1218122, 340 PM Design of Stringer Beam in Staircases to EG 2 | Worked Example- STRUCTURES CENTRE STRUCTURES CENTRE Structures from first principles! © 5 DECEMBER 2022 & BY OMOTORIOGUN VICTOR Design of Stringer Beam in Staircases to EC 2 | Worked Example noo lh ae, eS ea A Stringer beam is a structural member that supports a floor or a deck along its longitudinal direction. They are usually inclined secondary beams stemming from primary beams and their basic function is to convert distributed loadings from a slab into point loads which is transferred back to the primary beams or supports. Stringer beams are particularly very useful in staircases with very stringent span requirements, where the thickness of a stair waste would be very large should the staircase be designed as spanning in the transverse direction. hips stucturescentre.comidesign-of-a.concrete-staicase-stinger-beam-to-bs8110/ re31218122, 340 PM Design of Stringer Beam in Staircases to EG 2 | Worked Example- STRUCTURES CENTRE Stringer beams when utilized in staircase construction can be designed either with two edge beams (simply supported) or with a central beam (double cantilever) See Figure 1. neply Supported Double Cantilever Figure 1: Types of stringer beam In the design of staircases with two edge beams, the staircase section is idealized as simply supported between the two edge beams. Therefore, the beams are designed as Inverted L beams while the stair itself as simply supported slab. For the double cantilever, the staircase section is idealized asa T- section therefore the stringer beam is designed as a flanged T beam and the waste of the staircase as spanning transversely (like a cantilever). In each case a primary beam/support will be required to support the stringer beam. These supports are normally designed as carrying point loads from the stringer beam in addition to any other load they may be carrying. Worked Example Figure 2.0 shows the plan of the second flight of a staircase spanning 7.0m between supports Assuming we design a staircase spanning transversely and supported by beams at the supports, this would result in an uneconomical staircase section due to the thickness of the waste that would ensue and quantity of stee! that will be required to control deflection. A Stringer beam is therefore provided in order to make take care of the foregoing reasons. In this case a central stringer beam (double cantilever) type is designed using the design data in Table 1. hips stucturescentre.comidesign-of-a.concrete-staicase-stinger-beam-to-bs8110/ 2031218122, 340 PM Design of Stringer Beam in Staircases to EG 2 | Worked Example- STRUCTURES CENTRE Lii_ FLOOR BEAM Gésxa50y I i b b : 3 ¢ 5 g Figure 2: Worked example-stair plan Concrete €20/25 Reinforcement 410Mpa Stair width 1500mm, Risers 150mm Threads 300mm Imposed Loading (Mall) AkN/m? Table 1: Design Data Actions Permanent Actions Permanent action includes the weight of the stair waste, weight of steps, load from finishes and balustrades. Because the waste of the stair is inclined, the permanent actions due to the slab waste, finishes and any other applied loads except the step must be corrected by a slope factor. a. 150mm concrete waste =0.15 x25 =3.75kN/m? b. finishes = 1.5kN/m? c. balustrade = 0.5kN/m? hips stucturescentre.comidesign-of-a.concrete-staicase-stinger-beam-to-bs8110/1218122, 340 PM Design of Stringer Beam in Staircases to EG 2 | Worked Example- STRUCTURES CENTRE d. steps = oe x 25 = 1.88kN/m? Ge = (3.75 + 1.5 + 0.5) x 1.22 + 1.88 = 8.32kN /m? Variable Actions b. Imposed load = 4kN/m? qe = ARN /m? Design Value of Actions Using Eqn 6.10 of BS EN 1990: n= 135g. + 1.59, = (1.35 x 8.32) + (1.5 x 4) = 17.2kN/m? Actions on Stringer Beam a. stair = 17.2 x 1.5 = 26.6kN/m? b. beam = (0.225 x 0.3) x 25 x 1.35 = 2.3kN/m? w = 26.6 + 2.3 = 28.9kN /m? Structural Analysis Since the beam is simply supported, the equation for obtaining the bending moment and shear force is pretty straightforward. Bending Moment yl? 28: 2 Mra = = = B9XT _7ENm Shear Force 28.9 x 7 Vea = = SS Flexural Design hips stucturescentre.comidesign-of-a.concrete-staicase-stinger-beam-to-bs8110/ 4123Design of Stringer Beam in Staircases to EG 2 | Worked Example- STRUCTURES CENTRE Mpa = 177kN.m 1216/22, 940 PM Assuming cover to reinforcement of 30mm, 20mm tensile bars in two layers, 16mm compression bars & 8mm links d = (Crom + links + $/2) = 50 + 10+ 16/2 = 68mm d=h-— (Cnom + links + ¢/2+ ¢) = 450 — (25 + 8 + 20/2 + 20) = 387mm b = bezy = 1500mm Mra 177 x 10° k= = > — = 0.039 bd? fx 1500 x 387? x 20 2 = 0.95d = 0.95 x 387 = 367.7mm A - Maa _ 177 x 10° “ed O.87f yz 0.87 x 410 x 367.7 = 1349.5mm? Use 5Y20mm bars Bottom. (Two layers) (As, prov = 1570mm2) Shear Design Via = 101.2kN By inspection, the maximum shear force is less than max. shear resistance of the concrete section, therefore the section is adequate however, nominal shear reinforcement must be provided: oe 5.56V pa = 058in (qn aN =0.5sin— 5.56 x 101.2 x 10° sin’ \ 295 x 387 (1 — 20/250) 20 = 103 cotO=5.5> 2.5 ; take cot? =2.5 Therefore, the area of shear reinforcement required: hips istructurescentre.comidesign-of-aconcrete-staicase-stinger-beam-to-bs8110) 92312i622,340 PM Design of Stinger Beam n Sieases to EC 2 | Worked Exonple- STRUCTURES CENTRE Aw . Va Se x00 fina 101.2 x 108 = = 0.38 (0.9 x 387 x 2.5) x 0.87 x 410 max spacing = 0.75d = 290.25mm Use Y8mm - 200mm centers (0.51) Deflection Verification Deflection of the Stringer beam is carried out by censuring that the actual span - depth ratio is less than the limiting value. In this case, this beam has been sized conservatively based on the preliminary sizing rules, hence the check shouldn't be critical. Limiting Span-Lepth Ratio fil =N-K-F1-F2-F3 d Limit Asrea 1349.5 = om = 0.002: (i500 x 387) ~ 008 Po = 10-8 4/ fx = 10-330 = 0.0055 sn weary Levees , savFa(*) og, — Luk [met e298] (Anrea as wa Aspro hips istucturescentre.comidesign-of-a-concrete-staicase-stinger-beam-to-bs8110/ 6231218122, 340 PM Design of Stringer Beam in Staircases to EG 2 | Worked Example- STRUCTURES CENTRE _ 460 (= + 54) 1349.5, ~ 115 17.2 1570 = 214.3Mpa 310 F3= = 145 < 1.5 $= 5143 bshs A = 79.9 x 1.3 x 0.8 x 1x 1.45 limit = 120.5 Actual Span— Depth Ratio The limiting span-effective depth ratio is greater than actual; thus, deflection is deemed satisfactory. See: Preliminary Sizing of Structural Element Stair Waste The stair waste itself require steel bars at the top in-order to accommodate the imposed tensile stresses on the cantilever. This can be designed for the stair design load, as a cantilever slab, however, for most staircases nominal reinforcement steel based on minimum area of steel should be sufficient to satisfy this requirement. Use Y10mm - 200mm centers both ways (Top) (393mm2/m) figure 3 shown below, shows the typical section through the stair flight. hips istructurescentre.comidesign-of-a-concrete-staicase-stinger-beam-to-bs8110/ 231218122, 340 PM Design of Stringer Beam in Staircases to EG 2 | Worked Example- STRUCTURES CENTRE a=Y16 (T1) b=Y20 (B1) f= Y10 (T) Figure 3: Typical section through stair flight POSTED IN EUROCODES, STRUCTURES + TAGGED CANTILEVER, CONCRETE SLABS, STAIRCASE DESIGN, STRINGER BEAM Published by Omotoriogun Victor A dedicated, passion-driven and highly skilled engineer with extensive knowledge in research, construction and structural design of civil engineering structures to several codes of practices View all posts by Omotoriogun Victor PREV Steel Bracing in Braced Multi-storey Frames 31 Replies to “Design of Stringer Beam in Staircases to EC 2 | Worked Example” hips istructurescente.comidesign-of-a-concrete-staicase-stinger-beam-lo-bs8110/ a3