THE ELECTRIC BICYCLE PROJECT INGEUDING AN INVESTIGATION OF HUMAN CYCLING PERFORMANCE ag S. I. Brand, N. Ertugrul and W.L: Soong University of Adelaide School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering PACU E Ce leMPAUIUE BEYINTRODUCTION = BENEFITS OF ELECTRIC BICYCLES — CLEAN Sole) 500 — EFFICIENT SOON ICNG — REDUCED TRAFFIC CONGESTION PROJECT SCOPE = DETERMINE HUMAN POWER FROM — Stationary Tests and Mobile Tests = DESIGN AND BUILD CUSTOM HUB = INVESTIGATE BATTERY OPTIONS = DEVELOP CONTROL SYSTEMHOW MUCH ROWER? A Horsepower = 746 Watts How much is a “Human Power’? CYCLING POWER DATA m= ATHLETE TIME TRIALS (A.LS.) m= STATIONARY DYNAMOMETER TESTS = MOBILE CYCLING TESTSBICYCLE DYNAMOMETERMEASURED) PARAMETERS = DYNAMOMETER — WHEEL SPEED — PEDALLING TORQUE — OUTPUT CURRENT — OUTPUT VOLTAGE = MOBILE DATA LOGGING SYSTEM — WHEEL SPEED — PEDALLING TORQUE — GEAR RATIODANIN FOG GING Syesieyis a STATIONARY TESTING — LABVIEW SOFTWARE — DESKTOP COMPUTER — DAQ CARD = MOBILE TESTING — VISUAL DESIGNER SOFTWARE — DATA SAMPLING HARDWARE — LAPTOP COMPUTERPower (W) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 PEAK CYCLIST PONY Trained Athlete Average Cyclist 20 40 60. Time (s) 80 SUSTAINED) CYCLING POWER Healthy Human duration of sustainable power 140: hours oo, 40 80 120. 160 200 240" 260 wattsMOBILE DATA RESULTSHORSE AND EIUIMAN POWER: COMPARISON s @ Sustained @ Peak 2 2 5 5 4 535 g°5 5 25 z 2 a 15 1 5 0 Athlete BICYCLE POWER REQUIREMENTS m 450 WATTS PEAK = 200 WATTS CONTINUOUSBATTERY ENERGY DENSINYMOTOR DEVEILORMENT SS MACHINING EOIN FRONT WHEELMOTOR EFFICIENGY, ‘AC Motor Losses DC Motor Losses 1000 15002000, Motor Speed (1pm)CONTROL SYSTEM THROTTLE 3 phase seine coNTROLLeR F=—= BRIDGE tual = inverter aaustiess amie be MOTOR parreRy BE Ot OWA Ibe MIRA TAU SELON P) woroR POSITION SENSERMICROCONTROLIER and PROGRAMMING: MICROCHIP PICI6E877 14 BIT CORE BUS r4 33 INPUT/OUTPUT PINS 8 ANALOG INPUTS: = MICROCHIP RESOURCES — PIC MICROCONTROLLERS — MPLAB SOFTWARE — PRODUCT DATA SHEETS — APPLICATION NOTES m= C—COMPILER = CHIP PROGRAMMERMOTOR WAVEFORMS = 100% RWM 40% PWMCONCLUSIONS and FUTURE WORK a DIRECT DRIVE HUB MOTOR: — EFFICIENT (84%) AND LOW MAINTENANCE BICYCLE POWER REQUIREMENTS — 200 WATT CONTINUOUS, 450 WATT PEAK m= BATTERY CAPACITY — 160 WATT-HOUR a USER INTERFACE — LCD DISPLAY and KEYPAD) — INPUT - CUSTOMISED RIDER SETTINGS — OUTPUT - SPEED, DISTANCE AND BATTERY STATE, = CUSTOM BUILT MOTOR — RARE EARTH MAGNET ROTOR — INCREASE EFFICIENCY — REDUCED WIEGHT