MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology

Student Activity Sheet #6

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

Lesson title: Graphs and Charts Materials:

Activity Sheet
References:
Lesson Objectives: At the end of this session, I will be able to:
J. Susan Milton and Jessie C. Arnold,
1. Identify the difference between graphs and charts; and Introduction to Probability and Statistics:
2. Draw and construct a graphs or charts in relation to the Principles and Applications for
Engineering and the Computing Sciences,
given raw data or ungroup data. 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 2004
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/typ
es-of-variables/

Productivity Tip:
Pick one task and then do it.
Pick One Thing and Do It to Done Avoid starting that next task until you complete the one you are
working on. Then check it off your list before you begin another task. Besides feeling great,
you will have closure before taking on your next to do.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
INTRODUCTION

Graphs and charts are visuals that show relationships between data and are intended to
display the data in a way that is easy to understand and remember. People often use graphs and
charts to demonstrate trends, patterns and relationships between sets of data. Graphs may be
preferable to display certain types of data, while charts are ideal for others. The chart or graph you
choose will often depend on the key points you want others to learn from the data you’ve collected.
While many people use ‘graph’ and ‘chart’ interchangeably, they are different visuals. Charts
are tables, diagrams or pictures that organize large amounts of data in a clear and concise way.
People use charts to interpret current data and make predictions. Graphs, however, focus on raw
data and show trends over time.

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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Student Activity Sheet #6

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

B. MAIN LESSON
Activity 1: Content Notes

The Three Most Commonly Used Graphs in Research

1. Histogram – is a graph that displays the data by using vertical bars of various heights to
represent the frequencies

2. Frequency Polygon – is a graph that displays the data by using lines that connect points
plotted for the frequencies at the midpoints of the classes

3. Cumulative Frequency Graph or Ogive– a graph that can be used to represents the
cumulative frequencies for the classes in a frequency distribution

There are several types of graphics. The choice depends on the type of data collected and
the information you want to transmit. Each has a set of advantages and disadvantages. The
following table summarizes the main types of graphs available. The knowledge of each one of them
is fundamental for a correct reading of the information they contain.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Student Activity Sheet #6

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

Name and Image Description Advantages Disadvantages

The height of the

bars shows the
frequency. The Allows you to
It can only be
bars can be easily
used to
vertical or compare. It
convey simple
horizontal. There has strong
information.
is an empty visual impact
space between
the bars

Lets you
compare Can not be
For each value
different data used for
of the variable a
groups for variables that
group of bars
the same have a lot of
appears.
values of the data.
variable.

The data are

Very Gives little
represented by
attractive. information.
symbols related
Great visual Little
to the object
impact. precision.
under study.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Student Activity Sheet #6

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

Allows for
various types
They are formed of It does not
by lines. On the comparisons. easily identify
horizontal axis is It allows the continuity
the time studying the of the
variable. variation of a variation.
variable over
time.

It is not
The data are All data appears advisable
divided into two on the chart. It
is not necessary when there
parts: the stem
to build a are many or
and the leaves.
frequency table few stems. It
The stem is on beforehand. It gives little
the left side of gives a visual information in
the vertical trace interpretation of
how the data is
case the data
and the leaves
distributed. is very
on the right side.
scattered.

It is useful It should only

A circle is when the be used when
divided into ratios the variable
sectors. The analysis is takes few
amplitude of more values. A
each sector is important single chart
proportional to than the does not
the actual value. allow you to
corresponding It has a compare two
frequency. strong visual groups of
impact. data

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Student Activity Sheet #6

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

It is a bar graph in Difficult to

which the height For certain
construct
of these bars is situations, it
when the
proportional to the is the only
amplitude of
frequency. There correct way
the intervals
is no space to present
is different.
between bars. It is the data. The
only used if the
However, with
histogram
variable is graphing
gives an idea
quantitative and calculators or
of how the
the scale of the computers,
data is
values is this problem
distributed.
continuous. is overcome.

Lets you
It is a line graph Difficult
compare
that is obtained manual
histograms
by joining the construction.
using only
midpoints of the Using
the
upper base of technology,
respective
the rectangles of this problem
frequency
the histogram. is overcome.
polygons.

For its
construction it
It consists of a
is necessary
rectangle and
For a simple to know: the
two straight
observation, minimum, the
segments. About
it gives an maximum, the
50% of the data
idea of how median
is within the
the data is (middle
rectangle, 25%
distributed. quartile), the
to the right and
lower and the
25% to the left.
upper
quartile.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Student Activity Sheet #6

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

Activity 2: Skill-building Activities

Exercise No. 1. Label the following:

Exercise No. 2:

1. Which month had the highest temperature?___________________

2. Which month had the lowest temperature? ____________________
3. April and May have the same average temperature as June and July?__________________

Exercise No. 3:
The number of injuries suffered by the members of a soccer team in a league were
0 1 2 1 3 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 3 2 1 2 1 0 1

1. Construct the frequency distribution table of the sample.

2. Draw the bar chart of the sample and the polygon.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Student Activity Sheet #6

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

3. Draw the cumulative frequency bar chart and polygon.

Activity 4: Check for Understanding

Identify:

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 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Student Activity Sheet #6

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
Activity 4: Thinking about Learning

Congratulations for finishing this module! Shade the number of the module that you finished.
1. Write 1 important things you learned:
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Write 2 questions you have about the lesson:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
3. Write 3 suggestions you have about the session:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
FAQs
4. What chart to use for survey results?
• The general rule of thumb here is that bar charts are the most commonly used types of
graphs, and should be your go-to choice for most data visualization.
5. When to use pie chart?
• Pie charts are best to use when you are trying to compare parts of a whole. They do not
show changes over time.
6. What is pictograph?
• A Pictograph is a way of showing data using images. Each image stands for a certain number
of things.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Student Activity Sheet #6

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

KEY TO CORRECTIONS
Answers to Skill-Building Exercises
Exercise No. 1:

Exercise No. 2:

1. August 2. February 3. No

Exercise No. 3:
1. Construct the frequency distribution table of the sample. (Ungrouped)
Number Fi
0 6
1 11
2 5
3 2
24

2. Draw the bar chart of the sample and the polygon.

20
10
Series1
0
0 1 2 3

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 MLS 054: Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Student Activity Sheet #6

Name: _____________________________________________________________ Class number: _____

Section: ____________ Schedule: ______________________________________ Date: _______________

3. Draw the cumulative frequency bar chart and polygon

15
10 Ser
5 ies
1
0
0123

Answers to Checking for Understanding:

1. D 2. A 3. C 4 B

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