Vitaan Class 12

IRUNX
Hkkx 2
d{kk 12 ^vk/kj* ikB~;Øe osQ fy,
¯gnh oQh iwjd ikB~;iqLrd
vkeq[k
jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh :ijs[kk (2005) lq>krh gS fd cPpksa osQ
LowQyh thou dks ckgj osQ thou ls tksM+k tkuk pkfg,A ;g
fl¼kar fdrkch Kku dh ml fojklr osQ foijhr gS ftlosQ
izHkkoo'k gekjh O;oLFkk vkt rd LowQy vkSj ?kj osQ chp
varjky cuk, gq, gSA u;h jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ ij vkèkkfjr ikB~;Øe
vkSj ikB~;iqLrosaQ bl cqfu;knh fopkj ij vey djus dk iz;kl
gSaA bl iz;kl esa gj fo"k; dks ,d e”kcwr nhokj ls ?ksj nsus vkSj
tkudkjh dks jVk nsus dh izo`fÙk dk fojksèk 'kkfey gSA vk'kk gS fd
;s dne gesa jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (1986) esa of.kZr cky&osaQfnzr
f'k{kk O;oLFkk dh fn'kk esa dkI+kQh nwj rd ys tk,¡xsA
bl iz;Ru dh liQyrk vc bl ckr ij fuHkZj gS fd LowQyksa
osQ izkpk;Z vkSj vè;kid cPpksa dks dYiuk'khy xfrfofèk;ksa vkSj
lokyksa dh enn ls lh[kus vkSj lh[kus osQ nkSjku vius vuqHkoksa
ij fopkj djus dk fdruk volj nsrs gSaA geas ;g ekuuk gksxk
fd ;fn txg] le; vkSj vk”kknh nh tk, rks cPps cM+ksa }kjk
lkSaih xbZ lwpuk&lkexzh ls tqM+dj vkSj tw>dj u, Kku dk l`tu
dj losaQxsA f'k{kk osQ fofoèk lkèkuksa ,oa Ïksrksa dh vuns[kh fd,
tkus dk izeq[k dkj.k ikB~;iqLrd dks ijh{kk dk ,dek=k vkèkkj
cukus dh izo`fÙk gSA ltZuk vkSj igy dks fodflr djus osQ fy,
”k:jh gS fd ge cPpksa dks lh[kus dh izfØ;k esa iwjk Hkkxhnkj
ekusa vkSj cuk,¡] mUgsa Kku dh fuèkkZfjr [kqjkd dk xzkgd ekuuk
NksM+ nsaA
forku iv
;slhèksmís'^vflLVs
; LowQyaV dh xzsM*nSfesud
a vk,¯”knxh u, NksvkSdj jsdk;Z
pbk'kSyush] esftldha dkI+kQhpkSisMQjcny
+h eksgjhokyh
dh ek¡xiryw djrsu vkS
gSaA j
nSfm¡ud
Qph le;&lkj.kh
,M+h okys twress a iayphykiu
rth dks] ^le mrukgkm gh ba”k:jh
çkij* gSekyw e gksrokf"kZ
ftruk s gSa] dFkksMoS+Qhyscnreh”kh&lh
aMj osQ vey dhA esa
pq^,s
Lrh]t ;wftlls tqvy*f'k{k.k cksyk] os¶cM+
Q fy, s ckÅ] fu;rvkidh fnuksa dhviuhla[pw;kusngdhdr kuh dk D;k cu gky losQA gSf'k{k.k
\ oDr vkSlgh j
ns r h gS \ ¸
ewY;kadu dh fofèk;k¡ Hkh bl ckr dks r; djsaxh fd ;g ikB~;iqLrd LowQy esa cPpksa osQ
thouiardks th usekufld pbk dhncko èk`"VrkrFkkdks cks fj;r
vuns [kk dh
fd;ktxg vkSj[kqdgk]
'kh dk vuqHko&cukus
¶fefuV&Vw fefuV esdjs a fdruh
DV pyrh izHkkoh
gSA¸
fl¼ gksrh gSA cks> dh leL;k ls fuiVus osQ fy, ikB~;Øe fuekZrkvksa us fofHkUu pj.kksa
pbk us oqQN vkSj èk`"V gksdj iarth dh dykbZ Fkke yhA bl rjg dh èk`"Vrk dk çdV
esa Kku dk iqufuZèkkZj.k djrs le; cPpksa osQ euksfoKku ,oa vè;kiu osQ fy, miyCèk
fojksèk djuk ;'kksèkj ckcw us NksM+ fn;k gSA eu&gh&eu og ml ”kekus dh ;kn ”k:j djrs
le; dk è;ku j[kus dh igys ls vfèkd lpsr dksf'k'k dh gSA bl dksf'k'k dks vkSj
gSa tc nÝ+rj esa og fd'kunk dks HkkbZ ugha ^lkgc* dgrs vkSj le>rs FksA ?kM+h dh vksj
xgjkus osQ ;Ru esa ;g ikB~;iqLrd lksp&fopkj vkSj foLe;] NksVs lewgksa esa ckrphr ,oa
ns[kdj og cksyk] ¶ckck vkne osQ ”kekus dh gS cM+s ckÅ ;g rks! vc rks fMftVy ys
2 cgl] vkSj gkFk ls dh tkus okyh xfrfofèk;ksa dks izkFkfedrk nsrh gSA
yks ,d tkikuhA lLrh fey tkrh gSA¸
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- bl iqLrd dh jpuk osQ fy, cukbZ xbZ ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr
¶;g ?kM+
osQ ifjJe osQh fy,eq>s 'kknh
ÑrKrkesa O;Dr feyh FkhA djrhgegSAiqjifj"kn~
kuh pky Hkk"kkosQ]lykgdkj
gekjh ?kM+lfefr h iqjkuhosQpky vè;{k dhA izvjsks-
;gh cgq r gS fd vc rd ^jkbZ V VkbZe * py
ukeoj ¯lg vkSj bl iqLrd osQ eq[; lykgdkj izks- iq#"kksÙke vxzoky dh fo'ks"k vkHkkjh jgh gS μ D;ks a oSQlh jgh\¸
gSA bl bl ikB~ rjg;iqdk Lrd ugysosQ ijfodkl
ngyk estokc a dbZ nsf'k{kdks
rs gq, a ,d us ;ksgkFk
xnkuvkxs fd;k_ c<+k bl nsus ;ks
dhxnkuijaijkdksFkh]laHjskoEts
cukus
LowQy]osQ vYeks fy, Mifj"kn~ muoslsQ izdHkh
+k esa tgk¡ kpk;ks;'kks
± ,oaèkjmuckcwlHkhus eSlafLVªFkkvks
d dh a vkSijh{kk
j laxBuks ikla osdh Q izFkhA
fr ÑrK bl rjg gS
ftUgks
osQ vkxsaus vius c<+s lagql,kèkuks
gkFka] ij
lkexzlquh usrFkkokyklg;kscrkSfx;ks
j nkna dhviuk enn gkFk ysus ekjk
esa mnkjrkiw
djrk oFkkZdvkSlg;ks x fn;kArk
j oDrk&Jks
ifj"kn~
nksuksa ekè;fed
BBkdj gkFk ,oa feyk;k
mPp f'k{kk djrsfoHkkx]
FksA ,slekuo
h gh laijalkèku
ijk fodklfd'kunkea=oskky; Q DokVZ }kjkj çks +
esa IkHkh
sQlj Fkhe`.kky
tgk¡
ehjh ,oa çksI +
k s
Q lj th-ihns' kika M s dh vè;{krk esa
jks”kh&jksVh dh ryk'k esa vk, ;'kksèkj iar uked ,d eSfVªd ikl ckyd dks 'kj.k feyhxfBr fuxjkuh lfefr (ekW fuVfja x des V h)
osQFkhlnL;ksdHkhAa dksfd'kunkviuk oqew¡QYvkjs
;okuFks le; vkSj lg;ks
vkSj igkM+ ls vk,x nsugqs ,osQfdrusfy, èkU;okn
gh yM+onssQ rBhd&fBdkuk
h gSA O;oLFkkxr gksus
lqlsèkkjksigys
a vkSjmuosviusQ ;gk¡ izdk'kuks a esa fuja
jg tkrs FksAreSj lfu[kkj
tSlh ykus osQ izfr lefiZ
FkhA feydj ykvks]r idkvks
,u-lh-bZ ] -[kkvks
vkj-Vh-A ;'kks fVIif.k;ks
èkj ckcwa
,oaftllq>le; koksa dkfnYyh Lokxr vk,djsFksxhmudh ftulsmezHkkoh la'kksèkuks
ljdkjh ukSda esjha enn
osQ fy, yh de tk los FkhAQA dksf'k'k djus ij
Hkh ^ckW; lfoZl* esa og ugha yxk, tk losQA rc fd'kunk us mUgsa eSl dk jlksb;k cukdj
j[k fy;kA ;gh ugha] mUgksaus ;'kksèkj dks ipkl jQi;s mèkkj Hkh fn, fd og vius funs'fy,
kd
u;hdiM+fnYyh s cuok losQ vkSj xk¡o iSlk Hkst losQA ckn esa bUgha fd'kunk jk"Vªh; 'kS us f{kd
vius vuq gh luhps aèkku ukSvkSdjjh
20fnyokbZ
uoacj vkS2006 j nÝ+rjh thou esa ekxZ&n'kZu fd;kA izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~
pbk us ”kksj ls dgk] ¶cM+s ckÅ] vki fdu [k;kyksa esa [kks x,\ esuu iwN jgk gS fd
vkidh 'kknh gqbZ dc Fkh\¸
;'kksèkj ckcw us ldidkdj viuk c<+k gqvk gkFk okil [khapk vkSj esuu ls eq[kkfrc
gksdj cksys] ¶uko ySV eh lh] vkbZ okW”k eSfjM vkWu flDLFk I+kQjojh ukbafVu I+kQksVhZ lsouA¸
v
ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

vè;{k] Hkk"kk lykgdkj lfefr
ukeoj ¯lg] iwoZ vè;{k] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk osQa nz] ts-,u-;w-] u;h fnYyh
eq[; lykgdkj
iq#"kksÙke vxzoky] iwoZ izkIs +ksQlj] Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk osaQnz] ts-,u-;w-] u;h fnYyh
eq[; leUo;d
jketUe 'kekZ] iwoZ izksI+ksQlj ,oa vè;{k] Hkk"kk f'k{kk foHkkx]
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyh
lnL;
vukfedk] jhMj] lR;orh dkWyst] u;h fnYyh
vuwi oqQekj] izksI+ksQlj] {ks=kh; f'k{kk laLFkku] Hkqous'oj
m"kk 'kekZ] ,lksf'k,V izksI+ksQlj] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyh
fnyhi ¯lg] izksI+ksQlj ,oa oqQy lfpo] nf{k.k Hkkjr fganh izpkj
lHkk] psUubZ
uhyoaQB oqQekj] ih-th-Vh] jktdh; cky fo|ky;] u;h fnYyh
uhjtk jkuh] ih-th-Vh-] panz vk;Z fo|keafnj] bZLV vkWI+kQ oSQyk'k]
u;h fnYyh
johUnz oqQekj ikBd] vflLVsaV izksI+ksQlj] MkYVu xat
johUnz f=kikBh] i=kdkj] u;h fnYyh
jkec{k] izksI+ksQlj] tokgjyky usg# fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyh
latho oqQekj] ofj"B izoDrk] ns'kcU/q dkWyst] u;h fnYyh
lehj oj.k uanh] izoDrk] ch-,p-bZ-,y- LowQy] gfj}kj
lnL;&leUo;d
laè;k ¯lg] izksI+ksQlj] Hkk"kk f'k{kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyh
forku vi
lhèks ^vflLVsaV xzsM* esa vk, u, Nksdjs pbk us] ftldh pkSM+h eksgjhokyh irywu vkSj
m¡Qph ,M+h okys twrs iarth dks] ^le gkm baçkij* ekywe gksrs gSa] FkksM+h cnreh”kh&lh dhA
^,st ;wtqvy* cksyk] ¶cM+s ckÅ] vkidh viuh pwusnkuh dk D;k gky gS\ oDr lgh
nsrh gS\¸
iarth us pbk dh èk`"Vrk dks vuns[kk vkHkkj
fd;k vkSj dgk] ¶fefuV&Vw&fefuV djsDV pyrh gSA¸
blfojksiqLèrd
k djukesa jpukvks
;'kksèkja dksckcwlfEefyr
us NksM+ djus
fn;k dh gSA Loho` Qfr nsus osog
eu&gh&eu Q fy,
ml lHkh
”kekusjpukdkjks
dh ;kna @”k:j ifjtuks a]
djrs
izgSda k'kdks
tc a nÝ+rFkk
rj eksesavog utksfd'kunk
&nM+ks lacdksa/h oqHkkbZ
QN ugha
fp=kksa^lkgc*
osQ fy,dgrs vkse vkS
Fkkuoh osQ izfFksr Age
j le>rs ?kM+o`h QrK
dh gSvksaA j
2 ns[blkdjiqLog rd cksosyQ k]fuekZ .k esa vkne
¶ckck lg;ksxosQ os”kekus
Q fy, dh ge gSfo'ks
cM+"s k ckÅ
vkeaf;g
=kr rks
'kkjnk
! vcoqQrks ekjh]fMftVy
izoDrk]ys
yks ,d
MkbV] tkikuhA
vkj-os Q- iqje~lLrh ] u;hfey tkrhrFkkgSA¸iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esa rduhdh lg;ksx osQ fy,
fnYyh
oaQI;w¶;g
Vj LVs?kM+
'kuh eq(Hkk"kk
>s 'kknhfoHkkx)
esa feyhosQ FkhA
izHkkjh
ge ij'kjke
iqjkuh pky dkSf'kd_ dkWih ?kM+
osQ] gekjh ,MhVj lehuk
h iqjkuh pky mlekuh
dhA vjs
j iwtcgqk rusxgSh_ izfdwI+kQ vc
vkS;gh jhMj rd dfork^jkbZVvkSVkbZ e* py
j deys 'k oqQjgh
ekjhgS,oa
μD;ks a oSQlh jgh\¸
Mh-Vh-ih- vkWijsVj dey oqQekj
vkSj bl lfpurjgoqdk Qekjugys osQ izij
fr ngyk
vkHkkjhtokc
gaSA nsrs gq, ,d gkFk vkxs c<+k nsus dh ijaijk Fkh] jsEts
LowQy] vYeksM+k esa tgk¡ ls dHkh ;'kksèkj ckcw us eSfVªd dh ijh{kk ikl dh FkhA bl rjg
osQ vkxs c<+s gq, gkFk ij lquus okyk crkSj nkn viuk gkFk ekjk djrk Fkk vkSj oDrk&Jksrk
nksuksa BBkdj gkFk feyk;k djrs FksA ,slh gh ijaijk fd'kunk osQ DokVZj esa Hkh Fkh tgk¡
jks”kh&jksVh dh ryk'k esa vk, ;'kksèkj iar uked ,d eSfVªd ikl ckyd dks 'kj.k feyh
Fkh dHkhA fd'kunk oq¡Qvkjs Fks vkSj igkM+ ls vk, gq, fdrus gh yM+osQ Bhd&fBdkuk gksus
ls igys muosQ ;gk¡ jg tkrs FksA eSl tSlh FkhA feydj ykvks] idkvks] [kkvksA ;'kksèkj ckcw
ftl le; fnYyh vk, Fks mudh mez ljdkjh ukSdjh osQ fy, de FkhA dksf'k'k djus ij
j[k fy;kA ;gh ugha] mUgksaus ;'kksèkj dks ipkl jQi;s mèkkj Hkh fn, fd og vius fy,
diM+s cuok losQ vkSj xk¡o iSlk Hkst losQA ckn esa bUgha fd'kunk us vius gh uhps ukSdjh
fnyokbZ vkSj nÝ+rjh thou esa ekxZ&n'kZu fd;kA
vii
;g iqLrd
f'k{kk dk forku (iSQyko) ,d ,slk racw gS tks vius Hkhrj iwjs
fo'o dks lesV ysrk gSA fdlh izdkj dh lhek ;k ca/u blosQ
vkM+s ugha vkrsA [kklrkSj ls tc Hkk"kk osQ laca/ esa f'k{kk dh
ckr dh tk, rc vuq'kklu (fo"k;xr) dh lhek Hkh ugha
jgrhA ckjgoha d{kk esa ¯gnh (vk/kj) i<+us okys fo|kfFZk;ksa osQ
fy, forku Hkkx 2 dh ifjdYiuk dh xbZ rks Hkk"kk] ns'k] foèkk]
vkdkj ij xgurk ls fopkj fd;k x;kA fdlh Hkh izdkj dh
lhek vkM+s ugha vkbZA jpuk,¡ ,slh pquh xb± tks jQfpdj gksus osQ
lkFk&lkFk fo'kky nqfu;k osQ vrhr] orZeku vkSj Hkfo"; ls
cPpksa dks lk{kkRdkj djk losaQA
bl iqLrd esa oqQy pkj jpuk,¡ gSaA ;s vkdkj esa yach gSaA
vkRedFkkRed miU;kl va'k vkSj ,d yach Mk;jh osQ oqQN
iUus Hkh fn, x, gSaA ;s os jpuk,¡ gSa ftUgsa Lora=k :i esa i<+us
osQ lkFk&lkFk iwjh jpuk dks i<+us dh pkg iSnk gksxhA
flYoj oS¯Mxμ ,d yach dgkuhA euksgj

';ke tks'kh dh vU; jpukvksa ls vyx fn[krh lh (ij gS
ugha)A ;g dgkuh vius f'kYi esa tks'kh th osQ fpj ifjfpr
Hkkf"kd vank”k vkSj eqgkojksa ls ;qDr gSA vk/qfudrk dh vksj
c<+rk gekjk lekt ,d vksj dbZ u;h miyfC/;ksa dks lesVs
gq, gS rks nwljh vksj euq"; dks euq"; cuk, j[kus okys ewY;
dgha f?klrs pys x, gSaA tks gqvk gksxk vkSj legkm baizkij
forku viii
;s nkslhèks tqe^vflLVs
ys bl dgkuh aV xzsM* osesQa vk, cht u, okD;NksdgSjsaA tks
pbk gqusv] kftldh
gksxk espkSa M;FkkfLFkfrokn
+h eksgjhokyh iryw ;kuh uT;ks vkSa j
dkm¡Qph R;ks,M+ h okys tw
a Lohdkj djrs iaysruths dkdks]Hkko ^legS gkm baçkij* ekyw
rks legkm baiezkijgksress a gS,d
a] FkksMvfu.kZ
+h cnreh”kh&lh
; dh fLFkfr dhA
Hkh gSA ;s nksuksa gh Hkko bl dgkuh osQ eq[; pfj=k ;'kks/j ckcw osQ Hkhrj osQ }a} gaSA
nsrh gS\¸
;s nksuksa gh fLFkfr;k¡ gkykr dks T;ksa dk R;ksa Lohdkj dj cnyko dks vlaHko cuk nsus
dh iavksrth j ysus tkrh
pbk dhgaSAèkègÙoiw
"Vrk dks.kZvuns ckr[kk;gfd;k gS fd vkSj;'kks
dgk]/j¶fefuV&Vw
ckcw bu &fLFkfr;ksfefuV djs DV f”kEes
a dk pyrhngSkjA¸
fdlhpbkO;fDr us oqQNoQksvkSugha j èk`"Bgjkrs
V gksdAj osiarvfu.kZ th dh; dykbZ dh fLFkfrFkke yhA esa gSbl
aA ;'kksrjg/jdhckcw èk`"Vrk
tgk¡dkcPpksçdV a
dhfojksrjDdh
èk djukls;'kks [kqè'kjk ckcw
gksrs usgSa Nksogha
M+ fn;k legkm gSA eu&gh&eu
baizkij ;gogHkhmlvuq ”kekus
Hko dh djrs;kngSa ”k:j
fd og djrs
[kqgS'a kgkyh
tc nÝ+Hkhrj oSesQlh a ogtksfd'kunk
viuksa esdks HkkbZ ughaiSn^lkgc*
a ijk;kiu k djsA blh dgrs}a}vkSosj Q le>rs lkFk&lkFk FksA ?kM+
blh dgkuh
dh vksj
2 dksns[kdj;'kks/og j ckcwcksyk]osQ¶ckck cgkus vknens'k ososQ Q iz”kekus
kij fodkl dh gS escM+a ck/d
s ckÅ ;g legkm rks! vc rks fMftVy
baizkij rÙoksa dhys
ryk'k osQ :i esa Hkh i<+k tk ldrk gSA
¶;g ?kM+h eq>s 'kknh esa feyh FkhA ge iqjkuh pky osQ] gekjh ?kM+h iqjkuh pky dhA vjs
;gh cgqr gS fdtw> vc μ rd ;g ejkBh ^jkbZV osVkbZQ eiz*[;krpy dFkkdkj
jgh gSμD;ks MkW-a oSvkua
Qlhn jgh\¸ ;kno dk cgqpfpZr
,oa bl cgqirjgz'kaflr dk vkRedFkkRed
ugys ij ngyk miU;kl tokc nsrgSs gq] ,ftldk ,d gkFk,dvkxs va'c<+k ;gk¡
k nsus fn;kdh ijax;kijk gSFkh]
A ;g jsEts
,d fd'kks j os Q ns [ ks vkS j Hkks x s gq , x¡ o bZ thou
LowQy] vYeksM+k esa tgk¡ ls dHkh ;'kksèkj ckcw us eSfVªd dh ijh{kk ikl dh FkhA bl rjg os Q [kq j njs ;FkkFkZ vkS j mlos Q ja x kja x
ifjos
osQ vkxs 'k dhc<+vR;a s gq, rgkFk fo'oluh;
ij lquus okyk thoarcrkS xkFkk
j nkngSAviukbl vkRedFkkRed
gkFk ekjk djrk miU;kl esa thourk
Fkk vkSj oDrk&Jks
dknksueeZksa BBkdj
Li'khZ fp=k.kgkFk feyk;k rks gS gh] djrsvLr&O;Lr&vyeLr
FksA ,slh gh ijaijk fuEueè;oxhZfd'kunk osQ ;DokVZ j esa lekt
xzkeh.k Hkh FkhvkStgk¡j
jks”rkh&jks
yM+ s&twV>hrsdhfdlku&e”knw
ryk'k esa vk, jksa os;'kks
Q laè?kjk"kZiardhuked Hkh vuw,dBheSf>k¡ Vªddhikl gSA ckyd dks 'kj.k feyh
Fkh dHkhA ;gk¡ fy, fd'kunk x, vaoq'¡Qvkjs
k esa gjFks vkS j igkM+
fLFkfr esa i<+ls uvk,
s dh gqykylk
, fdrusfy,gh /hjs yM+&o/hjssQ Bhd&fBdkuk
lkfgR;] laxhrgksus
vkSlsj igys
vU; muosfo"k;ks Q ;gk¡
a dh jgvkstkrs j c<+FksrAs fd'kks
eSl tSj loshQ FkhA
dneksfeydj
a dh vkoq ykvksQy] idkvks
vkgV ]lq[kkvks uh tkA ;'kks
ldrh èkj gSckcw
A
tks fu'p; gh fd'kksj gksrs fo|kfFZk;ksa osQ fy, gedne cu ldrh gSA
vrhr esa ncs ik¡oμ bfrgkl gesa fn'kk ns ldrk gS rks ,sfrgkfld uxj
lH;rk
fnyokbZosQvkSfodkl j nÝ+rjhdks thou fn'kk nsesa ldrs ekxZ&n'kZ gSaAublhfd;kAlanHkZ esa ;g jpuk vkse Fkkuoh dh ;k=kk
o`Ùkkar vkSj fjiksVZ dk feyk&tqyk :i gS] tks vc rd osQ Kku esa Hkkjrh; Hkwfe gh ugha
fo'o iQyd ij ?kfVr lH;rk dh lcls çkphu ?kVuk dks mrus gh lqfu;ksftr <ax
ls iquthZfor djrk gS] ftrus lqfu;ksftr <ax ls mlosQ nks egku uxj eqvutks&nM+ks vkSj
gM+Iik ;'kkscls
èkj Fksckcw
A ysus[kd ldidkdj
us Vhyksa] viuk c<+ka] gqe`v
Lukukxkjks k gkFk
nHkka Mks] oqokil [khapk a]vkSedkuks
Qvksa&rkykcks j esuua olsekxkseq[± kkfrc
ls
izkIr iqjkrÙoksa esa ekuo&laLo`Qfr dh ml le>nkj&HkkokRed ?kVuk dks cM+s bRehuku ls
ix
[kkst&[kkst dj gesa fn[kyk;k gS] ftlls ge bfrgkl dh likV

o.kZukRedrk ls xzLr gksus dh txg bfrgkl cks/ ls rj
(flDr) gksrs gSa (ftl izdkj ¯lèkq ?kkVh lH;rk ,d le;
izk.k/kjk ls rj Fkh)A ¯l/q lH;rk osQ lcls cM+s 'kgj
eqvutks&nM+ks dh uxj&;kstuk vfHkHkwr djrh gSA og vkt osQ
lsDVj&ekdkZ dkWyksfu;ksa osQ uhjl fu;kstu dh vis{kk ”;knk
jpukRed Fkh] D;ksafd mldh clkoV 'kgj osQ [kqn fodlus
dk vodk'k Hkh NksM+ dj pyrh FkhA iqjkrÙo osQ fu"izk.k iM+s
fpÉks a ls ,d ”kekus esa] vkckn ?kjksa] yksxksa vkSj mudh
lkekftd&èkkfeZd&jktuhfrd o vkfFZkd xfrfof/;ksa dk iq[rk
vuqeku fd;k tk ldrk gSA og lH;rk rkdr osQ cy ij
'kkflr gksus dh txg vkilh le> ls vuq'kkflr FkhA mlesa
HkO;rk Fkh] ij vkMacj ugha FkkA mldh [kwch mldk lkSan;Zcks/
Fkk] tks jktiksf"kr ;k èkeZiksf"kr u gksdj lekt iksf"kr FkkA
vrhr dh ,slh dgkfu;ksa osQ Lekjd fpÉksa dk vkèkqfud
O;oLFkk osQ fodkl&vfHk;kuksa dh HksaV p<+rs tkuk Hkh ys[kd
dks dpksVrk gSA
Mk;jh osQ iUusμ ;g Mp Hkk"kk esa 1947 esa

izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA mlosQ ckn n Mk;jh vkWIkQ+ , ;ax xyZ
'kh"kZd ls 1952 esa izdkf'kr gqbZA Mk;jh osQ iUus uke ls ;gk¡
mlosQ oqQN va'k fn, tk jgs gSaA ;q¼ osQ pyrs bfrgkl curs
gSa] cnyrs gSa vkSj fcxM+rs Hkh gSaA ;q¼ ls HkkSxksfyd uD'kk
cny tkrk gSA dbZ ckj [kkl bykdkas osQ euq";ksa] tkfr vkSj
laLo`Qfr dk ukeksfu'kku lekIr dj nsrk gS ;q¼A ;q¼ dk na'k
dbZ ihf<+;ksa dks Hkh >syuk iM+rk gS tSls tkikuA
forku x
lhèks
1933^vflLVs aV xzsMeghus
osQ ekpZ * esa vk, esa iSazQu, diQVZ NksdosjsQ uxjfuxe
pbk us] ftldh pqukokspkS a esMa +hfgVyj
eksgjhokyh dh uk”kh irywuikVhZ vkSj
dhm¡Qph
thr,M+osh Q okysrqjar twcknrs iatc rth ogk¡ dks] ;gw ^lenh&fojks gkm baèçkhkij* izn'kZekyw
uksa eus gks”kks
rs jgSa]idM+FkksMk+h] cnreh”kh&lh
rc iSazQd ifjokj dhA
us^,svius
t ;wtdks qvy*vlqcksjf{kryk] ¶cM+ eglwslckÅ] djrs vkidh gq, èkhjsviuh &èkhjs viukpwusnkuhclsdk D;k gky
jk uhnjyS aM~l gSos\Q ,ElVMZ
oDr lgh e
nsrh gS\¸
'kgj esa LFkkukarfjr dj fy;kA ogk¡ f}rh; fo'o;q¼ dh 'kq#vkr (1939) rd rks lc oqQN
iarth usjgk]
Bhd&Bkd pbk ¯drq
dh èkèbZ "Vrk1940 dks vuns esa [uhnjyS
kk fd;kaM~lvkSij j dgk]
teZu¶fefuV&Vw
h dk dC”kk &fefuV gksus djs osQDVcknpyrh gSA¸
gkykr
fcxM+pbkus yxs us AoqQ;gw
N fn;ks
vkSja osèk`Q"VmRihM+ gksduj iadkrthnkSjdh'kq:dykbZ gks x;kA
Fkke mUgs
yhAa rjg&rjg
bl rjg dh osQ èk`Hks"nVrk
Hkkoiwdk.kZ çdV
,oa
fojksèk djuk fu;e&dk;nks
viekutud ;'kksèkj ckcw a usdksNksekuus M+ fn;kosQgSfy, A eu&gh&euckè; fd;k og tkusml ”kekus
yxkA bu dh ifjfLFkfr;ks
;kn ”k:j a djrs osQ
gSa tc
chp iSazQdnÝ+ifjokj
rj esa og 1942fd'kunk osQ tqydks HkkbZ ugha
kbZ eghus ^lkgc* dgrs
esa vKkrokl ij pyk vkSj le>rs
x;k] ftldh FksA ?kM+;ksh tdh uk vks
rks j
2 ns[kdjgh og
igys cukbZcksy tkk] pq¶ckck
dh Fkh]vkne ysfdu osQ ftldk
”kekus dhrkRdkfyd gS cM+s ckÅ dkj.k;gcuk] rks! vc ,su dh rks fMftVy
cM+h cguys
yks ZV,d
ekxks dks tkikuhA
^lsaVªy vkWlLrh fIk+ Ql fey iQkWj tkrh T;wb'k gSbEehxz A¸ s'ku* ls vk;k cqykokA ,d ;qorh osQ fy, bl
cqykos¶;g osQ ?kM+ h eq>s 'kknh
[krjukd ek;uksesa dks a feyh ns[krsFkhAgq,geiSazQd iqjkuh pkyusosrRdky
ifjokj Q] gekjhxks?kM+ iuh; h iqjLFkku kuh pky esa tkdhA Nqivjs
us
dk;ghfu.kZcgq;r fy;k gS fdvkSvc j os rd vius^jkbZ cnu V VkbZij ediM+ * pyksa dh jgh dbZgSμrgsD;ksa a tek,
oSQlh (D;ks
jgh\¸afd lk”kks&lkeku
ysdjblfudyuk rjg dk mUgs ugys a laij nsgkLinngyk cuk tokcnsrnsk)rs gqiS,ny,d(D;ks gkFkafdvkxs;gwfc<+ n;kska nsdks
us dh fdlh ijailokjh
jk Fkh] jsijEts
pyuk
LowQy]euk vYeksFkk)M+k mlesa tgk¡txgls dh dHkhvksj;'kksfudy èkj ckcw iM+sAus ;g
eSfVªdtxgdhFkh] vkWVikl
ijh{kk ks iSazQddhosFkhA Q nÝbl+ rj rjg
osQ
osQ vkxs
Hkou c<+s gq,s dh
esa fiNokM+ gkFknksijeaflq”kys uusa] okyk
ftu rd crkSj igq nkn¡pusviuk
dh lh<+gkFkh ekjkvyekfj;ksdjrk a Fkk dh vkS ,d j oDrk&Jks
drkj osQrk
nksuksfNih
ihNs a BBkdj FkhA gkFk
;gk¡ nksfeyk;k fe=k&ifjokjksdjrs Fksa osA Q ,spkj lh gh vkSjijalnL;
ijk fd'kunk
muosQ lkFk osQ jgus
DokVZvk j esx,Aa HkhbuFkhvkB tgk¡
jks”kh&jksVh dh
vKkrokfl;ks a dksryk'k
iSazQd eslkgc a vk,osQ;'kks vkWèfkjIk+ Qliaresuked
a dke ,d djus eSokys
fVªd bZikl lkbZ ckyddeZpkfj;ks dksa 'kj.k
dh Hkjiw feyh
j
enn feyh vkSj os nks lky ls oqQN ”;knk gh oDr dkV ys x,A 4 vxLr] 1944 dks us
Fkh dHkhA fd'kunk oq ¡Q vkjs Fks vkS j igkM+ ls vk, gq, fdrus gh yM+ o sQ Bhd&fBdkuk gks
fdlh dh nh gqbZ tkudkjh osQ vkèkkj ij xsLVkiks (fgVyj dh [kqfIk+ Q;k iqfyl) us bl
xksiuh; fuokl ij Nkik ekjk] lHkh yksx ukf”k;ksa osQ gRFks p<+ x, vkSj mUgsa ;gwfn;ksa osQ
fy,
j[k cusfy;kA ;krukx`
;ghgugha esa ]HksmUgkst fn;k x;kA
aus ;'kks èkj egk;q ¼ esa fe=k
dks ipkl jQi;s jk"Vª ksa osHkh
mèkkj Q gkFk fn, teZ fd uog h dhvius ijkt;fy,
osdiM+
Q ckns cuok
tc ;krukx` g ks a es a oS Q n ;gw f n;ks a dks vk”kkn
losQ vkSj xk¡o iSlk Hkst losQA ckn esa bUgha fd'kunk us vius gh uhps ukSdjh djk;k x;k (viz S y ] 1945)] rc
iSfnyokbZ
azQd ifjokj vkSj QnÝ+lnL;ks
os rjh thou a esa ls esflI k+ ZQ firk
a ekxZ &n'kZthfor u fd;kAjg x, FksA ukf”k;ksa dh lkaiznkf;d&uLyh
?k`.kk dh vkx us ftu yk[kksa funksZ"k ;gwfn;ksa dh vkgqfr yh] muesa viuh ek¡ vkSj cgu
osvkidh
Q lkFk 'kknh
,su HkhgqbZ'kkfey dc Fkh\¸ FkhA
,su iSazQd dh cgqpfpZr Mk;jh nks lky osQ mlh vKkrokl osQ njE;ku fy[kh xbZ
;'kksèkj ckcw us ldidkdj viuk c<+k gqvk gkFk okil [kha+ pk vkSj esuu ls eq[kkfrc
FkhA vius rsjgosa tUefnuμ12 twu] 1942μij tc mls lI+ ksQn vkSj yky + diM+s dh
gksdj cksys] ¶uko ySV eh lh] vkbZ okW”k eSfjM vkWu flDLFk IkQjojh ukbafVu IkQksVhZ lsouA¸
ftYnokyh uksVcqd nh xbZ] rHkh mlus r; dj fy;k Fkk fd bl uksVcqd dks og viuh
xi
Mk;jh cuk,xhA Mk;jh mlus migkj es a gh feyh ,d

xqfM+;kμfd^hμdks lacksfèkr djosQ fy[kuh 'kq: dhA xksiuh;
thou dh rc 'kq#vkr ugha gqbZ Fkh] ysfdu eghus Hkj osQ vanj og
ukScr vku iM+hA ,su dk Mk;jh fy[kuk tkjh jgkA vkf[kjh fgLlk
mlus igyh vxLr] 1944 dks fy[kk] ftlosQ rhu fnu ckn og
nwljs lkr yksxksa lesr uk”kh iqfyl osQ gRFks p<+ xbZA la;ksx ls mldh
Mk;jh iqfyl osQ gkFk ugha yxh vkSj ;krukx`g ls thfor fudy
vkus okys vkWVks iSQza d us tc mls i<+k] rks os viuh NksVh&lh fcfV;k
osQ ys[ku dh xgjkbZ vkSj uk”kh neu osQ nLrkos”k osQ :i esa ml
ys[ku osQ egÙo osQ dk;y gks x,A mUgksua s gj laHko dksf'k'k djosQ
1947 esa bl Mk;jh dks izdkf'kr djok;k vkSj 'kuS%&'kuS% og
nqfu;k dh lcls vfèkd i<+h tkus okyh fdrkcksa dh lwph esa
'kkfey gks xbZA
;g Mk;jh bfrgkl osQ ,d lcls vkradizn vkSj nnZukd
vè;k; osQ lk{kkr~ vuqHko dk c;ku djrh gSA ge ;gk¡ ml
Hk;kog nkSj dks fdlh bfrgkldkj dh fuxkg ls ugha] lhèks
HkksDrk dh fuxkg ls ns[krs gSaA vkSj ;g HkksDrk ,slk gS] ftldh
le> vkSj laosnuk cgqr xgjh rks gS gh] mez osQ lkFk vkus
okys nw"k.kksa ls iwjh rjg vNwrh Hkh gSA bl iqLrd osQ fganh
vuqokn esa bldk ifjp; nsrs gq, Bhd gh fy[kk x;k gSμ¶bl
Mk;jh esa Hk;] vkrad] Hkw[k] I;kj] ekuoh; laosnuk,¡] izse]
?k`.kk] c<+rh mez dh rdyhIk+ saQ] gokbZ geys osQ Mj] idM+s tkus
dk yxkrkj Mj] rsjg lky dh mez osQ lius] dYiuk,¡] ckgjh
nqfu;k ls vyx&Fkyx iM+ tkus dh ihM+k] ekufld vkSj
'kkjhfjd ”k:jrsa] g¡lh&e”kkd] ;q¼ dh ihM+k] vosQykiu lHkh
oqQN gSA ;g Mk;jh ;gwfn;ksa ij <k, x, tqYeksa dk ,d thoar
nLrkos”k gSA¸
xii
xiii
IRN OZSK
vkeq[k iii
;g iqLrd vii
1
flYoj oS¯Mx
euksgj ';ke tks'kh 1
2
tw>
vkuan ;kno 21
3
vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
vkse Fkkuoh 35
4
Mk;jh osQ iUus
,su izSaQd 53

euksgj ';ke tks'kh
flYoj oSfMax
t c lsD'ku vkfI+kQlj okbZ-Mh- (;'kksèkj)

iar us vkf[kjh I+kQkby dk yky iQhrk ck¡èkdj fuxkg es”k ls mBkbZ rc nÝ+rj dh iqjkuh
nhokj ?kM+h ik¡p ctdj iPphl feuV ctk jgh FkhA mudh viuh dykbZ ?kM+h esa lk<+s
ik¡p ct jgs FksA iarth viuh ?kM+h jks”kkuk lqcg&'kke jsfM;ks lekpkjksa ls feykrs gSa blfy,
mUgksaus nÝ+rj dh ?kM+h dks gh lqLr Bgjk;kA I+kQkby vkmV Vªs esa Mkydj mUgksaus ,d fuxkg
vius ekrgrksa ij Mkyh tks
muosQ gh dkj.k ik¡p cts osQ
ckn Hkh nÝ+rj esa cSBus dks
etcwj gksrs gSaA pyrs&pyrs
twfu;jksa ls dksbZ euksjatd ckr
dj fnu Hkj osQ 'kq"d O;ogkj
dk fujkdj.k dj tkus dh
Ñ".kkuan (fd'kunk) ikaMs ls
feyh gqbZ ijaijk dk ikyu
djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ¶vki
yksxksa dh ns[kkns[kh lsD'ku dh
?kM+h Hkh lqLr gks xbZ gS!¸
forku
lhèks ^vflLVsaV xzsM* esa vk, u, Nksdjs pbk us] ftldh pkSM+h eksgjhokyh irywu vkSj
m¡Qph ,M+h okys twrs iarth dks] ^le gkm baçkij* ekywe gksrs gSa] FkksM+h cnreh”kh&lh dhA
nsrh gS\¸
iarth us pbk dh èk`"Vrk dks vuns[kk fd;k vkSj dgk] ¶fefuV&Vw&fefuV djsDV pyrh gSA¸
fojksèk djuk ;'kksèkj ckcw us NksM+ fn;k gSA eu&gh&eu og ml ”kekus dh ;kn ”k:j djrs
gSa tc nÝ+rj esa og fd'kunk dks HkkbZ ugha ^lkgc* dgrs vkSj le>rs FksA ?kM+h dh vksj
2 ns[kdj og cksyk] ¶ckck vkne osQ ”kekus dh gS cM+s ckÅ ;g rks! vc rks fMftVy ys
¶;g ?kM+h eq>s 'kknh esa feyh FkhA ge iqjkuh pky osQ] gekjh ?kM+h iqjkuh pky dhA vjs
;gh cgqr gS fd vc rd ^jkbZV VkbZe* py jgh gSμD;ksa oSQlh jgh\¸
bl rjg dk ugys ij ngyk tokc nsrs gq, ,d gkFk vkxs c<+k nsus dh ijaijk Fkh] jsEts
LowQy] vYeksM+k esa tgk¡ ls dHkh ;'kksèkj ckcw us eSfVªd dh ijh{kk ikl dh FkhA bl rjg
osQ vkxs c<+s gq, gkFk ij lquus okyk crkSj nkn viuk gkFk ekjk djrk Fkk vkSj oDrk&Jksrk
nksuksa BBkdj gkFk feyk;k djrs FksA ,slh gh ijaijk fd'kunk osQ DokVZj esa Hkh Fkh tgk¡
jks”kh&jksVh dh ryk'k esa vk, ;'kksèkj iar uked ,d eSfVªd ikl ckyd dks 'kj.k feyh
Fkh dHkhA fd'kunk oq¡Qvkjs Fks vkSj igkM+ ls vk, gq, fdrus gh yM+osQ Bhd&fBdkuk gksus
fnyokbZ vkSj nÝ+rjh thou esa ekxZ&n'kZu fd;kA
flYoj oSfMax
esuu us I+kQkSju fglkc yxk;k vkSj pgddj cksyk] ¶eSuh gSIih

fjVu~Zl vkI+kQ n Ms lj! vkt rks vkidk ^flYoj oS¯Mx* gSA 'kknh
dks iwjk iPphl lky gks x;kA¸
;'kksèkj th [kq'k gksrs gq, >sia s vkSj >sia rs gq, [kq'k gq,A ;g vnk
mUgkaus s fd'kunk ls lh[kh FkhA
3
pbk us ?kaVh ctkdj pijklh dks cqyk;k vkSj dgk] ¶lqu HkbZ
Hkxokunkl] cM+s ckÅ ls cM+k uksV ys vkSj lkjs lsD'ku osQ fy,
pk&ikuh dk bar”kke dj iQVkiQVA¸
;'kksèkj th cksys] ¶vjs ;s ôS¯Mx ,fuolZjh* oxSjg lc xksjs
lkgcksa osQ pksapys gSaμgekjs ;gk¡ FkksM+h ekurs gSaA¸
pbk cksyk] ¶feDpj er fiykb, xqjQnsoA pk;&e_h&yaw cl bruk
gh rks lkSnk gSA buesa dkSu vkidh cM+h ek;k fudyh tkuh gSA¸
;'kksèkj ckcw us tsc ls cVqvk vkSj cVq, esa ls nl dk uksV
fudkyk vkSj dgk] ¶vki yksx pk; ihft,] ^nSV* rks ^vkbZ Mw
ukV ekbaM*] ysfdu tks gekjs yksxksa esa ^dLVe* ugha gS] ml ij
^buflLV* djuk] ^nSV* eSa ^legkm baçkWij I+kQkbaM* djrk gw¡A¸
pbk us nl dk uksV pijklh dks fn;k vkSj iqu% cM+s ckÅ osQ
vkxs gkFk IkSQyk fn;k fd ,d uksV ls lsD'ku dk D;k curk gS\
jQi;s rhl gksa rks pqXxs Hkj dk tqxkM+ djk losaQA
lkjk lsD'ku tkurk gS fd ;'kksèkj ckcw vius cVq, esa lkS&Ms<+
lkS jQi;s ges'kk j[krs gSa Hkys gh mudk nSfud [kpZ ux.; gSA
vkSj rks vkSj] cl&fVdV dk [kpZ Hkh ughaA xksy ekosZQV ls
^lsozsQfVª,V* rd igys lkbfdy esa vkrs&tkrs Fks] bèkj iSny
vkus&tkus yxs gSa D;ksafd muosQ cPps vkèkqfud ;qok gks pys gSa
vkSj mUgsa vius firk dk lkbfdy&lokj gksuk l[r ukxokj
xq”kjrk gSA cPpksa osQ vuqlkj lkbfdy rks pijklh pykrs gSaA cPps
pkgrs gSa fd firkth LowQVj ys ysaA ysfdu firkth dks ^legkm*
LowQVj fugk;r csgwnk lokjh ekywe gksrh gS vkSj dkj tc
^vI+kQksMZ* dh ugha tk ldrh rc mldh ckr lkspuk gh D;ksa\
forku
pbk osQ ”kksj nsus ij cM+s ckÅ us nl&nl osQ uksV nks vkSj ns fn, ysfdu lkjs lsD'ku osQ
bljkj djus ij Hkh og viuh ^flYoj oSfMax* dh bl nkor osQ fy, jQosQ ughaA ekrgr
yksxksa ls pyrs&pykrs FkksMk+ g¡lh&e”kkd dj ysuk fd'kunk dh ijaijk esa gSA muosQ lkFk
cSBdj pk;&ikuh vkSj xIi&xIik"Vd esa oDr cjckn djuk ml ijaijk osQ fojQ¼ gSA
bèkj ;'kksèkj ckcw us nÝ+rj ls ykSVrs gq, jks”k fcM+yk eafnj tkus vkSj mlosQ m|ku esa
cSBdj dksbZ çopu lquus vFkok Lo;a gh çHkq dk è;ku yxkus dh u;h jhr viukbZ gSA
;g ckr muosQ iRuh&cPpksa dks cgqr v[kjrh gSA cCck] vki dksbZ cqbs FkksM+h gSa tks
jks”k&jks”k eafnj tk,¡] brus ”;knk ozr djsaμ,slk dgrs gSa osA ;'kksèkj ckcw bl vkykspuk dks
vulquk dj nsrs gSaA fl¼kar osQ èkuh dh] fd'kunk osQ vuqlkj] ;gh fu'kkuh gS!
4
fcM+yk eafnj ls mBdj ;'kksèkj ckcw igkM+xat tkrs gSa vkSj ?kj osQ fy, lkx&lC”kh
[kjhn ykrs gSaA fdlh ls feyuk&feykuk gks rks og Hkh blh le; dj ysrs gSaA rks Hkys gh
nÝ+rj ik¡p cts NwVrk gks og ?kj vkB cts ls igys ugha igq¡prsA
vkt fcM+yk eafnj tkrs gq, ;'kksèkj ckcw dh fuxkg ml vgkrs ij iM+h ftlesa dHkh
fd'kunk dk rhu cSM:e okyk DokVZj gqvk djrk Fkk vkSj ftl ij bu fnuksa ,d Ng
eaf”kyk bekjr cukbZ tk jgh gSA bèkj ls xq”kjrs gq, dHkh osQ ^Mh-vkbZ-tSM-* ,fj;k dh
cnyrh 'kDy ns[kdj ;'kksèkj ckcw dks cqjk&lk yxrk gSA ;s yksx lkjk xksy ekosZQV {ks=k
rksM+dj ;gk¡ ,d eaf”kyk DokVZjksa dh txg m¡Qph bekjrsa cuk jgs gSaA ;'kksèkj ckcw dks irk
ugha fd os yksx Bhd dj jgs gSa fd xyr dj jgs gSaA mUgsa ;g ”k:j irk gS fd mudh
;knksa osQ xksy ekosZQV osQ <gk, tkus dk xe eukus osQ fy, mudk bl {ks=k esa MVs jguk
fugk;r ”k:jh gSA mUgsa ,aMª;w”kxat] y{ehckbZ uxj] iaMkjk jksM vkfn u;h cfLr;ksa esa in
dh xfjek osQ vuq:i Mh&2 Vkbi DokVZj feyus dh vPNh [kcj dbZ ckj vkbZ gS exj
gj ckj mUgksaus xksy ekosZQV NksM+us ls badkj dj fn;k gSA tc mudk DokVZj VwVus dk uacj
vk;k rc Hkh mUgksaus blh {ks=k dh bu cfLr;ksa esa cps gq, DokVZjksa esa ,d vius uke vykV
djk fy;kA iRuh osQ ;g iwNus ij fd tc ;g Hkh VwV tk,xk rc D;k djksxs\ mUgksaus
dgkμ rc dh rc ns[kh tk,xhA dgk vkSj mlh rjg eqLkoqQjk, ftl rjg fd'kunk ;gh
fI+kQdjk dg dj eqLkoqQjkrs FksA
lp rks ;g gS fd fiNys dbZ o"kks± ls ;'kksèkj ckcw dk viuh iRuh vkSj cPpksa ls gj
NksVh&cM+h ckr esa erHksn gksus yxk gS vkSj blh otg ls og ?kj tYnh ykSVuk ilan ugha
djrsA tc rd cPps NksVs Fks rc rd og mudh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ esa enn dj ldrs FksA
flYoj oSfMax
vc cM+k yM+dk ,d çeq[k foKkiu laLFkk esa ukSdjh ik x;k gSA

;|fi ^legkm* ;'kksèkj ckcw dks vius lkèkkj.k iq=k dks vlkèkkj.k
osru nsus okyh ;g ukSdjh oqQN le> esa vkrh ughaA
og dgrs gSa fd Ms<+ g”kkj jQi;k rks gesa vc fjVk;jesaV osQ
ikl igq¡p dj feyk gS] 'kq: esa gh Ms<+ g”kkj jQi;k nsus okyh bl
ukSdjh esa ”k:j oqQN isap gksxkA ;'kksèkj th dk nwljk csVk nwljh 5
ckj vkbZ-,-,l- nsus dh rS;kjh dj jgk gS vkSj ;'kksèkj ckcw osQ
fy, ;g le> lduk vlaHko gS fd tc ;g fiNys lky
^,ykbM lfoZls”k* dh lwph esa] ekuk dkI+kQh uhps vk x;k Fkk] rc
blus ^Tokbu* djus ls badkj D;ksa dj fn;k\ mudk rhljk csVk
Ldkyjf'ki ysdj vejhdk pyk x;k gS vkSj mudh ,dek=k csVh
u osQoy reke çLrkfor oj vLohdkj djrh pyh tk jgh gS
cfYd MkDVjh dh mPpre f'k{kk osQ fy, Lo;a Hkh vejhdk pys
tkus dh èkedh ns jgh gSA ;'kksèkj ckcw tgk¡ cPpksa dh bl rjDdh
ls [kq'k gksrs gSa ogk¡ ^legkm* ;g Hkh vuqHko djrs gSa fd og
[kq'kgkyh Hkh oSQlh tks viuksa esa ijk;kiu iSnk djsA vius cPpksa
}kjk xjhc fj'rsnkjksa dh mis{kk mUgsa ^legkm* t¡prh ughaA
^,uhosμ tsujs'kuksa esa xSi rks gksrk gh gS lquk*μ,slk dgdj Lo;a
dks fnyklk nsrk gS firkA
;|fi ;'kksèkj ckcw dh iRuh vius ewy laLdkjksa ls fdlh Hkh
rjg vkèkqfud ugha gS rFkkfi cPpksa dh rjI+kQnkjh djus dh
ekr`lqyHk etcwjh us mUgsa Hkh ekWM cuk Mkyk gSA oqQN ;g Hkh gS
fd ftl le; mudh 'kknh gqbZ Fkh ;'kksèkj ckcw osQ lkFk xk¡o ls
vk, rkÅth vkSj muosQ nks fookfgr cssVs Hkh jgk djrs FksA bl
la;qDr ifjokj esa ihNs gh ihNs cgqvksa esa x”kc osQ ruko Fks ysfdu
rkÅth osQ Mj ls dksbZ oqQN dg ugha ikrk FkkA ;'kksèkj ckcw dh
iRuh dks f'kdk;r gS fd la;qDr ifjokj okys ml nkSj esa ifr us
gekjk i{k dHkh ugha fy;k] cl ftBkfu;ksa dh pyus nhA mudk
;g Hkh dguk gS fd eq>s vkpkj&O;ogkj osQ ,sls caèkuksa esa j[kk
x;k ekuks eSa toku vkSjr ugha] cqf<+;k FkhA ftrus Hkh fu;e budh
forku
cqf<+;k rkbZ osQ fy, Fks] os lc eq> ij Hkh ykxw djok,μ,slk dgrh gS ?kjokyh cPpksa lsA
cPps mlls lgkuqHkwfr O;Dr djrs gSaA fiQj og ;'kksèkj th ls mUeq[k gksdj dgrh
gSμrqEgkjh ;s ckck vkne osQ ”kekus dh ckrsa esjs cPps ugha ekurs rks blesa mudk dksbZ
dlwj ughaA eSa Hkh bu ckrksa dks mlh gn rd ekuw¡xh ftl gn rd lqHkhrk gksA vc esjs
dgus ls og lc <ksax&<dkslyk gks ugha ldrkμlkI+kQ ckrA
èkeZ&deZ] oqQy&ijaijk lcdks <ksax&<dkslyk dgdj ?kjokyh vkèkqfudkvksa&lk vkpj.k
djrh gS rks ;'kksèkj ckcw ^'kku;y cqf<+;k*] ^pVkbZ dk y¡gxk* ;k ^cw<+h eq¡g eq¡gkls] yksx
djsa rekls* dgdj mlosQ fonzksg dks e”kkd esa mM+k nsuk pkgrs gSa] vuns[kk dj nsuk pkgrs
gSa ysfdu ;g Lohdkj djus dks ckè; Hkh gks tkrs gSa fd rek'kk Lo;a mudk cu jgk gSA
6
ftl txg fd'kunk dk DokVZj Fkk mlosQ lkeus [kM+s gksdj ,d xgjk fu%'okl NksM+rs
gq, ;'kksèkj th us vius ls iwNk fd D;k ;g ^cSVj* ugha jgrk fd fd'kunk dh rjg]
?kj&x`gLFkh dk coky gh u ikyk gksrk vkSj ^ykbI+kQ* dE;wfuVh osQ fy, ^MsMhosQV* dj nh
gksrhA
fiQj mudk è;ku bl vksj x;k fd cky&trh fd'kunk dk cq<+kik lq[kh ugha jgkA mlosQ
reke lkfFk;ksa us gkS”k[kkl] xzhuikoZQ] oSQyk'k dgha&u&dgha ”kehu yh] edku cuok;k]
ysfdu mlus dHkh bl vksj è;ku gh ugha fn;kA fjVk;j gksus osQ Ng eghus ckn tc mls
DokVZj [kkyh djuk iM+k rc] gn gks xbZ] mlosQ }kjk miÑr brus lkjs yksxksa esa ls ,d
us Hkh mls vius ;gk¡ j[kus dh is'kd'k ugha dhA Lo;a ;'kksèkj ckcw mlosQ lkeus ,slk dksbZ
çLrko ugha j[k ik, D;ksafd ml le; rd mudh 'kknh gks pqdh Fkh vkSj muosQ nks dejksa
osQ DokVZj esa rhu ifjokj jgk djrs FksA fd'kunk oqQN lky jktsanz uxj esa fdjk, dk DokVZj
ysdj jgk vkSj fiQj vius xk¡o ykSV x;k tgk¡ lky Hkj ckn mldh e`R;q gks xbZA ”;knk
isa'ku [kk ugha ldk cspkjk! fofp=k ckr ;g gS fd mls dksbZ Hkh chekjh ugha gqbZA cl
fjVk;j gksus osQ ckn eqj>krk&lw[krk gh pyk x;kA tc mlosQ ,d fcjknj ls e`R;q dk
dkj.k iwNk rc mlus ;'kksèkj ckcw dks ;gh tokc fn;k] ¶tks gqvk gksxkA¸ ;kuh îrk ugha]
D;k gqvkA*
ftu yksxksa osQ cky&cPps ugha gksrs] ?kj ifjokj ugha gksrk mudh fjVk;j gksus osQ ckn
^tks gqvk gksxk* ls Hkh ekSr gks tkrh gSμ ;g tkurs gSa ;'kksèkj th! cPpksa dk gksuk Hkh ”k:jh
gSA ;g lgh gS fd ;'kksèkj th osQ cPps euekuh dj jgs gSa vkSj ,slk laosQr ns jgs gSa fd
muosQ dkj.k ;'kksèkj th dks cq<+kis esa dksbZ fo'ks"k lq[k izkIr ugha gksxk ysfdu ;'kks/j th
flYoj oSfMax
vius e;kZnk iqjQ"k fd'kunk ls lquh gqbZ ;g ckr ugha Hkwys gSa fd
xèkk&iphlh esa dksbZ D;k djrk gS bldh fpark ugha djuh pkfg,
D;ksafd ckn esa gj vkneh le>nkj gks tkrk gSA ;|fi ;qok
;'kksèkj dks fo'okl ugha gksrk rFkkfi fd'kunk crkrs gSa fd fdl
rjg eSaus tokuh esa ipklksa fdLe dh [kqjkI+kQkr dh gSA ddM+h
pqjkuk] xnZu eksM+ osQ eqxhZ ekj nsuk] ihNs dh f[kM+dh ls owQn dj 7
lsosaQM 'kks flusek ns[k vkukμdkSu dje ,slk gS tks rqEgkjs bl
fd'kunk us ugha dj j[kkA
f”kEesnkjh lj ij iM+sxh rc lc vius gh vki Bhd gks tk,¡xs]
;g Hkh fd'kunk ls fojklr esa feyk gqvk ,d fI+kQdjk gS ftls
;'kksèkj ckcw vdlj vius cPpksa osQ çlax esa nksgjkrs gSaA mUgsa
dHkh&dHkh yxrk gS fd vxj esjs firk rc ugha xq”kj x, gksrs
tc eSa eSfVªd esa Fkk rks 'kk;n eSa Hkh xèkk&iphlh osQ yacs nkSj ls
xq”kjrkA f”kEesnkjh lj ij tYnh iM+ xbZ rks tYnh gh f”kEesnkj
vkneh Hkh cu x;kA tc rd cki gS rc rd ekSt dj ysA ;g
ckr ;'kksèkj th dHkh&dHkh raf”k;k1 dgrs gSASa ysfdu dgrs gq, muosQ
psgjs ij tks eqLkdku [ksy tkrh gS og cPpksa ij ;g çdV djrh gS
fd cki dks mudk lukFk gksuk] xSj&f”kEesnkj gksuk] oqQy feykdj
vPNk yxrk gSA
;'kksèkj ckcw dHkh&dHkh eu gh eu Lohdkj djrs gSa fd
nqfu;knkjh esa choh&cPps muosQ vfèkd lqy>s gq, gks ldrs gSa
ysfdu nks osQ pkj djus okyh nqfu;k gh mUgsa dgk¡ ea”kwj gS tks
mldh jhr ea”kwj djsaA nqfu;knkjh osQ fglkc ls cPpksa dk ;g
dguk lgh gks ldrk gS fd cCck us Mh-Mh-,- Ý+ySV osQ fy, iSlk
u Hkj osQ Hk;adj Hkwy dh gS foaQrq ^legkm* ;'kksèkj ckcw dks
fd'kunk dh ;g mfDr vc Hkh t¡prh gSμewj[k yksx edku cukrs
gSa] l;kus muesa jgrs gSaA tc rd ljdkjh ukSdjh rc rd ljdkjh
DokVZjA fjVk;j gksus ij xk¡o dk iq'rSuh ?kjA cl!
1- O;aX;kRed
forku
xk¡o dk iq'rSuh ?kj VwV&iwQV pqdk gS vkSj ml ij brus yksxksa dk gd gS fd ogk¡ tkdj
cluk] ejEer dh f”kEesnkjh vks<+uk vkSj csdkj osQ >xM+s eksy ysuk gksxkμbl ckr dks
;'kksèkj th vPNh rjg le>rs gSaA cPps cgl eas tc ;g roZQ nksgjkrs gSa rc muls dksbZ
tokc nsrs ugha curkA mUgksaus ges'kk ;gh dYiuk dh Fkh vkSj vkt Hkh djrs gSa] fd mudk
dksbZ yM+dk fjVk;j gksus ls igys ljdkjh ukSdjh esa vk tk,xk vkSj DokVZj muosQ ifjokj
osQ ikl cuk jg losQxkA vc Hkh iRuh }kjk Hkfo"; dk ç'u mBk, tkus ij ;'kksèkj ckcw
bl laHkkouk dks js[kkafdr dj nsrs gSaA tc iRuh dgrh gS] ^vxj ,slk ugha gqvk rks\
vkneh dks rks gj rjg ls lkspuk pkfg,A* rc ;'kksèkj ckcw fVIi.kh djrs gSa fd lc rjg
ls lkspus okys gekjh fcjknjh esa ugha gksrs gSaA mlesa rks ,d dh rjg ls lkspus okys gksrs
8 gSaA dgrs gSa vkSj dgdj yxHkx udyh&lh g¡lh g¡lrs gSaA
ftruk gh bl yksd dh f”kanxh ;'kksèkj ckcw dks ;g udyh g¡lh g¡lus osQ fy, ckè;
dj jgh gS mruk gh og ijyksd osQ ckjs esa mRlkgh gksus dk ;Ru dj jgs gSaA rks mUgksaus
fcM+yk eafnj dh vksj rs”k dne c<+k,] y{eh&ukjk;.k osQ vkxs gkFk tksM+s] vlhd dk
iwQy2 pqfV;k esa [kkaslk vkSj ihNs ls ml çkax.k esa tk igq¡ps tgk¡ ,d egkRek th xhrk ij
çopu dj jgs FksA
vI+kQlksl] vkt çopu lquus esa ;'kksèkj th dk eu [kkl yxk ughaA lp rks ;g gS fd
og Hkhrj ls cgqr ”;knk èkkfeZd vFkok deZdkaMh gSa ughaA gk¡ bl lacèa k eas vius e;kZnk iqjQ"k
fd'kunk }kjk LFkkfir ekud ges'kk muosQ lkeus jgs gSAa tSl&s tSls mez <y jgh gS oSl&s oSls
og Hkh fd'kunk dh rjg jks”k eafnj tkus] laè;k&iwtk djus vkSj xhrk çsl xksj[kiqj dh fdrkcsa
i<+us dk ;Ru djus yxs gSAa vxj dHkh mudk eu f'kdk;r djrk fd bl lc esa yx ugha
ik jgk gw¡ rc mlls dgrs fd HkkbZ yxuk pkfg,A vc rks ek;k&eksg osQ lkFk&lkFk
Hkxor~&Hktu dks Hkh oqQN LFkku nsuk gksxk fd ugha\ u;h ih<+h dks nsdj jktikV rqe yx
tkvks ckV ou&çns'k dhA tks djrs gS]a tSlk djrs gS]a djsAa gesa rks vc bl ô&jYM* dh
ugha] mldh] bl ^ykbIk+ Q* dh ugha] mldh ¯prk djuh gSA oSls vxj cPps lykg ek¡x]as
vuqHko dk vknj djsa rks vPNk yxrk gSA vc ugha ek¡xrs rks u ek¡xAas
;'kksèkj ckcw us fiQj vius dks f>M+dk fd ;g Hkh D;k gqvk fd eu dks le>kus esa
fiQj HkVd x,A xhrk efgek lquksA
2- Hkxoku osQ pj.kksa ls mBk, gq, vk'khokZn osQ iwQy

flYoj oSfMax
lquus yxs exj O;k[;k esa tuknZu 'kCn tks lqukbZ iM+k rks mUgsa
vius thtk tuknZu tks'kh dh ;kn gks vkbZA ijlksa gh dkMZ vk;k
gS fd mudh rch;r [kjkc gSA ;'kksèkj ckcw lkspus yxs fd
thtkth dk gky iwNus vgenkckn tkuk gh gksxkA ,slk lksprs gh
mUgsa ;g Hkh [k;ky vk;k fd ;g izLrko mudh iRuh vkSj cPpksa
dks ilan ugha vk,xk] lkjk la;qDr ifjokj fc[kj x;k gSA iRuh 9
vkSj cPPkksa dh èkkj.kk gS fd bl fc[kjs ifjokj osQ izfr ;'kksèkj
th dk ,drjI+kQk yxko vkfFkZd n`f"V ls loZFkk ew[kZrkiw.kZ gSA
;'kksèkj th [kq'kh&xe osQ gj ekSosQ ij fj'rsnkjksa osQ ;gk¡ tkuk
”k:jh le>rs gSaA og pkgrs gSa fd cPps Hkh ikfjokfjdrk osQ izfr
mRlkgh gksaA cPps ozqQ¼ gh gksrs gSaA vHkh ml fnu gn gks xbZA
dekmQ csVs us ;g dg fn;k fd vkidks cqvk dks Hkstus osQ fy,
iSls eSa rks ugha nw¡xkA ;'kksèkj ckcw dks dguk iM+k fd vHkh rqEgkjs
cCck dh bruh lk[k gS fd lkS jQi;s mèkkj ys losaQA
;'kksèkj th dk ukjk] ^gekjk rks lSi3 gh ,slk ns[kk Bgjk*μgesa
rks ;gh ijaijk fojklr esa feyh gSA bl ukjs ls mudh iRuh cgqr
fp<+rh gSA iRuh dk dguk gS] vkSj lgh dguk gS fd ;'kksèkj th
dk Lo;a dk ns[kk gqvk oqQN ugha gSA ek¡ osQ ej tkus osQ ckn
NksVh&lh mez esa og xk¡o NksM+dj viuh foèkok cqvk osQ ikl
vYeksM+k vk x, FksA cqvk dk dksbZ ,slk yack&pkSM+k ifjokj rks Fkk
ugha tgk¡ fd ;'kksèkj th oqQN ns[krs vkSj ijaijk osQ jax esa jaxrsA
eSfVªd ikl djrs gh og fnYyh vk x, vkSj ;gk¡ jgs oq¡Qvkjs
o`Q".kkuan th osQ lkFkA oq¡Qvkjs dh fxjLrh esa ns[kus dks gksrk D;k
gS\ iRuh vkxzgiwoZd dgrh gS fd oqQN ugha rqe vius mu
fd'kunk osQ eq¡g ls lquh&lqukbZ ckrksa dks viuh vk¡[kksa ns[kh ;knsa
cuk Mkyrs gks fd'kunk dks tks Hkh ekywe FkkA og mudk iqjkus
x¡obZ yksxksa ls lh[kk gqvk BgjkA fnYyh vkdj mUgksaus ?kj&ifjokj
rks clk;k ugha tks tku ikrs fd dkSu ls fjokt fuHk ldrs gSa]
dkSu ls ughaA iRuh dk dguk gS fd fd'kunk rks Fks gh tue osQ
3- lkgc dk cksypky esa iz;qDr :i

forku
cw<+s] rqEgsa D;k lqj yxk tks mudk cq<+kik [kqn vks<+us yxs gks\ rqe 'kq: esa rks ,sls ugha Fks] 'kknh
osQ ckn eSaus rqEgsa ns[k tks D;k ugha j[kk gS! gÝ+rs esa nks&nks flusek ns[krs Fks] x”ky xkrs Fks x”ky!
x”ky gqbZ vkSj lgxy osQ xkusA
;'kksèkj ckcw Lohdkj djrs gSa fd muesa oqQN ifjorZu gqvk gS ysfdu og le>rs gSa fd
mez osQ lkFk&lkFk cq”kqfxZ;r vkuk Bhd gh gSA iRuh ls og dgrs gSa fd ftl rjg rqeus
cq<+;kdky ;g cxSj ck¡g dk Cykmt iguuk] ;g jlksbZ ls ckgj nky&Hkkr [kk ysuk] ;g
m¡Qph ghy okyh lSaMy iguuk] vkSj ,sls gh ipklksa dke viuh csVh dh lykg ij 'kq:
dj fn, gSa] eq>s rks os ^legkm baçkWij* gh ekywe gksrs gSaA ,uhos eSa rqEgsa ,slk djus ls jksd
ugha jgkA ns;jiQksj rqe yksxksa dks Hkh esjs thus osQ <ax ij dksbZ ,rjk”k gksuk ugha pkfg,A
10
;'kksèkj ckcw dks èkkfeZd çopu lqurs gq, Hkh viuk ikfjokfjd fparu esa è;ku Mwck jguk
vPNk ugha yxkA lqcg&'kke laè;k djus osQ ckn tc og FkksM+k è;ku yxkus dh dksf'k'k
djrs gSa rc Hkh eu fdlh ije lÙkk esa ugha] blh ifjokj esa yhu gksrk gSA ;'kksèkj th
pkgrs gSa fd è;ku yxkus dh lgh fofèk lh[ksa rFkk lkFk gh og vius ls Hkh dgrs gSa fd
ijgSIl ,slh ph”k osQ fy, fjVk;j gksus osQ ckn dk le; gh çkWij BgjkA okuizLFk osQ fy,
izSlØkbCM Bgjh ;s ph”ksaA okuçLFk osQ fy, ;'kksèkj ckcw dk vius iq'rSuh xk¡o tkus dk
bjknk gS fjVk;j gksdjA iQkj izQke n eS¯Mx ØkmMμle>s!
bl rjg dh reke ckrsa ;'kksèkj ckcw iSnkb'kh cq”kqxZokj fd'kunk osQ 'kCnksa esa vkSj muosQ
gh ygts esa dgk djrs gSa vkSj dg dj mudh rjg dh og >saih&lh yxHkx udyh&lh
g¡lh g¡l nsrs gSaA tc rd fd'kunk fnYyh esa jgs ;'kksèkj ckcw fuR; fu;e ls gj nwljh
'kke muosQ njckj esa gkf”kjh yxkus igq¡prs jgsA
Lo;a fd'kunk gj lqcg lSj ls ykSVrs gq, vius bl ekul iq=k osQ DokVZj esa >k¡duk
vkSj ^gSYnh&oSYnh ,aM okb”k* cu jgk gS u HkkÅμ,slk dguk dHkh ugha HkwyrsA tc
;'kksèkj ckcw fnYyh vk, Fks rc mudh lqcg FkksM+h nsj ls mBus dh vknr FkhA fd'kunk
us mUgsa jks”k lqcg >d>ksj dj mBkuk vkSj lkFk lSj esa ys tkuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj ;g ea=k
fn;k fd ^vjyh Vw cSM ,aM vjyh Vw jkbt esDl , eSu gSYnh ,aM okb”k!* tc ;'kksèkj
ckcw vyx DokVZj esa jgus yxs vkSj viuh x`gLFkh esa Mwc x, rc Hkh fd'kunk us ;g ns[krs
jguk ”k:jh le>k fd HkkÅ ;kuh cPpk losjs tYnh mBrk gS fd ugha\ ;'kksèkj ckcw dks
;g vPNk yxrk Fkk fd dksbZ mUgsa HkkÅ dgrk gSA gj losjs og fd'kunk ls vuqjksèk djrs
fd pk; ihdj tk,A fd'kunk dHkh&dHkh bl vuqjksèk dh j{kk dj nsrsA ;'kksèkj ckcw us
flYoj oSfMax
fd'kunk dks ?kj vkSj nÝ+rj esa fofHkÂ :iksa esa ns[kk gS ysfdu
fd'kunk dh tks Nfo muosQ eu esa clh gqbZ gS og lqcg dh lSj
dks fudys fd'kunk dh gh gS] oqQrsZ&itkes osQ Åij Åuh xkmu
igus] flj ij xksy foyk;rh Vksih vkSj ik¡oksa esa ns'kh [kM+km¡Q èkkj.k
fd, gq, vkSj gkFk esa (oqQÙkksa dks Hkxkus osQ fy,) ,d NM+h fy,
gq,A 11
tc rd fd'kunk fnYyh esa jgs rc rd ;'kksèkj ckcw us muosQ
i^f'k"; vkSj mRlkgh dk;ZdrkZ dh Hkwfedk iwjh fu"Bk ls fuHkkbZA
fd'kunk osQ pys tkus osQ ckn mUgksaus gh mudh dbZ ijaijkvksa dks
thfor j[kus dh dksf'k'k dh vkSj bl dksf'k'k esa iRuh vkSj cPpksa
dks ukjk”k fd;kA ?kj esa gksyh xokuk] ^tU;ks iqU;wa* osQ fnu lc
oqQekm¡fu;ksa dks tusÅ cnyus osQ fy, vius ?kj vkeaf=kr djuk]
jkeyhyk dh rkyhe osQ fy, DokVZj dk ,d dejk ns nsukμ;s
vkSj ,sls gh dbZ vkSj dke ;'kksèkj ckcw us fd'kunk ls fojklr
esa fy, FksA mudh iRuh vkSj cPpksa dks bu vk;kstuksa ij gksus
okyk [kpZ vkSj bu vk;kstuksa esa gksus okyk 'kksj] nksuksa gh l[r
ukilan FksA cnrj ;gh fd bu vk;kstuksa osQ fy, lekt esa Hkh
dksbZ [kkl mRlkg jg ugha x;k gSA
;'kksèkj th pkgrs gSa fd mUgsa lekt dk lEekfur cq”kqxZ ekuk
tk, ysfdu tc lekt gh u gks rks ;g in mUgsa D;ksadj feys\
;'kksèkj th dgrs gSa fd cPps esjk vknj djsa vkSj mlh rjg gj
ckr esa eq>ls lykg ysa ftl rjg eSa fd'kunk ls fy;k djrk FkkA
;'kksèkj ckcw MseksozsQV ckcw gSa vkSj gjfx”k ;g nqjkxzg ugha djuk
pkgrs fd cPps muosQ dgs dks iRFkj dh ydhj le>saA ysfdu
;g Hkh D;k gqvk fd iwNk u rkNk] ftlosQ eu esa tSlk vk;k
djrk jgkA xzkaVsM rqEgkjh ukWyst ”;knk gksxh ysfdu ,Dlihfj,al
dk dksbZ lcLVhV~;wV Bgjk ugha csVkA ekuks u ekuks] >wBs eq¡g ls
lgh] ,d ckj iwN rks fy;k djksμ,slk dgrs gSa ;'kksèkj ckcw vkSj
cPps ;gh mÙkj nsrs gSa] ¶cCck] vki rks gn djrs gSa] tks ckr vki
tkurs gh ugha vkils D;ksa iwNsa\¸
forku
çopu lquus osQ ckn ;'kksèkj ckcw lC”kheaMh x,A ;'kksèkj ckcw dks vPNk yxrk vxj
muosQ csVs cM+s gksus ij viuh rjI+kQ ls ;g çLrko djrs fd nwèk ykuk] jk'ku ykuk] lh-
th- ,p- ,l- fMLisaljh ls nok ykuk] lnj ck”kkj tkdj nkysa ykuk] igkM+xat ls lC”kh
ykuk] fMiks ls dks;yk ykuk ;s lc dke vki NksM+ nsa] vc ge dj fn;k djsaxs] ,dkèk
ckj csVksa ls [kqn mUgksaus gh dgk rc os ,d&nwljs ls dgus yxs fd rw fd;k dj] rw D;ksa
ugha djrk\ bruk oqQgjke epk vkSj yM+dksa us ,d&nwljs dks bruk ”;knk cqjk&Hkyk dgk
fd ;'kksèkj ckcw us bl fo"k; dks mBkuk Hkh can dj fn;kA tc ls csVk foKkiu oaQiuh
esa cM+h ukSdjh ij x;k gS rc ls cPpksa dk bl çlax esa ,d gh oDrO; gS&¶cCck] gekjh
le> esa ugha vkrk fd bu dkeksa osQ fy, vki ,d ukSdj D;ksa ugha j[k ysrs\ bZtk dks
12 Hkh vkjke gks tk,xkA¸ dekÅ csVk ued fNM+drs gq, ;g Hkh dgrk gS fd ukSdj dh
ru[okg eSa ns nw¡xkA
;'kksèkj ckcw dks ;gh ^legkm baçkij* ekywe gksrk gS fd mudk csVk viuk osru muosQ
gkFk esa ugha j[ksA ;g lgh gS fd osru Lo;a csVs osQ vius gkFk esa ugha vkrk] ,dkmaV
VªkaliQj }kjk cSad esa tkrk gSA ysfdu D;k csVk cki osQ lkFk TokbaV ,dkmaV ugha [kksy
ldrk Fkk\ >wBs eq¡g ls gh lgh] ,d ckj ,slk dgrk rks! frl ij csVs dk vius osru
dks viuk le>rs gq, ckj&ckj dguk fd ;g dke eSa vius iSls ls djus dks dg jgk
gw¡] vkiosQ ls ugha tks vki uqDrkphuh djsaA bl Øe esa csVs us firk dk ;g DokVZj rd
viuk cuk fy;k gSA viuk osru vius <ax ls og bl ?kj ij [kpZ dj jgk gSA dHkh
dkjisV fcNok jgk gS] dHkh insZ yxok jgk gSA dHkh lksI+kQk vk jgk gS dHkh Muyiokyk
Mcy cSM vkSj ¯lxkj es”kA dHkh Vh- oh-] dHkh fizQt D;k gqvk ;g\ vkSj ,slk Hkh ugha
dgrk fd yhft, firk th eSa vkiosQ fy, ;g Vh- oh- ys vk;kA dgrk ;gh gS fd esjk
Vh- oh- gS le>s] bls dksbZ u Nqvk djs! DokVZj gh mldk gks x;k! ;g vPNh jghA vc
budk ,d ukSdj Hkh j[kks ?kj esaA budk ukSdj gksxk rks buosQ fy, gh gksxkA gekjs fy,
rks D;k gksxkμ,slk le>krs gSa ;'kksèkj ckcw ?kjokyh dksA dke lc vius gkFk ls Bhd gh
gksrs gSaA ukSdjksa dks lkSaik dkjksckj pkSiV gqvkA dgrs gSa ;'kksèkj ckcw] iRuh lqurh gS exj
ugha lqurhA ij lqudj vc fp<+rh Hkh ughaA
lC”kh dk >ksyk ysdj ;'kksèkj ckcw [kqnh gqbZ lM+dksa vkSj VwVs gq, DokVZjksa osQ eycs ls
iVs gq, ykuksa dks ikj djosQ LDok;j osQ ml dksus esa igq¡ps ftlesa rhu DokVZj vc Hkh
lkcqr [kM+s gq, FksA mu rhu esa ls oqQy ,d dks vc rd ,d flyflyk vkckn fd, gq,
gSA ckgj cnjax r[rh esa mldk uke fy[kk gSμokbZ-Mh- iarA
flYoj oSfMax
bl DokVZj osQ ikl igq¡pdj vkt okbZ-Mh- iar dks igys èkks[kk
gqvk fd fdlh xyr txg vk x, gSaA DokVZj osQ ckgj ,d dkj Fkh]
oqQN LowQVj&eksVj lkbfdy] cgqr ls yksx fonk ys&ns jgs FksA ckgj
cjkens esa jaxhu dkx”k dh >kyjsa vkSj xqCckjs yVosQ gq, Fks vkSj
jax&fcjaxh jks'kfu;k¡ tyh gqbZ FkhaA
fiQj mUgsa viuk cM+k csVk Hkw"k.k igpku esa vk;k ftlls dkj esa 13
cSBk gqvk dksbZ lkgc gkFk feyk jgk Fkk vkSj dg jgk Fkk] ¶fxo ekbZ
okeZ fjxkMZ~l Vw ;ksj I+kQknjA¸
;'kksèkj ckcw fBBd x,A mUgksua s vius ls iwNkμD;ks]a vkt esjs DokVZj
esa ;g D;k gks jgk gksxk\ mldk tokc Hkh mUgksua s vius dks fn;kμtks
djrs gksxa s ;g ykSMa &s ekSMa ]s budh ek;k ;gh tkusAa
vc ;'kksèkj ckcw dk è;ku bl vksj x;k fd mudh iRuh vkSj
mudh csVh Hkh oqQN eselkcksa dks fonk djrs gq, cjkens esa [kM+h gSa]
yM+dh thu vkSj cxSj ck¡g dk Vki igus gSA ;'kksèkj ckcw mlls dbZ
erZck dg pqosQ gSa fd rqEgkjh ;g irywu vkSj lSaMks cuus okyh MªSl
eq>s rks legkm baçkij ekywe gksrh gSA ysfdu og Hkh f”kíh ,slh gS
fd bls gh igurh gS vkSj iRuh Hkh mlh dh rjI+kQnkjh djrh gS]
dgrh gSμog flj ij iYyw&oYyw eSaus dj fy;k cgqr rqEgkjs dgus
ij le>s] esjh csVh ogh djsxh tks nqfu;k dj jgh gSA iq=kh dk i{k
ysus okyh ;g iRuh bl le; vksBksa ij ykyh vkSj ckyksa ij f[k”kkc
yxk, gq, Fkh tcfd ;s nksuksa gh ph”ksa vki oqQN Hkh dfg,] ;'kksèkj
ckcw dks ^legkm baçkij* gh ekywe gksrh gSaA
vkèkqfud fdLe osQ vtuch yksxksa dh HkhM+ ns[kdj ;'kksèkj ckcw
v¡èksjs esa gh nqcosQ jgsA muosQ cPpksa dks blfy, f'kdk;r gS fd cCck
rks ,y-Mh-lh- Vkbiksa ls gh feDl djrs gSaA
tc dkj okys yksx pys x, rc ;'kksèkj ckcw us vius DokVZj esa
dne j[kus dk lkgl tqVk;kA Hkhrj vc Hkh ikVhZ py jgh FkhA
muosQ iq=k&iqf=k;ksa osQ dbZ fe=k rFkk muosQ oqQN fj'rsnkj tes gq, FksA
forku
muosQ cM+s csVs us f>M+dh&lh lqukbZ] ¶cCck] vki Hkh gn djrs gSaA flYoj oSfMax osQ fnu
lk<+s vkB cts ?kj igq¡ps gSaA vHkh rd esjs ckWl vkidh jkg ns[k jgs FksA¸
¶ge yksxksa osQ ;gk¡ flYoj oSfMax dc ls gksus yxh gSA¸ ;'kksèkj ckcw us 'kehZyh g¡lh
g¡l nhA
¶tc ls rqEgkjk csVk Ms<+ g”kkj ekgokj dekus yxk] rc lsA¸ ;g fVIi.kh Fkh panznÙk
frokjh dh tks blh lky ,l-,-,l- ikl gqvk gS vkSj nwj osQ fj'rs ls ;'kksèkj ckcw dk
Hkkatk yxrk gSA
;'kksèkj ckcw dks vius csVksa ls reke rjg dh f'kdk;rsa gSa ysfdu oqQy feykdj mUgsa
14 ;g vPNk yxrk gS fd yksxμckx mUgsa bZ";kZ dk ik=k le>rs gSaA Hkys gh mUgsa Hkw"k.k dk
xSj&ljdkjh ukSdjh djuk le> esa u vkrk gks rFkkfi og ;g c[kwch le>rs gSa fd bruh
flYoj oSfMax
NksVh mez esa Ms<+ g”kkj ekgokj Iyl duos,al ,ykmal ,aM rqEgkjk
vnj iDlZ ik tkuk dksbZ ekewyh ckr ugha gSA blh rjg Hkys gh
;'kksèkj ckcw us csVksa dh [kjhnh gqbZ gj u;h ph”k osQ lanHkZ esa ;gh
fVIi.kh dh gks fd ;s D;k gqbZ] legkm esjh rks le> esa vkrk
ugha] bldh D;k ”k:jr Fkh] rFkkfi mUgsa dgha bl ckr ls FkksM+h
[kq'kh Hkh gksrh gS fd bl ph”k osQ vk tkus ls mUgsa u, nkSj osQ] 15
fu'p; gh xyr] ekudksa osQ vuqlkj cM+k vkneh eku fy;k tk
jgk gSA felky osQ fy, tc csVksa us xSl dk pwYgk tqVk;k rc
;'kksèkj ckcw us mldk fojksèk fd;k vkSj vkt Hkh og ;gh dgrs
gSa fd bl ij cuh jksVh eq>s rks legkm jksVh tSlh yxrh ugha]
rFkkfi og tkurs gSa] xSl u gksus ij og bl uxj esa pijklh Js.kh
osQ eku fy, tkrsA blh rjg fizQt osQ lanHkZ esa vkt Hkh ;'kksèkj
ckcw ;gh dgrs gSa fd esjh le> esa vkt rd ;g ugha vk;k fd
bldk I+kQk;nk D;k gS\ cklh [kkuk [kkuk vPNh vknr ugha BgjhA
vkSj ;g Bgjk blh dke dk fd lqcg cuk osQ j[k fn;k vkSj
'kke dks [kk;kA bl esa j[kk gqvk ikuh Hkh esjs eu rks vkrk ugha]
xyk idM+ ysrk gSA dgrs gSa exj bl ckr ls larq"V gksrs gSa fd
?kj vk, lkèkkj.k gSfl;r okys esgeku bl fizQt dk ikuh ihdj
vius dks èkU; vuqHko djrs gSaA
viuh flYoj oSfMax dh ;g HkO; ikVhZ Hkh ;'kksèkj ckcw dks
legkm baçkij gh yxh rFkkfi mUgsa bl ckr ls larks"k gqvk fd
ftl vukFk ;'kksèkj osQ tUefnu ij dHkh yaw ugha vk,] ftlus
viuk fookg Hkh dksvkWijsfVo ls nks&pkj g”kkj d”kkZ fudkydj
fd;k cxSj fdlh [kkl èkweèkke osQ] mlosQ fookg dh iPphloha
o"kZxk¡B ij osQd] pkj rjg dh feBkbZ] pkj rjg dh uedhu]
iQy] dksYMfMªaDl] pk; lc oqQN ekStwn gSA
fxjh'k cksyk] eq>s vkt lqcg cSBs&cSBs ;kn vk;k fd vkidh
'kknh Ng I+kQjojh lu~ lSarkyhl dks gqbZ Fkh vkSj bl fglkc ls
vkt mls iPphl lky iwjs gks x, gSaA eSaus vkiosQ nÝ+rj I+kQksu
forku
fd;k ysfdu 'kk;n vkidk I+kQksu [kjkc FkkA rc eSaus Hkw"k.k dks I+kQksu fd;kA Hkw"k.k us dgk]
'kke dks vk tkb, ikVhZ djrs gSaA eSa vius ckWl dks Hkh cqyk yw¡xk blh cgkusA¸
fxjh'k ;'kksèkj ckcw dh iRuh dk ppsjk HkkbZ gSA cM+h oaQiuh esa ekosZQfVax eSustj gS vkSj
bldh lgk;rk ls gh ;'kksèkj ckcw osQ csVs dks viuk ;g laiUu lkyk legkm Hk;adj
vksNkV ;kuh vksNsiu dk èkuh ekywe gksrk gSA mUgsa yxrk gS fd blh us Hkw"k.k dks fcxkM+
fn;k gSA dHkh dgrs gSa ,slk rks iRuh cjl iM+rh gSμ¯”knxh cuk nh rqEgkjs lsosaQM Dykl
ch-,- csVs dh] dgrs gks fcxkM+ fn;kA
Hkw"k.k us vius fe=kksa&lg;ksfx;ksa dk ;'kksèkj ckcw ls ifjp; djkuk 'kq: fd;kA mudh
16 ¶eSuh gSIih fjVu~Zl vkWI+kQ n Ms¸ dk ¶FkSaD;w¸ dgdj tokc nsrs gq,] ftu yksxksa dk uke
igys crk fn;k x;k gks mudh vksj ¶okbZ-Mh- iar] gkse fefuLVjh] Hkw"k.l I+kQknj¸ dgdj
Lo;a gkFk c<+krs gq, ;'kksèkj ckcw us gjpan ;g trkus dh dksf'k'k dh fd Hkys gh og
laLdkjh oqQekm¡Quh gS rFkkfi foyk;rh jhfr&fjokt ls Hkh Hkyh Hkk¡fr ifjfpr gSaA fd'kunk
dgk djrs Fks fd vkuk lc oqQN pkfg,] lh[kuk gj ,d dh ckr Bgjh] ysfdu viuh
NksM+uh ugha gqbZA VkbZ&lwV iguuk vkuk pkfg, ysfdu èkksrh&oqQrkZ viuh iks'kkd gS ;g ugha
Hkwyuk pkfg,A
vc cPpksa us ,d vkSj foyk;rh ijaijk osQ fy, vkxzg fd;kμ;'kksèkj ckcw viuh iRuh
osQ lkFk osQd dkVsaA ?kjokyh igys FkksM+k 'kjekbZ ysfdu tc csVh us gkFk [khapk rc mls
osQd osQ ihNs tk [kM+h gksus esa dksbZ fgpd ugha gqbZ] ogha ls mlus ifr dks Hkh iqdkjkA
;'kksèkj ckcw dks osQd dkVuk cpdkuh ckr ekywe gqbZA csVh mUgsa yxHkx [khapdj ys
xbZA ;'kksèkj ckcw us dgk] ¶legkm vkbZ MksaV ykbd vky fnlA¸ ysfdu ,uhos mUgksaus
osQd dkV gh fn;kA fxjh'k us mudh ;g vueuh ¯drq larq"V Nfo oSQejs esa oSQn dj yhA
vc ifr&iRuh ls dgk x;k fd os osQd ls eq¡g ehBk djsa ,d&nwljs dkA iRuh us [kk fy;k
exj ;'kksèkj ckcw us badkj dj fn;kA mudk dguk Fkk fd eSa osQd [kkrk ugha] blesa vaMk
iM+k gksrk gSA mUgsa ;kn fnyk;k x;k fd vHkh oqQN o"kksZa igys rd vki ekalkgkjh Fks] ,d
VqdM+k osQd [kk ysus esa D;k gks tk,xk\ ysfdu og ugha ekusA rc muls vuqjksèk fd;k x;k
fd yaw gh [kk ysaA Hkw"k.k osQ ,d fe=k us yaw mBkdj muosQ eq¡g esa Bw¡lus dk ;Ru fd;k
ysfdu ;'kksèkj ckcw blosQ fy, Hkh jk”kh ugha gq,A mudk dguk Fkk fd eSaus vc rd laè;k
ugha dh gSA bl ij Hkw"k.k us >q¡>ykdj dgk] ¶rks cCck] igys tkdj laè;k dhft,]
vkidh otg ls ge yksx dc rd jQosQ jgsaxsA¸
flYoj oSfMax
¶ugha] ugha] vki lc yksx [kkb,]¸ ;'kksèkj ckcw us cPpksa osQ

nksLrksa ls dgk] ¶Iyh”k xks vgsMA uks I+kQkjeSYVhA¸
;'kksèkj ckcw us vkt iwtk esa oqQN ”;knk gh nsj yxkbZA bruh
nsj fd ”;knkrj esgeku mB dj pys tk,¡A
mudh iRuh] muosQ cPps] ckjh&ckjh ls vkdj >k¡drs jgs vkSj 17
dgrs jgs] tYnh dhft, esgeku yksx tk jgs gSaA
'kke dh ianzg feuV dh iwtk dks yxHkx iPphl feuV rd
[khap ysus osQ ckn Hkh tc cSBd ls esgekuksa dh vkok”kas vkrh
lqukbZ nh rc ;'kksèkj ckcw iÁklu lkèkdj è;ku yxkus cSB x,]
og pkgrs Fks fd mUgsa çdk'k dk ,d uhyk ¯cnq fn[kkbZ ns] exj
mUgsa fd'kunk fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA
;'kksèkj ckcw fd'kunk ls iwN jgs Fks fd ^tks gqvk gksxk* ls vki
oSQls ej x,\ fd'kunk dg jgs Fks fd HkkÅ lHkh tu blh ^tks
gqvk gksxk* ls ejrs gSa] x`gLFk gksa] czãpkjh gksa] vehj gksa] xjhc gksa]
ejrs ^tks gqvk gksxk* ls gh gSaA gk¡&gk¡] 'kq: esa vkSj vkf[kj esa] lc
vosQys gh gksrs gSaA viuk dksbZ ugha Bgjk nqfu;k esa] cl viuk
fu;e viuk gqvkA
;'kksèkj ckcw us iktkek&oqQrsZ ij Åuh Mªsflax xkmu igus] flj
ij xksy foyk;rh Vksih] ik¡oksa esa ns'kh [kM+km¡Q vkSj gkFk esa MaMk
èkkj.k fd, bl fd'kunk ls vosQysiu osQ fo"k; esa cgl djuh
pkghA mudk fojksèk djus osQ fy, ugha cfYd ckr oqQN vkSj
vPNh rjg le>us osQ fy,A
gj jfookj fd'kunk 'kke dks Bhd pkj cts ;'kksèkj ckcw osQ ?kj
vk;k djrs FksA muosQ fy, xjek&xje pk; cuokbZ tkrh FkhA mudk
dguk Fkk fd ftls iwQ¡ d ekjdj u ihuk iM+s og pk; oSQlhA pk;
lqMd+ rs gq, fd'kunk çopu djrs Fks vkSj ;'kksèkj ckcw chp&chp
esa 'kadk,¡ mBkrs FksA
forku
;'kksèkj ckcw dks yxrk gS fd fd'kunk vkt Hkh esjk ekxZ&n'kZu dj losaQxs vkSj crk
losaQxs fd esjs choh&cPps tks oqQN Hkh dj jgs gSa mlosQ fo"k; esa esjk joS;k D;k gksuk
pkfg,\
ysfdu fd'kunk rks ogh vosQysiu dk [kVjkx vykius ij vkeknk ls ekywe gksrs gSaA
oSQlh choh] dgk¡ osQ cPps] ;g lc ek;k Bgjh vkSj ;g tks Hkw"k.k vkt bruk mNy jgk
gS og Hkh fdlh fnu bruk gh vosQyk vkSj vlgk; vuqHko djsxk] ftruk fd vkt rw dj
jgk gSA
;'kksèkj ckcw ckr vkxs c<+krs ysfdu mudh ?kjokyh mUgsa f>M+drs gq, vk igq¡ph fd
18 D;k vkt iwtk esa gh cSBs jgksxsA ;'kksèkj ckcw vklu ls mBs vkSj mUgksaus ncs Loj esa iwNk]
¶esgeku x,\¸ iRuh us crk;k] ¶oqQN x, gSa] oqQN gSaA mUgksaus tkuuk pkgk fd dkSu&dkSu
gSa\ vk'oLr gksus ij fd lHkh fj'rsnkj gh gSa og mlh yky xeNs esa cSBd esa pys x,
ftls igudj og laè;k djus cSBs FksA ;g xeNk iguus dh vknr Hkh mUgsa fd'kunk ls
fojklr esa feyh gS vkSj muosQ cPps blosQ l[r f[kykI+kQ gSaA
¶,ojhcMh xkWu] ikVhZ vksoj\¸ ;'kksèkj ckcw us eqloqQjkdj viuh csVh ls iwNk] ¶vc
xks;k xeNk igus j[kk tk ldrk gS\¸
mudh csVh >YykbZ] ¶yksx pys x,] bldk eryc ;g FkksM+h gS fd vki xeNk
igudj cSBd esa vk tk,¡A cCck] ;w vkj n fyfeVA¸
¶csVh] gesa ftlesa lt vk,xh ogh djsaxs uk] rqEgkjh rjg thu igudj gesa rks lt
vkrhμughaA¸
;'kksèkj ckcw dh n`f"V es”k ij j[ks oqQN iSoQs Vksa ij iM+hA cksy]s ¶;s dkSu Hkwys tk jgk gS\¸
Hkw"k.k cksyk] ¶vkiosQ fy, izs”ksaV gSa] [kksfy, ukA¸
¶vg] bl mez esa D;k gks jgk gS izs”ksaV&ojtSaV! rqe [kksyks] rqEgha bLrseky djksA¸ dgdj
'kehZyh g¡lh g¡lsA
Hkw"k.k lcls cM+k iSosQV mBkdj mls [kksyrs gq, cksyk] ¶bls rks ys yhft,A ;g eSa
vkiosQ fy, yk;k gw¡A mQuh Mªs¯lx xkmu gSA vki losjs tc nwèk ysus tkrs gSa cCck] iQVk
iqyksoj igu osQ pys tkrs gSa tks cgqr gh cqjk yxrk gSA vki bls igu osQ tk;k dhft,A¸
flYoj oSfMax
csVh firk dk iktkek&oqQrkZ mBk ykbZ fd bls igudj xkmu iguasA

FkksM+k&lk uk&uqp djus osQ ckn ;'kksèkj th us bl vkxzg dh j{kk dhA
xkmu dk lS'k dlrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ¶vPNk rks ;g Bgjk Msª¯lx
xkmuA¸
mUgksaus dgk vkSj mudh vk¡[kksa dh dksj esa ”kjk&lh ueh
ped xbZA 19
;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd bl ?kM+h mUgsa ;g ckr pqHk xbZ fd

mudk tks csVk ;g dg jgk gS fd vki losjs Msª¯lx xkmu igudj
nwèk ykus tk;k djsa] og ;g ugha dg jgk fd nwèk eSa yk fn;k d:¡xk
;k fd bl xkmu dks igudj muosQ vaxks esa og fd'kunk mrj vk;k
gS ftldh ekSr ^tks gqvk gksxk* ls gqbZA
forku
vH;kl
1- ;'kksèkj ckcw dh iRuh le; osQ lkFk <y ldus esa liQy gksrh gS ysfdu ;'kksèkj ckcw vliQy
jgrs gSaA ,slk D;ksa\
2- ikB esa ^tks gqvk gksxk* okD; dh vki fdruh vFkZ Nfo;k¡ [kkst ldrs @ ldrh gSa\
3- ^legkm baizkij* okD;ka'k dk iz;ksx ;'kksèkj ckcw yxHkx gj okD; osQ izkajHk esa rfd;k dyke
dh rjg djrs gSaA bl okD;ka'k dk muosQ O;fDrRo vkSj dgkuh osQ dF; ls D;k lacaèk curk gS\
4- ;'kksèkj ckcw dh dgkuh dks fn'kk nsus esa fd'kunk dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA vkiosQ thou dks
fn'kk nsus esa fdldk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgk vkSj oSQls\
20 5- orZeku le; esa ifjokj dh lajpuk] Lo:i ls tqM+s vkiosQ vuqHko bl dgkuh ls dgk¡ rd
lkeatL; fcBk ikrs gSa\
6- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdls vki dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk dgsaxs @ dgsaxh vkSj D;ksa\
(d) gkf'k, ij /osQys tkrs ekuoh; ewY;
([k) ih<+h dk varjky
(x) ik'pkR; laLo`Qfr dk izHkko
7- vius ?kj vkSj fo|ky; osQ vkl&ikl gks jgs mu cnykoksa osQ ckjs esa fy[ksa tks lqfoèkktud vkSj
vkèkqfud gksrs gq, Hkh cq”kqxks± dks vPNs ugha yxrsA vPNk u yxus osQ D;k dkj.k gksaxs\
8- ;'kks/j ckcw osQ ckjs esa vkidh D;k /kj.kk curh gS\ fn, x, rhu dFkuksa esa ls vki ftlosQ leFkZu
esa gSa] vius vuqHkokssa vkSj lksp osQ vk/kj ij mlosQ fy, roZQ nhft,μ
(d) ;'kks/j ckcw osQ fopkj iwjh rjg ls iqjkus gSa vkSj os lgkuqHkwfr osQ ik=k ugha gaSA
([k) ;'kks/j ckcw esa ,d rjg dk }a} gS ftlosQ dkj.k u;k mUgsa dHkh&dHkh [khaprk rks gS ij
iqjkuk NksM+rk ughaA blfy, mUgsa lgkuqHkwfr osQ lkFk ns[kus dh ”k:jr gSA
(x) ;'kks/j ckcw ,d vkn'kZ O;fDrRo gS vkSj u;h ih<+h }kjk muosQ fopkjksa dk viukuk gh
mfpr gSA

vkuan ;kno
tw>
ik B'kkyk tkus osQ fy, eu rM+irk FkkA

ysfdu nknk osQ lkeus [kM+s gksdj ;g dgus dh fgEer ugha gksrh fd] ¶eSa i<+us tkm¡QxkA¸
Mj yxrk Fkk fd gah&ilyh ,d dj nsxkA blfy, eSa bl rkd esa jgrk fd dksbZ nknk dks
le>k nsA eq>s bldk fo'okl Fkk fd tUe&Hkj [ksr esa dke djrs jgus ij Hkh gkFk oqQN ugha
yxsxkA tks ckck osQ le; Fkk] og nknk osQ le; ugha jgkA ;g [ksrh gesa xbs esa èkosQy jgh
gSA i<+ tkm¡Qxk rks ukSdjh yx tk,xh] pkj iSls gkFk esa jgsxa ]s foBksck vk..kk dh rjg oqQN
èkaèkk dkjksckj fd;k tk losQxkA* vanj&gh&vanj bl rjg osQ fopkj pyrs jgrsA
nhokyh chr tkus ij eghuk&Hkj bZ[k isjus dk dksYgw pykuk gksrkA dksYgw ”kjk tYnh
'kq: fd;k rks nknk dh le> ls bZ[k dh vPNh&[kklh dher fey tkrhA ;g mldh
le> oqQN gn rd lgh FkhA tc pkjksa vksj dksYgw pyus yxrs rks ck”kkj esa xqM+ dh
cgqrk;r gks tkrh vkSj Hkko uhps mrj vkrsA ml le; uacj ,d vkSj uacj nks dk xqM+ cgqr
vkrk vkSj gekjs tSls [ksrksa ij gh cuk, x, uacj rhu osQ xqM+ dks dkSu iwNrkA ckdh osQ
fdlku nwljs <ax ls fopkj djrs FksA mudk er Fkk fd ;fn bZ[k dks vkSj oqQN fnu [ksr esa
[kM+h jgus fn;k x;k rks xqM+ ”kjk ”;knk fudyrk gSA nsj rd [kM+h jgus okyh bZ[k osQ jl
esa ikuh dh ek=kk de gksrh gS vkSj jl xk<+k gks tkrk gS ftlosQ dkj.k ”;knk xqM+ fudyrk
gSA ysfdu nknk dh le> ls xqM+ ”;knk fudyus dh vis{kk Hkko ”;knk feyuk pkfg,A
blfy, lkjs xk¡o Hkj esa gekjk dksYgw lcls igys 'kq: gksrk FkkA
forku
blh dkj.k og bl o"kZ Hkh 'kq: gqvk vkSj ge mlls tYnh fuiV x,A vkxs osQ dke
esa yx x,A
lHkh tu èkwi esa ysVs gq, FksA ek¡ èkwi esa oaQMs Fkki jgh FkhμeSa ckYVh esa ikuh
Hkj&Hkjdj mls ns jgk FkkA oqQN&u&oqQN ckrphr Hkh dj jgs FksA ge nksuksa gh Fks blfy,
;g lkspdj fd ckr ek¡ ls dguh pkfg, vkSj eSaus vius i<+us dh ckr NsM+ nhA
22
22
ek¡ us dgk] ¶vc rw gh crk] eSa dk d:¡\¸ i<+u&s fy[kus dh ckr dh rks og cjgsyk lwvj
dh rjg xqjkZrk gSA rq>s ekywe gSA¸---ek¡ osQ eu esa taxyh lwvj cgqr xgjkbZ esa cSBk gqvk FkkA
¶vc e›k ([ksrh) osQ lHkh dke chr x, gSaA esjs fy, vc oqQN rks djuk ugha jg
x;k gSA blfy, dgrk gw¡_ rw nÙkk th jko ljdkj ls esjs i<+us osQ ckjs esa dgA vkt gh
jkr dks muosQ ;gk¡ pysaxsA eSa pyw¡xk rsjs lkFkA rw mUgsa lc oqQN le>kdj crk nsA rks os
nknk dks Bhd rjg ls le>k losaQxsA¸
tw>
¶Bhd gS pysaxsA¸ ek¡ us gk¡ rks dh ysfdu vanj ls ek¡ osQ

Loj esa mnklh FkhA eq>s Hkh ekywe Fkk fd bruk djus ij Hkh dksbZ
ykHk ugha gksxkA ysfdu og esjk eu j[kus osQ fy, tkus dks rS;kj
gks xbZA esjh rM+iu og le>rh FkhA lkroha rd i<+kus dh mlosQ
eu esa rS;kjh FkhA ysfdu nknk osQ vkxs mldk cl ugha pyrk FkkA
jkr dks eSa vkSj ek¡ nÙkk th jko nslkbZ osQ ;gk¡ x,A ek¡ us 23
nhokj osQ lgkjs cSBdj nÙkk th jko ls lc oqQN dg fn;kA os
Hkh bl ckr ls lger gks x,A ek¡ us ;g Hkh crk;k fd nknk lkjs
fnu ck”kkj esa j[kekckbZ osQ ikl xq”kkj nsrk gSA [ksrh osQ dke esa
gkFk ugha yxkrk gSA ek¡ us nslkbZ dks ;g fo'okl fnyk fn;k fd
nknk dks lkjs xk¡o Hkj vk”kknh osQ lkFk ?kweus dks feyrk jgs]
blfy, mlus esjk i<+uk can dj eq>s [ksrh esa tksr fn;k gSA ;g
lqurs gh nslkbZ nknk fp<+ x, vkSj cksys] ¶vkus ns vc mls] eSa
mls lqukrk gw¡ fd ugha vPNh rjg] ns[kA¸
mBrs&mBrs eSaus Hkh nÙkk th jko ls dgk] ¶vc tuojh dk
eghuk gSA vc ijh{kk u”knhd vk xbZ gSA eSa ;fn vHkh Hkh d{kk
esa tkdj cSB x;k vkSj i<+kbZ dh nqgjkbZ dj yh rks nks eghus esa
ik¡poha dh lkjh rS;kjh gks tk,xh vkSj eSa ijh{kk esa ikl gks
tkm¡QxkA bl rjg esjk lky cp tk,xkA vc [ksrh esa ,slk oqQN
dke ugha gSA esjk igys gh ,d o"kZ csdkj esa pyk x;k gSA¸
¶Bhd gS] Bhd gSA vc rqe nksuksa vius ?kj tkvksμtc og
vk tk, rks esjs ikl Hkst nsuk vkSj mlosQ ihNs ls ?kM+h Hkj ckn
esa rw Hkh vk tkuk js NksjkA¸
¶th!¸ dgdj ge [kM+s gks x,A mBrs&mBrs geus ;g Hkh
dgk fd ¶geus ;gk¡ vkdj ;s lHkh ckrsa dgh gSa] ;g er crk
nsuk] ugha rks ge nksuksa dh [kSj ugha gSA ek¡ vosQyh lkx&Hkkth nsus
vkbZ FkhA ;g crk nsaxs rks vPNk gksxkA¸
¶Bhd gS] Bhd gSA eq>s tks djuk gS eSa d:¡xkA ns[k] mlosQ
lkeus gh rq>ls oqQN iwNw¡xk rks fuMj gksdj lkI+kQ&lkI+kQ mÙkj nsukA
Mjuk erA¸
forku
¶ugha thA¸
eSa ek¡ osQ lkFk ykSV vk;kA ,d ?kaVk jkr chrs nknk ?kj ij vk;kA eSa ?kj esa gh FkkA
vkrs gh ek¡ us nknk ls dgk] ¶lkx&Hkkth nsus nslkbZ ljdkj osQ ;gk¡ xbZ Fkh rks mUgksaus
dgk fd cgqr fnuksa ls rsjk ekfyd fn[kkbZ ugha fn;k gSA [ksr ls vk tkus ij ”kjk bèkj
Hkst nsukA¸
24 ¶oqQN dke&oke Fkk\¸ nknk us vèkhjrk ls iwNkA
¶eq>s rks oqQN crk;k ugha mUgksausA¸
¶rks eSa gks vkrk gwA¡ rc rd rw jksfV;k¡ lsd
a ysA x.kik vk, rks mls [ksrksa ij Hkst nsuk
igys ghA¸
24
nknk rqjra mB [kM+k gqvkA nslkbZ osQ ckM+s dk cqykok nknk osQ fy, lEeku dh ckr FkhA
vkèkk ?kaVk chrus ij ek¡ us eq>ls dgk fd ¶vc rw tk] dguk theus1 cqyk;k gSA¸
¶vPNkA¸
eSa igq¡pk rks ljdkj esjh jkg ns[k jgs FksA
¶D;ksa vk;k js Nksjs\¸
¶nknk dks cqykus vk;k gw¡] vHkh [kkuk ugha [kk;k gSA¸
¶cSB] cSB FkksM+h nsjA vHkh rks vk;k gS og esjs iklA¸
¶th]¸ eSa cSB x;kA
èkhjs&èkhjs nÙkk th jko iwNus yxs] ¶dkSu&lh esa i<+rk gS js rw\¸
¶th] ik¡poha esa Fkk ¯drq vc ugha tkrk gw¡A¸
¶D;ksa js\¸
¶nknk us euk dj fn;k gSA [ksrksa esa ikuh yxkus okyk dksbZ ugha gSA¸
¶D;ksa jrukIik\¸
¶gk¡ th!¸
¶fiQj rw D;k djrk gS\¸ ljdkj us nknk ls ftjg djuk 'kq: fd;k rks lkjk bfrgkl
ckgj fudy vk;kA ljdkj us nknk ij [kwc xqLlk fd;kA mUgksaus nknk dh [kwc gtker
1- Hkkstu xzg.k djuk

tw>
cukbZA nslkbZ osQ e›k ([ksr) dks NksM+ nsus osQ ckn nknk dk è;ku
fdlh dke dh rjI+kQ ugha jgkA eu yxkdj og [ksr esa Je ugha
djrk gS_ I+kQly esa ykxr ugha yxkrk gS] yqxkbZ vkSj cPpksa dks
dke esa tksrdj fdl rjg [kqn xk¡o Hkj esa [kqys lk¡M+ dh rjg
?kwerk gS vkSj vc viuh eLrh osQ fy, fdl rjg Nksjk osQ thou
dh cfy p<+k jgk gSA ;g lc mUgkasus lquk;kA 25
nknk osQ gjsd roZQ dks nÙkk th jko us dkV fn;k vkSj eq>ls
dgk] ¶losjs ls rw ikB'kkyk tkrk jg] oqQN Hkh gks] iwjh I+kQhl Hkj
ns ml ekLVj dhA vkSj eu yxkdj i<+kbZ dj vkSj fdlh Hkh
rjg lky ugha ekjk tk,] bldk è;ku j[kA ;fn blus rq>s i<+us
ugha Hkstk rks lhèkk pyk vk bèkjA lqcg&'kke tks gks losQ] og
dke dj ;gk¡ vkSj ikB'kkyk tkrs jgukA eSa i<+km¡Qxk rq>sA blosQ
ikl ”kjk ”;knk cPps gks x, gSa blfy, rqEgkjs lkFk oqQÙkksa dh rjg
crkZo djrk gSA¸
¶eSaus euk dc fd;k gS th\ bldks ”kjk xyr&lyr vknr
iM+ xbZ Fkh blfy, ikB'kkyk ls fudkydj ”kjk u”kjksa osQ lkeus
j[k fy;k gSA¸
¶oSQlh vknrsa\¸
¶pkgs tSlhA ;gk¡&ogk¡ oqQN Hkh djrk gSA dHkh oaQMs csprk]
dHkh pkjk csprk] flusek ns[krk] dHkh [ksyus tkrkA [ksrh vkSj ?kj
osQ dke esa bldk fcyoqQy è;ku ugha gSA¸ nknk us esjs Åij
vpkud gYyk cksy fn;kA
¶D;ksa js Nksdjs\¸
¶ugha th! dHkh ,d ckj esys esa iVk ij iSls yxk fn, FksA
nknk rks dHkh Hkh flusek osQ fy, iSls ugha nsrs gSaA blfy, [ksr
ij xkscj chu&chudj ek¡ ls oaQMs Fkiok fy, Fks vkSj mUgsa cspdj
gh diM+s Hkh cuok, FksA mlh le; ,d ckj flusek Hkh x;k
FkkA¸ eSaus Hkh >wB&lp feykdj Bksad fn;kA
forku
¶vc ;g lc can dj vkSj flI+kZQ i<+kbZ esa eu yxkA uk ikl ugha gqvk gS dHkh\¸
¶ugha thA ikB'kkyk tkuk gh can djk fn;k blfy, ijh{kk esa ugha cSBk gw¡A¸
¶vPNk&vPNkA vc rw ?kj tk vkSj losjs ls ikB'kkyk tkus yxA¸
¶thA¸ eSa mB [kM+k gqvkA ckgj fudyrs&fudyrs eSaus lquk] ¶vjs] cPps dh tkr
26 gSA ,dkèk oDr flusek pyk x;k rks D;k gqvk\ ,dkèk ckj [ksyus esa yx x;k rks D;k
gqvk\ bl ckr ij mldk i<+uk&fy[kuk can dj nsuk gS D;k\¸
¶thA¸ vki dgrs gSa rks Hkst nsrk gw¡ dy lsA ns[krs gSa ,dkèk o"kZ esa oqQN lqèkkj gks
tk, rksA¸ nknk us eu ekjdj dgkA bl le; mldk dksbZ cl ugha pyk FkkA
26
[kkuk [kkrs&[kkrs nknk us eq>ls opu ys fy;kA ikB'kkyk X;kjg cts gksrh gSA fnu
fudyrs gh [ksr ij gkf”kj gksuk pkfg,A X;kjg cts rd ikuh yxkuk pkfg,A [ksr ij ls
lhèks ikB'kkyk igq¡pukA losjs vkrs le; gh i<+us dk cLrk ?kj ls ys vkukA Nq^h gksrs gh
tw>
?kj eas cLrk j[kdj lhèks [ksr ij vkdj ?kaVk Hkj <ksj pjkuk vkSj
dHkh [ksrksa esa ”;knk dke gqvk rks ikB'kkyk esa xSj&gkf”kjh yxkuk-
--le>s! ea”kwj gS dk\¸
¶gk¡¿A [ksr esa dke gksxk rks xSjgkf”kj jguk gh pkfg,A¸ eSa
,sls cksy jgk Fkk ekuks eq>s lkjh ckrsa ea”kwj gSaA eu vkuan ls meM+
jgk FkkA 27
¶gk¡¿] bruk ea”kwj gks rks ikB'kkyk tkukA ugha rks ;g

i<+uk&fy[kuk fdl dke dk\¸
¶eSa losjs&'kke [ksrksa ij vkrk jgw¡xk uA¸
¶gk¡] ;fn ugha vk;k fdlh fnu rks ns[k xk¡o esa tgk¡ feysxk
ogha oqQpyrk gw¡ fd ugha&rq>sA rsjs Åij i<+us dk Hkwr lokj gqvk
gSA eq>s ekywe gS] ckfyLVj ugha gksusokyk gS rw\¸ nknk ckj&ckj
oqQj&oqQj dj jgk Fkk&eSa pqipki xjnu uhph djosQ [kkus yxk FkkA
jksr&s èkksrs ikB'kkyk fiQj ls 'kq: gks xbZA xjeh&ljnh] gok&ikuh]
o"kkZ] Hkw[k&I;kl vkfn dk oqQN Hkh [k;ky u djrs gq, [ksrh osQ
dke dh pDdh esa] X;kjg ls ik¡p cts rd filrs jgus ls
NqVdkjk fey x;kA ml pDdh dh vis{kk ekLVj dh NM+h dh
ekj vPNh yxrh FkhA mls eSa e”ks ls lgu dj ysrk FkkA
nksigjh&Hkj dh dM+d èkwi dk le; ikB'kkyk dh Nk;k eas
O;rhr gks jgk Fkk&xjeh osQ nks eghus vkuan esa chr x,A
fiQj ls ik¡poha esa tkdj cSBus yxkA fiQj ls uke fy[kokus
dh ”k:jr ugha iM+hA îk¡poha ukikl* dh fVIi.kh uke osQ vkxs
fy[kh gqbZ FkhA og ik¡poha osQ gh gkf”kjh jftLVj esa fy[kk jg x;k
FkkA igys fnu d{kk esa x;k rks xyh osQ nks yM+dksa dks NksMd
+ j dksbZ
Hkh igpku dk ugha FkkA esjs lkFk osQ lHkh yM+oQs vkxs pys x, FksA
esjh vis{kk de mez osQ vkSj eSa ftUgsa de vdy dk le>rk Fkk]
mUgha osQ lkFk vc cSBuk iM+xs k] ;g ckr d{kk esa igqp ¡ us ij le>
esa vkbZA eu [k^k gks x;kA ckgjh&vifjfpr tSlk ,d csp a osQ ,d
forku
fljs ij dksus esa tk cSBkA ekLVj dkSu gS] bldk irk ugha FkkA iqjkuh fdrkcksa vkSj iqjkuh
dkfi;ksa dk ml d{kk ls dksbZ lacèa k ugha Fkkμ fiQj Hkh y_s osQ cus FkSys esa mUgsa ys vk;k
FkkA cl vas ij dksbZ yM+dk viuh iksVyh l¡Hkkys fdlh bar”kkj esa tSls cSBk gksrk gS] mlh
rjg eSa viuh i<+kbZ dh iqjkuh èkjksgj l¡Hkkys cSBk FkkA
¶D;k uke gS esgeku\ u;k fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;k xyrh ls bl d{kk esa vk cSBs gks\¸
28 d{kk osQ lcls ”;knk 'kjkjrh pàk.k osQ yM+osQ us lkeus vkdj f[kYyh mM+kus osQ Loj esa
iwNkA esjs è;ku esa vk;k fd esjh iks'kkd Hkh vtuch tSlh gSA ckyqxM+h dh yky ekVh osQ
jax esa eVeSyh gqbZ èkksrh vkSj xeNk igudj eSa vosQyk gh FkkA
28
¶ns[ksa&ns[ksa rqEgkjk xeNkA¸ dgrs gq, mlus esjk xeNk2 [khap fy;kA---x;k vc esjk
xeNkA iwjh d{kk esa bldh [khapkrkuh gksxh vkSj iQV tk,xkA eu esa eSa ;g lkspdj jQvk¡lk
gks x;kA ysfdu oSlk oqQN gqvk ughaA ml yM+osQ us mls vius flj ij yisV fy;k vkSj
ekLVj dh udy djrs gq, mls mrkjdj Vscy ij j[kdj vius flj ij gkFk IksQjrs gq,
gq''k¿¿ dh vkok”k dhA brus esa ekLVj vk x, vkSj og xqaMk >V ls viuh txg ij tk
cSBkA esjk xeNk Vscy ij gh jgkA igys fnu gh bl ?kVuk us esjs fny dh èkM+du c<+k
nh vkSj Nkrh esa èkd&èkd gksus yxhA
j.kuojs ekLVj d{kk esa vk,A Vscy ij eVeSyk xeNk ns[kdj mUgksua s iwNk] ¶fdldk gS js\¸
¶esjk gS ekLVjA¸
¶rw dkSu gS\¸
¶eSa tdkrsA fiNys lky I+ksQy gksdj blh d{kk esa cSBk gw¡A¸
¶xeNk ys tk igysA¸ mlus NM+h ls esjk xeNk mBkdj uhps Mky fn;kA eSa mls
mBkus x;k rks dgk] ¶;gk¡ D;ksa j[kk gS ew[kks± dh rjg\¸
¶eSaus ugha j[kk ekLVj] ml yM+osQ us esjs flj ls Nhu fy;k vkSj ;gk¡ j[k fn;k gSA¸
¶;g pàk.k dk cPpk fcuk ckr osQ mBd&iVd djrk gSA¸ dgrs gq, ekLVj ml
yM+osQ dh vksj pys x,A
ekLVj us esjs ckjs esa vkSj Hkh iwNrkN dh vkSj okeu iafMr dh dfork i<+kus yxsA
2- irys diM+s dk rkSfy;k

tw>
chp dh Nq^h esa esjh èkksrh dh dkN ml yM+osQ us nks ckj

[khapus dh dksf'k'k dhA ysfdu eSa fiQj nhokj dh rjI+kQ ihB
djosQ tk cSBk rks iwjh Nq^h gksus ls igys mBk gh ughaA f[kykSus
osQ fy, cuk, x, dkSvk osQ cPps dks [kqys esa j[k nsus ij tSls
dkS, pkjksa vksj ls ml ij pksap ekjrs gSa] oSlk gh esjk gky gks
x;kA esjh gh ikB'kkyk eq>s pksap ekj&ekjdj ?kk;y dj jgh FkhA 29
?kj tkrs le; lksp jgk Fkk fd yM+osQ esjh f[kYyh mM+krs
gSaμèkksrh [khaprs gSaμxeNk [khaprs gSa] rks bl rjg dSls fuckg
gksxk---\ ugha tkm¡Qxk ,slh ikB'kkyk esaA blls rks viuk [ksr gh
vPNk gSμpqipki dke djrs jgksA xyh osQ nks gh yM+osQ gSa d{kk
esa] os Hkh eq>ls Hkh de”kksj gSaA os D;k enn djsaxs\---
eu mnkl gks x;kA pkSFkh ls ik¡poha rd ikB'kkyk viuh
yxrh FkhA ysfdu vc og ,dne ijkbZ&ijkbZ tSlh yxus yxh
gSA viuk ogk¡ dksbZ ugha gSA
losjs gks tkus ij eSa meax esa FkkμfiQj ls ikB'kkyk pyk
x;kA ek¡ osQ ihNs iM+dj ,d u;h Vksih vkSj nks ukM+hokyh pah
eSy[kkÅ jax dh vkB fnu esa e¡xok yhA pah igudj ikB'kkyk
esa vkSj èkksrh igudj [ksr ij tkuk 'kq: gqvkA èkhjs&èkhjs yM+dksa
ls ifjp; c<+ x;kA
ea=kh uked ekLVj d{kk vè;kid osQ :i esa chp esa vk,A
os çk;% NM+h dk mi;ksx ugha djrs FksA gkFk ls xjnu idM+dj
ihB ij ?kwlk yxkrs FksA ihB ij ,d ”kksj dk cSBrs gh yM+dk
gwd Hkjus yxrkA yM+dksa osQ eu esa mudh ng'kr cSBh gqbZ FkhA
blosQ dkj.k Åèke djus okys yM+dksa dks çk;% ekSdk ugha feyrk
FkkA i<+us okys yM+dksa dks 'kkck'kh feyus yxhA ea=kh ekLVj xf.kr
i<+krs FksA ,dkèk loky xyr gks tkrk rks mls os vius ikl
cqykdj le>k nsrsA ,dkèk yM+osQ dh dksbZ ew[kZrk fn[kkbZ nh rks
os mls ogha Bksad nsrsA blfy, lHkh dk ilhuk NwVus yxrkA lHkh
yM+osQ ?kj ls i<+kbZ djosQ vkus yxsA
forku
olar ikVhy uke dk ,d yM+dk 'kjhj ls nqcyk&iryk] ¯drq cM+k gksf'k;kj FkkA
mlosQ loky ges'kk lgh fudyrs FksA LoHkko ls 'kkarA ges'kk i<+us esa yxk jgrkA ?kj ls
iwjh rS;kjh djosQ vkrk gksxkA nwljksa osQ lokyksa dh tk¡p djrk FkkA ekLVj us mls d{kk
ekWuhVj cuk fn;k FkkA ges'kk igyh csap ij cSBrk fcyoqQy ekLVj osQ iklA d{kk esa mldk
lEeku FkkA
30 eq>s ;g yM+dk esjh vis{kk NksVk yxrk Fkk---eSa mlls igys gh ik¡poha esa igq¡p x;k
FkkA xyrh ls fiNM+ x;k gw¡ eSaA blfy, ekLVj dks d{kk dh ekWuhVjh esjs gkFk esa lkSaiuh
pkfg,] eq>s ,slk yxus yxkA nwljh vksj ;g Hkh yxrk Fkk fd eq>s nks eghus esa ik¡poha dh
iwjh rS;kjh djosQ vPNh rjg ikl gksuk gSA d{kk esa naxk djuk vkSj i<+kbZ dh mis{kk djuk
30 esjs fy, equkflc ughaA ge rks bl d{kk esa Åijh gSa] ;g ugha Hkwyuk pkfg,A
bu lc ckrksa osQ dkj.k esjk lkjk è;ku i<+kbZ dh vksj gh jgk vkSj olar ikfVy dh
rjg gh i<+kbZ dk dke djus yxkA eSaus viuh fdrkcksa ij v[kckjh dkx”k osQ doj p<+k
fn,A viuk cLrk O;ofLFkr j[kus yxkA ges'kk oqQN&u&oqQN i<+us cSBrk FkkA mlus ;fn
d{kk esa dksbZ 'kkck'kh dk dke fd;k rks eSa Hkh nwljs fnu oSlk gh oqQN djus yxkA eu
dh ,dkxzrk osQ dkj.k xf.kr >ViV le> esa vkus yxk vkSj loky lgh gksus yxsA
dHkh&dHkh olar ikVhy osQ lkFk&lkFk] ,d rjI+kQ ls og rks nwljh rjI+kQ ls eSa yM+dksa
osQ loky tk¡pus yxkA blosQ dkj.k esjh vkSj olar dh nksLrh te xbZA ,d&nwljs dh
lgk;rk ls d{kk esa ge vusd dke djus yxsA ekLVj eq>s ^vkuank* dgdj cqykus yxsA
eq>s igyh ckj fdlh us ^vkuank* dgdj iqdkjkA ek¡ dHkh ^vkuank* dgrh] ijUrq cgqr deA
ekLVjksa osQ bl viusiu osQ O;ogkj osQ dkj.k vkSj olar dh nksLrh osQ dkj.k ikB'kkyk esa esjk
fo'okl c<+us yxkA
u-ok-lkSanyxsdj ekLVj ejkBh i<+kus vkrs FksA i<+krs le; os Lo;a je tkrs FksA
fo'ks"kr% os dfork cgqr gh vPNs <ax ls i<+krs FksA lqjhyk xyk] Nan dh cf<+;k pky vkSj
mlosQ lkFk gh jfldrk Fkh muosQ iklA iqjkuh&u;h ejkBh dforkvksa osQ lkFk&lkFk mUgsa
vusd vaxzs”kh dfork,¡ oaQBLFk FkhaA vusd Nanksa dh y;] xfr] rky mUgsa vPNh rjg vkrs
FksA igys os ,dkèk dfork xkdj lqukrs FksμfiQj cSBs&cSBs vfHku; osQ lkFk dfork dk Hkko
xzg.k djkrsA mlh Hkko dh fdlh vU; dfo dh dfork Hkh lqukdj fn[kkrsA chp esa dfo
;'koar] ck-Hk-cksjdj] Hkk-jk- rk¡cs] fxjh'k] osQ'ko oqQekj vkfn osQ lkFk viuh eqykdkr osQ
laLej.k lqukrsA os Lo;a Hkh dfork djrs FksA ;kn vk xbZ rks os viuh Hkh ,dkèk lquk
tw>
nsrsA ;g lc lqurs gq,] vuqHko djrs gq,] eq>s viuk Hkku gh

ugha jgrk FkkA eSa viuh vk¡[kksa vkSj dkuksa esa çk.kksa dh lkjh 'kfDr
yxk dj&ne jksddj ekLVj osQ gko&Hkko] èofu] xfr] pky vkSj
jl ihrk jgrkA
lqcg&'kke [ksr ij ikuh yxkrs gq, ;k <ksj pjkrs gq,
vosQys esa [kqys xys ls os lkjh dfork,¡ ekLVj osQ gh gko&Hkko] 31
;fr&xfr3 vkSj vkjksg&vojksg osQ vuqlkj gh xkrkA mu dforkvksa
osQ vFkks± ls [ksyrk gqvk eSa vkxs&ihNs vkrk&tkrk FkkA ekLVj ftl
çdkj cSBs&cSBs gh vfHku; djrs Fks] eSa ikuh yxkrs&yxkrs oSlk
vfHku; djrk FkkA D;kfj;k¡ ikuh ls dc dh Hkj xbZ gSa] bldk
Hkku Hkh ugha jgrk FkkA ekLVj dh pky ij nwljh dfork,¡ Hkh
i<+h tk ldrh gSa] bldk irk Hkh eq>s mlh le; pykA
bu dforkvksa osQ lkFk [ksyrs gq, eq>s nks cM+h 'kfDr;k¡ çkIr
gqb±μigys <ksj pjkrs gq,] ikuh yxkrs gq,] nwljs dke djrs gq,]
vosQykiu cgqr [kVdrk Fkkμfdlh osQ lkFk cksyrs gq,] xi'ki
djrs gq,] g¡lh&e”kkd djrs gq, dke djuk vPNk yxrk
Fkkμges'kk dksbZ&u&dksbZ lkFk esa gksuk pkfg,] ,slk yxrk FkkA
ysfdu vc vosQysiu ls dksbZ Åc ugha gksrhA eSa vius vki ls
gh [ksyus yxkA mYkVk vc rks ,slk yxus yxk fd ftruk vosQyk
jgw¡] mruk vPNkA bl dkj.k dfork m¡Qph vkok”k esa xkbZ tk
losQxhA fdlh Hkh rjg dk vfHku; fd;k tk losQxkA dfork
xkrs&xkrs FkqbZ&FkqbZ djosQ ukpk tk ldrk FkkA eSa lpeqp gh ukpus
yxrk FkkA eSaus vusd dforkvksa dks viuh [kqn dh pky esa xkuk
'kq: fd;kA vuar dk.ksdj dh dfork] ftldh igyh iafDr bl
çdkj gS&¶pk¡n jkr ilfjrs ik¡<jh xk;k èkj.khojh¸ dks eSaus ekLVj
dh pky ls vyx viuh pky eas fcBkdj xkbZA ;g pky ,d
flusek osQ xkus osQ vkèkkj ij FkhA og xkuk] ôsQ'ko dj.kh tkfr*
uked Nan esa FkkA ml dfork dks eSa ekLVj dh vis{kk ”;knk
3- dfork esa #dus ,oa vkxs c<+us osQ fu;e

forku
vfHku; osQ lkFk xkrk Fkkμpsgjs ij dfork osQ Hkko iSnk djus dk ç;Ru djrk FkkA ekLVj
dks esjk ç;Ru bruk vPNk yxk fd mUgksua s NBh&lkroha d{kk osQ lHkh yM+dksa osQ lkeus eq>s
cqykdj xok;kA ikB'kkyk osQ ,d lekjksg esa Hkh mls xok;k---blosQ dkj.k eq>s yxk fd esjs
oqQN u, ia[k fudy vk, gSAa
ekLVj Lo;a dfork djrs FksA vusd ejkBh dfo;ksa osQ dkO;&laxzg muosQ ?kj esa FksA
32 os mu dfo;ksa osQ pfj=k vkSj muosQ laLej.k crk;k djrs FksA blosQ dkj.k ;s dfo yksx
eq>s ^vkneh* gh yxus yxs FksA [kqn lkSanyxsdj ekLVj dfo FksA blfy, ;g fo'okl gqvk
32
fd dfo Hkh vius tSlk gh ,d gkM+&ek¡l dk_ Øksèk&yksHk dk euq"; gh gksrk gSA eq>s Hkh
yxk fd eSa Hkh dfork dj ldrk gw¡A ekLVj osQ njok”ks ij NkbZ gqbZ ekyrh dh csy ij
ekLVj us ,d dfork fy[kh FkhA og dfork vkSj og yrk eSaus nksuksa gh ns[kh FkhA blosQ
dkj.k eq>s yxrk Fkk fd vius vklikl] vius xk¡o eas] vius [ksrksa esa] fdrus gh ,sls n`';
gSa ftu ij eSa dfork cuk ldrk gw¡A ;g lc oqQN vutkus esa gh gksrk jgrk FkkA HkSal
pjkrs&pjkrs eSa I+kQlyksa ij] taxyh iQwyksa ij rqdcanh djus yxkA mUgsa ”kksj ls xquxqukrk Hkh
Fkk vkSj ekLVj dks fn[kkus Hkh yxkA dfork fy[kus osQ fy, [khlk esa dkx”k vkSj isafly
j[kus yxkA dHkh og u gksrs rks ydM+h osQ NksVs VqdM+s ls HkSal dh ihB ij js[kk [khapdj
tw>
fy[krk Fkk ;k iRFkj dh f'kyk ij oaQdM+ ls fy[k ysrkA tc

oaQBLFk gks tkrh rks iksaN nsrkA fdlh jfookj osQ fnu ,dkèk
dfork cu tkrh rks lkseokj osQ fnu ekLVj dks fn[kkrkA
cgqr ckj rks losjk gksus rd dk èkhjt NwV tkrk vkSj eSa jkr
dks gh ekLVj osQ ?kj tkdj dfork fn[kkrkA os mls ns[krs vkSj
'kkck'kh nsrsA vkSj fiQj dHkh&dHkh rks dfork osQ 'kkL=k ij ,d 33
iwjh egfI+kQy gks tkrhA cksyrs&cksyrs ekLVj crkrsμdfo dh Hkk"kk
oSQlh gksuh pkfg,] laLo`Qr Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx dfork osQ fy, fdl
rjg gksrk gS] Nan dh tkfr dSls igpkusa] mldk y;Øe oSQls
ns[ksa] vyadkjksa esa lw{e ckrsa oSQlh gksrh gSa] vyadkjksa dk Hkh ,d
'kkL=k gksrk gS] dfo dks 'kq¼ ys[ku djuk D;ksa t:jh gksrk gS] 'kq¼
ys[ku osQ fu;e D;k gSa] vkfn vusd fo"k;ksa ij os lgt ckrsa
crkrs jgrsA eq>s muosQ çfr viukik vuqHko gksrkA os eq>s iqLrd
nsrsA vyx&vyx çdkj osQ dfork&laxzg nsrsA mUgksaus dbZ u;h
rjg dh dfork,¡ lqukbZa rks yxk eSa bl <jsZ ij dfork cukm¡QA
fiQj rks lkjs fnu ml fn'kk esa esjh dksf'k'k pyrhA bu ckrksa ls
eSa lkSanyxsdj ekLVj osQ cgqr u”knhd igq¡p x;k vkSj tkus&vutkus
esjh ejkBh Hkk"kk lqèkjus yxhA mls fy[krs le; eSa cgqr lpsr
jgus yxkA vyadkj] Nan] y; vkfn dks lw{erk ls ns[kus yxkA
'kCnksa dk u'kk p<+us yxk vkSj ,slk yxus yxk fd eu esa dksbZ
eèkqj cktk ctrk jgrk gSA
μvuqokn osQ'ko izFke ohj
forku
vH;kl
1- ^tw>* 'kh"kZd osQ vkSfpR; ij fopkj djrs gq, ;g Li"V djsa fd D;k ;g 'kh"kZd dFkk uk;d
dh fdlh osaQnzh; pkfjf=kd fo'ks"krk dks mtkxj djrk gS\
2- Lo;a dfork jp ysus dk vkRefo'okl ys[kd osQ eu esa oSQls iSnk gqvk\
3- Jh lkSanyxsdj osQ vè;kiu dh mu fo'ks"krkvksa dks js[kkafdr djsa ftUgksaus dforkvksa osQ izfr
34 yss[kd osQ eu esa jQfp txkbZA
4- dfork osQ izfr yxko ls igys vkSj mlosQ ckn vosQysiu osQ izfr ys[kd dh èkkj.kk esa D;k cnyko
vk;k\
5- vkiosQ [k;ky ls i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ osQ lacèa k esa ys[kd vkSj nÙkk th jko dk joS;k lgh Fkk ;k ys[kd
34 osQ firk dk\ roZQ lfgr mÙkj nsaA
6- nÙkk th jko ls firk ij ncko Myokus osQ fy, ys[kd vkSj mldh ek¡ dks ,d >wB dk lgkjk
ysuk iM+kA ;fn >wB dk lgkjk u ysuk iM+rk rks vkxs dk ?kVukozQe D;k gksrk\ vuqeku yxk,¡A

vkse Fkkuoh
vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
v Hkh Hkh eqvutks&nM+ks1 vkSj gM+Iik2 izkphu

Hkkjr osQ gh ugha] nqfu;k osQ nks lcls iqjkus fu;ksftr 'kgj ekus tkrss gSaA ;s flaèkq ?kkVh
lH;rk osQ ijorhZ ;kuh ifjiDo nkSj osQ 'kgj gSaA [kqnkbZ esa vkSj 'kgj Hkh feys gSaA ysfdu
eqvutks&nM+ks rkez dky osQ 'kgjksa esa lcls cM+k gSA og lcls mRo`Q"V Hkh gSA O;kid
[kqnkbZ ;gha ij laHko gqbZA cM+h rknkn esa bekjras] lM+osaQ] èkkrq&iRFkj dh ewfrZ;k¡] pkd ij
cus fpf=kr HkkaMs] eqgjsa] lk”kks&lkeku vkSj f[kykSus vkfn feysA lH;rk dk vè;;u laHko
gqvkA mèkj lSdM+ksa ehy nwj gM+Iik osQ ”;knkrj lk{; jsyykbu fcNus osQ nkSjku ^fodkl
dh HksaV p<+ x,A*
eqvutks&nM+ks osQ ckjs esa èkkj.kk gS fd vius nkSj esa og ?kkVh dh lH;rk dk osaQnz
jgk gksxkA ;kuh ,d rjg dh jktèkkuhA ekuk tkrk gS ;g 'kgj nks lkS gSDVj {ks=k esa iSQyk
FkkA vkcknh dksbZ ipklh g”kkj FkhA ”kkfgj gS] ik¡p g”kkj lky igys ;g vkt osQ êgkuxj*
dh ifjHkk"kk dks Hkh yk¡?krk gksxkA
fnypLi ckr ;g gS fd flaèkq ?kkVh eSnku dh laLo`Qfr Fkh] ij iwjk eqvutks&nM+ks
NksVs&eksVs Vhyksa ij vkckn FkkA ;s Vhys izko`Qfrd ugha FksA dPph vkSj iDdh nksuksa rjg dh
1- ikfdLrku osQ ¯l/ izkar esa fLFkr iqjkrkfÙod LFkku] tgk¡ ¯l/q ?kkVh lH;rk clh FkhA eqvutks&nM+ks dk
vFkZ gS eqqnks± dk VhykA orZeku le; esa bls eksgutksnM+ks osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
2- ikfdLrku osQ iatkc izkar dk iqjkrkfÙod LFkku] tgk¡ ¯l/q ?kkVh lH;rk dk nwljk izeq[k uxj clk Fkk
forku
bZaVksa ls èkjrh dh lrg dks m¡Qpk mBk;k x;k Fkk] rkfd flaèkq dk ikuh ckgj ilj vk, rks
mlls cpk tk losQA
eqvutks&nM+ks dh [kwch ;g gS fd bl vkfne 'kgj dh lM+dksa vkSj xfy;ksa esa vki
vkt Hkh ?kwe&fiQj ldrs gSaA ;gk¡ dh lH;rk vkSj laLo`Qfr dk lkeku Hkys vtk;c?kjksa dh
eqvutks&nM+ks
36 dh ,d xyh
'kksHkk c<+k jgk gks] 'kgj

eqvutks&nM+ks dh ,d eq[; tgk¡ Fkk vc Hkh ogha gSA
lM+d tks 33 iQhV pkSM+h gS vki bldh fdlh Hkh nhokj
ij ihB fVdk dj lqLrk
ldrs gSaA og ,d [kaMgj
D;ksa u gks] fdlh ?kj dh
nsgjh ij ik¡o j[kdj vki
lglk lge ldrs gSa] jlksbZ
dh f[kM+dh ij [kM+s gksdj
mldh xaèk eglwl dj
ldrs gSaA ;k 'kgj osQ fdlh
vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
lqulku ekxZ ij dku nsdj ml cSyxkM+h dh jQu&>qu lqu ldrs

gSa ftls vkius iqjkrÙo dh rlohjksa esa fe^h osQ jax esa ns[kk gSA
lp gS fd ;gk¡ fdlh vk¡xu dh VwVh&iwQVh lhf<+;k¡ vc vkidks
dgha ugha ys tkrha_ os vkdk'k dh rjI+kQ vèkwjh jg tkrh gSaA
ysfdu mu vèkwjs ik;nkuksa ij [kM+s gksdj vuqHko fd;k tk ldrk
gS fd vki nqfu;k dh Nr ij gSa_ ogk¡ ls vki bfrgkl dks ugha] 37
mlosQ ikj >k¡d jgs gSaA
lcls m¡Qps pcwrjs ij cM+k ckS¼ Lrwi gSA exj ;g eqvutks&nM+ks
dh lH;rk osQ fc[kjus osQ ckn ,d th.kZ&'kh.kZ Vhys ij cukA
dksbZ iphl iqQV m¡Qps pcwrjs ij NCchl lnh igys cuh bZaVksa osQ
ne ij Lrwi dks vkdkj fn;k x;kA pcwrjs ij fHk{kqvksa osQ dejs
Hkh gSaA 1922 esa tc jk[kkynkl cuthZ ;gk¡ vk,] rc os blh
Lrwi dh [kkstchu djuk pkgrs FksA blosQ fxnZ [kqnkbZ 'kq: djus
osQ ckn mUgsa bygke3 gqvk fd ;gk¡ bZlk iwoZ osQ fu'kku gSaA
Hkkjrh; iqjkrÙo losZ{k.k osQ egkfuns'kd tkWu ek'kZy osQ funsZ'k ij
[kqnkbZ dk O;kid vfHk;ku 'kq: gqvkA èkhes&èkhes ;g [kkst
fo'ks"kKksa dks flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk dh nsgjh ij ys vkbZA bl [kkst
us Hkkjr dks felz vkSj eslksiksVkfe;k (bjkd) dh izkphu lH;rkvksa
osQ led{k yk [kM+k fd;kA nqfu;k dh izkphu lH;rk gksus osQ
Hkkjr osQ nkos oQks iqjkrÙo dk oSKkfud vkèkkj fey x;kA
i;ZVd c¡xys ls ,d lfiZy ixMaMh ikj dj ge lcls
igys blh Lrwi ij ig¡qpsA igyh gh >yd us gesa viyd dj
fn;kA bls ukxj Hkkjr dk lcls iqjkuk ySaMLosQi dgk x;k gSA ;g
'kk;n lcls jksekapd Hkh gSA u vkdk'k cnyk gS] u èkjrhA ij
fdruh lH;rk,¡] bfrgkl vkSj dgkfu;k¡ cny xb±A bl Bgjs gq,
n`'; esa g”kkjksa lky ls ysdj iyHkj igys rd dh èkM+du clh
gqbZ gSA bls ns[kdj lquk tk ldrk gSA Hkys gh fdlh txg osQ
ckjs esa geus fdruk i<+&lqu j[kk gks] rlohjsa ;k o`Ùkfp=k ns[ks gksa]
3- vuqHkwfr
forku
ns[kuk viuh vk¡[k ls ns[kuk gSA ckdh lc vk¡[k dk >iduk gSA tSls ;k=kk vius ik¡o
pyuk gS] ckdh lc rks dne&rky gSA
ekSle tkM+s dk Fkk ij nqigj dh èkwi cgqr dM+h FkhA lkjs vkye dks tSls ,d iQhosQ
jax esa jaxus dh dksf'k'k djrh gqbZ A ;g bykdk jktLFkku ls cgqr feyrk&tqyrk gSA jsr
osQ Vhys ugha gSaA [ksrksa dk gjkiu ;gk¡ gSA exj ckdh ogh [kqyk vkdk'k] lwuk ifjos'k_ èkwy]
ccwy vkSj ”;knk BaM] ”;knk xjehA exj ;gk¡ dh èkwi dk fetk”k tqnk gSA jktLFkku dh
èkwi ikjn'khZ gSA flaèk dh èkwi pkSafèk;krh gSA rlohj mrkjrs oDr vki oSQejs esa ”k:jh iq”ksZ
u ?kqek,¡ rks ,slk tku iM+sxk tSls n`';ksa osQ jax mM+s gq, gksaA
ij blls ,d Ik+ Qk;nk gqvkA gesa gj n`'; ij u”kjsa nqckjk fiQjkuh iM+rh A bl rjg
38 ckj&ckj fugkjsa rks n`'; ”ksgu esa ,sls Bgjrs gSa ekuks rlohj ns[kdj mudh ;kn rk”kk djus
dh dHkh ”k:jr u iM+sA
Lrwi okyk pcwrjk eqvutks&nM+ks osQ lcls [kkl fgLls osQ ,d fljs ij fLFkr gSA bl
fgLls dks iqjkrÙo osQ fo}ku ^x<+* dgrs gSaA pkjnhokjh osQ Hkhrj ,sfrgkfld 'kgjksa osQ
lÙkk&osaQnz vofLFkr gksrs Fks] pkgs og jktlÙkk gks ;k èkeZlÙkkA ckdh 'kgj x<+ ls oqQN nwj
cls gksrs FksA D;k ;g jkLrk Hkh nqfu;k oQks eqvutks&nM+ks us fn[kk;k\
eqvutks&nM+ks esa ckS¼ Lrwi

vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
lHkh vge vkSj vc nqfu;k&Hkj esa izfl¼ bekjrksa osQ

[kaMgj pcwrjs osQ ihNs ;kuh if'pe esa gSaA buesa îz'kklfud*
bekjrsa] lHkk Hkou] Kku'kkyk vkSj dksBkj gSaA og vuq"Bkfud
egkoqaQM Hkh tks flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk osQ vf}rh; okLrqdkS'ky dks
LFkkfir djus osQ fy, vosQyk gh dkI+kQh ekuk tkrk gSA vly esa
;gk¡ ;gh ,d fuekZ.k gS tks vius ewy Lo:i osQ cgqr u”knhd 39
cpk jg ldk gSA ckdh bekjrsa bruh mtM+h gqbZ gSa fd dYiuk
vkSj cjken ph”kksa osQ tksM+ ls muosQ mi;ksx dk vank”kk Hkj
yxk;k tk ldrk gSA
uxj fu;kstu dh eqvutks&nM+ks vuwBh felky gSA bl dFku
dk eryc vki cM+s pcwrjs ls uhps dh rjI+kQ ns[krs gq, lgt
gh Hkk¡i ldrs gSaA bekjrsa Hkys [kaMgjksa esa cny pqdh gksa exj
^'kgj* dh lM+dksa vkSj xfy;ksa osQ foLrkj dks Li"V djus osQ fy,
;s [kaMgj dkI+kQh gSaA ;gk¡ dh dekscs'k lkjh lM+osaQ lhèkh gSa ;k
fiQj vkM+hA vkt okLrqdkj bls ^fxzM Iyku* dgrs gSaA vkt dh
lsDVj&ekdkZ dkWyksfu;ksa esa gesa vkM+k&lhèkk ^fu;kstu* cgqr feyrk
gSA ysfdu og jgu&lgu dks uhjl cukrk gSA 'kgjksa esa fu;kstu
osQ uke ij Hkh gesa vjktdrk ”;knk gkFk yxrh gSA czklhfy;k ;k
paMhx<+ vkSj bLykekckn ^fxzM* 'kSyh osQ 'kgj gSa tks vkèkqfud
uxj fu;kstu osQ izfreku Bgjk, tkrs gSa] ysfdu mudh clkoV
'kgj osQ [kqn fodlus dk fdruk vodk'k NksM+rh gS bl ij
cgqr 'kadk izdV dh tkrh gSA
eqvutks&nM+ks dh lk{kj lH;rk ,d lqlaLo`Qr lekt dh
LFkkiuk Fkh] ysfdu mlesa uxj fu;kstu vkSj okLrqdyk dh
vkf[kj fdruh Hkwfedk Fkh\
Lrwi okys pcwrjs osQ ihNs ^x<+* vkSj Bhd lkeus ^mPp*
oxZ dh cLrh gSA mlosQ ihNs ik¡p fdyksehVj nwj flaèkq cgrh gSA
iwjc dh bl cLrh ls nf{k.k dh rjI+kQ u”kj nkSM+krs gq, iwjk ihNs
?kwe tk,¡ rks vkidks eqvutks&nM+ks osQ [kaMgj gj txg fn[kkbZ
nsaxsA nf{k.k esa tks VwVs&iwQVs ?kjksa dk te?kV gS] og dkexkjksa dh
forku
cLrh gSA dgk tk ldrk gS brj oxZ dhA laiUu lekt esa oxZ Hkh gksaxsA ysfdu D;k fuEu
oxZ ;gk¡ ugha Fkk\ dgrs gSa] fuEu oxZ osQ ?kj bruh e”kcwr lkexzh osQ ugha jgs gksaxs fd
ik¡p g”kkj lky fVd losaQA mudh cfLr;k¡ vkSj nwj jgh gksaxhA ;g Hkh gS fd lkS lky esa
vc rd bl bykosQ osQ ,d&frgkbZ fgLls dh [kqnkbZ gh gks ikbZ gSA vc og Hkh can gks
pqdh gSA
ge igys Lrwi osQ Vhys ls egkoqaQM osQ fogkj dh fn'kk esa mrjsA nkbZa rjIk+ Q ,d yach
xyh nh[krh gSA blosQ vkxs egkoqaQM gSA irk ugha lk;kl gS ;k la;ksx fd èkjksgj osQ
izcaèkdksa us ml xyh dk uke nSo ekxZ (fMfofufV LVªhV) j[kk gSA ekuk tkrk gS fd ml
lH;rk esa lkewfgd Luku fdlh vuq"Bku dk vax gksrk FkkA oqaQM djhc pkyhl IkqQV yack
40 vkSj iPphl iqQV pkSM+k gSA xgjkbZ lkr IkqQVA oqaQM esa mÙkj vkSj nf{k.k ls lhf<+;k¡ mrjrh
gSaA blosQ rhu rjI+kQ lkèkqvksa osQ d{k cus gq, gSaA mÙkj esa nks ik¡r esa vkB Luku?kj gSaA buesa
fdlh dk }kj nwljs osQ lkeus ugha [kqyrkA fl¼ okLrqdyk dk ;g Hkh ,d uewuk gSA
eqvutks&nM+ks dk izfl¼ ty oqaQM

bl oqaQM esa [kkl ckr iDdh b±Vksa dk teko gSA oqaQM dk ikuh fjl u losQ vkSj ckgj
dk ^v'kq¼* ikuh oqaQM esa u vk,] blosQ fy, oqaQM osQ ry esa vkSj nhokjksa ij b±Vksa osQ
chp pwus vkSj fpjksM+h osQ xkjs dk bLrseky gqvk gSA ik'oZ dh nhokjksa osQ lkFk nwljh nhokj
[kM+h dh xbZ gS ftlesa lI+ksQn Mkej dk iz;ksx gSA oqaQM osQ ikuh osQ cankscLr osQ fy, ,d
rjI+kQ oqQvk¡ gSA nksgjs ?ksjs okyk ;g vosQyk oqQvk¡ gSA bls Hkh oqaQM osQ ifo=k ;k vuq"Bkfud
gksus dk izek.k ekuk x;k gSA oqaQM ls ikuh dks ckgj cgkus osQ fy, ukfy;k¡ gSaA budh
[kkfl;r ;g gS fd ;s Hkh iéïh b±Vksa ls cuh gSa vkSj b±Vksa ls <dh Hkh gSaA
vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
ty fudklh dk mUur izca/ tks

¯l/q ?kkVh dh vuwBh fo'ks"krk gS
41
iDdh vkSj vkdkj esa le:i èkwlj b±Vas rks flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk dh
fof'k‘ igpku ekuh gh xbZ gS]a <dh gqbZ ukfy;ksa dk mYys[k Hkh
iqjkrkfÙod fo}ku vkSj bfrgkldkj ”kksj nsdj djrs gSAa ikuh&fudklh
dk ,slk lqO;ofLFkr cankscLr blls igys osQ bfrgkl esa ugha feyrkA
egkoqaQM osQ ckn geus ^x<+* dh îfjØek* dhA oqaQM osQ
nwljh rjI+kQ fo'kky dksBkj gSA dj osQ :i esa gkfly vukt
'kk;n ;gk¡ tek fd;k tkrk FkkA blosQ fuekZ.k :i [kkldj
pkSfd;ksa vkSj goknkjh dks ns[kdj ,slk d;kl yxk;k x;k gSA ;gk¡
ukS&ukS pkSfd;ksa dh rhu drkjsa gSaA mÙkj esa ,d xyh gS tgk¡
cSyxkfM+;ksa dkμftuosQ iz;ksx osQ lk{; feys gSaμ<qykbZ osQ fy,
vkokxeu gksrk gksxkA Bhd blh rjg dk dksBkj gM+Iik esa Hkh
ik;k x;k gSA
vc ;g tx”kkfgj gS fd flaèkq ?kkVh osQ nkSj esa O;kikj gh
ugha] mUur [ksrh Hkh gksrh FkhA cjlksa ;g ekuk tkrk jgk fd flaèkq
forku
?kkVh osQ yksx vÂ mitkrs ugha Fks] mldk vk;kr djrs FksA u;h [kkst us bl [k;ky dks
fueZwy lkfcr fd;k gSA cfYd vc oqQN fo}ku ekurs gSa fd og ewyr% [ksfrgj vkSj
i'kqikyd lH;rk gh FkhA yksgk 'kq: esa ugha Fkk ij iRFkj vkSj rk¡cs dh cgqrk;r FkhA iRFkj
flaèk esa gh Fkk] rk¡cs dh [kkusa jktLFkku esa FkhaA buosQ midj.k [ksrh&ckM+h esa iz;ksx fd,
tkrs FksA tcfd feÏ vkSj lqesj esa pded vkSj ydM+h osQ midj.k bLrseky gksrs FksA
bfrgkldkj bjI+kQku gchc osQ eqrkfcd ;gk¡ osQ yksx jch dh I+kQly ysrs FksA dikl] xsgw¡]
tkS] ljlksa vkSj pus dh mit osQ iq[rk lcwr [kqnkbZ esa feys gSaA og lH;rk dk rj&;qx
Fkk tks èkhes&èkhes lw[ks esa <y x;kA
fo}kuksa dk ekuuk gS fd ;gk¡ Tokj] cktjk vkSj jkxh dh mit Hkh gksrh FkhA yksx
42
[ktwj] [kjcw”ks vkSj vaxwj mxkrs FksA >kfM+;ksa ls csj tek djrs FksA dikl dh [ksrh Hkh gksrh
FkhA dikl dks NksM+dj ckdh lcosQ cht feys gSa vkSj mUgsa ij[kk x;k gSA dikl osQ cht
rks ugha] ij lwrh diM+k feyk gSA ;s nqfu;k esa lwr osQ nks lcls iqjkus uewuksa esa ,d gSA
nwljk lwrh diM+k rhu g”kkj bZlk iwoZ dk gS tks tkWMZu esa feykA eqvutks&nM+ks esa lwr dh
drkbZ&cqukbZ osQ lkFk jaxkbZ Hkh gksrh FkhA jaxkbZ dk ,d NksVk dkj[kkuk [kqnkbZ esa ekèkksLo:i
oRl dks feyk FkkA NkyVh (fyuu) vkSj mQu dgrs gSa ;gk¡ lqesj ls vk;kr gksrs FksA 'kk;n
lwr mudks fu;kZr gksrk gksA tSlk fd ckn esa flaèk ls eè; ,f'k;k vkSj ;wjksi dks lfn;ksa
gqvkA izlaxo'k] eslksiksVkfe;k osQ f'kykys[kksa esa eqvutks&nM+ks osQ fy, êsyqgk* 'kCn dk
laHkkfor iz;ksx feyrk gSA
egkoqaQM osQ mÙkj&iwoZ esa ,d cgqr yach&lh bekjr osQ vo'ks"k gSaA blosQ chpkaschp
[kqyk cM+k nkyku gSA rhu rjI+kQ cjkens gSaA buosQ lkFk dHkh NksVs&NksVs dejs jgs gksaxsA
iqjkrÙo osQ tkudkj dgrs gSa fd èkkfeZd vuq’kuksa esa Kku'kkyk,¡ lVh gqbZ gksrh Fkha] ml
u”kfj, ls bls ^dkWyst vkWiQ izhLV~l* ekuk tk ldrk gSA nf{k.k esa ,d vkSj HkXu bekjr
gSA blesa chl [kaHkksa okyk ,d cM+k gkWy gSA vuqeku gS fd ;g jkT; lfpoky;]
lHkk&Hkou ;k dksbZ lkeqnkf;d osaQnz jgk gksxkA
x<+ dh pkjnhokjh yk¡?k dj ge cfLr;ksa dh rjIk+ Q c<+sA ;s ^x<+* osQ eqdkcys NksVs
Vhyksa ij cuh gSa] blfy, bUgsa ûhpk uxj* dgdj Hkh iqdkjk tkrk gSA [kqnkbZ dh izfØ;k
esa Vhyksa dk vkdkj ?kV x;k gS] dgha&dgha os fiQj ”kehu ls tk feys gSa vkSj cLrh osQ
oqQ,¡] yxrk gS tSls ehukjksa dh 'kDy esa èkjrh NksM+dj ckgj fudy vk, gSaA
iwjc dh cLrh ^jbZlksa dh cLrh* gSA gkyk¡fd vkt osQ ;qx esa iwjc dh cfLr;k¡ xjhcksa
dh cfLr;k¡ ekuh tkrh gSaA eqvutks&nM+ks bldk myV FkkA ;kuh cM+s ?kj] pkSM+h lM+osaQ]
vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
”;knk oqQ,¡A eqvutks -nM+ks osQ lHkh [kaMgjksa dks [kqnkbZ djkus okys
iqjkrÙoosÙkkvksa dk laf{kIr uke ns fn;k x;k gSA tSls ^MhosQ*
gydk& nhf{kr dk'khukFk dh [kqnkbZA muosQ uke ij ;gk¡ nks gyosQ
gSaA ^MhosQ* {ks=k nksuksa cfLr;ksa esa lcls egÙoiw.kZ gSaA 'kgj dh
eq[; lM+d (I+kQLVZ LVªhV) ;gha ij gSA ;g cgqr yach lM+d gS]
ekuks dHkh iwjs 'kgj dks ukirh gksA vc ;g vkèkk ehy cph gSA 43
bldh pkSM+kbZ rSarhl I+kqQV gSA eqvutks&nM+ks ls rhu rjg osQ okguksa
osQ lk{; feys gSaA buesa lcls pkSM+h cSyxkM+h jgh gksxhA bl
lM+d ij nks cSyxkfM+;k¡ ,d lkFk vklkuh ls vk&tk ldrh gSaA
;g lM+d ogk¡ igq¡prh gS] tgk¡ dHkh ^ck”kkj* FkkA
bl lM+d osQ nksuksa vksj ?kj gSaA ysfdu lM+d dh vksj lkjs
?kjksa dh flI+kZQ ihB fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ;kuh dksbZ ?kj lM+d ij ugha
[kqyrk_ muosQ njok”ks vanj xfy;ksa esa gaSA fnypLi la;ksx gS fd
paMhx<+ esa Bhd ;gh 'kSyh ipkl lky igys dkcwZft, us
bLrseky dhA ogk¡ Hkh dksbZ ?kj eq[; lM+d ij ugha [kqyrkA
vkidks fdlh osQ ?kj tkus osQ fy, eq[; lM+d ls igys lsDVj
osQ Hkhrj nkf[ky gksuk iM+rk gS] fiQj ?kj dh xyh esa] fiQj ?kj
esaA D;k dkcwZft, us ;g lh[k eqvutks&nM+ks ls yh\ dgrs gSa]
dfork esa ls dfork fudyrh gSA dykvksa dh rjg okLrqdyk esa
Hkh dksbZ izsj.kk psru&vopsru ,sls gh lI+kQj djrh gksxh!
<dh gqbZ ukfy;k¡ eq[; lM+d osQ nksuksa rjI+kQ lekarj fn[kkbZ
nsrh gSaA cLrh osQ Hkhrj Hkh budk ;gh :i gSA gj ?kj esa ,d
Luku?kj gSA ?kjksa osQ Hkhrj ls ikuh ;k eSy dh ukfy;k¡ ckgj gkSnh
rd vkrh gSa vkSj fiQj ukfy;ksa osQ tky ls tqM+ tkrh gSaA
dgha&dgha os [kqyh gSa ij ”;knkrj can gSaA LokLF; osQ izfr
eqvutks&nM+ks osQ ckf'kanksa osQ ljksdkj dk ;g csgrj mnkgj.k gSA
cLrh osQ Hkhrj NksVh lM+osaQ gSa vkSj muls NksVh xfy;k¡ HkhA NksVh
lM+osaQ ukS ls ckjg I+kqQV rd pkSM+h gSaA bekjrksa ls igys tks ph”k
nwj ls è;ku [khaprh gS] og gS oqQvksa dk izcaèkA ;s oqQ,¡ Hkh idh
gqbZ ,d gh vkdkj dh b±Vksa ls cus gSaA bfrgkldkj dgrs gSa ¯lèkq
forku
?kkVh lH;rk lalkj esa igyh Kkr laLo`Qfr gS tks oqQ,¡ [kksn dj Hkw&ty rd igqq¡phA
muosQ eqrkfcd osQoy eqvutks&nM+ks esa lkr lkS osQ djhc oqQ,¡ FksA
unh] oqQ,¡] oqaQM] Lukukxkj vkSj cstksM+ ikuh&fudklhA D;k flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk dks
ge ty&laLo`Qfr dg ldrs gSa\
eqvutks&nM+ks
dk ,d oqQvk¡
44
cM+h cLrh esa iqjkrÙo'kkL=kh dk'khukFk nhf{kr osQ uke ij ,d gydk ^MhosQ&th*
dgykrk gSA blosQ ?kjksa dh nhokjsas m¡Qph vkSj eksVh gSAa eksVh nhokj dk vFkZ ;g yxk;k tkrk
gS fd ml ij nwljh eaf”ky Hkh jgh gksxhA oqQN nhokjksa esa Nsn gSa tks laoQs r nsrs gSa fd nwljh
eaf”ky mBkus osQ fy, 'kk;n ;g 'kgrhjksa dh txg gksA lHkh ?kj b±V osQ gSAa ,d gh vkdkj
dh b±V&as 1%2%4 osQ vuqikr dhA lHkh Hk^h esa idh gqbAaZ gM+Iik ls gVdj] tgk¡ iDdh vkSj
dPph b±Vksa dk feyk&tqyk fuekZ.k mtkxj gqvk gSA eqvutks&nM+ks esa iRFkj dk iz;ksx ekewyh
gqvkA dgha&dgha ukfy;k¡ gh vux<+ iRFkjksa ls <dh fn[kkbZ nhaA
vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
bu ?kjksa esa fnypLi ckr ;g gS fd lkeus dh nhokj esa

osQoy izos'k }kj cuk gS] dksbZ f[kM+dh ugha gSA f[kM+fd;k¡ 'kk;n
mQij dh nhokj esa jgrh gksa] ;kuh nwljh eaf”ky ijA cM+s ?kjksa osQ
Hkhrj vk¡xu osQ pkjksa rjI+kQ cus dejksa esa f[kM+fd;k¡ ”k:j gSaA cM+s
vk¡xu okys ?kjksa osQ ckjs esa le>k tkrk gS fd ogk¡ oqQN m|e
gksrk gksxkA oqQEgkjh dk dke ;k dksbZ èkkrq&deZA gkyk¡fd lHkh ?kj 45
[kaMgj gSa vkSj fn[kkbZ nsus okyh ph”kksa ls ge flI+kZQ vank”kk yxk
ldrs gSaA
?kj NksVs Hkh gSa vkSj cM+s HkhA ysfdu lc ?kj ,d drkj esa
gSaA ”;knkrj ?kjksa dk vkdkj rdjhcu rhl&xq.kk&rhl I+kqQV dk
gksxkA oqQN blls nqxus vkSj frxqus vkdkj osQ Hkh gSaA budh okLrq
'kSyh dekscs'k ,d&lh izrhr gksrh gSA O;ofLFkr vkSj fu;ksftr
'kgj esa 'kk;n bldk Hkh dksbZ dk;nk uxjokfl;ksa ij ykxw gksA
,d ?kj dks êqf[k;k* dk ?kj dgk tkrk gSA blesa nks vk¡xu vkSj
djhc chl dejs gSaA
MhosQ&ch] lh gydk vkxs iwjc esa gSA nk<+h okys ^;ktd&ujs'k*
dh ewfrZ blh rjI+kQ osQ ,d ?kj ls feyh FkhA MhosQ&th dh ¶eq[;
lM+d¸ ij nf{k.k dh vksj c<+sa rks Ms<+ iQyk±x dh nwjh ij
^,pvkj* gydk gSA lM+d mls nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡V nsrh gSA ;s gydk
gsjYM gjxzhOt osQ uke ij gS ftUgksaus 1924&25 esa jk[kkynkl
cuthZ osQ ckn [kqnkbZ djokbZ FkhA ;gha ij ,d cM+s ?kj esa oqQN
oaQdky feys Fks] ftUgsa ysdj dbZ rjg dh dgkfu;k¡ curh jghaA
izfl¼ ûrZdh* f'kYi Hkh ;gha ,d NksVs ?kj dh [kqnkbZ esa fudyk
FkkA blosQ ckjs esa iqjkrÙofon ekfVZej ohyj us dgk Fkk fd lalkj
esa blosQ tksM+ dh nwljh ph”k 'kk;n gh gksxhA ;g ewfrZ vc
fnYyh osQ jk"Vªh; laxzgky; esa gSA
;gha ij ,d cM+k ?kj gS ftls mikluk&osaQnz le>k tkrk gSA
blesa vkeus&lkeus dh nks pkSM+h lhf<+;k¡ mQij dh (èoLr)
eaf”ky dh rjI+kQ tkrh gSaA
forku
if'pe esaμx<+h osQ Bhd ihNsμekèkksLo:i oRl osQ uke ij oh,l fgLlk gSA ;gk¡
og ^jaxjs”k dk dkj[kkuk* Hkh yksx pko ls ns[krs gSa] tgk¡ ”kehu esa b±Vksa osQ xksy xbs mHkjs
gq, gSaA vuqeku gS fd buesa jaxkbZ osQ cM+s crZu j[ks tkrs FksA nks drkjksa esa lksyg NksVs
,d&eaf”kyk edku gSaA ,d drkj eq[; lM+d ij gS] nwljh ihNs dh NksVh lM+d dh
rjI+kQA lc esa nks&nks dejs gSaA Luku?kj ;gk¡ Hkh lc ?kjksa esa gSaA ckgj cLrh esa oqQ,¡ lkewfgd
iz;ksx osQ fy, gSaA ;s deZpkfj;ksa ;k dkexkjksa osQ ?kj jgs gksaxsA
eqvutks&nM+ks esa oq¡Qvksa dks NksM+dj yxrk gS tSls lc oqQN pkSdksj ;k vk;rkdkj gksA
uxj dh ;kstuk] cfLr;k¡] ?kj] oqaQM] cM+h bekjrsa] BIisnkj eqgjsa] pkSiM+ dk [ksy] xksfV;k¡]
rkSyus osQ ckV vkfn lcA
46 NksVs ?kjksa esa NksVs dejs le> esa vkrs gSaA ij cM+s ?kjksa esa NksVs dejs ns[kdj vpjt
gksrk gSA bldk ,d vFkZ rks ;g yxk;k x;k gS fd 'kgj dh vkcknh dkI+kQh jgh gksxhA
nwljh rjI+kQ ;g fopkj lkeus vk;k gS fd cM+s ?kjksa esa fupyh(Hkwry)eaf”ky esa
ukSdj&pkdj jgrs gksaxsA ,slk vesfjdh u`rÙo'kkL=kh xzsxjh ikslsy dk ekuuk gSA cM+s ?kjksa osQ
vk¡xu esa pkSM+h lhf<+;k¡ gSaA oqQN ?kjksa esa mQij dh eaaf”ky osQ fu'kku gSa] ij lhf<+;k¡ ugha
gSaA 'kk;n ;gk¡ ydM+h dh lhf<+;k¡ jgh gksa] tks dkykarj esa u"V gks xbZaA laHko gS mQij dh
eaf”ky esa ”;knk f[kM+fd;k¡] >jks[ks vkSj lkt&lTtk jgh gksA ydM+h dk bLrseky Hkh cgqr
laHko gS iwjs ?kj esa gksrk gksA oqQN ?kjksa esa ckgj dh rjiQ lhf<+;ksa osQ laosQr gSaA ;gk¡ 'kk;n
mQij vkSj uhps vyx&vyx ifjokj jgrs gksaxsA NksVs ?kjksa dh cLrh esa NksVh ladjh lhf<+;k¡
gSaA muosQ ik;nku Hkh mQ¡ps gSaA ,slk txg dh raxh dh otg ls gksrk gksxkA
xkSj fd;k fd eqvutks&nM+ks osQ fdlh ?kj esa f[kM+fd;ksa ;k njok”kksa ij NTtksa osQ fpÉ
ugha gSaA xje bykdksa osQ ?kjksa esa Nk;k osQ fy, ;g vke izkoèkku gksrk gSA D;k ml oDr
;gk¡ bruh dM+h èkwi ugha iM+rh gksxh\ eq>s eqvutks&nM+ks dh tkuh&ekuh eqgjksa osQ i'kq ;kn
gks vk,A 'ksj] gkFkh ;k xSaMk bl e#&Hkwfe esa gks ugha ldrsA D;k ml oDr ;gk¡ taxy Hkh
Fks\ ;g rF; LFkkfir gks pqdk gS fd ;gk¡ vPNh [ksrh gksrh FkhA iqjkrÙoh 'khjhu jRukxj
dk ekuuk gS fd flaèkq&oklh oqQ¡vksa ls flapkbZ dj ysrs FksA nwljs] eqvutks&nM+ks dh fdlh
[kqnkbZ esa ugj gksus osQ izek.k ugha feys gSaA ;kuh ckfj'k ml dky esa dkI+kQh gksrh gksxhA
D;k ckfj'k ?kVus vkSj oq¡Qvksa osQ vR;fèkd bLrseky ls Hkw&ry ty Hkh igq¡p ls nwj pyk
x;k\ D;k ikuh osQ vHkko esa ;g bykoQk mtM+k vkSj mlosQ lkFk flaèkq ?kkVh dh le`¼
lH;rk Hkh\
vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
eqvutks&nM+ks esa ml jks”k gok cgqr rs”k cg jgh FkhA fdlh

cLrh osQ VwVs&iwQVs ?kj esa njok”ks ;k f[kM+dh osQ lkeus ls ge
xq”kjrs rks lka;&lka; dh èofu esa gok dh y; lkI+kQ idM+ esa
vkrh FkhA oSls gh tSls lM+d ij fdlh okgu ls xq”kjrs gq,
fdukjs dh iVjh osQ varjkyksa esa jg&jgdj gok osQ y;c¼ FkisM+s
lqukbZ iM+rs gSaA lwus ?kjksa esa gok dh y; vkSj ”;knk xw¡trh gSA 47
bruh fd dksuksa dk v¡fèk;kjk Hkh lqukbZ nsA ;gk¡ ,d ?kj ls nwljs
?kj esa tkus osQ fy, vkidks fdlh ?kj ls okil ckgj ugha vkuk
iM+rkA vkf[kj lc [kaMgj gSaA lc oqQN [kqyk gSA vc dksbZ ?kj
tqnk ugha gSA ,d ?kj nwljs esa [kqyrk gS] nwljk rhljs esaA tSls iwjh
cLrh ,d cM+k ?kj gksA ysfdu ?kj ,d uD'kk gh ugha gksrkA gj
?kj dk ,d laLdkje; vkdkj gksrk gSA Hkys gh og ik¡p g”kkj
lky iqjkuk ?kj D;ksa u gksA geesa dekscs'k gj dksbZ ik¡o vkfgLrk
mBkrs gq, ,d ?kj ls nwljs ?kj esa csgn èkheh xfr ls nkf[ky gksrk
FkkA ekuks eu esa vrhr dks fugkjus dh ftKklk gh u gks] fdlh
vtuch ?kj esa vufèkdkj pgy&dneh dk vijkèk&cksèk Hkh gksA
tSls fdlh ijk, ?kj esa fiNokM+s ls pksjh&Nqis ?kql vk, lc tkurs
gSa ;gk¡ vc dksbZ clus ugha vk,xkA ysfdu ;g eqvutks&nM+ks osQ
iqjkrkfÙod vfHk;ku dh gh [kwch Fkh fd feêðh esa bap&nj&bap
oaQ?kh dj bl dnj 'kgj] mldh xfy;ksa vkSj ?kjksa dks <w¡<k+ vkSj
lgstk x;k gS fd ;g vglkl gj oDr vkiosQ lkFk jgrk gS] dy
dksbZ ;gk¡ cLkrk FkkA ”k:j ;g vkidh lH;rk ijaijk gSA exj ?kj
vkidk ugha gSA
vupkgs eq>s eqvutks&nM+ks dh xfy;ksa ;k ?kjksa esa jktLFkku
dk [k;ky u vk,] ,slk ugha gks ldkA eg”k blfy, ugha fd
(if'peh) jktLFkku vkSj flaèk&xqtjkr dh n`';koyh ,d&lh gSA
dbZ ph”ksa gSa tks eq>s ;gk¡ ls ogk¡ tksM+ tkrh gSaA tSls g”kkjksa lky
iqjkus ;gk¡ osQ [ksrA cktjs vkSj Tokj dh [ksrhA eqvutks&nM+ks osQ
?kjksa esa Vgyrs gq, eq>s oqQyèkjk dh ;kn vkbZA ;g tSlyesj osQ
eqgkus ij ihys iRFkj osQ ?kjksa okyk ,d [kwclwjr xk¡o gSA ml
forku
[kwclwjrh esa gjne ,d xeh O;kIr gSA xk¡o esa ?kj gSa] ij yksx ugha gSaA dksbZ Ms<+ lkS lky
igys jktk ls rdjkj ij LokfHkekuh xk¡o dk gj ckf'kank jkrksajkr viuk ?kj NksM+ pyk x;kA
njok”ks&vlckc ihNs yksx mBk ys x,A ?kj [kaMgj gks x, ij <gs ughaA ?kjksa dh nhokjsa]
izos'k vkSj f[kM+fd;k¡ ,slh gSa tSls dy dh ckr gksA yksx fudy x,] oDr ogha jg x;kA
[kaMgjksa us mls Fkke fy;kA tSls lqcg yksx ?kjksa ls fudys gksa] 'kk;n 'kke <ys ykSV vkus
okys gksaA
jktLFkku gh ugha] xqtjkr] iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk esa Hkh oqQ,¡] oqaQM] xyh&owQps]
dPph&iDdh bZaVksa osQ dbZ ?kj Hkh vkt oSls feyrs gSa tSls g”kkjksa lky igys gq,A
tkWu ek'kZy us eqvutks&nM+ks ij rhu [kaMksa dk ,d fo'kn izcaèk Niok;k FkkA mlesa
48 [kqnkbZ esa feyh Bksl ifg;ksa okyh fe^h dh xkM+h osQ fp=k osQ lkFk ¯lèk esa fiNyh lnh
esa cjrh tk jgh Bhd mlh rjg dh cSyxkM+h dk Hkh ,d fp=k izdkf'kr gSA rlohj ls
mUgksua s ,d lrr~ ijaijk dk b”kgkj fd;k] gkyk¡fd dekuh ;k vkjs okys ifg, dk vkfo"dkj
cgqr igys gks pqdk Fkk tc eSa NksVk Fkk] gekjs xk¡o esa Hkh ydM+h okys Bksl ifg, cSyxkM+h
esa tqM+rs FksA nqYgu igyh nIkQk blh cSyxkM+h esa llqjky tkrh FkhA ckn esa gekjs ;gk¡ Hkh
cSyxkM+h esa vkjs okys ifg, tqMu+ s yxsA vc rks mlesa thi osQ mrk: ifg, yxrs gSAa gokbZ
tgk”k osQ mrk: ifg, ck”kkj esa vkus osQ ckn m¡QVxkM+s (xkM+h ugha) dk Hkh vkfo"dkj gks
x;k gSA jsfxLrku osQ tgk”k ls gok osQ tgk”k dk ;g ,sfrgkfld xBtksM+ gSA gkyk¡fd dguk
eqf'dy gS fd nqYgu dh lokjh osQ :i esa cSyxkM+h ;k m¡QVxkM+s dk vc ogk¡ dHkh bLrseky
gksrk gksxk!
gekjs es”kcku us è;ku fnyk;k fd eqvutks&nM+ks dk vtk;c?kj ns[kuk vHkh ckdh
gSA [kaMgjksa ls fudy ge ml lkcqr bekjr esa vk x,A ysfdu iznf'kZr lkeku vkidks
[kaMgjksa ls fudy vkus dk ,glkl gksus ugha nsrkA vtk;c?kj NksVk gh gSA tSls fdlh
dLckbZ LowQy dh bekjr gksA lkeku Hkh ”;knk ugha gSA vge ph”ksa djkph] ykgkSj] fnYyh
vkSj yanu esa gSaA ;ksa vosQys eqvutks&nM+ks
dh [kqnkbZ esa fudyh iatho`Qr ph”kksa dh
la[;k ipkl g”kkj ls ”;knk gSA exj tks
eq_h Hkj ph”ksa ;gk¡ iznf'kZr gSa] igq¡ph gqbZ
flaèkqq lH;rk dh >yd fn[kkus dks dkI+kQh
gSaA dkyk iM+ x;k xsgw¡] rk¡cs vkSj dk¡ls osQ
crZu] eqgjsa] ok|] pkd ij cus fo'kky
vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
e`n~&HkkaM] mu ij
dkys&Hkwjs fp=k] pkSiM+
dh xksfV;k¡] nh;s]
eki&rkSy iRFkj] rk¡cs
dk vkbZuk] fe^h dh
cS y xkM+ h vkS j nw l js 49
f[kykSus] nks ikVu okyh pDdh] oaQ?kh] fe^h osQ oaQxu] jax&fcjaxs
iRFkjksa osQ eudksa okys gkj vkSj iRFkj osQ vkS”kkjA vtk;c?kj esa
rSukr vyh uok”k crkrk gS] oqQN lksus osQ xgus Hkh ;gk¡ gqvk
djrs Fks tks pksjh gks x,A
,d [kkl ckr ;gk¡ dksbZ Hkh eglwl djsxkA vtk;c?kj esa
iznf'kZr ph”kksa esa vkS”kkj rks gS]a ij gfFk;kj dksbZ ugha gSA eqvutks&nM+ks
D;k] gM+Iik ls ysdj gfj;k.kk rd lewph flaèkq lH;rk esa
gfFk;kj ml rjg dgha ugha feys gSa tSls fdlh jktra=k esa gksrs gSaA
bl ckr dks ysdj fo}ku flaèkq
lH;rk esa 'kklu ;k lkekftd izcaèk
osQ rkSj&rjhosQ dks le>us dh dksf'k'k
dj jgs gSaA ogk¡ vuq'kklu ”k:j
Fkk] ij rkdr osQ cy ij ughaA os
ekurs gSa dksbZ lSU; lÙkk 'kk;n ;gk¡
u jgh gksA exj dksbZ vuq'kklu
”k:j Fkk tks uxj ;kstuk] okLrqf'kYi]
eqgj&BIiksa] ikuh ;k lkI+kQ&lI+kQkbZ
tSlh lkekftd O;oLFkkvksa vkfn esa
,d:irk rd dks dk;e j[ks gq, FkkA nwljh ckr] tks lkaLo`Qfrd
èkjkry ij flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk dks nwljh lH;rkvksa ls vyx yk
[kM+k djrh gS] og gS izHkqRo ;k fn[kkos osQ rsoj dk unkjn gksukA
nwljh txgksa ij jktra=k ;k èkeZra=k dh rkdr dk izn'kZu
djus okys egy] mikluk&LFky] ewfrZ;k¡ vkSj fijkfeM vkfn
feyrs gSaA gM+Iik laLo`Qfr esa u HkO; jktizlkn feys gSa] u eafnjA
forku
u jktkvksa] egarksa dh lekfèk;k¡A ;gk¡ osQ ewfrZf'kYi NksVs gSa vkSj vkS”kkj HkhA eqvutks&nM+ks
osQ ûjs'k* osQ flj ij tks êqoqQV* gS] 'kk;n mlls NksVs fljisap dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dh
tk ldrhA vkSj rks vkSj] mu yksxksa dh ukosa cukoV esa feLkz dh ukoksa tSlh gksrs gq, Hkh
vkdkj esa NksVh jghaA vkt osQ eqgkojs esa dg ldrs gSa og ^yks&izksI+kQkby* lH;rk Fkh_
y?kqrk esa Hkh egÙkk vuqHko djus okyh laLo`QfrA
eqvutks&nM+ks flaèkq lH;rk dk lcls cM+k 'kgj gh ugha Fkk] mls lkèkuksa vkSj
O;oLFkkvksa dks ns[krs gq, lcls le`¼ Hkh ekuk x;k gSA fiQj Hkh bldh laiUurk dh ckr
de gqbZ gS rks 'kk;n blfy, fd mlesa HkO;rk dk vkMacj ugha gSA nwljh otg ;g Hkh
gS fd eqvutks&nM+ks vkSj gM+Iik fiNyh lnh esa gh mn~?kkfVr gks losQA mudh vucw>
50 fyfi vHkh Hkh lkjs jgL; vius esa fNik, gq, gSA
flaèkq ?kkVh osQ yksxksa esa dyk ;k lq#fp dk egÙo
”;knk FkkA okLrqdyk ;k uxj&fu;kstu gh ugha] èkkrq
vkSj iRFkj dh ewfrZ;k¡] e`n~&HkkaM] mu ij fpf=kr
euq";] ouLifr vkSj i'kq&if{k;ksa dh Nfo;k¡] lqfufeZr
eqgjsa] mu ij ckjhdh ls mRdh.kZ vko`Qfr;k¡] f[kykSus]
osQ'k&foU;kl] vkHkw"k.k vkSj lcls mQij lq?kM+ v{kjksa
dk fyfi:i flaèkq lH;rk dks rduhd&fl¼ ls ”;knk
dyk&fl¼ ”kkfgj djrk gSA ,d iqjkrÙoosÙkk osQ
eqrkfcd flaèkq lH;rk dh [kwch mldk lkSan;Z&cksèk gS]
¶tks jkt&iksf"kr ;k èkeZ&iksf"kr u gksdj lekt&iksf"kr
u`R; eqnzk esa FkkA¸ 'kk;n blhfy, vkdkj dh HkO;rk dh txg
yM+dh mlesa dyk dh HkO;rk fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
2500 bZ- iwoZ
vtk;c?kj esa j[kh ph”kksa esa oqQN lqb;k¡ Hkh gSaA
[kqnkbZ esa rk¡cs vkSj dk¡ls dh rks cgqr lkjh lqb;k¡ feyh
FkhaA dk'khukFk nhf{kr dks lksus dh rhu lqb;k¡ feyha ftuesa ,d nks&bap yach FkhA le>k
x;k gS fd ;g ckjhd d'khnsdkjh4 esa dke vkrh gksxhA ;kn djsa] urZdh osQ vykok
eqvutks&nM+ks osQ uke ls izfl¼ tks nk<+h okys ûjs'k* dh ewfrZ gS] mlosQ cnu ij vkd"kZd
4- diM+ksa ij iwQy @ fp=k vafdr djus dh dyk

vrhr esa ncs ik¡o
xqydkjh5 okyk nq'kkyk Hkh gSA vkt Nkis okyk diM+k ^vtjd*
flaèk dh [kkl igpku cu x;k gS] ij diM+ksa ij NikbZ dk
vkfo"dkj cgqr ckn dk gSA [kqnkbZ esa lqb;ksa osQ vykok gkFkhnk¡r
vkSj rk¡cs osQ lq, Hkh feys gSaA tkudkj ekurs gSa fd buls 'kk;n
nfj;k¡ cquh tkrh FkhaA gkyk¡fd njh dk dksbZ uewuk ;k lk{;
gkfly ugha gqvk gSA 51
og 'kk;n dHkh gkfly u gks] D;ksafd eqvutks&nM+ks esa vc
[kqnkbZ can dj nh xbZ gSA flaèkq osQ ikuh osQ fjlko ls {kkj vkSj
nyny dh leL;k iSnk gks xbZ gSA ekStwnk [kaMgjksa dks cpkdj
j[kuk gh vc vius vki esa cM+h pqukSrh gSA
5- d'khnkdkjh] diM+ksa ij iwQy @ fp=k vafdr djus dh dyk

forku
vH;kl
1- flaèkq&lH;rk lkèku&laiUu Fkh] ij mlesa HkO;rk dk vkMacj ugha FkkA oSQls\
2- ^flaèkq&lH;rk dh [kwch mldk lkSna ;Z&cksèk gS tks jkt&iksf"kr ;k èkeZ&iksf"kr u gksdj lekt&iksf"kr
FkkA* ,slk D;ksa dgk x;k\
3- iqjkrÙo osQ fdu fpÉksa osQ vk/kj ij vki ;g dg ldrs gSa fdμ¶¯l/q&lH;rk rkdr ls 'kkflr
gksus dh vis{kk le> ls vuq'kkflr lH;rk FkhA¸
4- ^;g lp gS fd ;gk¡ fdlh vk¡xu dh VwVh&iwQVh lhf<+;k¡ vc vki dks dgha ugha ys tkrha_ os vkdk'k
dh rjIk+ Q vèkwjh jg tkrh gSAa ysfdu mu vèkwjs ik;nkuksa ij [kM+s gksdj vuqHko fd;k tk ldrk
gS fd vki nqfu;k dh Nr ij gS]a ogk¡ ls vki bfrgkl dks ugha ml osQ ikj >k¡d jgs gSAa * bl dFku
osQ ihNs ys[kd dk D;k vk'k; gS\
52 5- VwVs&iwQVs [kaMgj] lH;rk vkSj laLo`Qfr osQ bfrgkl osQ lkFk&lkFk èkM+drh ¯”knfx;ksa osQ vuNq,
le;ksa dk Hkh nLrkos”k gksrs gSaμ bl dFku dk Hkko Li"V dhft,A
6- bl ikB esa ,d ,sls LFkku dk o.kZu gS ftls cgqr de yksxksa us ns[kk gksxk] ijarq blls vkiosQ
eu esa ml uxj dh ,d rlohj curh gSA fdlh ,sls ,sfrgkfld LFky] ftldks vkius u”knhd
ls ns[kk gks] dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A
7- unh] oqQ,¡] Lukukxkj vkSj cstksM+ fudklh O;oLFkk dks ns[krs gq, ys[kd ikBdksa ls iz'u iwNrk
gS fd D;k ge flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk dks ty&laLo`Qfr dg ldrs gSa\ vkidk tokc ys[kd osQ
i{k esa gS ;k foi{k esa\ roZQ nsaA
8- flaèkq ?kkVh lH;rk dk dksbZ fyf[kr lk{; ugha feyk gSA flI+kZQ vo'ks"kksa osQ vkèkkj ij gh èkkj.kk cukbZ
gSA bl ys[k esa eqvutks&nM+ks osQ ckjs esa tks èkkj.kk O;Dr dh xbZ gSA D;k vkiosQ eu esa blls
dksbZ fHkUu èkkj.kk ;k Hkko Hkh iSnk gksrk gS\ bu laHkkoukvksa ij d{kk esa lewg&ppkZ djsAa

,su izSaQd
Mk;jh ds iUus
cq èkokj] 8 tqykbZ] 1942

I;kjh fd^h]
,slk yx jgk gS ekuks jfookj osQ ckn ls cjlksa
chr x, gksaA bruk oqQN gks x;k gS tSls iwjh nqfu;k gh myV&iqyV xbZ gSA ysfdu tSlk
fd rqe ns[k ldrh gks] fd^h] eSa ¯”knk gw¡] ysfdu ;g er iwNks fd dgk¡ vkSj oSQlsA eSa
tks oqQN Hkh dg jgh gw¡ mlesa 'kk;n gh dksbZ ckr rqEgkjs iYys iM+s] blfy, eSa rqEgsa 'kq:
ls crkrh gw¡ fd jfookj dh nksigj dks D;k gqvk FkkA
rhu cts FksA gSyks tk pqdk Fkk ysfdu og nksckjk fiQj ls vkus okyk Fkk] rHkh njok”ks
dh ?kaVh cthA pw¡fd eSa ckYduh esa èkwi esa vylkbZ lh cSBh i<+ jgh Fkh blfy, eq>s ?kaVh
dh vkok”k lqukbZ ugha nhA oqQN nsj ckn jlksbZ osQ njok”ks ij ekxksZV u”kj vkbZA og cgqr
xqLls esa Fkhμikik dks ,-,l-,l- ls cqyk, tkus dk uksfVl feyk gS] og iqQliqQlkbZA ek¡
feLVj oku nku dks ns[kus xbZ gqbZ gSaA feLVj oku nku ikik osQ fctusl ikVZuj gSa vkSj
muosQ vPNs nksLr gSaA
eSa vkoko~Q jg xbZ FkhA
cqykok\
gj dksbZ tkurk Fkk fd cqykos dk D;k eryc gksrk gSA ;kruk f'kfojksa osQ u”kkjs vkSj
ogk¡ dh dksBfj;ksa osQ n`'; esjh vk¡[kksa osQ vkxs rSj x,A ge vius ikik dks bl rjg dh
fu;fr osQ Hkjksls oSQls NksM+ ldrs FksA ge mUgsa gfxZ”k ugha tkus nsaxsA ekxksZV us ml oDr
forku
dgk Fkk tc og Mªkbax :e esa ek¡ dh jkg ns[k jgh FkhA ek¡ feLVj oku nku ls iwNus xbZ
gSa fd ge dy gh Nqius dh txg ij tk ldrs gSaA oku nku ifjokj Hkh gekjs lkFk tk
jgk gSA ge yksx oqQy feykdj lkr yksx gksaxsA ekSuA ge vkxs ckr gh ugha dj ik,A ;g
[k;ky fd ikik ;gwnh vLirky esa fdlh dks ns[kus x, gq, gSa] ek¡ osQ fy, bar”kkj dh
yach ?kfM+;k¡] xjeh] lLisal] bu lkjh ph”kksa us gekjs 'kCn gh gels Nhu fy, FksA rHkh
njok”ks dh ?kaVh cth&;g gSyks gh gksxk] eSaus dgk FkkA
njok”kk er [kksyks] ekxksZV us gSjku gksrs eq>s jksdk] ysfdu bldh ”k:jr ugha Fkh
D;ksafd geus uhps ls ek¡ vkSj feLVj oku nku dks gSyks ls ckr djrs gq, lqu fy;k FkkA
rc nksuksa gh Hkhrj vk, vkSj vius ihNs njok”kk can dj fn;kA tc Hkh njok”ks dh ?kaVh
54
ctrh rks eq>s ;k ekxksZV dks mpddj uhps ns[kuk iM+rk fd D;k ikik vk x, gSaA geus
fdlh vkSj dks Hkhrj ugha vkus fn;kA eq>s vkSj ekxksZV dks ckgj Hkst fn;k x;k Fkk D;ksafd
oku nku ek¡ ls vosQys esa ckr djuk pkgrs FksA tc eSa vkSj ekxksZV csM:e esa cSBs ckr
dj jgs Fks rks mlus eq>s crk;k fd ;g cqykok ikik osQ fy, ugha cfYd [kqn mlosQ fy,
FkkA bl nwljs lnes ls eSa rks ph[kus yxhA ekxksZV lksyg cjl dh FkhA r; gS fd os yksx
bl mez dh yM+fd;ksa dks muosQ [kqn osQ Hkjksls ;gk¡ ls Hkstuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdu Hkxoku
dk 'kqØ gS] og ugha tk,xhA ek¡ us eq>ls ;gh dgk FkkA ikik tc eq>ls fNius dh txg
ij tkus dh ckr dj jgs Fks rks mUgksaus Hkh 'kk;n ;gh dgk gksxkA
vKkrokl---ge dgk¡ tkdj Nqixas \s 'kgj es\a fdlh ?kj es\a fdlh ijNÙkh ij\ dc-
--dgk¡---oSQls---;s ,sls loky Fks tks eSa iwN ugha ldrh Fkh ysfdu fiQj Hkh ;s loky esjs fnekx
esa oqQycqyk jgs FksA
ekxksZV vkSj eSaus viuh cgqr ”k:jh ph”ksa ,d FkSys esa Hkjuh 'kq: dhaA
eSaus lcls igys vius FkSys essa ;g Mk;jh Bw¡lhA blosQ ckn eSaus dyZj] jQeky] LowQyh
fdrkcsa] ,d oaQ?kh vkSj oqQN iqjkuh fpf_;k¡ FkSys esa MkyhaA eSa vKkrokl esa tkus osQ [k;ky
ls bruh vfèkd vkrafdr Fkh fd eSaus FkSys esa vthcksxjhc ph”ksa Hkj Mkyha] fiQj Hkh eq>s
vI+kQlksl ugha gSA Le`fr;k¡ esjs fy, iks'kkdksa dh rqyuk esa ”;knk ek;us j[krh gSaA rc geus
feLVj fDyhesu dks I+kQksu fd;k fd D;k os 'kke dks gekjs ?kj vk ik,¡xsA
feLVj oku nku pys x, rkfd fe,i dks fyok yk losaQA fe,i vkb± vkSj Okknk fd;k
fd os jkr dks ,d ckj fiQj vk,¡xhA os vius lkFk twrksa] Mªslksa] tSosQVksa] vaMjfo;jksa rFkk
LVkWfoaQXl ls Hkjk ,d FkSyk ysdj xb±A blosQ ckn gekjs Ý+ySV esa lUukVk Nk x;kA geesa
ls fdlh dh Hkh [kkuk [kkus dh bPNk gh ugha gqbZA ekSle vHkh Hkh xje Fkk vkSj lkjh
ph”ksa tSls gekjs fy, vtuch gksrh pyh tk jgh FkhaA
Mk;jh dV iUus
geus viuk Åij okyk ,d cM+k dejk rhlsd cjl osQ

,d foèkqj feLVj xksYMf'EM~V dks fdjk, ij ns j[kk FkkA r; Fkk
fd mls ml 'kke dksbZ dke èkaèkk ugha Fkk] blosQ cko”kwnμgekjs
dbZ b'kkjksa osQ ckotwn og jkr nl cts rd ogha ij e¡Mjkrk jgkA
fe,i vkSj tkWu fx,t jkr X;kjg cts vk,A fe,i 1933 ls ikik
dh oaQiuh esa dke dj jgh Fkha vkSj blfy, ikik osQ djhch 55
nksLrksa esa FkhaA mlosQ ifr tkWu Hkh ikik osQ vPNs nksLr FksA ,d
ckj fiQj twrs] LVkWfoaQXl] vaMjfo;j vkSj fdrkcsa fe,i osQ xgjs
cSx vkSj tkWu dh tscksa esa xk;c gks jgh FkhaA lk<+s X;kjg cts os
[kqn Hkh fonk ysdj pys x,A eSa cqjh rjg ls Fkd xbZ Fkh] fiQj
Hkh ,d ckr eSa vPNh rjg tkurh Fkh fd ;g jkr esjs vius
fcLrj esa esjh vkf[kjh jkr gSA eSa tSls ?kksM+s cspdj lksbZA esjh uhan
vxyh lqcg lk<+s ik¡p cts ekxksZV osQ txkus ij gh [kqyhA fdLer
ls ;g lqcg jfookj dh rjg xje ugha FkhA fnu Hkj xje cjlkr
dh iqQgkjsa iM+rh jghaA ge pkjksa us vius cnu ij brus ”;knk
diM+s ys fy, Fks ekuks ge jkr fÚt esa xq”kkjus tk jgs gksaA otg
flI+kZQ bruh&lh Fkh fd ge vius lkFk ”;knk ls ”;knk diM+s ys
tkuk pkgrs FksA ge ftl fLFkfr esa Fks mlesa dksbZ ;gwnh O;fDr
diM+ksa ls Hkjk lwVosQl ys tkus osQ ckjs esa lksp Hkh ugha ldrk
FkkA eSaus nks cfu;kusa] rhu iSaVsa] ,d Mªsl vkSj mlosQ Åij ,d
LdVZ] ,d tSosQV] ,d cjlkrh] nks tksM+h LVkW¯oQXl] Hkkjh twrs]
,d oSQi] ,d LdkI+kZQ] vkSj bu lcosQ vykok vkSj Hkh cgqr oqQN
vks<+&igu j[kk FkkA ?kj ls fudyus ls igys gh esjk ne ?kqVus
yxk Fkk ysfdu fdlh dks Hkh ijokg ugha Fkh fd eq>ls iwNsμ,su]
oSQlk yx jgk gS rqEgsa\
ekxksZV us vius FkSys esa LowQy dh fdrkcsa B¡wl yh Fkha vkSj
og viuh lkbfdy ysus pyh xbZ vkSj fiQj og fe,i dh
fuxjkuh esa vKkr txg osQ fy, jokuk gks xbZA oqQN Hkh jgk gks]
esjs fy, rks og vutku txg gh Fkh_ D;ksafd eq>s vHkh Hkh irk
ugha Fkk fd ge dgk¡ tkus okys gSaA lk<+s lkr cts geus Hkh vius
ihNs njok”kk can fd;kA ewRtsZ gh ,dek=k ,slh thfor izk.kh Fkh
forku
ftls eq>s xqM&ckbZ dguk FkkA geus xksYMf'EM~V osQ fy, tks uksV NksM+k mlosQ vuqlkj
fcYyh dks iM+ksfl;ksa osQ ;gk¡ NksM+k tkuk FkkA os gh vc mldh ns[kHkky djus okys FksA
[kkyh fcLrjs] es”k ij fc[kjk uk'rs dk lkeku] jlksbZ esa fcYyh osQ fy, lsj Hkj ehV] ;s
lkjh ph”ksa ;gh n'kkZrh Fkha fd ge cgqr gh gM+cM+h esa NksM+&NkM+dj x, gSaA ysfdu baizS'ku
NksM+dj tkus esa gekjh dksbZ fnypLIkh ugha FkhA ge rks fdlh Hkh rjg ogk¡ ls fudy tkuk
pkgrs Fks vkSj dgha lqjf{kr LFkku ij igq¡p tkuk pkgrs FksA vkSj dksbZ ckr ek;us ugha j[krh
FkhA
ckdh dy]
rqEgkjh ,su
56
xqjQokj] 9 tqykbZ] 1942
I;kjh fd^h]
rks vkf[kj ge py iM+sA eEeh] ikik vkSj eSa rs”k cjlkr esa Hkhxrs gq, vk,A ge rhuksa
osQ oaQèkksa ij cM+s&cMs+ FkSys vkSj 'kWfiax cSx Fks tks vYye&xYye ph”kksa ls Åij rd
Bw¡l&Bw¡l dj Hkjs gq, FksA lqcg&lqcg dke ij tkus okys yksx gesa cM+h cspkjxh Hkjh
fuxkgksa ls ns[k jgs FksA vki mUgsa ns[krs gh crk ldrs Fks fd os vkiosQ fy, vI+kQlksl dj
jgs Fks fd os gesa fdlh rjg dk okgu miyCèk ugha djk ldrs FksA gekjs lhus ij pedrk
ihyk flrkjk1 lkjh nkLrku [kqn gh dg nsrk FkkA
tc ge xyh esa igq¡p x, rHkh ikik vkSj eEeh us èkhjs&èkhjs crkuk 'kq: fd;k fd
mudh ;kstuk D;k FkhA fiNys dbZ eghuksa osQ nkSjku ge FkksM+k&FkksM+k djosQ ftruk Hkh gks
ldk] iQuhZpj vkSj diM+s&yÙks Ý+ySV ls ckgj ys tkrs jgs FksA ;g r; dj fy;k x;k Fkk
fd ge yksx 16 tqykbZ dks vKkrokl esa pys tk,¡xsA vpkud ekxksZV osQ fy, cqykok vk
tkus osQ dkj.k ;kstuk dks nl fnu vkxs f[kldkuk iM+k FkkA bldk eryc ;gh Fkk fd
vc gesa de rS;kj fd, x, dejksa esa gh xq”kkjk djuk gksxkA
fNius dh txg ikik osQ vkWfI+kQl dh bekjr esa gh FkhA bls le> ikuk ckgj okyksa
osQ fy, FkksM+k eqf'dy gksxk blfy, eSa FkksM+k cgqr le>k nsrh gw¡A ikik osQ vkWfI+kQl esa dke
djus okys yksx cgqr ”;knk ugha FksA cl] feLVj oqQxyj] feLVj Dyhesu] fe,i vkSj rsbl
cjl dh VkbfiLV ftldk uke csi oksLoqQby FkkA mu lcdks gekjs vkus osQ ckjs esa [kcj
1- fgVyj osQ 'kklu esa ;gwfn;ksa dks foo'k fd;k x;k Fkk fd os viuh igpku osQ fy, ihyk flrkjk
igusa
Mk;jh dV iUus
dj nh xbZ FkhA feLVj oksLoqQby] csi osQ firk] nks vkSj lgk;dksa
osQ lkFk xksnke esa dke djrs Fks] mUgsa oqQN Hkh ugha crk;k
x;k FkkA
bekjr osQ ckjs esa FkksM+k&lk crk nw¡A ry eaf”ky ij cuk
cM+k&lk xksnke dke djus dh txg vkSj HkaMkj ?kj osQ :i esa
bLrseky gksrk gSA blosQ vyx&vyx fgLls cus gq, gSaA ;s fgLls 57
xksnke] filkbZ dk dejk oxSjg gSa tgk¡ byk;ph] ykSax vkSj dkyh
fepZ oxSjg ihls tkrs gSaA
forku
xksnke osQ njok”ks ls gh lVk gqvk ,d ckgj dk njok”kk gS tks vkWfI+kQl dk izos'k}kj
gSA vkWfI+kQl osQ njok”ks osQ ,dne vanj dh rjI+kQ ,d nwljk njok”kk gS vkSj mlosQ ihNs
lhf<+;k¡ gSaA lhf<+;k¡ Åij p<+sa rks ,d vkSj njok”kk vkrk gS] ftl ij vkj&ikj fn[kkbZ u
nsus okys dk¡p dh f[kM+dh yxh gSA bl ij dkys v{kjksa esa ^dk;kZy;* fy[kk gqvk gSA ;gh
vkxs okyk cM+k ;kuh izaQV vkWfI+kQl gSμ;s cgqr cM+k goknkj vkSj [kwc jkS'uh okyk dejk
gSA fnu osQ nkSjku ;gk¡ csi] fe,i vkSj feLVj Dyhesu dke djrs gSaA ,d NksVk&lk xfy;kjk
gS ftlesa frtksjh] diM+ksa dh vyekjh vkSj LVs'kujh dh cM+h&lh vyekjh gSA bl xfy;kjs
osQ ikj ,d NksVk&lk ne?kksaVw] v¡fèk;kjk dejk gSμ;g cSd vkWfI+kQl gS] blesa feLVj oqQxyj
vkSj feLVj okunku cSBk djrs FksA vc blesa flI+kZQ feLVj oqQxyj cSBrs gSaA feLVj oqQxyj
58 osQ vkWfI+kQl esa iSlst ls Hkh igq¡pk tk ldrk gS] ysfdu flI+kZQ dk¡p okys njok”ks osQ ”kfj;s
ftls vanj ls rks vklkuh ls [kksyk tk ldrk gS] ysfdu ckgj ls bruh vklkuh ls ughaA
feLVj oqQxyj osQ vkWfI+kQl ls fudyus osQ ckn rqe yacs] rax xfy;kjs ls dks;ys okys xksnke
dh vksj c<+ksxh vkSj pkj lhf<+;k¡ p<+ksxh rks rqe vius vkidks izkbosV vkWfI+kQl esa ikvksxhA
;g iwjh bekjr dk 'kks ihl gSA 'kkunkj egksxuh I+kQuhZpj] fyuksfy;e dk I+kQ'kZ] ftl ij
dkyhu fcNk gS] ,d jsfM;ks gS] vkd"kZd ySai gSaA lc oqQN mÙke njts dkA blosQ lkFk
okyk dejk cgqr cM+k jlksbZ?kj gSA mlesa ikuh xje djus dk ghVj gS] xSl osQ nks pwYgs
gSa] lkFk esa ik[kkuk gSA ;s igyh eaf”ky dk uD'kk gSA uhps dh lhf<+;ksa okys xfy;kjs ls
,d jkLrk nwljh eaf”ky dh rjI+kQ tkrk gSA lhf<+;k¡ [kRke gksrs gh FkksM+h [kqyh txg gS vkSj
mlosQ nksuksa rjI+kQ njok”ks gSaA nkbZa rjI+kQ dk njok”kk elkys j[kus osQ LVksj] vVkjh vkSj ?kj
osQ lkeus dh rjI+kQ okyh fe;kuh dh rjI+kQ tkrk gSA ?kj osQ lkeus dh rjI+kQ ls ,d
ijaijkxr Mp fM”kkbu dh] lhèkh vkSj bruh ?kqekonkj lhf<+;k¡ gSa fd ,fM+;ksa esa eksp vk
tk,A ;g jkLrk xyh dh rjI+kQ [kqyrk gSA
lhf<+;ksa osQ Åij cuh txg ls nkb± rjI+kQ dk njok”kk ?kj osQ fiNokM+s dh rjI+kQ gekjh
xqIr ,usDlh dh rjI+kQ tkrk gSA dksbZ dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrk Fkk fd bl likV eVeSys
njok”ks osQ ihNs brus dejs Hkh gks ldrs gSaA njok”ks osQ vkxs lh<+h dk cl] ,d gh ik;nku
gSA bls ikj djrs gh vki Hkhrj gksrs gSaA vkiosQ lkeus gh dbZ lhf<+;k¡ Åij dh rjI+kQ pyh
tkrh gSaA ckb± rjI+kQ ,d rax&lk xfy;kjk gS tks ,d cM+s dejs esa tkdj [kqyrk gSA ;gh
dejk izSaQd ifjokj osQ fy, Mªkbax:e vkSj csM:e dk dke djrk gSA vxyk njok”kk ,d
NksVs dejs dk gSA ;g ifjokj dh nks toku yM+fd;ksa osQ cSM:e vkSj LVMh:e osQ dke
vkrk gSA lhf<+;ksa dh nkb± rjI+kQ xqly[kkuk vkSj fcuk f[kM+fd;ksa okyk ,d dejk gS ftlesa
,d okW'k csflu yxk gqvk gSA fdukjs dh rjI+kQ okys njok”ks ls ik[kkus dh rjI+kQ vkSj nwljs
Mk;jh dV iUus
njok”ks ls esjs vkSj ekxksZV osQ dejs dh rjIk+ Q tk;k tk ldrk gSA
;fn vki vkSj lhf<+;k¡ p<+dj fcyoqQy Åij rd pys tk,¡ rks
vki ugj osQ fdukjs cus bl iqjkus edku esa Åij ,d cgqr cM+k]
[kqyk&[kqyk vkSj goknkj dejk ns[kdj gSjku jg tk,¡xsA blesa ,d
xSl dk pwYgk gS vkSj ,d ¯ld gSA (Hkxoku dk 'kqØ gS fd ;g
feLVj oqQyxj dh iz;ksx'kkyk osQ dke vkrk FkkA) ;g feLVj 59
vkSj fels”k oku nku dk csM:e vkSj jlksbZ?kj gksxkA bls dkWeu
dejs] Mkbfuax:e vkSj ge lcosQ fy, LVMh osQ fy, Hkh
bLrseky fd;k tk losQxkA ,d NksVk&lk dejk ihVj oku nku osQ
fy, csM:e dk dke djsxkA vkSj fiQj tSlh bekjr osQ lkeus dh
rjI+kQ gS] oSlh gh vVkjh vkSj fe;kuh ;gk¡ Hkh gSa] rks ;s jgk gekjk
u;k xjhc[kkukA yks] eSaus rqEgsa iwjh bekjr dh lSj djok nhA
rqEgkjh] ,su
'kqØokj] 10 tqykbZ] 1942

esjh I;kjh fd^h]
eSaus ?kj osQ yacs&pkSM+s c[kku osQ lkFk gks ldrk gS rqEgsa cksj
dj fn;k gks ysfdu eSa vHkh Hkh ;gh lksprh gw¡ fd rqe tkuks] ge
dgk¡ vk igq¡ps gSaA eSa ;gk¡ oSQls vk igq¡ph gw¡] blosQ ckjs esa rqEgsa
esjs vkxs osQ i=kksa ls irk pysxkA
ysfdu igys eSa viuk fdLlk tkjh j[kw¡xhA eSaus vHkh rd
viuh ckr iwjh ugha dh gSA 263 fizalsuxzkLV esa gekjs igq¡pus ij
fe,i rqjar gesa yacs xfy;kjs ls lhf<+;ksa ls Åij nwljh eaf”ky ij
vkSj fiQj ,usDlh esa ys vkbZA mlus gesa vosQyk NksM+k vkSj gekjs
ihNs njok”kk can dj fn;kA ekxksZV viuh lkbfdy ij igys gh
vk pqdh Fkh vkSj gekjh jkg ns[k jgh FkhA
gekjh cSBd vkSj nwljs dejs lkeku ls Bq¡ls iM+s FksA dgha
fry èkjus dh txg ugha FkhA fiNys eghuksa esa tks dkMZ&cksMZ osQ
cDls vkWfI+kQl esa Hksts x, Fks] pkjksa rjI+kQ I+kQ'kZ ij] fcLrjksa ij iSQys
iM+s FksA NksVk dejk I+kQ'kZ ls Nr rd diM+ksa ls vVk iM+k FkkA ml
jkr vxj ge <ax ls lksus osQ ckjs esa lksprs rks ;s lkjk lkeku
forku
rjrhc ls yxkus dh ”k:jr FkhA gesa lI+kQkbZ dk dke rqjar 'kq: dj nsuk FkkA ek¡ vkSj ekxksZV
dh rks gkFk fgykus dh Hkh fgEer ugha FkhA os fcuk pknjksa okyh xfí;ksa ij gh ilj xb±A
Fkdh] csgky vkSj iLrA ysfdu ikik vkSj eSaus lI+kQkbZ dk ekspkZ l¡Hkkyk vkSj rqjar tqV x,A
ge lkjk fnu iSfoaQx [kksyrs jgs] vyekfj;k¡ Hkjrs jgs] dhysa Bksdrs jgs vkSj reke
lkeku fBdkus ls yxkrs jgsA vkf[kj Fkd dj pwj gks x, vkSj lkiQ+ fcLrjksa ij <g x,A
geus iwjs fnu esa ,d ckj Hkh xje [kkuk ugha [kk;k FkkA ysfdu ijokg fdls FkhA ek¡ vkSj
ekxksZV dh Fkdku osQ ekjs cqjh gkyr Fkh vkSj ikik vkSj eq>s I+kqQlZr ugha FkhA
eaxyokj dh lqcg geus fiNyh jkr osQ NksM+s gq, dke dks iwjk djuk 'kq: fd;kA
csi vkSj fe,i gekjs
60 jk'ku owQiuksa ls 'kkWfiax
djus xbZa vkSj ikik us
CySd vkmV okys ijns
yxk,A eSaus jlksbZ dk
I+kQ'kZ jxM+&jxM+ dj
lkI+kQ fd;kA losjs ls
jkr rd ge yxkrkj
dke esa tqVs jgsA
cqèkokj rd rks
eq > s ;g lks p us dh
iq+ QlZr gh ugha feyh fd
esjh ¯”knxh esa fdruk
cM+k ifjorZu vk pqdk
gSA vc xqIr ,usDlh
esa vkus osQ ckn igyh
ckj eq>s FkksM+h I+kqQlZr
feyh fd rqEgsa crkm¡Q
fd esjh ftanxh esa D;k
gks pqdk gS vkSj D;k
gksus tk jgk gSA
rqEgkjh] ,su
Mk;jh dV iUus
'kfuokj] 28 uoacj] 1942

esjh I;kjh fdêðh]
ge bu fnuksa fctyh dk cgqr ”;knk bLrseky djrs jgs gaS
vkSj vius jk'ku ls ”;knk [kpZ dj pqosQ gSaA urhtk ;g gksxk fd
vkSj vfèkd fdI+kQk;r] vkSj gks ldrk gS] fctyh Hkh dV tk,A
,d i[kokM+s osQ fy, dksbZ fctyh ugha] fdruk e”ksnkj [k;ky gS] 61
ugha D;k\ ysfdu dkSu tkurk gS] ;g vjlk blls de Hkh gks
ldrk gSA cgqr v¡èksjk gks tkrk gS pkj] lk<+s pkj ctrs ghA ge rc
i<+ ugha ldrsA blfy, og oDr ge Åy&tqyy w gjdrsa djosQ
xq”kkjrs gSAa ge igsfy;k¡ cq>krs gS]a v¡èksjs esa O;k;ke djrs gS]a vaxs”z kh
;k izQas p cksyrs gSa vkSj fdrkcksa dh leh{kk djrs gSAa ge oqQN Hkh
djs]a FkksMh+ nsj ckn cksj yxus yxrk gSA dy eSua s oDr xq”kkjus dk
,d u;k rjhdk [kkst fudkykA nwjchu yxkdj iM+kfs l;ksa osQ jks'kuh
okys dejksa esa >k¡dukA fnu osQ oDr gekjs ijns gVk, ugha tk
ldrs] ,d bap Hkj Hkh ugha] ysfdu tc v¡èksjk gks rks ijns gVkus
eas dksbZ gtZ ugha gksrkA
eq>s irk ugha Fkk fd gekjs iM+kl s esa brus fnypLi yksx jgrs
gSAa [kSj] gekjs iM+kl s h ns[ks— muesa ls ,d ifjokj
s h gSAa eSua s tks iM+kl
fMuj dj jgk Fkk] ,d ifjokj fIk+ QYe cuk jgk Fkk rks lkeus okys ?kj
esa ,d nar fpfdRld ,d Mjh gqbZ cqf<+;k ls tw> jgk FkkA
feLVj Mlsy ftuosQ ckjs esa dgk x;k Fkk fd mudh cPpksa
osQ lkFk cgqr iVrh gS vkSj os mUgsa [kwc I;kj djrs gS]a njvly
ckck vkne osQ ”kekus osQ vuq'kklu ekLVj gSa vkSj yac&s yacs Hkk"k.k
nsus yxrs gSa ftUgsa lqudj gh uhan vkus yxsA pwf¡ d eq> vosQyh dks
gh ;g lq[k(\)feyk gqvk gS fd eSa muosQ lkFk] egkjkt Mlsy osQ
lkFk ;g yacksrjk] l¡djk dejk 'ksvj djrh gw]¡ vkSj pwf¡ d eq>s gh]
ge rhu cPpksa esa vkerkSj ij [kjfnekx vkSj rqudfe”kkt le>k
tkrk gS] esjs ikl ;gh ,d mik; cprk gS fd mudh ogh iqjkuh
Mk¡V&iQVdkj vkSj Hkk"k.kksa dh yach&yach mckÅ kÜ [a` kyk dh rjI+kQ
dku u èk:¡A u lquus dk ukVd djrh jgwA¡ ;s ckr rks [kSj eSa fiQj
Hkh lgu dj ysrh ysfdu feLVj Mlsy vPNs&[kkls pqxy[kksj gSAa
forku
forku
osos tkdj
tkdj bu bu lkjh
lkjh ckrksckrksaa dh dh fjiks fjiksVVZZ eEeh
eEeh dks dks nsns vkrs
vkrs gSgSAaAa vxjvxj feLVj feLVj Mls Mlsy y usus eqeq> >ss dks
dksbbZZ mins
mins''kk
fiyk;k
fiyk;k gks gksrrkk gSgS rks
rks mls mls nks
nkscckjk kjk lsls eqeq>>ss eEeh
eEeh lsls lqlquuuk uk iM+ iM+rrkk gSgS vkS
vkSjj eEeh
eEeh rks rks dksdksbbZ Z fygk”k
fygk”k Hkh Hkh
ugha
ugha djrh
djrh esesjjk]k] vkS vkSjj vxj vxj esesjjhh fdLer fdLer okdbZ okdbZ vPNh vPNh gks gksrrhh gSgS rks
rks fels
fels””kk oku oku eqeq> >ss ik¡ik¡pp feuV
feuV
ckn
ckn cqcqyyok ok HksHkst
trh rh gSgSAaAa
lpeq
lpeqp p]] ehu&es
ehu&es[[kk fudkyus fudkyus okys okys ifjokjifjokj esesa a vki
vki ososaQaQnznz esesa a gks
gksa a vkS
vkSjj lkjklkjk fnufnu vkidks vkidks]]
gj
gj rjI +
rjIkkQQ ls
+ ls nqnqRRdkjk
dkjk iQVdkjk iQVdkjk tk,μ;s tk,µ;s lc lc >s >sy
yuk uk vklku
vklku dke dke ugha ugha gks gksrrkAkA
jkr
jkr dks dks tc tc eSeSaa fcLrj fcLrj ij ij gksgksrrhh gwgw¡¡ rks
rks vius
vius ikiksikiksaa vkS vkSjj c<+
c<+kk&p<+
&p<+kkdj dj crkbZ crkbZ xbZ xbZ viuh
viuh
[kkfe;ks
[kkfe;ksaa ososQQ ckjs
ckjs esesaa lks
lksp prh
rh gwgw¡ ¡ rks
rks osos bruh
bruh ”;knk
”;knk gks gksrrhh gSgSaa fd
fd viusvius ewewMM ososQQ fglkc fglkc lsls ;k ;k rks
rks eSeSaa
mu
mu ij ij g¡g¡ll ldrh ldrh gwgw¡¡ ;k ;k
62 jksjks gh
gh ldrh ldrh gwgwA¡A¡ rc rc eSeSaa
bl
bl vthc vthc lsls [k;ky [k;ky ososQQ
lkFk
lkFk lks lks tkrh
tkrh gwgw¡¡ fd fd eSeSaa tks
tks
oqoqQQN
N gwgw]¡]¡ mlls
mlls vyx vyx gks gksuukk
pkgrh
pkgrh gwgw¡¡ ;k ;k eSeSaa mlls mlls
vyx
vyx rjhos rjhosQQ lsls O;ogkjO;ogkj
djuk
djuk pkgrh pkgrh gwgw¡¡ tks tks eSeSaa gwgw¡¡
;k
;k tks tks eSeSaa gks
gksuukk pkgrhpkgrh gwgw¡¡AA
esesjjhh I;kjh
I;kjh fd^h] fd^h]
vc
vc eSeSaa rqrqEEgsgsaa fdruk
fdruk my>k my>k
jgh
jgh gwgwA¡A¡ ys ysffdu
du eSeSaa ph”ks ph”ksaa
,d
,d ckj ckj fy[kdj fy[kdj mUgs mUgsaa
,s,suu iSiSazQazQd
d dh
dh Mk;jh
Mk;jh dk dk ,d ,d iUuk iUuk
dkVuk
dkVuk ila ilann ugha ugha djrh djrh
vkS
vkSjj bl
bl deh deh okys okys oDr oDr esesaa dkx”k
dkx”k dks dks eks
eksMM+&+&rks
rksMM++ dj
dj jíh jíh dh dh VksVksd djhjh esesaa Mky
Mky nsnsuukk fcYkoq fcYkoqQQy y
euk
euk gSgSAA blfy,blfy, eSeSaa rqrqEEgsgsaa flI flI+k+kZQZQ ;gh
;gh lykg lykg nsns ldrhldrh gwgw¡ ¡ fd fd rqrqee Åij Åij okys okys fgLlsfgLls dks dks fiQj
fiQj
ls
ls i<+
i<+uuss dh dh dks dksff'k'k'k'k er er djuk_ djuk_ D;ks D;ksafafd
d bles blesaa rqrqEEgsgsaa ckr
ckr dk dk flj&iS flj&iSjj Hkh Hkh ughaugha feys feysxxkAkA
rqrqEEgkjh]
gkjh] ,s,suu
'kq
'kqØØokj]
okj] 1919 ekpZ
ekpZ]] 1943
1943
esesjjhh I;kjh
I;kjh fd^h]
fd^h]
vHkh
vHkh ,d ,d ?ka?kaVVkk Hkh
Hkh ugha
ugha chrk chrk Fkk
Fkk fd
fd gekjh
gekjh [kq
[kq''khkh fujk'kk
fujk'kk esesaa cnycny xbZ
xbZAA VdhZ
VdhZ vHkh
vHkh
;q;q¼
¼ esesaa 'kkfey
'kkfey ugha
ugha gqgqv
vkk gSgSAA gqgqv
vkk ;g
;g Fkk
Fkk fd
fd ,d
,d ososaQaQnznzhh;; eaea==khkh usus ;g
;g dgk
dgk Fkk
Fkk fd
fd VdhZ
VdhZ
Mk;jh dV iUus
tYnh gh rVLFkrk NksM+ nsxkA MSe pkSd ij v[kckj cspus okyk

fpYyk jgk Fkk_ ^VdhZ baXySaM osQ i{k esa*A v[kckj mlosQ gkFk ls
>iVs tk jgs Fks] vkSj bl rjg ls geus og mRlkgoèkZd vI+kQokg
lquh FkhA
g”kkj fxYMj osQ uksV voSèk eqnzk ?kksf"kr fd, tk jgs gSaA ;g
CySd ekosZQV dk èkaèkk djus okyksa vkSj mu tSls yksxksa osQ fy, 63
cgqr cM+k >Vdk gksxk] ysfdu mlls cM+k ladV mu yksxksa dk gS
tks ;k rks Hkwfexr gSa ;k tks vius èku dk fglkc&fdrkc ugha ns
ldrsA g”kkj fxYMj dk uksV cnyokus osQ fy, vki bl fLFkfr esa
gksa fd ;s uksV vkiosQ ikl vk;k oSQls vkSj mldk lqcrw Hkh nsuk
gksxkA bUgsa dj vnk djus osQ fy, mi;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gS_
ysfdu vxys gÝ+rs rd ghA ik¡p lkS fxYMj osQ uksV Hkh rHkh csdkj
gks tk,¡xAs fx,t ,aM oaQiuh osQ ikl vHkh g”kkj fxYMj osQ oqQN
uksV ckdh Fks ftudk dksbZ fglkc&fdrkc ugha FkkA bUgsa oaQiuh us
vkxkeh o"kksaZ osQ fy, vuqekfur dj vnk;xh esa fuiVk fn;k gSA
blfy, fI+kQygky rks xnZu ikuh osQ Åij gh gSA
feLVj Mlsy dks dgha ls ckck vkne osQ ”kekus dh iSjksa ls
pyus okyh nk¡rksa dh fMªy e'khu fey xbZ gSA bldk eryc]
laHkor% tYnh gh esjs nk¡rksa dk iwjk psd&vi gks ik,xkA
tc ?kj osQ dk;ns&dkuwu ekuus dh ckr vkrh gS rks feLVj
Mlsy Hk;adj :i ls vkyl fn[kkrs gSaA u osQoy os pkyksZV ls
i=kkpkj dj jgs gSa] vkSj Hkh dbZ nwljs yksxksa osQ lkFk Hkh fp_h&i=kh
cuk, gq, gSaA ekxksZV] tks fd mudh Mp vè;kfidk gSa] muosQ ;s
i=k Bhd djrh gSaA ikik us mUgsa euk fd;k gS fd os ;s lc
dkjksckj can djsa vkSj ekxksZV us muosQ i=k Bhd djus can dj
fn, gSaA ysfdu eq>s yxrk gS] os viuh fp_h&i=kh fiQj ls 'kq:
dj nsaxsA
tukc fgVyj ?kk;y lSfudksa ls ckrphr dj jgs gSaA geus
mUgsa jsfM;ks ij lqukA lpeqp ;g lc oqQN djQ.kktud FkkA
lokyksa&tokcksa dk flyflyk bl rjg ls py jgk Fkk %
êsjk uke gSufjd 'kkisy gSA*
forku
^vki dgk¡ t[eh gq, Fks\*

^Lukfyuxzkn osQ iklA*
^fdl fdLe dk ?kko gS ;g\*
^nksuksa ik¡o cjI+kQ dh otg ls xy x, gSa vkSj ck,¡ ckT+kw esa gah VwV xbZ gSA*
;s ckrsa tl dh rl ns jgh gw¡ tks eSaus jsfM;ks ij dBiqrfy;ksa osQ [ksy dh rjg lquhaA
?kk;y lSfud tSls vius T+k[eksa dks fn[kkrs gq, xoZ eglwl dj jgs FksA ftrus ”;knk ?kko]
mruk ”;knk xoZA muesa ls ,d rks fgVyj ls gkFk feykus osQ [k;ky ls gh bruk mRlkfgr
gqvk tk jgk Fkk (esjs [k;ky ls rks vHkh Hkh og mlh mRlkg esa gksxk) fd og ,d 'kCn
Hkh ugha cksy ik;kA
64 eq>ls Mlsy lkgc dk lkcqu T+kehu ij fxj x;k FkkA esjh fdLer [kjkc Fkh fd esjk
iSj ml ij iM+ x;kA vc iwjk lkcqu gh xk;c gSA eSaus ikik ls dgk gS fd feLVj Mlsy
dks bldh HkjikbZ dj nsaA mudks gj eghus ;q¼ osQ le; osQ ?kfV;k lkcqu dh ,d gh
c^h feyrh gSA
rqEgkjh] ,su
'kqØokj] 23 tuojh] 1944
esjh I;kjh fd^h]
bèkj osQ lIrkgksa esa eq>s ifjokj osQ oa'k o`{kksa vkSj jktlh ifjokjksa dh oa'kkoyh
rkfydkvksa eas [kklh jQfp gks xbZ gSA eSa bl urhts ij igq¡ph gw¡ fd ,d ckj rqe [kkstuk
'kq: dj nks rks rqEgsa vrhr esa xgjs] vkSj xgjs mrjuk iM+sxkA bl [kkst ls rqEgkjs gkFk vkSj
Hkh jkspd tkudkfj;k¡ yxsaxhA
gkyk¡fd tc esjs LowQy osQ dke dh ckr vkrh gS rks eSa cgqr esgur djrh gw¡ vkSj
jsfM;ks ij ch-ch-lh- dh gkse lfoZl dks le> ldrh gw¡] blosQ ckotwn eSa vius T+;knkrj
jfookj vius fiz; fI+kQYeh dykdkjksa dh rLkohjsa vyx djus vkSj ns[kus esa xqT+kkjrh gw¡A ;g
laxzg vPNk&[kklk gks pqdk gSA feLVj oqQxyj eq> ij gj lkseokj oqQN ”;knk gh esgjcku
gksrs gSa vkSj esjs fy, flusek ,aM fFk;sVj if=kdk dh izfr ysrs vkrs gSaA bl ?kj&ifjokj osQ
,sls yksx Hkh] tks T+kjk Hkh nqfu;knkj ugha gSa] bls iSlksa dh cjcknh ekurs gSa ysfdu bl ckr
ij gSjku Hkh gksrs gSa fd oSQls eSa ,d lky osQ ckn Hkh fdlh fI+kQYe osQ lHkh dykdkjksa
osQ uke mQij ls uhps rd lgh&lgh crk ldrh gw¡A csi tks vdlj Nq^h osQ fnu vius
ckW;izsaQM osQ lkFk fI+kQYe ns[kus tkrh gS] 'kfuokj dks gh eq>s crk nsrh gS fd os dkSu lh
fI+kQYe ns[kus tk jgs gSa] rks eSa fI+kQYe osQ eq[; uk;dksa vkSj ukf;dkvksa osQ uke rFkk leh{kk,¡
I+kQjkZVs ls cksyuk 'kq: dj nsrh gw¡A gky gh esa eEeh us fI+kQdjk dlk fd eq>s ckn esa fI+kQYesa
Mk;jh dV iUus
ns[kus tkus dh ”k:jr gh ugha iM+sxh] D;ksafd eq>s lkjh fI+kQYeksa

dh dgkfu;k¡] uk;dksa osQ uke rFkk leh{kk,¡ T+kckuh ;kn gSaA
tc Hkh eSa u;h osQ'k lTtk cukdj ckgj vkrh gw¡] eSa lcosQ
psgjksa ij mx vkbZ vlgefr lkI+kQ&lkI+kQ i<+ ldrh gw¡A vkSj ;g
Hkh crk ldrh gw¡ fd dksbZ u dksbZ T+k:j Vksd nsxk fd eSa iQyk¡
fI+kQYe LVkj dh udy dj jgh gw¡A esjk ;g tokc fd ;s LVkby 65
esjk [kqn dk vkfo"dkj gS] eT+kkd osQ :i esa fy;k tkrk gSA tgk¡
rd esjs gs;j LVkby dk loky gS] ;g vkèks ?kaVs ls T+;knk ugha
fVdk jgrkA rc rd eSa mlls cksj gks pqdh gksrh gw¡ vkSj lcdh
fVIif.k;k¡ lqurs&lqurs esjs dku idus yxrs gSaA eSa lhèks xqly[kkus
dh rjI+kQ yidrh gw¡ vkSj esjs cky fiQj ls igys dh rjg my>s
gq, ?kq¡?kjkys gks tkrs gSaA
rqEgkjh] ,su
cqèkokj] 28 tuojh] 1944
esjh I;kjh fd^h]
vkt lqcg eSa lksp jgh Fkh fd D;k rqeus vius vkidks
dHkh xk; le>k gS ftls gj fnu esjh cklh [kcjsa ckj&ckj pckuh
iM+rh gSaA budh bruh vfèkd tqxkyh fd rqEgsa mcklh vk tk,
vkSj rqe eu gh eu dkeuk djks fd ,su oqQN u, lekpkj nsA
lkWjh] rqEgsa ;s ukyh osQ lM+rs ikuh dh rjg uhjl yxrk
gksxkA ysfdu ”kjk esjh gkyr dh dYiuk djks ftls jks”k&jks”k ;gh
lquuk iM+rk gSA vxj [kkus osQ oDr ckrphr jktuhfr ;k vPNs
[kkus osQ ckjs esa ugha gks jgh gksrh rks eEeh ;k fels”k oku nku
vius cpiu dh mu dgkfu;ksa dks ysdj cSB tkrh gSa tks ge
g”kkj ckj lqu pqosQ gSa ;k fiQj Mlsy 'kq: gks tkrs gSa [kwclwjr
jsl osQ ?kksM+s] mudh pkyksZV dk eg¡xk okWMZjksc] yhd djrh ukosa]
pkj cjl dh mez esa rSj ldus okys cPps] nnZ djrh ek¡lisf'k;k¡
vkSj Mjs gq, ejh”k — ;s lc fdLlsA bu lkjh ckrksa dk fupksM+ ;s
gS % tc Hkh ge vkBksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh viuk eq¡g [kksyrk gS] ckdh
lkrksa mlosQ fy, dgkuh iwjh dj ldrs gSaA fdlh Hkh yrhI+ksQ dks
lquus ls igys gh gesa mldh iap ykbu irk gksrh gSA urhtk ;g
forku
gksrk gS fd yrhI+kQk lqukus okys dks vosQys g¡luk iM+rk gSA vyx&vyx Xokys] jk'kuokys]
dlkbZ tks ?kjksa dh bu nks HkwriwoZ ekyfduksa osQ laioZQ esa vk,] bruh ckj muosQ pfj=k&fp=k.k
gks pqoQs gSa fd gekjh dYiuk 'kfDr esa muesa tksMu+ s osQ fy, oqQN Hkh ugha cpkA ,usDlh dh
;g gkyr gS fd ;gk¡ u;k ;k rk”kk lquus&lqukus dks oqQN Hkh ugha cpk gSA
fiQj Hkh] bu lkjh ph”kksa esa rk”kk lquus&lqukus dks oqQN Hkh ugha cpk gSA yksxksa dks
ued&fepZ yxkdj og lc oqQN nksgjkus dh vknr u gksrh tks feLVj Dyhesu] tkWu]
fe,i igys gh crk pqosQ gksrs gSaA dbZ ckj eSa es”k osQ uhps vius vkidks [kqn fpdksVh dkV
dj jksosQ jgrh gw¡ fd dgha fdlh dks Vksd u nw¡A NksVs cPps] [kkldj ,su dHkh Hkh fdlh
cM+s dks Vksdus] lgh ykbu ij ykus dh fgekdr u djsaA Hkys gh mudh xkM+h iVjh ls
66 mrjh tk jgh gks ;k mudh dYiuk'kfDr dk fnokyk fiV pqdk gksA
tkWu vkSj feLVj Dyhesu dks vKkrokl esa Nqis ;k Hkwfexr gks x, yksxksa osQ ckjs esa
ckr djuk vPNk yxrk gSA os tkurs gSa fd ge vius tSlh gkyr esa th jgs yksxksa dh ckrsa
tkuus osQ bPNqd gSaA gesa mu lcdh rdyhI+kQksa ls gennhZ gS tks fxjÝ+rkj gks x, gSa vkSj
mu yksxksa dh [kq'kh esa gekjh [kq'kh gS tks oSQn ls vk”kkn dj fn, x, gSAa Hkwfexr gksuk vkSj
vKkrokl esa pys tkuk rks vc vke ckr gks xbZ gSA gk¡ dbZ izfrjksèkh ny Hkh gS]a tSls Úh
uhnjySMa l~ tks udyh igpkui=k cukrs gS]a vKkrokl esa Nqis yksxksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk nsrs gS]a
;qok bZlkb;ksa osQ fy, dke ryk'krs gSAa fdruh gSjkuh dh ckr gS fd ;s yksx viuh tku
tksf[ke esa Mkydj nwljksa dh enn osQ fy, fdruk dke dj jgs gSAa bldk lcls cf<+;k
mnkgj.k gekjh enn djus okyksa dk gS] tks gekjh vkt rd enn djrs vk, gSa vkSj mEehn
rks ;gh gS fd os gesa lqjf{kr fdukjs rd ys vk,¡xAs bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd vxj os ,slk
ugha djrs rks mudh fdLer Hkh gekjh tSlh gks tk,xhA mUgksua s dHkh ugha dgk fd ge muosQ
fy, eqlhcr gSAa os jks”kkuk Åij vkrs gS]a iqjQ"kksa ls dkjksckj vkSj jktuhfr dh ckr djrs gS]a
efgykvksa ls [kkus vkSj ;q¼ osQ le; dh eqf'dyksa dh ckr djrs gS]a cPpksa ls fdrkcksa vkSj
v[kckjksa dh ckr djrs gSAa os ges'kk [kq'kfny fn[kus dh dksf'k'k djrs gS]a tUefnuksa vkSj nwljs
ekSdksa ij iwQy vkSj migkj ykrs gSAa ges'kk gj laHko enn djrs gSAa gesa ;s ckr dHkh Hkh ugha
Hkwyuh pkfg,A ,sls esa tc nwljs yksx teZuksa osQ f[kykI+kQ ;q¼ esa cgknqjh fn[kk jgs gS]a gekjs
ennxkj jks”kkuk viuh csgrjhu Hkkoukvksa vkSj I;kj ls gekjk fny thr jgs gSAa
vthc&vthc dgkfu;k¡ py jgh gSaA muesa dkI+kQh lp Hkh gSaA vHkh feLVj Dyhesu
xsYMjySaM esa Hkwfexr gks pqosQ vknfe;ksa vkSj iqfylokyksa osQ chp gq, I+kqQVcky eSp dk
f”kØ dj jgs Fks] fgYojle esa u, jk'kudkMZ tkjh fd, x,A (,sls yksxksa dks] tks vKkrokl
esa jg jgs gSa] jk'ku [kjhnus dh lqfoèkk gks losQ) vxj jk'kudkMZ u gks rks ,d dkMZ osQ
Mk;jh dV iUus
fy, 60 fxYMj nsus iM+rs gSaA f”kys esa vKkrokl esa jg jgs lHkh
yksxksa ls jftLVªkj us vkxzg fd;k fd os I+kQyk¡ fnu ,d vyx esT+k
ij vkdj vius dkMZ ys tk,¡A
bl lcosQ lkFk ;s Hkh [k;ky j[kuk iM+rk gS fd bl rjg
dh pkykfd;ksa dh teZuksa dks gok Hkh u yxsA
rqEgkjh] ,su 67
cqèkokj] 29 ekpZ] 1944

esjh I;kjh fd^h]
oSQfcuV ea=kh feLVj cksYosQ LVhu us yanu ls Mp izlkj.k
esa dgk fd ;q¼ osQ ckn ;q¼ dk o.kZu djus okyh Mk;fj;ksa vkSj
i=kksa dk laxzg fd;k tk,xkA vkSj fiQj gj dksbZ esjh Mk;jh ij
>iV iM+kA lkspks] ;s fdruk fnypLi gksxk tc eSa bl xqIr
,usDlh osQ ckjs esa Niokm¡QxhA mldk 'kh"kZd gh ,slk gksxk fd
yksx bls ,d tklwlh dgkuh le>saxsA
eSa lgh crk jgh gw¡] ;q¼ osQ nl lky ckn yksx blls
fdruk pfdr gksaxs fd tc mUgsa irk pysxk fd ge yksx oSQls
jgrs Fks] ge D;k [kkrs Fks vkSj ;gwfn;ksa osQ :i esa vKkrokl esa
ge D;k&D;k ckrsa djrs FksA gkyk¡fd eSa rqEgsa bl thou osQ ckjs
esa dkI+kQh&oqQN crk pqdh gw¡] fiQj Hkh rqe vHkh Hkh FkksM+k&lk gh
tku ikbZ gksA gokbZ geys osQ nkSjku vkSjrsa oSQlh Mj tkrh gSa_ vc
ns[kks uk] fiNys jfookj tc 350 fczfV'k ok;q;kuksa us bTeqbZMsu ij
550 Vu xksyk&ck:n cjlk;k rks gekjs ?kj ,sls dk¡i jgs Fks tSls
gok esa ?kkl dh ifÙk;k¡A ;k gekjs bu ?kjksa esa oSQlh egkekfj;k¡
iSQyh gqbZ gSaA
rqEgsa bl lcdh oqQN [kcj ugha gSA lc oqQN rqEgsa crkus esa
iwjk fnu yx tk,xkA yksxksa dks lfC”k;ksa vkSj lHkh izdkj osQ
lkekuksa osQ fy, ykbuksa esa [kM+s gksuk iM+rk gS_ MkWDVj vius ejh”kksa
dks ugha ns[k ikrs] D;ksafd mUgksaus ihB eksM+h ugha fd mudh dkjsa
vkSj eksVj lkbfdysa pqjk yh tkrh gSa] pksjh&pdkjh bruh c<+ xbZ
gS fd Mp yksxksa eas v¡xwBh iguus dk fjok”k rd ugha jg x;k gSA
forku
NksV&s NksVs cPps vkB&vkB] nl&nl cjl osQ gksxa s ysfdu yksxksa osQ ?kjksa dh f[kM+fd;k¡ rksM+
dj ?kql tkrs gSa vkSj tks Hkh gkFk yxk] mBk ys tkrs gSAa yksx ik¡p feuV osQ fy, Hkh viuk
?kj NksMu+ s dh fgEer ugha dj ldrs gS]a D;ksfa d ykSVus ij mUgsa ?kj esa >kM+w fiQjh feysxhA
pksjh x, VkbijkbVjks]a bZjkuh dkyhuks]a fctyh ls pyus okyh ?kfM+;ks]a diM+kas vkfn dks ykSVkus
osQ fy, v[kckjksa esa buke osQ foKkiu vk, fnu i<+us dks feyrs gSAa xyh&xyh uqDdM+kas ij
yxh fctyh ls pyus okyh ?kfM+;k¡ yksx mrkj ys x, vkSj lkoZtfud VsyhIk+ Qksuksa dk iq”kkZ&iq”kkZ xk;c
gks pqdk gSA
Mpksa dh uSfrdrk vPNh ugha gSA lc Hkw[ks gSa_ udyh dkWI+kQh dks NksM+ nks rks ,d
gÝ+rs dk jk'ku nks fnu Hkh ugha py ikrkA vHkh vkSj D;k ns[kuk ckdh gS] iq#"kksa dks teZuh
68 Hkstk tk jgk gS] cPps chekj gSa ;k fiQj Hkw[k ls csgky gSa_ lc yksx iQVs&iqjkus diM+s vkSj
f?kls&fiVs twrs igudj dke pyk jgs gSaA CySd ekosZQV esa twrs dk u;k ryk 7-50 fxYMj
dk feyrk gSA blosQ vykok cgqr de eksph ejEer dk dke dj jgs gSa] ;fn os djrs
Hkh gSa rks pkj eghus bar”kkj djuk iM+sxk vkSj bl chp twrk xk;c gks pqdk gksxkA
bldk ,d ykHk Hkh gqvk gS] [kkuk ftruk [kjkc gksrk tk jgk gS fcozQh mruh gh xaHkhj
gks jgh gS_ ljdkjh yksxksa ij geys dh ?kVuk,¡ c<+rh tk jgh gSAa [kk| dk;kZy;] iqfyl]
vfèkdkjh& lHkh ;k rks vius lkFkh ukxfjdksa dh enn dj jgs gSa ;k mu ij dksbZ vkjksi
yxkdj tsy esa Hkst nsrs gSAa lkSHkkX; ls cgqr de MPk yksx xyr i{k esa gSAa
rqEgkjh] ,su
eaxyokj] 11 vizSy] 1944

esjh I;kjh fd^h]
esjk flj ?kwe jgk gSA le> esa ugha vk jgk] dgk¡ ls 'kq: d:¡A xq#okj (tc eSaus
rqEgsa fiNyh ckj fy[kk Fkk) lc oqQN Bhd&Bkd FkkA 'kqozQokj (xqM izQkbMs) ge eksukiksyh
[ksy [ksyrs jgsA 'kfuokj Hkh ge ;gh [ksy [ksysA fnu irk gh ugha pyk] oSQls chr x,A
'kfuokj dksbZ nks cts dk oDr jgk gksxk] rsT+k xksykckjh 'kq: gks xbZA e'khuxusa py jgh FkhaA
enZ yksxksa dk ;gh dguk FkkA ckdh yksxksa osQ fy, lc oqQN 'kkar FkkA
jfookj nksigj osQ oDr esjs vkea=k.k ij ihVj lk<+s pkj cts eq>ls feyus osQ fy,
vk;kA lok ik¡p cts ge mQij lkeus okyh vVkjh ij pys x,A ogk¡ ge N% cts rd
jgsA N% cts ls lok lkr cts rd jsfM;ks ij cgqr gh [kwclwjr eksR”kkVZ laxhr ct jgk
FkkA eq>s jkf=k jkx cgqr gh Hkys yxsA EkSa jlksbZ esa rks laxhr lqu gh ugha ikrh] D;ksafd fnO;
laxhr esjh vkRek dh xgjkb;ksa esa mrjrk pyk tkrk gSA jfookj osQ fnu ihVj Luku ugha
Mk;jh dV iUus
dj ik;k FkkA ugkus dk Vc uhps vkWfI+kQl esa xans diM+ksa ls Hkjk

gqvk j[kk FkkA ge nksuksa mQij vVkjh ij ,d lkFk x,A ge nksuksa
vkjke ls cSB losaQ] blfy, eq>s tks Hkh oqQ'ku lkeus uT+kj vk;k]
eSa mQij ysrh xbZA ge ,d isVh ij cSB x,A vc gqvk ;g fd
,d rks og isVh cgqr NksVh Fkh vkSj nwljs oqQ'ku Hkh NksVk&lk gh
Fkk] ge nksuksa ,d&nwljs ls cgqr lV dj cSBs gq, FksA lgkjk ysus 69
osQ fy, gekjs ihNs nks vkSj isfV;k¡ Fkha ghA eks'ph gesa oaQiuh nsus
osQ fy, gekjs lkFk Fkh ghA
vpkud ikSus ukS cts feLVj oku nku us lhVh ctkbZ vkSj
iwNk fd dgha ge feLVj Mlsy dk oqQ'ku rks ugha ys vk, gSaA
ge owQns vkSj oqQ'ku ysdj lhèks uhps vk x,A fcYyh vkSj feLVj
oku nku gekjs lkFk FksA ;g oqQ'ku gh lkjs >xM+s dh tM+ FkkA Mlsy
blfy, [kI+kQk Fks fd eSa oks rfd;k mBk ykbZ Fkh ftls os oqQ'ku dh
rjg bLrseky djrs FksA mUgsa Mj Fkk fd muosQ rfd, ij fiLlq
fpid tk,¡xAs mUgksua s lkjs ?kj dks flj ij mBk j[kk Fkk D;ksfa d ge
mudk oqQ'ku mBk yk, FksA cnyk ysus dh uh;r ls ihVj vkSj eSua s
muosQ fcLrj eas nks dM+s cz'q k ?kqlMs + fn, ysfdu tc feLVj Mlsy
us r; fd;k fd tkdj vius dejs esa cSBxas s rks gesa ;s cz'q k fudky
ysus iM+As bl NksVs ls izglu ij ge g¡lrs&g¡lrs yksV&iksV gks x,A
ysfdu gekjk g¡lh&eT+kkd tYnh gh [kRe gks x;kA lk<+s&ukS
cts ihVj us gkSys ls njokT+kk [kV[kVk;k vkSj ikik ls dgk fd os
”kjk mQij vk,¡] mls vaxzs”kh osQ ,d dfBu okD; esa fnDdr vk
jgh gSA
êq>s rks nky esa oqQN dkyk uT+kj vk jgk gSA* eSaus ekxksZV ls
dgk] ^r; gS] ihVj us fdlh vkSj cgkus ls ;g ckr dgh gSA*
ftl rjhosQ ls enZ yksx ckr dj jgs gSa] eSa 'krZ yxk dj dg
ldrh gw¡ fd lasèkekjh gks jgh FkhA firk th] feLVj oku nku vkSj
ihVj yid dj uhps ig¡qp x,A ekxksZV] ek¡] fels”k oku nku vkSj
EkSa mQij bar”kkj djrs jgsA pkj Mjh&lgeh vkSjrsa ckrsa gh rks dj
ldrh gSaA tc rd geus uhps T+kksj dk ,d èkekdk ugha lquk] ge
ckrksa esa yxh jghaA mlosQ ckn dk ekeyk gSA esjk lkspuk lgh FkkA
forku
mlh oDr xksnke esa lc oqQN 'kkar gks x;kA ?kM+h us ikSus nl ctk,A gekjs psgjksa dk jax
mM+ pqdk Fkk] blosQ ckotwn fd ge Mjs gq, Fks] ge 'kkar cus jgsA vkneh yksx dgk¡ Fks\
;s èkekosQ dh vkok”k oSQlh Fkh\ D;k os yksx lsaèkekjkas osQ lkFk yM+ jgs Fks\ ge Mj osQ
ekjs lksp Hkh ugha ik jgs FksA ge flI+kZQ barT+kkj gh dj ldrs FksA
nl cts] lhf<+;ksa ij dneksa dh vkok”ksa vkb±A ikik dk psgjk ihyk iM+ pqdk Fkk] os
uoZl FksA igys os Hkhrj vk,A muosQ ihNs feLVj oku nku] ^cfÙk;k¡ can dj nks] ncs ik¡o
mQij okyh eaf”ky ij pys tkvks] iqfyl osQ vkus dh vk'kadk gSA*
vc Mjus dk oDr Hkh ugha cpk FkkA cfÙk;k¡ cq>k nh xb± FkhaA eSaus iQVkiQV ,d tSosQV
mBkbZ vkSj ge mQij tkdj cSB x,A gesa oqQN Hkh crkusokyk dksbZ Hkh ugha FkkA enZ yksx
70 okil uhps tk pqosQ FksA os pkjksa nl ct dj nl feuV rd okfil gh ugha vk,A nks yksx
ihVj dh [kqyh f[kM+dh esa ls fuxkg j[ks gq, FksA lhf<+;ksa osQ chp okys njok”ks ij rkyk
tM+ fn;k x;k FkkA cqdosQl can dj fn;k x;k FkkA geus jkr dks tykbZ tkus okyh cÙkh
ij ,d LosVj Mky fn;kA rc mUgksaus gesa lc oqQN crk;k fd D;k gqvk FkkA
ihVj vHkh lhf<+;ksa ij gh Fkk tc mlus T+kksj osQ nks èkekosQ lqusA og uhps x;k rks
ns[krk D;k gS fd xksnke osQ njokT+ks esa ls ckb± rjI+kQ dk vkèkk iQ^k xk;c gSA og yid
dj mQij vk;k vkSj ^gkse xkM~Zl* dks pkSdUuk fd;kA os pkjksa yiosQ&yiosQ uhps x,A tc
os xksnke esa ig¡qps rks lasèkekj vius èkaèks esa yxs gq, FksA fcuk lksps&le>s feLVj oku nku
fpYyk,] îqfyl---* ckgj Hkkxus dh vkok”ksa vkb±A lsaèkekj Hkkx pqosQ FksA iQ^s dks nksckjk
mldh txg ij yxk;k x;k rkfd iqfyl dks bl xSi dk irk u pysA ysfdu vHkh ,d
iy Hkh ugha chrk Fkk fd iQ^k fiQj okil uhps fxjk fn;k x;kA iq#"k yksx---laès kekjksa dh f<BkbZ
ij gSjku FksA feLVj oku nku vkSj ihVj xqLls osQ ekjs FkjFkjkus yxsA feLVj oku nku us njokT+ks
ij oqQYgkM+h dk ,d Tk+ ksjnkj izgkj fd;kA mlosQ ckn lc oqQN 'kkar gks x;kA ,d ckj fiQj
iQ^s dks mldh txg ij tek;k x;k vkSj ,d ckj fiQj mudk ;g iz;kl fu"iQy dj fn;k
x;kA ckgj dh rjI+kQ ls ,d vkneh vkSj ,d vkSjr VkWpZ dh jks'kuh isQa drs fn[kkbZ fn,A ^D;k
eqlhcr gS---* mu vknfe;ksa esa lss ,d HkquHkquk;kA ysfdu vc ladV ;g Fkk fd mudh
Hkwfedk,¡ cny pqdh FkhaA vc os iqfyl osQ ctk, lsèa kekjksa okyh gkyr esa vk x, FksA pkjksa
yid dj mQij vk,A Mlsy vkSj feLVj oku nku us Mlsy lkgc dh fdrkcsa mBkb±] ihVj
us njok”kk [kksyk] jlksbZ rFkk izkbosV vkWfI+kQl dh f[kM+fd;k¡ [kksyhaA I+kQksu dks uhps I+kQ'kZ ij
iVdk vkSj vkf[kjdkj pkjksa cqdosQl osQ ihNs igqp ¡ us esa liQy gks gh x,A
rqEgkjh] ,su
Mk;jh dV iUus
eaxyokj] 13 twu] 1944

esjh I;kjh fd^h]
esjk ,d vkSj tUefnu xq”kj x;k gSA bl fglkc ls eSa
ianzg cjl dh gks xbZ gw¡A eq>s dkI+kQh lkjs migkj feys gSa²
fLizaxj dh ik¡p [kaMksa okyh dykRed bfrgkl iqLrd] pfb;ksa dk
,d lsV] nks csYVs]a ,d :eky] ngh osQ nks dVksj]s tSe dh 'kh'kh] 71
'kgn okys nks NksVs fcfLdV] eEeh&ikik dh rjI+kQ ls ouLifr
foKku dh ,d fdrkc] ekxksVZ dh rjI+kQ ls lksus dk ,d czl s ysV]
oku nku ifjokj dh rjI+kQ ls fLVdj ,yce] Mlsy dh rjI+kQ ls
ck;ksekYV vkSj ehBs eVj] fe,i dh rjIk+ Q ls feBkbZ] csi dh rjI+kQ
ls feBkbZ vkSj fy[kus osQ fy, dkWfi;k¡ vkSj lcls cM+h ckr feLVj
oqQxyj dh rjIk+ Q ls ekfj;k rsjl
s k uke dh fdrkc rFkk Øhe ls Hkjs
ph”k osQ rhu LykblA ihVj us ihvksuh iwQyksa dk [kwclwjr xqynLrk
fn;kA cspkjs dks ;s migkj tqVkus esa gh vPNh [kklh esgur djuh
iM+hA ysfdu og oqQN vkSj tqVk gh ugha ik;kA
csgn [kjkc ekSleμyxkrkj ckfj'k] gok,¡] vkSj mI+kQku ij
leqnz osQ ckotwn geys 'kkunkj rjhosQ ls tkjh gSaA
dy pfPZky] LeV~l] vkbtugkoj] rFkk vkeksZYM mu izQkalhlh
xk¡oksa esa x, ftu ij fczfV'k lSfudksa us igys dC”kk dj fy;k Fkk
vkSj ckn esa eqDr dj fn;kA pfPZky ,d VkWjihMks uko esa FksA
blls rVksa ij xksykckjh dh tkrh gSA cgqr ls yksxksa dh rjg
pfPZky dks Hkh irk ugha gSμMj fdl fpfM+;k dk uke gSA
tUetkr cgknqjA
;gk¡ gekjh ,usDlh dh fdyscanh ls Mp yksxksa osQ ewM dh
Fkkg ikuk cgqr eqf'dy gSA bl ckr esa dksbZ 'kd ugha fd
yksxckx cSBs Bkys Hkh [kq'k jg ysrs gSaA fczfV'k lSfudksa us vkf[kj
viuh dej dl gh yh gS vkSj vius edln dks iwjk djus osQ
fy, fudy iM+s gSaA tks yksx ;s nkos djrs fiQj jgs gSa fd os
fczfV'k }kjk dC”kk fd, tkus osQ i{k esa ugha gSa] ugha tkurs fd
os fdruh xyrh ij gSaA muosQ roZQ dk dkj.k bruk Hkj
gSμfczfV'k dks yM+rs jguk pkfg,] la?k"kZ djuk pkfg,] vkSj gkWySaM
forku
dks vk”kkn djkus osQ fy, vius 'kwjohj lSfudksa dh 'kgknr osQ fy, vkxs vkuk pkfg,A
gkWySaM osQ lkFk&lkFk dC”ks okys nwljs ns'kksa dks Hkh vk”kkn djkuk pkfg,] ysfdu mlosQ ckn
fczfV'k dks gkWySaM esa jQduk ugha pkfg,A blosQ ctk; mUgsa pkfg, fd os lHkh dC”ks okys
ns'kksa ls gkFk tksM+&tksM+dj ekI+kQh ek¡xsa] Mp bZLV baMh”k dks mlosQ lgh gdnkjksa osQ gkFkksa
esa lkSais vkSj FkosQ] VwVs] gkjs vkSj yqVs&fiVs vius ns'k fczVsu esa ykSV tk,¡A ew[kks± dh dgha
dksbZ deh ugha gSA blosQ ckotwn] tSlk fd eSaus dgk] oqQNsd le>nkj Mp yksxksa dh Hkh
deh ugha gSA vxj fczfV'k us teZuh osQ lkFk 'kkafr laf/ ij gLrk{kj dj fy, gksrs rks
gkWySaM vkSj mlosQ iM+kslh ns'kksa dk D;k gky gqvk gksrkA mlosQ ikl ,slk djus osQ cgqr
ekSosQ ekStwn FksA gkWySaM teZuh cu pqdk gksrk vkSj rc---;g gksuk gh lekfIr dk laosQr gksrkA
72 lc oqQN [kRe gks tkus dk laosQrA
,sls lHkh Mp yksx] tks vHkh Hkh fczfV'k dks fgdkjr ls ns[krs gSa] fczVsu dh f[kYyh
mM+krs gS]a mlosQ cq<k+ rs ykWMks± dh ljdkj dks rkus ekjrs gS]a mUgsa dk;j dgrs gS]a blosQ ckotwn
teZuksa ls uIk+ Qjr djrs gS]a ,d vPNk&[kklk lcd fl[kkus osQ yk;d gSAa mudh tedj ejEer
dh tkuh pkfg, rHkh gekjs tax yxs fnekx [kqyxas As muesa tks'k vk,xkA
esjs fnekx esa gj le; bPNk,¡] fopkj] vkjksi rFkk Mk¡V&iQVdkj gh pDdj [kkrs jgrs
gSAa eSa lpeqp mruh ?keaMh ugha gw¡ ftruk yksx eq>s le>rs gSAa eSa fdlh vkSj dh rqyuk esa
viuh dbZ de”kksfj;ksa vkSj [kkfe;ksa dks csgrj rjhosQ ls tkurh gwA¡ ysfdu ,d I+kQoZQ gSμeSa
tkurh gw¡ fd eSa [kqn dks cnyuk pkgrh gw]¡ cnywx¡ h vkSj dkIk+ Qh gn rd cny pqdh gwA¡
rc ,slk D;ksa gS] eSa vius vki ls ;g loky iwNrh gw¡ fd yksx eq>s vHkh Hkh bruk
ukd ?kqlsM+w vkSj vius vkidks rhlekj[kk¡ le>us okyh D;ksa ekurs gSa\ D;k eSa okdbZ
vD[kM+ gw¡\ D;k eSa gh vosQyh vD[kM+ gw¡ ;k os lc gh gSa\ ;g lc okfg;kr yxrk gS]
eq>s irk gSA ysfdu eSa mQij fy[kk ;s vkf[kjh okD; dkVus okyh ughaA ;s okD; bruk
ew[kZrkiw.kZ ugha gS ftruk yxrk gSA eq> ij ges'kk vkjksiksa dh ckSNkj djrs jgus okys nks
yksx gSa fels”k oku nku vkSj Mlsy] muosQ ckjs esa lcdks irk gS fd os fdrus tM+cqf¼
gSaA ew[kZ ftlosQ vkxs dksbZ fo'ks"k.k yxkus dh ”k:jr ughaA ew[kZ yksx vkerkSj ij bl ckr
dks lgu ugha dj ikrs fd dksbZ muls csgrj dke djosQ fn[kk,A vkSj bldk lcls cf<+;k
mnkgj.k ;s nks tM+efr] fels”k oku nku vkSj ew[kkZfèkjkt Mlsy gSaA fels”k oku nku eq>s
blfy, ew[kZ le>rh gSa D;ksafd eSa muosQ ftruh chekfj;ksa dh f'kdkj ugha gw¡A os eq>s
vD[kM+ le>rh gSa D;ksafd os eq>ls Hkh ”;knk vD[kM+ gSaA os le>rh gSa fd esjh iks'kkosaQ
NksVh iM+ xbZ gSa] D;ksafd mudh iks'kkosaQ vkSj Hkh ”;knk NksVh iM+ xbZ gSaA vkSj os le>rh
gSa fd eSa vius vkidks oqQN ”;knk gh rhlekj[kk¡ le>rh gw¡ D;ksafd os mu fo"k;ksa ij
Mk;jh dV iUus
eq>ls Hkh nks xquk ”;knk cksyrh gSa ftuosQ ckjs esa os [kkd Hkh ugha
tkurhaA ;g ckr Mlsy ij Hkh fiQV gksrh gSA ysfdu esjh fiz;
dgkor gSμ^tgk¡ vkx gksxh] /qvk¡ Hkh ogha gksxk*A vkSj eq>s ;g
ekuus esa jÙkh&Hkj Hkh ladksp ugha gS fd eSa lc oqQN tkurh gw¡A
esjs O;fDrRo osQ lkFk lcls eqf'dy ckr ;g gS fd eSa
fdlh Hkh vkSj O;fDr dh rqyuk esa vius vkidks lcls 73
f/Ddkjrh gw¡] ;fn ek¡ viuh lykgsa nsuk 'kq: dj nsrh gSa rks
muosQ mins'kksa dh iksVyh bruh Hkkjh gks tkrh gS fd eq>s Mj
yxus yxrk gSμ oSQls gksxh blls eqfDr! tc rd ,su dk ogh
iqjkuk :i lkeus ugha vk tkrkμ êq>s dksbZ ugha le>rkA*
;g okD; esjk fgLlk gSA cs'kd yxs fd ,slk ugha gksxk]
fiQj Hkh blesa FkksM+s ls lp dk va'k gSA dbZ ckj rks eSa vius
vkidks izrkfM+r djrs gq, bruh xgjs mrj tkrh gw¡ fd lkaRouk osQ
nks cksy lquus osQ fy, rjl tkrh gw¡ fd dksbZ vk, vkSj eq>s blls
mckjsA dk'k] dksbZ rks gksrk tks esjh Hkkoukvksa dks xaHkhjrk ls le>
ikrkA vI+kQlksl] ,slk O;fDr eq>s vc rd ugha feyk gS] blfy,
ryk'k tkjh jgsxhA
eq>s irk gS] rqe ihVj osQ ckjs esa lkspdj gSjku gks jgh gksA
ugha D;k] fd^h\ eSa ekurh gw¡ fd ;g lp gS fd ihVj eq>s I;kj
djrk gS] xyZisazQM dh rjg ugha cfYd ,d nksLr dh rjgA
mldk Lusg fnu ij fnu c<+rk gh tk jgk gS_ ysfdu dbZ ckj
dksbZ jgL;e;h rkdr ge nksuksa dks ihNs dh rjI+kQ [khaprh gSA eSa
ugha tkurh fd oks dkSu&lh 'kfDr gSA
dbZ ckj eSa lksprh gw¡ fd eSa mlosQ ihNs ftl rjg
izsenhokuh cuh jgrh gw¡] mls c<+k&p<+kdj crk jgh gw¡] ysfdu
;g lp ugha gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd vxj eSa mlosQ dejs
esa ,d&nks fnu osQ fy, u tk ikmQ¡ rks esjh cqjh gkyr gks tkrh
gSA eSa mlosQ fy, rM+ius yxrh gw¡A ihVj vPNk vkSj Hkyk yM+dk
gS_ ysfdu mlus eq>s dbZ rjg ls fujk'k fd;k gSA /eZ osQ izfr
mldh uI+kQjr] [kkus osQ ckjs esa mldk ckrsa djuk vkSj bl rjg
dh vkSj dbZ ckrsa eSa fcYkoqQy Hkh ilan ugha djrhA blosQ
forku
ckotwn eq>s iDdk ;dhu gS fd geus tks ok;nk fd;k gS fd dHkh >xM+saxs ugha] ge ml
ij ges'kk fVosQ jgsaxsA ihVj 'kkafrfiz;] lgu'khy vkSj csgn lgt vkReh; O;fDr gSA og
eq>s dbZ ,slh ckrsa Hkh dg ysus nsrk gS ftUgsa dgus dh og viuh eEeh dks Hkh btk”kr
u nsrkA og n`<+ fu'p;h gksdj bl eqfge ij tqVk gqvk gS fd og vius ij yxs gq, lHkh
bY”kkeksa ls vius vkidks ikd&lkI+kQ djs vkSj vius dke&dkt esa lyhdk yk,A blosQ
ckotwn og vius Hkhrjh ^Lo* dks eq>ls Nqikrk D;ksa gS vkSj eq>s dHkh Hkh bl ckr dh
vuqefr ugha nsrk fd eSa mlesa >k¡ow¡QA fu'p; gh] og esjh rqyuk esa ”;knk ?kqUuk gS] ysfdu
eSa vuqHko ls tkurh gw¡ (gkyk¡fd eq> ij yxkrkj ;g vkjksi yxk;k tkrk gS fd tks oqQN
Hkh tkuuk pkfg, og eSa F;ksjh esa tkurh gw¡] O;ogkj esa ugha) fd dbZ ckj] ,sls ?kqUus yksx
74 Hkh] ftuls laokn dj ikuk cgqr eqf'dy gksrk gS] viuh ckr fdlh ls dg ikus dh mRdV
pkg fy, gksrs gSaA
ihVj vkSj eSaus] nksuksa us vius ¯pru'khy cjl] ,usDlh esa gh fcrk, gSaA ge vdlj
Hkfo";] orZeku vkSj vrhr dh ckrsa djrs gSa] ysfdu tSlk fd eSa rqEgsa crk pqdh gw¡] eSa
vlyh ph”k dh deh eglwl djrh gw¡ vkSj tkurh gw¡ fd og ekStwn gSA
D;k bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd eSa vjls ls ckgj ugha fudyh gw¡ vkSj izo`Qfr osQ fy,
ikxy gqbZ tk jgh gw¡A eSa ml oDr dks ;kn djrh gw¡ tc uhyk vkleku] if{k;ksa dh
pgpgkus dh vkok”k] pk¡nuh vkSj f[kyrh dfy;k¡] bu ph”kksa us eq>s dHkh Hkh vius tknw
ls ck¡èkk u gksrkA esjs ;gk¡ vkus osQ ckn ph”ksa cny xbZ gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy, Nqf^;ksa osQ
nkSjku dh ckr gSA csgn xjeh FkhA eSa jkr osQ lk<+s X;kjg cts rd ”kcjnLrh vk¡[ksa [kksys
cSBh jgh rkfd eSa vius vosQys osQ cwrs ij vPNh rjg pk¡n dks ns[k low¡QA vI+kQlksl] esjh
lkjh esgur csdkj xbZA pkSaèk bruh ”;knk Fkh fd f[kM+dh [kksyus dk tksf[ke ugha fy;k
tk ldrk FkkA dbZ eghus ckn ,d vkSj ekSdk ,slk vk;k FkkA ml jkr eSa mQij okyh eaf”ky
ij FkhA f[kM+dh [kqyh gqbZ FkhA tc rd f[kM+dh can djus dk oDr ugha gks x;k] eSa ogha
cSBh jghA ;g xgjh] lk¡oyh cjlkr dh jkr FkhA rs”k gok,¡ py jgh FkhaA cknyksa osQ chp
yqdkfNih py jgh FkhA bl lkjs u”kkjs us eq>s ea=keqX/ dj fn;k FkkA fiNys Ms<+ cjl esa
;g igyh ckj gks jgk Fkk fd eSa vkeus&lkeus jkr ls lk{kkRdkj dj jgh FkhA ml 'kke
osQ ckn izo`Qfr ls lk{kkRdkj djus dh esjh pkg yxkrkj c<+rh xbZ FkhA rc eq>s pksj
mpDdksa] eksVs dkys pwgs ;k iqfyl osQ Nkis dk Hkh Mj ugha jgk FkkA eSa vosQys gh uhps
pyh xbZ Fkh vkSj jlksbZ rFkk izkbosV vkWfI+kQl dh f[kM+dh ls izo`Qfr osQ u”kkjs ns[krh jgh
FkhA dbZ yksx lksprs gSa fd izo`Qfr lqanj gksrh gS] dbZ yksx le;≤ ij rkjksa Hkjs
vkleku osQ rys lksrs gSa] vkSj dbZ yksx vLirkyksa vkSj tsyksa esa ml fnu dh jkg ns[krs
Mk;jh dV iUus
jgrs gSa fd os dc vk”kkn gksaxs vkSj os fiQj ls izo`Qfr osQ bl

vuwBs migkj dk vkuan ys ik,¡xsA izo`Qfr xjhc&vehj osQ chp
dksbZ HksnHkko ugha djrhA
;g esjh dYiuk ek=k ugha gSμvkleku] cknyksa] pk¡n vkSj
rkjksa dh rjI+kQ ns[kuk eq>s 'kkafr vkSj vk'kk dh Hkkouk ls ljkcksj
dj nsrk gSA ;g osysfj;u ;k czksekbM dh rqyuk esa vk”kek;k gqvk
75
csgrj uqL[kk gSA 'kkafr ikus dh jkeck.k nokA izo`Qfr eq>s fouezrk
dk migkj nsrh gS vkSj blls eSa cM+s ls cM+k /Ddk Hkh fgEer
osQ lkFk >sy tkrh gw¡A ysfdu fdLer dk fy[kk ;gh gSμoqQNsd
nqyZHk voljksa dks NksM+dj eSa eSy ls phdV gqbZ f[kM+fd;ksa esa
[kq¡ls xans ijnksa esa ls izo`Qfr dks cgqr gh de fugkj ikrh gw¡A bl
rjg ls ns[kus ls vkuan ysus dh lkjh Hkkouk gh ej tkrh gSA
izo`Qfr gh rks ,d ,slk ojnku gS ftldk dksbZ lkuh ughaA
dbZ iz'uksa esa ls ,d iz'u tks eq>s vdlj ijs'kku djrk
jgrk gS vkSj vHkh Hkh le>k tkrk gS ;g dg nsuk cgqr gh vklku
gS fd ;s xyr gS] ysfdu esjs fy, bruk gh dkI+kQh ugha gSA eSa bl
fojkV vU;k; osQ dkj.k tkuuk pkgrh gwA¡
laHkor% iq#"kksa us vkSjrksa ij 'kq: ls gh bl vkèkkj ij 'kklu
djuk 'kq: fd;k fd os mudh rqyuk esa 'kkjhfjd :i ls ”;knk
l{ke gSa_ iq#"k gh dekdj ykrk gS_ cPps ikyrk ikslrk gS_ vkSj
tks eu esa vk,] djrk gS] ysfdu gky gh esa fLFkfr cnyh gSA
vkSjrsa vc rd bu lcdks lgrh pyh vk jgh Fkha] tks fd
csoowQI+kQh gh FkhA pw¡fd bl izFkk dks ftruk vfèkd tkjh j[kk x;k]
;g mruh gh xgjkbZ ls viuh tM+sa tekrh pyh xbZA lkSHkkX; ls]
f'k{kk] dke rFkk izxfr us vkSjrksa dh vk¡[ksa [kksyh gSaA dbZ ns'kksa esa
rks mUgsa cjkcjh dk gd fn;k tkus yxk gSA dbZ yksxksa us] dbZ
vkSjrksa us vkSj oqQNsd iq#"kksa us Hkh vc bl ckr dks eglwl fd;k
gS fd brus yacs vjls rd bl rjg dh okfg;kr fLFkfr dks
>syrs tkuk xyr gh FkkA vkèkqfud efgyk,¡ iwjh rjg Lora=k gksus
dk gd pkgrh gSaA
forku
ysfdu bruk gh dkI+kQh ugha gSA efgykvksa dk Hkh iwjk lEeku fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
vkerkSj ij ns[kk tk, rks iwjh nqfu;k esa iq#"k oxZ dks iwjk lEeku feyrk gS rks efgykvksa
us gh D;k oqQlwwj fd;k gS fd os blls oafpr jgsa vkSj mUgsa vius fgLls dk lEeku u feysA
lSfudksa vkSj ;q¼ksa osQ ohjksa dk lEeku fd;k tkrk gS] mUgsa vyao`Qr fd;k tkrk gS] mUgsa
vej cuk Mkyus rd dk 'kkS;Z iznku fd;k tkrk gS] 'kghnksa dks iwtk Hkh tkrk gS] ysfdu
fdrus yksx ,sls gSa tks vkSjrksa dks Hkh lSfud dk ntkZ nsrs gSa\
êkSr osQ f[kykI+kQ euq";* uke dh fdrkc esa eSaus i<+k Fkk fd vkerkSj ij ;q¼ esa
yM+us okys ohj dks ftruh rdyhI+kQ] ihM+k] chekjh vkSj ;a=k.kk ls xq”kjuk iM+rk gS] mlls
dgha vfèkd rdyhI+ksaQ vkSjrsa cPps dks tUe nsrs le; >syrh gSa vkSj bu lkjh rdyhI+kQksa
76 ls xq”kjus osQ ckn mls iqjLdkj D;k feyrk gS\ tc cPpk tuus osQ ckn mldk 'kjhj
viuk vkd"kZ.k [kks nsrk gS rks mls ,d rjI+kQ èkfd;k fn;k tkrk gS] mlosQ cPps mls NksM+
nsrs gSa vkSj mldk lkSan;Z mlls fonk ys ysrk gSA vkSjr gh rks gS tks ekuo tkfr dh
fujarjrk dks cuk, j[kus osQ fy, bruh rdyhI+kQksa ls xq”kjrh gS vkSj la?k"kZ djrh gS] cgqr
vfèkd e”kcwr vkSj cgknqj flikfg;ksa ls Hkh ”;knk esgur djosQ [kVrh gSA og ftruk
la?k"kZ djrh gS] mruk rks cM+h&cM+h Mhaxsa gk¡dusokys ;s lkjs flikgh feydj Hkh ugha djrsA
esjk ;s dgus dk drbZ eryc ughaa gS fd vkSjrksa dks cPps tuuk can dj nsuk pkfg,]
blosQ foijhr izo`Qfr pkgrh gS fd os ,slk djsa vkSj bl otg ls mUgsa ;g dke djrs jguk
pkfg,A eSa ftl ph”k dh HkRlZuk djrh gw¡ og gS gekjs ewY;ksa dh izFkk vkSj ,sls O;fDr;ksa
dh eSa HkRlZuk djrh gw¡ tks ;g ckr ekuus dks rS;kj gh ugha gksrs fd lekt esa vkSjrksa]
[kwclwjr vkSj lkSan;Ze;h vkSjrksa dk ;ksxnku fdruk egku vkSj eqf'dy gSA
eSa bl iqLrd osQ ys[kd Jh iksy ns ozqQbiQ th ls iwjh rjg lger gw¡ tc os dgrs
gSa fd iq#"kksa dks ;g ckr lh[kuh gh pkfg, fd lalkj osQ ftu fgLlksa dks ge lH; dgrs
gSaμogk¡ tUe vfuok;Z vkSj Vkyk u tk ldus okyk dke ugha jg x;k gSA vknfe;ksa osQ
fy, ckr djuk cgqr vklku gksrk gSμmUgsa vkSjrksa }kjk >syh tkus okyh rdyhI+kQksa ls dHkh
Hkh xq”kjuk ugha iM+sxkA
esjk fo'okl gS fd vxyh lnh vkus rd ;g ekU;rk cny pqdh gksxh fd cPps iSnk
djuk gh vkSjrksa dk dke gSA vkSjrsa ”;knk lEeku vkSj ljkguk dh gdnkj cusxa hA os lc
vkSjrsa tks ,d mIk+ Q Hkh fd, fcuk] ;g yac&s pkSMs+ c[kkuksa osQ fcuk ;s rdyhI+kQas lgrh gSAa
rqEgkjh
,su-,e-izSaQd
μ vuqokn % lwjtizdk'k
Mk;jh dV iUus
vH;kl
1- ¶;g lkB yk[k yksxksa dh rjI+kQ ls cksyusokyh ,d vkok”k gSA ,d ,slh
vkok”k] tks fdlh lar ;k dfo dh ugha] cfYd ,d lkèkkj.k yM+dh dh
gSA¸ bY;k bgjucqxZ dh bl fVIi.kh osQ lanHkZ esa ,su izSaQd dh Mk;jh osQ
ifBr va'kksa ij fopkj djsaA
2- ¶dk'k] dksbZ rks gksrk tks esjh Hkkoukvksa dks xaHkhjrk ls le> ikrkA 77
vI+kQlksl] ,slk O;fDr eq>s vc rd ugha feyk---A¸ D;k vkidks yxrk
gS fd ,su osQ bl dFku esa mlosQ Mk;jh ys[ku dk dkj.k fNik gS\
3- îzo`Qfr&iznÙk iztuu&'kfDr osQ mi;ksx dk vf/dkj cPps iSnk djsa ;k
u djsa vFkok fdrus cPps iSnk djsaμ bl dh Lora=krk L=kh ls Nhu dj
gekjh fo'o&O;oLFkk us u flI+kZQ L=kh dks O;fDrRo&fodkl osQ vusd
voljksa ls oafpr fd;k gS cfYd tukaf/D; dh leL;k Hkh iSnk dh gS*A
,su dh Mk;jh osQ 13 twu] 1944 osQ va'k esa O;Dr fopkjksa osQ lanHkZ esa
bl dFku dk vkSfpR; <w¡<s+aA
4- ¶,su dh Mk;jh vxj ,d ,sfrgkfld nkSj dk thoar nLrkos”k gS] rks lkFk
gh mlosQ futh lq[k&nq[k vkSj HkkoukRed mFky&iqFky dk HkhA bu i`"Bksa
esa nksuksa dk I+kQoZQ feV x;k gSA¸ bl dFku ij fopkj djrs gq, viuh
lgefr ;k vlgefr roZQiwoZd O;Dr djsaA
5- ,su us viuh Mk;jh ^fd^h* dks lacksfèkr fp_h dh 'kDy esa fy[kus
dh ”k:jr D;ksa eglwl dh gksxh\
bls Hkh tkusa

uk”kh nLrkos”kksa osQ ik¡p djksM+ iUuksa esa ,su izaQS d dk uke osQoy ,d ckj
vk;k gS ysfdu vius ys[ku osQ dkj.k vkt ,su g”kkjksa iUuksa esa nTkZ gSa
ftldk ,d uewuk ;g [kcj Hkh gSμ
forku
uk”kh vfHkys[kkxkj ds nLrkos”kksa esa eg”k ,d uke osQ :i esa nI+kQu gS ,su izSaQd
cknjksylsu] 26 uoacj (,ih)A uk”kh ;kruk ckn esa eqvko”ks osQ nkoksa osQ lac/ a esa izek.k i=k tkjh
f'kfojksa dk jkSxa Vs [kM+s djus okyk fp=k.k dj nqfu;k djus esa fd;k tkrk jgk gSA ysfdu vke yksxksa dks bls
Hkj esa e'kgwj gqbZ ,suh iSaQz d dk uke gkySaM osQ mu ns[kus dh vuqefr ugha nh xbZ gSA
g”kkjksa yksxksa dh lwph esa eg”k ,d uke osQ :i esa eè; teZuh osQ bl 'kgj esa 25-7 fdyksehVj
ntZ gS tks ;kruk f'kfojksa esa can FksA yach vyekfj;ksa vkSj oSQfcusVksa esa laxfz gr bu I+kQkbyksa
uk”kh ujlagkj ls tqMs+ nLrkos”kksa osQ nqfu;k osQ esa mu g”kkjksa ;kruk f'kfojks]a ca/v q k e”knwj osQa nzkas vkSj
lcls cM+s vfHkys[kkxkj ,d th.kZ'kh.kZ iQkby esa 40 mRihM+u osQa nzkas ls tqMs+ nLrkos”kksa dk iw.kZ laxgz miyC/
uacj osQ vkxs fy[kk gqvk gS&,suh iSaQz dA ,suh dh gSA
Mk;jh us mls fo'o esa [kkl cuk fn;k ysfdu 1944 fdlh ”kekus esa FkMZ jh[k osQ :i eas izfl¼ bl
esa flracj ekg osQ fdlh ,d fnu og Hkh ckdh 'kgj esa dbZ vfHkys[kkxkj gSAa izR;sd esa ;q¼ ls tqMh+
yksxksa dh rjg ,d uke Hkj FkhA ,d Hk;Hkhr cPph =kklfn;ksa dk ys[kktks[kk j[kk x;k gSA
78 ftls ckdh 1018 ;gwfn;ksa osQ lkFk i'kqvksa dks <ksus vkbZVh,l esa ,uh iSQza d dk uke uk”kh nLrkos”kksa
okyh xkM+h esa iwoZ esa fLFkr ,d ;kruk f'kfoj osQ osQ ik¡p djksM+ iÂksa esa osQoy ,d ckj vk;k gS
fy, jokuk dj fn;k x;k FkkA osLVjcksdZ ls 19 ebZ ls 6 flracj 1944 osQ chp
f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ osQ ckn Mp jsMØkl us Hksts x, yksxksa ls tqMh+ I+kQkbYk esa iSQaz d miuke ls
osLVjcksdZ Vªkaf”kV oSaQi ls ;kruk f'kfojksa esa Hksts x, ntZuksa uke nTkZ gSAa
yksxksa lacèa kh lwpuk ,d=k dj baVjus'kuy Vs¯ª lx bl lwph esa ,suh dk uke] tUefrfFk] ,ElVMZe
lfoZl (vkbZVh,l) dks Hksts FksA vkbZVh,l uk”kh dk irk vkSj ;kruk f'kfoj osQ fy, jokuk gksus dh
nLrkos”kksa dk ,d ,slk vfHkys[kkxkj gS ftldh rkjh[k ntZ gSA bu yksxksa dks dgk¡ ys tk;k x;k og
LFkkiuk ;q¼ osQ ckn ykirk gq, yksxksa dk irk yxkus dkye [kkyh NksM+ fn;k x;k gSA vkbZVh,l osQ ize[q k
osQ fy, dh xbZ FkhA ;wMks tksLr us iksyMaS osQ ;kruk f'kfoj dk f”kØ djrs
bl ;q¼ osQ lekIr gksus osQ Ng n'kd ls gq, dgkμ ;fn LFkku dk uke ugha fn;k x;k gS rks
vf/d le; osQ ckn vc varjjk"Vªh; jsMØkl bldk eryc ;g vk'kfop FkkA ,suh] mudh cgu
lfefr fo'kky vkbZVh,l vfHkys[kkxkj dks ;q¼ esa ekxksZV o mlosQ ekrk firk dks pkj vU; ;gwfn;ksa osQ
¯”knk cps yksxksa] muosQ fj'rsnkjksa o 'kks/drkZvksa osQ lkFk 1944 esa fxjÝrkj fd;k x;k FkkA ,suh Mp
fy, igyh ckj lkoZtfud djus tk jgh gSA ukxfjd ugha teZu 'kj.kkFkhZ FkhA ;kruk f'kfojksa osQ
,d djksM+ 75 yk[k yksxksa osQ xkjs esa ntZ bl ckjs esa ,suh dh Mk;jh 1952 esa ^,suh iSQza d nh Mk;jh
fjdkMZ dk bLrseky vHkh rd ifjtuksa dks feykus] vkWI+kQ n ;ax XkyZ* 'kh"kZd ls Nih FkhA
yk[kksa foLFkkfir yksxksa osQ Hkfo"; dk irk yxkus vkSj μ lkHkkj tulÙkk 27 uoacj] 2006
ys[kd ifjp;
ys[kd ifjp;

euksgj ';ke tks'kh
tUe lu~ 1935] oqQekm¡Q esaA ¯gnh
osQ izfl¼ i=kdkj vkSj VsYkhfo”ku
èkkjkokfgd ys [ kdA y[kumQ
fo'ofo|ky; ls foKku LukrdA
fnueku if=kdk es a lgk;d
laiknd vkSj lkIrkfgd ¯gnqLrku
esa laiknd osQ :i esa dk;ZA lu~ *84 esa Hkkjrh; nwjn'kZu osQ izFke
èkkjkokfgd ge yksx osQ fy, dFkk&iVdFkk ys[ku 'kq: djus osQ
ckn ls e`R;qi;±r Lora=k ys[kuA izeq[k jpuk,¡% oqQjQ oqQjQ Lokgk]
dli] gfj;k gjD;w y h”k dh gS j kuh] ge”kkn] D;ki
(dgkuh laxzg)_ ,d nqyZHk O;fDrRo] oSQls fdLlkxks] eafnj
?kkV dh ikSfM+;k¡] V&Vk izksI+ksQlj "k"Bh oYyHk iar] usrkth
dfgu] bl ns'k dk ;kjksa D;k dguk (O;aX;&laxgz )_ ckrksa&ckrksa
esa] bDdhloha lnh (lk{kkRdkj&ys[k&laxzg)_ y[kumQ esjk
y[kumQ] if'peh teZuh ij ,d mM+rh u”kj (laLej.k&laxzg)_
ge yksx] cqfu;kn] eqaxsjh yky osQ glhu lius (Vsyhfo”ku
èkkjkokfgd)A D;ki osQ fy, 2005 osQ lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj
ls lEekfurA fu/u lu~ 2006] fnYyh esaA
forku
vkuan ;kno
tUe% 1935] dkxy] dksYgkiqj (egkjk"Vª) esaA iwjk uke
vkuan jru ;knoA ikBdksa osQ chp vkuan ;kno osQ uke
ls ifjfprA ejkBh ,oa laLo`Qr lkfgR; esa LukrdksÙkj
MkW- vkuan ;kno cgqr le; rd iq.ks fo'ofo|ky; esa
ejkBh foHkkx esa dk;Zjr jgsA vc rd yxHkx iPphl
iqLrosaQ izdkf'krA miU;kl osQ vfrfjDr dfork&laxzg
lekykspukRed fucaèk vkfn iqLrosaQ Hkh izdkf'krA Hkkjrh; KkuihB ls
izdkf'kr uVjax ¯gnh&ikBdksa osQ chp Hkh pfpZrA ;gk¡ izLrqr va'k tw>
miU;kl ls fy;k x;k gS tks lu~ 1990 esa lkfgR; vdkneh iqjLdkj ls
lEekfur gSA
vkse Fkkuoh
tUe lu~ 1957 esaA f'k{kk&nh{kk chdkusj esaA jktLFkku
fo'ofo|ky; ls O;kolkf;d iz'kklu esa ,e-dkWeA ,MhVlZ
fxYM vkWI+kQ bafM;k osQ egklfpoA 1980 ls 1989 rd
ukS o"kZ ^jktLFkku if=kdk* esa jgsA ^brokjh if=kdk* osQ
laiknu us lkIrkfgd dks fo'ks"k izfr"Bk fnykbZA ltx vkSj
ckSf¼d lekt esa brokjh if=kdk us vius nkSj esa fof'k"V LFkku cuk;kA vius
lkekftd vkSj lkaLo`Qfrd ljksdkjksa osQ fy, tkus tkrs gSaA vfHkusrk vkSj
funsZ'kd osQ :i esa Lo;a jaxeap ij lfØ; jgs gSaA lkfgR;] dyk] flusek]
okLrqdyk] iqjkrÙo vkSj i;kZoj.k esa xgu fnypLih j[krs gSaA vLlh osQ n'kd
esa lasVj I+kQkWj lkbal ,uok;jesaV (lh,lbZ) dh I+ksQyksf'ki ij jktLFkku osQ
ikjaifjd ty&lzksrksa ij [kkstchu dj foLrkj ls fy[kkA i=kdkfjrk osQ fy,
vU; iqjLdkjksa osQ lkFk x.ks'k'kadj fo|kFkhZ iqjLdkj iznÙkA 1999 ls laiknd osQ
ukrs nSfud tulÙkk fnYyh vkSj dydÙkk osQ laLdj.kksa dk nkf;Ro l¡HkkykA
fiNys 17 o"kks± ls bafM;u ,Dlizsl lewg osQ ¯gnh nSfud ^tulÙkk* esa laiknd
osQ :i esa dk;ZjrA
ys[kd ifjp;
,su izQaS d
,su iSazQd dk tUe 12 twu] 1929
dks teZuh osQ iSazQdI+kQVZ 'kgj esa vkSj
e`R;q ukfT+k;ksa osQ ;krukx`g esa 1945
osQ iQjojh ;k ekpZ eghus esaA ,su
iSzaQd dh Mk;jh nqfu;k dh lcls
T+;knk i<+h xbZ fdrkcksa esa ls ,d gSA ewyr% Mp Hkk"kk esa 1947
esa izdkf'kr ;g o`Qfr vaxzs”kh esa nh Mk;jh vkWI+kQ n ;ax xyZ
'kh"kZd ls 1952 esa izdkf'kr gqbZA rc ls blosQ laikfnr] vlaikfnr]
vkykspukRed] foLr`rμvusd rjg osQ laLdj.k vk pqosQ gSa] bl
ij fI+kQYe] ukVd] èkkjkokfgd bR;kfn dk fuekZ.k gks pqdk gS vkSj
;g Mk;jh fdlh&u&fdlh otg ls yxkrkj ppkZ esa jgh gSA
fVIi.kh

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IRUNX

ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

flYoj oS¯Mxμ ,d yach dgkuhA euksgj

[kkst&[kkst dj gesa fn[kyk;k gS] ftlls ge bfrgkl dh likV

Mk;jh osQ iUusμ ;g Mp Hkk"kk esa 1947 esa

Mk;jh cuk,xhA Mk;jh mlus migkj es a gh feyh ,d

t c lsD'ku vkfI+kQlj okbZ-Mh- (;'kksèkj)

esuu us I+kQkSju fglkc yxk;k vkSj pgddj cksyk] ¶eSuh gSIih

vc cM+k yM+dk ,d çeq[k foKkiu laLFkk esa ukSdjh ik x;k gSA

2- Hkxoku osQ pj.kksa ls mBk, gq, vk'khokZn osQ iwQy

3- lkgc dk cksypky esa iz;qDr :i

¶ugha] ugha] vki lc yksx [kkb,]¸ ;'kksèkj ckcw us cPpksa osQ

csVh firk dk iktkek&oqQrkZ mBk ykbZ fd bls igudj xkmu iguasA

;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd bl ?kM+h mUgsa ;g ckr pqHk xbZ fd

ik B'kkyk tkus osQ fy, eu rM+irk FkkA

¶Bhd gS pysaxsA¸ ek¡ us gk¡ rks dh ysfdu vanj ls ek¡ osQ

1- Hkkstu xzg.k djuk

¶gk¡¿] bruk ea”kwj gks rks ikB'kkyk tkukA ugha rks ;g

2- irys diM+s dk rkSfy;k

chp dh Nq^h esa esjh èkksrh dh dkN ml yM+osQ us nks ckj

nsrsA ;g lc lqurs gq,] vuqHko djrs gq,] eq>s viuk Hkku gh

3- dfork esa #dus ,oa vkxs c<+us osQ fu;e

fy[krk Fkk ;k iRFkj dh f'kyk ij oaQdM+ ls fy[k ysrkA tc

vrhr esa ncs ik¡o

v Hkh Hkh eqvutks&nM+ks1 vkSj gM+Iik2 izkphu

'kksHkk c<+k jgk gks] 'kgj

lqulku ekxZ ij dku nsdj ml cSyxkM+h dh jQu&>qu lqu ldrs

eqvutks&nM+ks esa ckS¼ Lrwi

lHkh vge vkSj vc nqfu;k&Hkj esa izfl¼ bekjrksa osQ

eqvutks&nM+ks dk izfl¼ ty oqaQM

ty fudklh dk mUur izca/ tks

bu ?kjksa esa fnypLi ckr ;g gS fd lkeus dh nhokj esa

eqvutks&nM+ks esa ml jks”k gok cgqr rs”k cg jgh FkhA fdlh

4- diM+ksa ij iwQy @ fp=k vafdr djus dh dyk

5- d'khnkdkjh] diM+ksa ij iwQy @ fp=k vafdr djus dh dyk

cq èkokj] 8 tqykbZ] 1942

geus viuk Åij okyk ,d cM+k dejk rhlsd cjl osQ

'kqØokj] 10 tqykbZ] 1942

'kfuokj] 28 uoacj] 1942

tYnh gh rVLFkrk NksM+ nsxkA MSe pkSd ij v[kckj cspus okyk

^vki dgk¡ t[eh gq, Fks\*

ns[kus tkus dh ”k:jr gh ugha iM+sxh] D;ksafd eq>s lkjh fI+kQYeksa

cqèkokj] 29 ekpZ] 1944

eaxyokj] 11 vizSy] 1944

dj ik;k FkkA ugkus dk Vc uhps vkWfI+kQl esa xans diM+ksa ls Hkjk

eaxyokj] 13 twu] 1944

jgrs gSa fd os dc vk”kkn gksaxs vkSj os fiQj ls izo`Qfr osQ bl

bls Hkh tkusa

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