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    8 views15 pages

    Controlling Microbial Growth in Vitro Transcript

    Uploaded by

    B L A C K N I G H T

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15
    CONTROLLING MICROBIAL GROWTH IN VITRO Learning Outcomes: ‘Atte end ofthis esion, the stdent should be able wo: ‘A Lis several factors at aft te growth of microesanisms B, Deserts the types of microorganism according tothe tors tha fest thei growth (Differentiate among the types of eure mea . Define the terms invelved inthe physial and chonical contol of microbial growth E Ditferentate the physical and chemiel methods fconrling microbial growth FACTORS THAT AFFECT MICROBIAL GROWTH. 1. Availability of Nutrients Nutrients are the vriows chemical compounds nec to sustain the Iie of the vganiams. These serve as sources of carbon, oxigen, byogen,nivogen, phosphorus and sulfaras wells other elements te. sodium: potassium; shoring; magnesium; clu and tes elements auch as ro, iodine, nd in) tat are usualy ruled i ese aunts, 2. Moisture All living organisms require water to cary ou th normal metabolic processes, nd most will die in cavgonments containing to litle mastue. Microbes with spores ay Tecome dormant fr yours aa dey envroament (essen). But when they are placed i & rvstre- and nutrient-rich environment grow ese 3.Temperature °> Optimum temperature ith temperature requ by ongaisms to grow bes, When organisms are placed below their minirum required temperature, they > Whom they ae pled at tempeature above ts maximum requirement thy will ie (On the basso emporatre requirements organisms maybe groupe into the Following: A. Thermophiles- oraisns that gro at high texporature (hey love hea). They are Found in ot springs, compost pis, and hydrotberral vents Examples: Cyanobacteria BL Extreme Thermophiles or Hyperthermophiles- organisms that fvor growth a temperatures above 100°C Example: Prolobus mar (an archaeon) grows at 113 SC Mesophites- orgs that gow at moderate tmperatie; grows best at 37 °C ‘most pathogenic ozaians ae mesepilc organs Paychrophiles- ar coldlovng organisms; gros best at ~13°C, has 20% sanity, sod contains high concentrations of enmoonia endo. Example: Yosunut monocytogenes, Yersinu enerocotiiea E, Peychotrophs - ate psyshropiles withthe opimam growth temperate of 4°C (efigertr tempts) Example bred olds Psyehroduric organisms - They prefer warm tmperatres bute temperatures: ean be reser ina rove sate tolerate cold RAAPOLO51.221 “ToC gay! age Lots ‘CATEGORIES OF BACTERIA BASED ON THEIR TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS Temperatere(-C) | TomperatereC) | _Temperatare ) expe io iF % Paso S 1020, Fa “Table, List ofc groups scoring thelr tomperatureFoyulremen wt | Clinica laboratory incubate thir bacterial culture at 35°C, 2: Pseudomonss and Campylobacter can grow both a 3C and 42°C: 4H > Most micoorganisns prefer a neta to slighty alkaline growth mdium (pH 7.0- 14) A. Acidophies- reir pH of 28 Example: Lactohai aetdophihe 1B. Alalipiles- proferpH 8 Example: Vivi cholera isthe only human pathogen tat grows at above PHS 5. Osmotic Presure TF Osmotic pressure isthe pressure that is exert on cell membrane by solutions tothe and ute the el > Osmosis is the wovenent of selvent though a permeable membrane fom a solution having a ewer concentration toa higher concentration > Calls survive in 2 isotonic solution, that means the concentration of the Mad whore the cll are suspended sequal to the consentation ofthe Mids insie the all > Hypertonie slaticn~ solution with increased soncentaton of sluts, > Plasmolysis- happens when the bacterial cll membrane and cytoplasm stvink vay frm the bari cell walla the Maid nie the cell moves ot in an ate ‘o equize the consentraton. This happens when the bacterial cells are placed ina Iypertonic solution (in humans, RBCs for esample undergoos venation of shriakage) > Hypotonic sl ion solution with dsteasedcencentration of sluts > Plasmoptyss- haypens when the bactaril cell ruptures and the eytosl esapes “This happens whet the bacterlcells replaced inv hypotonic solution. The wate inthe solution got inside the bactral elle casing nteased presure of Muld inside the cells. Unlike aman cells, bacteria hive igi cells wl, Th, ysis of rupture does net happen immediately. However, coatinued suspension of bacterial ‘alls in the hypotari solution leads toa pressure so gret tha the cells rte, RAAPOLO51.221 “ToC gay! age 2s 6 Salinity "A Halophiie organises - “halo” meaning sl, orenisms that grown best at salty Example: Vibrio 9. 'B. Haloduric organisms ~crganisns that DO NOT poferaslty enviconment but CAN SURVIVE Example: Suplplocaceus aureus 7. Barometric Pressure TF acter survive at normal barometric pressure, about 14.7 ns per squareinch les - microrgaisms tha survive dep inte ocean or in ol wells whew the ttmosphere pressure is ery high 8. Gaseous Atmosphere “A Obligate acraes organs which equi Oxygen to lve Require 21% Oxygen & 003% Carbon dioxide contain Superexie dismutase, tc ease Ut ote! thems bara 02 % Examples Nbwobacteram sn Micrococcus 1. Obligate anacraes| 7 acters that gow on the absence of atmarperic or free Oxygen a chin (Oxygen fom Oxygcn-contaning compound ead Unable to grow and multiply inthe presence of Oxygen % Regie 4 Oxygen, 10% CO2, 40.90% Nitrogen, apd 510% Hydrogen % DONOT hweSuperoride dsm, cals, and Croetromeonaee Facultative acrobes ‘> undanenally an ANAEROBE, but can growin dhe presence of atmospheric Oxygen . Facultative anacrobe ~undamonally an AEROBE, but can grow in the absence of atmospheric Oxygen E. Capaophites| 2 Reuiteinceused Carbon dove, 10% Cabon dioxide and 18% Oxygen % Example: Haonphi and Nessrsa F.Acrotolerant does ot gow wel busines ia the poser of atmospheric (ve) Oxysea RAAPOLO51.221 “ToC gay! age Ss G. Microaerophites Regie edeed Oxy: $Y 02, 10% COR 5% N2 Example Campylonacer Helicobacter 10 oes == fo cent nen 6: Figure 2 Cares. ENCOURAGING THE GROWTH OF MICROBES IN VITRO Calture Mein ‘Asia or syntstic media used in the abort to grown micoonganisns ‘Types of euture media A According to Consistency ‘A Liga (both elt medium) A2Semisolid ‘43 sod ‘A. Biphasic medium consns both sold and liquid base) B, According to composition 1.1 Complex or non-sythete (andetined contents forexampl, mest brothextacts) 15.2 Synthetic or define commercially prepared witnknown contents) 1B Tisse or cel-contaning medium According to how the medias dispensed (C1 Plated in Petr dish {C2 Tube, hich may havea slant pat only (ex Simon's Citrate agar), abut prt only (Ge Sulfidesndole- Moslity (SIM) medi), or bot x slant and but pars (et. Tile ‘Sagar Ion (TSI) Agar, ti Line lon Agar (L.1A)) D. According to Purpose D1 Transport medium

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