ths mental ma fom fomen Researders oben feensin ow ech good ies mesa mp or ecampl oem ew pl, women teedtovo lanai wre en tod to a pat: Me tstmapst chien stow oval aessbecsse tact spec aesnals Tent mop ole tra incopits,Untnown nds chateresometins oft your ath the mova the Serincues diving paso school ht you dont tend, Yourman oper maybe scion tn gta = oun ezrdngthe pc However you ve acest {chal aay sreintead doving mettlmap he tptothestotsettra, yor matalapot escheat vi Secular ope efects prone Shocncldng uh sacs tote pron nis rer ‘nds daly ay nd what ent Generalization in Maps Amape spit the weld (ss ascusson of projectinsin opandb i netrenes spo ewer ant sow ey plac inthe wr ends thermtemap of hurr wach the rate Ocean canna pinpoint the precise path of every hurcane forte at years Wher apeng human or MS teal dita cartographers the geographers who make maps {eral te norman they presen onmape Many othe Imapsinthis boo ae themati map ofthe worl. shaglrgs “how ow mich orhow ite ofa pkenamenen pes and "yl stow where spect pheomene alate ‘Generalird maps help us ee ends bacause we can sot st alate of given phenomenon. The map of word recitation (ig. le generalizes map of mean anal Precipitation recived rend the worl. The areas shaded in ‘ive and dr green ae places that ese the mostra, cd those aed in rage rece the leastan on average. Take pan andtrace slong the eguator onthe map. Nats How24 CHAPTER 1 ntoducloto una agar many ofthe hgh pretation areas on themap are along South The ret ysl thes conser eat the ave ‘rormaiesing long and wren teu restive othe ‘estoftarth War ingle aconasn for ecto, 50 the tpi reclve mor stra preciptationthan ote a te nese the mi iatades ol res sing igre 122, we can dsr the spatial esrbuton ‘triton altered ordered Bands of igh pre ‘Spitation ate clustered nthe Wop, and lew precipitation TERTEEE cortsinn,thonns riety imgesons (Gratien rine Soran ry anthem pe reas are dlapered between polar roplons and bands at ‘Sound 90 degrees noth and wath Studying ae 1225 Sod render tat the potirns we see on amapare tinted ihe lots cans general enn pectin Sel compere rane the piso er rein the the polar regin As eae and sng the dain Pie 2, vwecannot sy nord we earthing about sme ons tht rig oan rena recitation na dng. Remote Sensing and GIS “Seonraprs study long: and short-term environmental thonge To monitor short-term enonmental hone, 05 faphas e reat senng ecole) ise tthe felting dt or nfomaton hough instruments ‘hate pyle tanto te area ost, Stl ttf and rons coetrmaalsoneddatatichareeten Instontaeousy aval, ter aor weather or azar er rerotly cnet sho sth ares mos npateé $23) or expe satlts seat, ang drones help morte widivsin calf orhurieane nthe Bohamasto pat responders and ares damage i128, Geographers ntagrte remotely sensed Image into cosrepnic information sytem, which enable ust study thang a2 specie place o region over tm. (Gis combine computer haraware tna sotware to show anaes and ropresot geographic data Anytime you use Apple aps, Gaogle Maps, 0 You FEIIIEEE cats ashore Alvi otheIEEE ttc tens, ‘amin unig watch fd ork ry 0 sen {GE ceopaphers we 6, nding Eats Al an ‘inet ata patil estos anang ate np is shenamna fest googie Soca porespal aay ceing nd peers te treme Pg 133) combing ayes apa tnd rating pegs pate od proces Ont Spal unre etre gegapers ue Sto aah a rather clr wn roger pata Ceopaphers x In both an ad ysl ppc research er expe pole geoph se GS {Sina ayer showing voters party wesraton, race and tty thethoos oan, nd ince determine ho todo ating ttn cones nd ate ov faw aine around group of people fds th computer prog tally eternal composition othe rant poitial representatives vewthin thenon dts boundaries, ‘Stunts who eam undergraduate degrees in geowaphy with = minor oF feria ins areemployed ty sft re companies, goverment genes, Sndbusneserto ses tosurey lie, map sol, ena natural castes, tent end fllow weather syrtems Inetigence apeciesIncudrg the Ce tral intligence Agency (CIA and the tic anal ieligene negate he atta errno and espa snaps tools to dacover pater and ‘make preetians Geographers who workin th ttignee fd cn use Is to se loca ptens, andthe ca alo think ‘rote ung eae see how pocsseshapenigat ‘ther sealerimpac snd shape os pater “Geographer can ansver complicated questions using Sspatalenahslstoolsin Aristo analyze enorous mounts of data. For example, eoprapher Korine Kolirasaalyaed ‘he probably of enpue ver ouiraks in Hewat ung oS (Wig 1.26, The map Kolirs prodved may lok sears anders athe cola map roced by ehh Snow inthe 1800, but the amount of data hat went inte Kalas analyse sagaerngn comparison Dengue eet Iscared bya partial hind of mosquito ald the Ades Imoeglto Kalra naz the breeding condos needed for ths mast, Ieudngprecptaton,topowaphy, end ETRE wo nner os nS conte Ce oirttvnacin Sto yosan’ wr bah ae ‘croutons ae dung ono -agakesamthp ont26 CHAPTER A woduesonts Hanan Geogney ‘ortne . Kolwras gs ‘Teds of oss cry ec hte ed (aoa tang snety eal ecoanet ‘evmeral sce eal ca eat die eae ‘ra ain nk ase ‘Sioned acor ht sinatra arena ihn went ts thee ober theese tepals 13 wes ovat Wes ‘elated obra ht te ee ‘Sete ran scan ‘en hgh tay, cameo une he sx and ‘Steal starsat tal engl td cls ode fant cor repaint iwi 26) nl tars ne og 12s and empectoe.20) hea ox awat, Ades more tedin tno tern nddgsidoee ‘mvmoda deg trol oes P26, viotsmosn cen on be steed pubis ore etn atari atone je 6 OID Sesitogeasinasiobeycnteberca nani EERE wage snePreotaten ha “= creat 10 weer TIDIIEEIIN oz pests.seve ether ible, oped what places in Hawa are The power Gis continues to eels with advances Ieton and snalyein Ss enabled companies ke Uber tormatch you wih adver and showy wher the deers td when th river leach you. Waa, an app deine to Felpdverstindsofe andar routes negates crowd sourced fata or allappusersinrea tie town divert cldents nd vote them around constrton aeons ea: time GS eable cows aouting dt, whieh valable to owganizes proterting none Kong Moscow ad to gov Simonsf Chins and ssa who ae montoring potest ‘row ourcng dt ip fiat spends wes al fra or foods in oust, Emergency managements Im addition to helping in ese, geographic data are nore ccessible to consumers, which ma help ther make better delsions Real estate apps shew buyers and sellers recent slo prices sha assessed alts of houses nrg terhoods enabling consumers tosses the value of one our relative othe neightorhaed an he hy 8 whole Lge companies ke Target and Coste use GIs to bull ofan suply hain Gs mess ete delivery (roe hopter 12 posible GIs Isalsopertf te growing ‘of artical teligence (A, The Chinese government uses realtime fsa rocogstion A! inepated with Gt trace ‘movement of Chinese itzens expel minority ighus ‘hd paopelvng neta ae Chap}, ravi. ‘on Science (Ge, Your school may have a program in GISci Dut sient who wie programs engines who crete Sons that gather data abou Earth, ane geographers who ‘combine layers of data and ner thn to make snseot GB Thinking Geographically repaint th rf de ett youean ‘Semaedetl onthe mapot ech Debs te pate ‘aay org tea the mn. The, eee the ‘aan teen mons abt on poste ae. Fil, mtg ou se adnan te prereen o senesced apts on ese ee \24| Describe How Culture Influences Patterns and Processes in Human Geography. Culture intuences muse, Herat, a ats swe as pre ‘alling nodes of dress routine ving habits food prefer. nce tides toward gender and cil dilerence the trehitetureof houses and public bling the layout of felds and farms, and syste of duczion, goverment, ad law, cultre lea group of ble! sysens, noms, a values proce bya people Culture lana encompassing erm that dete no ony people anise estes, Dut also ‘hei revaing values and bls Cures at the heat of human geo ie we ofan defnton of cate, seademies rom human gogrphers to antropalogstshave defined cute Tn many elferent ways over time Some have tresed the Contibatons of humans tothe envionment; others have tphasne lars behav and ways oTtinang Sever ‘lecates ago the noted antropeegtE Adamson Hoebel ‘etn cure [el nagrated stm ofteared beh ‘orgltrn which are chrocteraiet he members ol 9506 {ty and which ar ot the esto llogel nkeranes fulture ie nat genetical predeterm nea Is nonnstin tess [eultur| ewhellythe rest sa vention and letranemited and mabtinedsley tough camimuricaon Hoebe’s mphasisoncommunzaon and sing at Ipated he caret vew of ctr aster of mening, totus set ofa customs, or mater products ciferd (Geers advance th aw in i classe wok, he pre an of Claes 973}, wc vanes mach workin human ‘ography. Human geographers are intrested not usin thediferent pattems and ondsapesasoclted lth le fn cltre groups, but asa how ara understandings ‘let bot the creation andsigniance of those paters ‘alte atrial tribute ofa cute that can beldetiiag and desorbed For example, esting tuba Sd daze areas of North ea, outvest Al, ane South ‘is woeturbans before the bith of am, Tans protected the wears rom sunlight and alsa help tingeh bes (Pigs 127 ot al Musi men wea urban ut in same esi enue neluding Oman, wearing tarbns is popu larbecaee atheros polis eadersprescbe Ror28 CHAPTER 1 ntodton to Huron Gengarhy ‘author Feld Note Dress tenemos yl (er bye ane eRe orc he a q ans. ren Today, turbansoften dtingsha marstatsin society tr preset ates God Tnsome Muslim countries, inlulng typ nd Tukey, Uo do wear rans the sppenance ofthe tren vie 8 ten del Farinstans Yen men wh cover heeds ‘Spaly wea alarsuwa, whieh are aps mapped in fb Inaletine, sora, and Sa ral, men who cove thei ead opel wee aye, which areceeangslarpecs of Aloth doped an secured onthe hes "Wearing urbons isnot ctrl a Lite to Musi. inthe Une States most men who over thr ead th tone ate hs follower oF Sith wes aifernt fon om ann Shi, men areata otepthar ha Aiea The common pact eto st hha knot on op ‘Fone ead and hen ever eth a tn, Sih began tthe 250s teat 160s, th tnt gr ofthe eon taught tht ering turban was a way tocemansrat one fatunessto oe athe ban evap shows, clu tat tava confined tos sng ards these ecg Serosaitures More thanone ature rayeibit apart {atts scatue omples Herngafcatle sa care tat Shoredy mangers bet ret cares gad and ‘Sein diferent ways he Masel of atic, fr example, fei ther herds lng erasnal migration paths, ons Ingblood and mikaspertant grins of unlue det forthe climate in Naw, Oman ‘cate occupy central place inal exten; they ae the scence faunal recy and prestige. Alhogh the Moss ‘Siturecompetiscnlyoneotmanyeatefecing oles, other ature compen eit cacy the sare combi: ton aftats In urope,catleae ried andy produ, ‘chs butter yop an ches, are eonsuned 5 part of tie very teenth mozsalde. ‘Near nenrh a ren whore cure trait evlop and ram ih ey Fr example, thereon a “ered nosing place a tne Muhammad founded iam Inthe soos ce amman wa} nandareund techies ofMeces trdedina onthe fablanPentl, ther utara ich ‘Togieutare spree fom aeverthearths thousands of yess tort When sch tal develops a mere than one heh without bing infeed by ts development ashe, each Fert operates race of independent invention. @ Thinking Geographically logs nae oe et ‘opuortown my rag teesturinesape Coc ‘Sncingtntouse sd kool "vat stand ay ‘Sethce? let tnetofaget te eerSummary 4 Define Human Geography and Describe the ‘Value of Thinking Geographical. futher ae, 1.2 Identify and Explain Geography’s Core Concepts 2. Threat peso eons oral pen ash into nd poepun repos (aren tha sn pesmi Udewlpigina per nd spreading tom here ong ‘ion ening ira terpenes {slaion pean a eto til eon teeing on rewltonflomed chant on ‘fico andro ain Prego eet drone oe pcs tana). Self-Test 1. Define human geography anc describe the value of thinking geographically. 1. Hn gopaber ty: 2. thes frog morn ae eset ' deo hoes en sungmi, 1 dcomsing ne sn wn gsonomy 4 soangrasingten tng oop 1.3 entity Types of Maps and Examine the Role Maps Play In Understanding the Word. ingens praheeihyacaraerops Grprghe daw adstntn btn acta he alte acton (enon somthing elton 2. Feplecintct metals ta nf he word ‘amge at oa zal einen by oxo sty ‘Suen te spc ple Brough 4. Rete cerang ane geoph ieration stn he ‘np grbima ng powers compte errsa estan 114 Describe How Culture influences Patterns and Processes in Human Geography. opel tao wees od 2. ogapher tty map al eine tenga fete {fons te ore htc be ated ‘cd, Tho asset ound eat ‘deveapd ure ears o5 wel soa hy te 2, Undertandghamas genrnty sutes ng ator balan bess wht opens ateloaeab ne res Pas Inshore isbpng ta umn open of ean 11.2 Identify and explain geography’s core concepts. cate. 1 poleaaeian.preneneny "hate sep anslosoed wy ster congepaton, ‘hilt awng pene son as ec? 1.3 Identity types of maps and examine therole ‘maps play in understanding the word. 1. The tm crtoety esta {the making of photograph hat capture 2 geographic step ee atte lng stan, thenortanurentntt fein ofp (rotor esi 114 Describe how culture influences patterns and processes in human geography. 2: tahoe acuta cg: ‘heyhne oma oer _ 12, ogrohasue thtemeaare nettle: