J Mater Cycles Waste Manag (2017) 19:1295-1313

DOI III.1(1(J7/s1(Jl63-()17-t)ñ86-4

SPECIAL FEATURE: RE V lEW s es

Waste prevention for sustainable resource and waste management

Shin-ichi Sakai' • Junya Yano' • Yasuhiro Hirai' • Misuzu Asari2 • Ritsuki Yanagawal • Takeshi Matsuda' •
Hideto Yoshida" • Tetsuji Yamada’ • Natsuko Kajiwara’ • Go Suzuki" • Tatsuya Kunisue6 • Shin Takahashi6 •
Keijiro Tomoda7 • Joachim Wuttke' • Paul Mählitz’ • Vera Susanne Rotter’ • Mario Grosso" •
Thomas Fruergaard Astrup" • Julian Cleary'2 • Gil-Jong Oh1" • Lili Liu'4 • Jinhui Li'4 • Hwong-wen Ma " •
Ngo Kim Chi’6 • Stephen Moore’7

Received: 22 August 2016 / Accepted: 16 January 2017 / Published online: 21 February 2017
O The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com

Abstract Although the 2Rs (reduce and reuse) are con-
sidered high-priority approaches, there has not been
enough quantitative research on effective 2R manage-
ment. The purpose of this paper is to provide information
obtained through the International Workshop in Kyoto,
Japan, on I 1—13 November 20J 5, which included invited
experts and researchers in several countries who were in
charge of 3R policies, and an additional review of 245 pre-
vious studies. It was found that, regarding policy develop-
ment, the decoupling between environmental pressures
and economy growth was recognized as an essential step
towards a sustainable society. 3R and resource manage-
ment policies, including waste prevention, will play a cru-
cial role. Approaches using material/substance flow analy-
ses have become sophisticated enough to describe the fate
of resources and/or hazardous substances based on human
activity and the environment, including the final sink. Life-
cycle assessment has also been developed to evaluate waste
prevention activities. Regarding target products for waste
prevention, food loss is one of the waste fractions with the
highest priority because its countermeasures have signifi-
cant upstream and downstream effects. Persistent organic
pollutants and hazardous compounds should also be taken
into account in the situation where recycling activities are
globally widespread for the promotion of a material-cycling
society.
Keywords Waste prevention Resource efficiency
Chemical contro-l Material flow analysis (MFA-) Life-
cycle assessment (LCA-) Circular economy Substance
flow analysis (SFA) - Life-cycle cost (LCC) Review

Electronic supplementary materia he online version of this

article (doi:10.1007/sl0163-017-05S6-4) crantains supplementary
material, which is available to authorized users.

Shin-ichi Sakai
Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
sakai Oeprc.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Pc›1itecnico di Milanc›, Milano, Italy
Kyoto Univers'ity Environment Preservation Research Center, 11
Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby,
Kyoto, Japan
Denmark
Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental 12
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Studies, Kyoto, .Iapan
13
National Institute of Environmental Research, Seoul, Korea
Japan Environment Safety Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
14
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Environment Policy Bureau, City of Kyrato, Kyoto, Japan
National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
16
6 In.stitute caf Natural Prcaduets Chemistry—Vietnam Academy
Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
of Science & Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
TOWA Technology Corporation, Higashihiroshima, Japan 17
The Univers'ity caf New Scauth Wales', Sydney, Aus'tralia
Federal Environment Agency, UBA, Dessau-Rolilau,
Germany