RF Antenna Systems Part 1

Section CDMA RF Planning Guide
6 RF Antenna
Systems - Part 1
6.1 Introduction
This section will outline RF engineering considerations that should be incorporated into the design
of co-located 800 MHz AMPS and CDMA "antenna systems". The antenna system is defined as
those elements between the BTS equipment cabinet (top of rack) and the TX or RX antenna. A de-
tailed discussion of equipment and antenna sharing between the AMPS and CDMA systems (in-
cluding CDMA cell site antenna parameters) is covered. In addition, the topic of CDMA/AMPS
transmit/receive antenna isolation requirements at 800 MHz as well as 1900 MHz is included.
6.2 Co-Located AMPS & CDMA Cell Sites (800 MHz)

This section describes various methodologies for implementing co-located AMPS and CDMA cell
sites. Issues of mutual system interference and cell site equipment sharing are considered.
While Motorola recommends that CDMA implementations not share equipment with existing
AMPS systems, it is understood that zoning restrictions and other hard realities might make the
sharing of some equipment a virtual requirement from the customer's point of view. The guidelines
below are intended to assure the most efficient implementation of the CDMA system while mini-
mizing the risk to operation of the host AMPS system.
6.2.1 SCTM BTS/HDII Shared Facilities (LPA, Modem Frame, Antennas, Etc.)
Sharing equipment virtually always implies sharing antennas. Three likely conditions for antenna
sharing might exist:
• Common transmit antenna

• Common receive antenna(s)
• Duplexed antennas.
In all cases where equipment is shared between SCTM BTS and HDII, a site-by-site evaluation of
the changes to basic parameters (receive noise figure, receive IPi, receive sensitivity, transmit max-
imum power, transmit IM spur potential of the site, etc.) is recommended, and in most cases is re-
quired.
6.2.1.1 Common Transmit Antenna
Several possible cases of transmit antenna sharing are described in this section. In most cases, in
order to share a transmit antenna it will be necessary to combine all signals prior to the LPA input,
unless the >3 dB loss resulting from post LPA wide-band hybrid combining is site engineered and
Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6-1

12/18/98 Copyright Motorola 1993 - 1998
CDMA RF Planning Guide
Section 6: RF Antenna Systems - Part 1
6
determined to be acceptable.
6.2.1.1.1 Combining Configuration for the SCTM9600 LPA (Used by HDII Carriers)
This configuration is recommended for commercial deployment.
Figure 6-1: SCTM9600 LPA Used by HDII Carriers
CDMA
TM INTERFACE
SC 9600
CDMA MF SCTM9600 SIF
PRE-AMP
HDII SCTM9600 LPA

INTERFACE
HDII 6:1
XCVR RACK
FROM OTHER
HDII BAYS
Notes for Figure 6-1: SCTM9600 LPA Used by HDII Carriers:
1. HDII system coverage is not affected, if the SCTM9600 LPA has enough reserve power.
2. Refer to Section 6.2.1.1.4 for the maximum total average power available from a single
LPA.

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6.2.1.1.2 Combining Configuration for the HDII LPA (Used by SCTM BTS CDMA Carri-
er(s))
Two options are described below to properly configure the HDII LPA (used by the SCTMBTS
CDMA carriers). The first option uses the SCTM9600 Modem Frame. The second option uses the
SCTM9600-D Modem Frame.
Option 1: (SCTM9600 Modem Frame)
This configuration requires an upgrade to the NAMPS LPA which contains a pre-amplifier. The
upgraded NAMPS LPA has two input ports, one for high level HDII signals, and the other for low
level CDMA signals. The optional LPA output filter which provides increased attenuation in the
receive band should also be ordered; this reduces the isolation needed between the transmit antenna
and the receive antenna.
Figure 6-2: HDII LPA Used by SCTM9600 CDMA Carriers(s)
CDMA
SCTM 9600 INTERFACE
CDMA MF
SCTM9600 SIF
PRE-AMP
HDII NAMPS LPA

INTERFACE
(WITH OPTIONAL
PRE-AMPLIFIER)
HDII 6:1
XCVR RACK
FROM OTHER
HDII BAYS
Notes for Figure 6-2: HDII LPA Used by SCTM9600 CDMA Carriers(s):
1. HDII system coverage is not affected if the NAMPS LPA has enough reserve power.
2. This system can handle multiple CDMA carriers.
3. This configuration is only applicable for the HDII 20 channel rack. It does not apply to
LD rack due to the lack of a wideband combiner/attenuator
4. Refer to Section 6.2.1.1.4 for the maximum total average power available from a single
LPA.

6
Option 2: (SCTM9600-D Modem Frame)
This configuration also requires the upgrade to the NAMPS LPA which contains a pre-amplifier
and two separate input ports for HDII and CDMA signals. The optional LPA output filter which
provides increased attenuation in the receive band should also be ordered; this reduces the isolation
required between the transmit antenna and the receive antenna. The SCTM9600-D configuration
provides SCTM9600 CDMA capability into an existing HDII analog cell site that presently has
enough reserve power in the LPA(s) to support a CDMA carrier. Since the existing HDII filter rack
and LPA frames are reused, this configuration provides a cost effective way of implementing a
CDMA overlay into an existing HDII system.
Figure 6-3: HDII LPA used by SCTM9600-D CDMA carriers(s)
CDMA
SCTM 9600-D INTERFACE
CDMA MF
PRE-AMP
HDII NAMPS LPA RFDS

INTERFACE (OPTIONAL)
(WITH OPTIONAL
PRE-AMPLIFIER)
HDII 6:1
XCVR RACK
FROM OTHER
HDII BAYS
Notes for Figure 6-3: HDII LPA used by SCTM9600-D CDMA carriers(s):
1. HDII system coverage is not affected if the NAMPS LPA has enough reserve power.
2. This system can handle multiple CDMA carriers.
3. This configuration is only applicable for the HDII 20 channel rack. It does not apply to
LD rack due to the lack of a wideband combiner/attenuator.
4. Refer to Section 6.2.1.4 for the maximum total average power available from a single
LPA.

6
6.2.1.1.3 Unapproved Combining Configurations
6.2.1.1.3.1 Ring Combiners
Combining of CDMA transmit signals with AMPS signals using ring combiners is not recom-
mended. The constraints on the passband amplitude and phase characteristics for the wide band-
width CDMA signal, and the narrow transition region between the CDMA carrier and the AMPS
carriers, results in a filter design that would be undesirable because of high insertion loss. Such a
filter would have be tuned for a specific frequency plan, and would change as additional CDMA
carriers are added. A wideband hybrid combiner (3 dB) would be smaller and less expensive, while
still lossy.
6.2.1.1.3.2 Pseudo-Omni Cell Using Splitters/Combiners
It is possible to construct a unique AMPS cell site configuration using panel antennas with passive
Tx splitters and Rx combiners to achieve an pseudo-omni pattern using an omni configuration
BTS. While such a configuration would function for CDMA, the risk of performance degradation
is significant. The deliberate creation of a deeply faded field in the antenna overlap areas, without
the benefit of softer hand-off, is likely to require increased average power per mobile. The delay
spread between these simulcast signals from each antenna can be less than 1 chip time. Forward
and reverse power control operation in this situation would be more highly taxed. How much deg-
radation occurs would depend on the amount of multipath present. This configuration is not rec-
ommended.
6.2.1.1.4 Power Allocation in Mixed Mode Systems
The subject of base station transmitter power considerations in mixed-mode (IS-95 CDMA plus
analog) systems is generally not well understood by those responsible for setting the levels. The
following sections provide an explanation on estimating the CDMA forward channel carrier power
requirements and a calculation of the derated LPA power specification. The formulas for derating
the rated power output of AMPS Band ELPA, the Combined-Shelf AMPS Band ELPA, and the
AMPS Band LPAs for any combination of analog and CDMA carriers have been presented. Other
linear power amplifier models will have different derating recommendations. Also provided is an
example on how to allocate available transmitter power between IS-95 CDMA carriers and the an-
alog carriers on a sector of a mixed-mode Base Station, which is intended to illustrate the concepts
and considerations involved in determining these requirements. It should be noted that each mixed-
mode site will be unique, and that in general, the results will differ from the example. System En-
gineering must design the site for the desired coverage, performance, and traffic channel capacity,
without exceeding the PA power limitations of the Base Station, preferably by using the best so-
phisticated simulation tools available, such as the CDMA Static System Simulator (CSSS) option
of the NetPlan system design tool package. In the absence of a sophisticated simulation tool, the
following calculations can be used to estimate the mixed mode power allocation of available trans-
mitter power of a linear power amplifier.

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6.2.1.1.4.1 CDMA Forward Channel Carrier Power
CDMA forward channel carrier power varies greatly depending on how many traffic channels are
in use, the characteristics of the users voices, the Forward Power Control settings as requested by
each subscriber unit in use, and the power allocated for overhead functions (Pilot, Page and Sync).
An approximation of the CDMA forward channel carrier power can be defined as the power
under the following conditions:
Number of Forward Links (or total Traffic Channels): the number of traffic channels
required at the 2% Blocked-Calls-Cleared (Erlang B) Grade of Service level plus the num-
ber of traffic channels that are in Soft Handoff with another cell, and/or in Softer Handoff
with another sector of the same cell, i.e., Nfl = N(2%) x SSHOF, where SSHOF is the Soft
plus Softer Handoff Factor
Traffic Channel power: the power of the average traffic channel due to average modula-
tion plus full rate Power Control Bits, i.e., approximately 0.15 x Ppilot for Rate Set 1, and
approximately 0.27 x Ppilot for Rate Set 2
Forward Power Control: the average Forward Power Control setting, at this setting the
average traffic channel power is still approximately 0.15 x Ppilot for Rate Set 1, and
approximately 0.27 x Ppilot for Rate Set 2
Overhead power: Pilot plus Page plus Sync power is equal to Ppilot plus 0.75 x Ppilot plus
0.1 x Ppilot = 1.85x Ppilot
Since the component parts of the CDMA carrier power are all expressed in terms of Pilot power,
and since Pilot power is generally determined by the site coverage requirements, we may sum this
up as follows:
P(cdma) = Overhead power + Traffic Channel power

P(cdma) = 1.85 x Ppilot + Nfl x 0.15 x Ppilot (for Rate Set 1) or,
P(cdma) = 1.85 x Ppilot + Nfl x 0.27 x Ppilot (for Rate Set 2)
It must be realized that these formulas are approximations, since the power level of the Overhead
components and the number and power level of the Traffic Channels continuously vary in the real
world.

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6.2.1.1.4.2 Linear Power Amplifier Derating
A. AMPS Band ELPA
The present AMPS band version of ELPA may contain two, three, or four ELPA modules,
depending on the site or sector power requirement.
The four-module AMPS band ELPA can provide up to 120 Watts of output power at the output of
the ELPA Frame for either 1 CDMA carrier or up to 20 analog carriers. When more than 20 ana-
log carriers or more than 1 CDMA carrier are being amplified, the output power specification fol-
lows a derating curve from 120 Watts to about 109 Watts for a very large number of analog and
CDMA carriers. This is due to the increasing peak to average power ratio of the composite signal.
There are similar derating curves when three or two modules are installed.
For purposes of determining the derated power specification of the ELPA amplifier in system
planning scenarios, each CDMA carrier is counted as 20 equivalent analog carriers (EAC). For
example, if the ELPA is going to be used to amplify 36 analog carriers and 3 CDMA carriers, it
will be expected to handle 96 equivalent analog carriers.
The derating equations for all the possible four-module ELPA configurations follow:
The derating equation for two ELPA modules installed is:
EAC = equivalent analog carriers

EAC = (# of analog carriers) + 20 * (# of CDMA carriers)
Pout = ELPA maximum output power rating
if EAC = 20:
Pout = 60 Watts
if EAC > 20
Pout = 54.55 + (72 / EAC) + (720 / (EAC)^2) Watts
The derating equation for three ELPA modules installed is:

if EAC = 20:
Pout = 90 Watts
if EAC > 20

6
The derating equation for four ELPA modules installed is:

if EAC = 20:
Pout = 120 Watts
if EAC > 20
Four installed modules in an ELPA with 96 EAC has a Pout rating of 110.8 Watts. Four installed
modules with 40 EAC (1 CDMA & 20 Analog Carriers) has a Pout rating of 113.6 W. Four
installed modules with 35 EAC (1 CDMA & 15 Analog Carriers) has a Pout rating of 114.4 W.
This power is available to be divided between the analog and CDMA carriers with any ratio.
Valid examples follow for 96 EAC:
Three 25 Watt CDMA carriers and Thirty-six 0.99 Watt analog carriers = 110.6 Watts.
Three 10 Watt CDMA carriers and Thirty-six 2.24 Watt analog carriers = 110.6 Watts.
Three 1.6 Watt CDMA carriers and Thirty-six 2.94 Watt analog carriers = 110.6 Watts.
B. Combined-Shelf AMPS Band ELPA
Higher power output is available from the combined-shelf ELPA models. Within these ELPA
Frames, two four-module ELPA shelves are combined. The number of ELPA modules in each
four-module ELPA shelf must be the same, i.e., two, three, or four. The resulting combinations
therefore consist of four, six, or eight ELPA modules.
An eight-module AMPS band ELPA can provide up to 200 Watts of output power at the output of
the ELPA Frame for either 1 CDMA carrier or up to 20 analog carriers. When more than 20 ana-
log carriers or more than 1 CDMA carrier are being amplified, the output power specification fol-
lows a derating curve from 200 Watts to about 182 Watts for a very large number of analog and
CDMA carriers. This is due to the increasing peak to average power ratio of the composite signal.
There are similar derating curves for the cases when six or four modules are installed.
For purposes of determining the derated power specification of the ELPA amplifier in system
planning scenarios, each CDMA carrier is counted as 20 equivalent analog carriers (EAC). For
example, if the ELPA is going to be used to amplify 36 analog carriers and 3 CDMA carriers, it
will be expected to handle 96 equivalent analog carriers.

6
The derating equations for all the possible combined ELPA configurations follow:

if EAC = 20:
Pout = 100 Watts
if EAC > 20
The derating equation for six ELPA modules installed is:


if EAC = 20:
Pout = 150 Watts
if EAC > 20
Pout = 136.4+ (180 / EAC) + (1800 / (EAC)^2) Watts
The derating equation for eight ELPA modules installed is:

if EAC = 20:
Pout = 200 Watts
if EAC > 20
Eight installed modules in a combined ELPA with 96 EAC has a Pout rating of 184.6 Watts. Eight
installed modules with 40 EAC (1 CDMA & 20 Analog Carriers) has a Pout rating of 189.3 W.
Eight installed modules with 35 EAC (1 CDMA & 15 Analog Carriers) has a Pout rating of 190.6
W.
This power is available to be divided between the analog and CDMA carriers with any ratio.
Valid examples follow for 156 EAC (6 CDMA carriers and 36 analog carriers) which has a Pout

6
rating of 183.4 Watts:
Six 25 Watt CDMA carriers and Thirty-six 0.92 Watt analog carriers = 183.1 Watts.
Six 10 Watt CDMA carriers and Thirty-six 3.42 Watt analog carriers = 183.1 Watts.
Six 0.9 Watt CDMA carriers and Thirty-six 4.94 Watt analog carriers = 183.2 Watts.
C. AMPS Band LPA
The derating equation for the standard power (70 Watt) LPA is:
For 5 or less EAC: Pout = 110 Watts

For more than 5 EAC:Pout = 64 + 80/EAC + 800/(EAC)^2 Watts
The derating equation for the high power (125 Watt) LPA is:
For 12 or less EAC: Pout = 140 Watts

For more than 12 EAC: Pout = 114.2 + 144/EAC + 1440/(EAC)^2 Watts
D. Other Linear Power Amplifiers
Other LPA and ELPA models may have different power derating equations, or may require no
derating at all. This information should be available from the literature for the product of interest.
6.2.1.1.4.3 Example of a Mixed-Mode Site with Rate Set 1
In this example of a mixed-mode SC9600 type of site, a sector is being planned to have one
CDMA carrier and 20 AMPS/NAMPS carriers; the equivalent number of analog carriers is there-
fore 40. Under these conditions, the power output rating of a four-module AMPS band ELPA at
the top of the ELPA frame is determined as follows:
EAC = 40
Pout = 109.1 + (144 / 40) + (1440 / (40)^2) Watts
Pout = 113.6 Watts
Note that the power rating given above is at the output of the AMPS Band ELPA Frame. At
the output of the Site Interface Frame (SIF), this power level will be reduced by the insertion loss
of the cables and hardware in the transmit path. The maximum value for this loss is about 1.5 dB
(about 71% remaining power). Using this value, the resulting maximum available power level at
Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6 - 10

6
the output of the SIF would be:
Pout(sif) = 80.4 Watts (worst loss)
Alternatively, the actual measured loss from the ELPA frame output to the SIF frame output may
be used to determine the maximum available power level at the output of the SIF. Doing so will
result in a slightly higher output power.
In this example, the CDMA carrier will have Rate Set 1 voice Traffic Channels (for Rate Set 1,
the maximum bit rate of each voice Traffic Channel is 9.6 Kbps). Also let us assume that for sec-
tor coverage reasons, the required Pilot Power of the CDMA carrier has been determined to be 2
Watts. The approximation of the CDMA carrier power is as follows:
P(cdma) = 1.85 x Ppilot + Nfl x 0.15 x Ppilot

Ppilot = 2 Watts
P(cdma) = 1.85 x 2 Watts + Nfl x 0.15 x 2 Watts
P(cdma) = 3.7 Watts + Nfl x 0.3 Watts
An estimate of the maximum number of Forward Links (Traffic Channels) expected on the
CDMA carrier is required to complete this calculation.
Nfl = N(2%) x (SSHOF)
For a multi-Sector site, a conservative value for the Soft Plus Softer Handoff Factor is:
SSHOF = 2
Therefore,
Nfl = N(2%) x 2
The maximum value for the number of Erlangs on a heavily loaded sector during Busy Hour is:
N(Erlangs) = 14
The number of Traffic Channels required to handle this traffic load with 2% Blocked Call Grade
of Service (Erlang B) is:
N(2%) = 21
Including the Traffic Channels that are in Soft or Softer Handoff, the maximum number of For-
ward Links required on this CDMA carrier (with 14 Erlangs, 2% GOS, & SSHOF=2) is expected

6
to be:
Nfl = 42
Note that under no circumstances can this number exceed the number of available Walsh Codes
(i.e. 42 Walsh Codes for R6).
The power required by the CDMA carrier is therefore:
P(cdma) = 3.7 Watts + 42 x 0.3 Watts

P(cdma) = 3.7 Watts + 12.6 Watts
P(cdma) = 16.3 Watts
In a conservative mixed-mode site design, the total power available for the analog carriers is:
P(analog) = Pout(sif) - P(cdma)

P(analog) = 80.4 Watts - 16.3 Watts
P(analog) = 64.1 Watts
If there are 20 analog carriers, the power available for each one is:
Ptch(analog) = 3.21 Watts
If the power needed for each analog channel is higher than 3.21 Watts, the maximum number of
analog channels will be less than 20. For example, if each analog carrier is required to be 6.41
Watts, the analog carrier capacity would be reduced to a maximum of 10.
Of equal importance, if the CDMA Busy Hour traffic load was higher than 14 Erlangs (if it was
possible), this would cause the CDMA carrier to consume more than its allocated share of the
power available from the ELPA.
In the presence of all 20 analog carriers, excessively high CDMA power can result in activation of
the ELPA RF Overdrive Protection (approximately 20 dB ELPA gain reduction). The combina-
tion can also cause distortion of the CDMA signal (poor voice quality and dropped calls), genera-
tion of higher than normal CDMA sidebands, interference to the adjacent analog cellular
channels, and excessive thermal stress on the ELPA.
If an increased traffic load on the CDMA carrier is expected to be possible, then either the power
allocated to each analog carrier or the maximum number of analog carriers must be reduced.

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6.2.1.2 Common Receive Antenna(s)
6.2.1.2.1 HDII Multicoupler (Receive Outputs Serving SCTM CDMA BTS)
Four options are available for the HDII multi-carrier. The first option uses the SC9600-D Modem
Frame, the second option uses the SC9600 BTS Frame, the third option uses the SC2400 BTS
Frame, and the fourth option uses the SC4812 800 MHz BTS Frame.
Option 1: (SCTM9600-D Modem Frame)
The SCTM9600-D configuration provides SCTM9600 CDMA capability into an existing HDII an-
alog cell site that presently has enough reserve power in the LPA(s) to support a CDMA carrier.
Since the existing HDII filter rack and LPA frames are reused, this configuration provides a cost
effective way of implementing a CDMA overlay into an existing HDII system.
Figure 6-4: SCTM9600-D CDMA-AMPS Configuration, Shared Sector HDII Multicoupler

20 CHANNEL
XCVR BAY RX XCVR
MATRIX
2:1
4:1 RX
MATRIX
6:1 Preselector
SGRF1009A
MULTI
SRF2140B COUPLER
EXTENDER
HDII SITE FILTER RACK (OR 7 dB XCVR
5dB
7dB PAD) PAD RX
PAD MATRIX
Preselector
SRF2290C 10 CHANNEL XCVR BAY
3 dB MPC
PAD BBX
2:1 2:1
2:1
SCTM9600-D CDMA MF
3 dB MPC
PAD BBX
2:1 2:1
2:1
SCTM9600-D CDMA MF
Notes for Figure 6-4 and Figure 6-5:
1. Consult field/systems engineering for proper attenuators used in the CDMA receive
path. Values shown are typical.
2. No change to the HDII receive path is required.

6
Figure 6-5: SCTM9600-D CDMA-AMPS Configuration, Shared Omni HDII Multicoupler
XCVR
4:1
4:1
2:1
6:1
Preselector 20 CHANNEL
SGRF1009A XCVR BAY
6:1
SRF2140B XCVR
5 dB 4:1
HDII SITE FILTER RACK PAD
4:1
7 dB Preselector
PAD
MPC
BBX
2:1 2:1
2:1
SCTM9600-D CDMA MF
0-3 dB MPC
PAD BBX
2:1 2:1
2:1
SCTM9600-D CDMA MF
Option 2: (SCTM9600 BTS Frames)
This implementation requires the use of a SCTM9600 SIF which accepts the CDMA receiver feeds
(main and diversity) from available outputs of the HDII multicoupler. This assures no need to re-
optimize the HDII receiver path, as well as balanced delay, noise figure, and RF levels for CDMA.
This configuration is recommended for field trial systems. Identification of any degradations to the
performance of the CDMA system are to be exposed by site engineering evaluation.
Eliminating redundant portions of the SIF (filters, etc.) suggests the use of a unique SIF frame (not
available), and is not supported at this time.

6
Figure 6-6: SCTM9600 CDMA-AMPS Configuration, Shared Sector HDII Multicoupler
20 CHANNEL
XCVR BAY RX XCVR
MATRIX
2:1
4:1 RX
MATRIX
6:1 Preselector
SGRF1009A
MULTI
SRF2140B COUPLER
EXTENDER
5 dB
PAD) PAD RX
MATRIX
Preselector
5 dB
PAD 5 dB BBX
SC Multicoupler 2:1 2:1
PAD
2:1
TM SC Preselector
SC 9600 SIF SCTM9600 CDMA MF
Figure 6-7: SCTM9600 CDMA-AMPS Configuration, Shared Omni HDII Multicoupler
XCVR
4:1
4:1
2:1
6:1
SGRF1009A XCVR BAY
6:1
SRF2140B XCVR
5 dB 4:1
4:1
5 dB Preselector
PAD SRF2290C 10 CHANNEL XCVR BAY
5 dB BBX
SC Multicoupler PAD 2:1
2:1
2:1
SC Preselector
SCTM9600 SIF
SCTM9600 CDMA MF

6
Option 3: (SCTM2400 BTS Frame)

20 CHANNEL
XCVR BAY RX XCVR
MATRIX
2:1
4:1 RX
MATRIX
6:1 Preselector
SGRF1009A
MULTI
SRF2140B COUPLER
EXTENDER
7 dB 5 dB
PAD) PAD
PAD RX
MATRIX
3 dB Preselector
Option A SRF2290C 10 CHANNEL XCVR BAY
BBX
MPC 2:1 2:1
3 dB
2:1
2:1
Option B 2:1
Preselector I/O
SCTM2400 CDMA MF
Figure 6-9: : SCTM2400 CDMA-AMPS Configuration, Shared Omni HDII Multicoupler
XCVR
4:1
4:1
2:1
6:1
SGRF1009A XCVR BAY
6:1
SRF2140B XCVR
5 dB 4:1
4:1
Preselector
Option A
10 dB BBX
MPC 2:1 2:1
PAD
2:1
2:1
Option B 2:1
Preselector I/O
SCTM2400 CDMA MF

6
Option 4: (SCTM4812 800 MHz BTS Frame)
Figure 6-10: SCTM4812 CDMA-AMPS Configuration, Shared Omni HDII Multicoupler

rx exp.
rx 10 dB pad
HDII Site tx
Filter Rack
(Omni)
SC4812
6:1 BTS
6:1
3. The SCTM4812 800 MHz BTS is configured as a stand-alone product. This
configuration does not support TX antenna sharing.
rx exp.
rx 10 dB pad
HDII Site tx
Filter Rack
(Sector)
SC4812
6:1 BTS
rx exp.
4:1
3 dB pad
Multicoupler
extender

6
6.2.1.2.2 SCTM9600 SIF (Receive Outputs Serving HDII)
Figure 6-12: CDMA-AMPS Config., Shared SCTM9600 SIF frame, AMPS/NAMPS Sector Rx
RX M/C 20 CHANNEL
EXTENDER XCVR BAY RX XCVR
MATRIX
2:1
4:1 7 dB 3 dB
PAD PAD RX
MATRIX
4:1 Preselector
SRF2290B
SC Multicoupler 4:1
TM XCVR
SC 9600 SIF 7 dB 7 dB
PAD PAD
RX
4:1 MATRIX
Preselector
SRF2290B
10 CHANNEL XCVR BAY
BBX
2:1
2:1
2:1
SC Preselector
SCTM9600 CDMA MF
1. Consult field/systems engineering for proper attenuators used in the analog receive
bays.
2. Re-optimization is required for analog operation.
Figure 6-13: CDMA-AMPS Config., Shared SCTM9600 SIF Frame, AMPS/NAMPS Omni Rx
RX M/C
EXTENDER 7 dB 3 dB 4:1 XCVR
PAD PAD
2:1 4:1
4:1
4:1 SRF2290B XCVR BAY
SC Multicoupler 4:1
7 dB 7 dB XCVR
PAD PAD 4:1
SCTM9600 SIF
4:1 4:1
Preselector
SRF2290B
10 CHANNEL XCVR BAY
BBX
2:1
2:1
2:1
SC Preselector
SCTM9600 CDMA MF

6
6.2.1.3 Duplexed Antennas
The use of duplexers implies zero isolation between a family of transmit carriers and a family of
receive carriers. Under these conditions, any transmit IM spurs created by non-linearities, in active
or passive components, in the common path might produce significant interferers in the receive
band. Duplexers can be made to work in some applications under ideal conditions; but any imper-
fections introduced by aging, lightning, thermal cycling, bi-metallic interaction or other common
stresses can reduce system performance to below acceptable levels.
Motorola does not recommend the use of duplexers for AMPS/CDMA systems at 800 MHz, how-
ever certain situations may require their use. Intermodulation products introduced by the duplexed
antenna system may degrade either the CDMA or the analog system depending upon the duplexing
scheme implemented. For further clarification, refer to Figure 7.3 and the accompanying text.
Duplexing a 800 MHz CDMA system has been broken down into three options. These are the only
options that are considered to be acceptable at this time. Any duplexing configurations that are dif-
ferent from what is shown below would require evaluation of its acceptability. The following table
and figure illustrate three possible configurations where duplexers could be used with CDMA and
AMPS carriers and the acceptability of each:
Table 6-1: Possible Duplexed Configurations
CDMA TX AMPS TX CDMA & AMPS TX

Option #1: Unconditionally Option #2: Unconditionally Option #3: Conditionally
CDMA acceptable for one CDMA car- acceptable for SIG only. Condi- acceptable for one or multiple
& rier. Conditionally acceptable tionally acceptable for multiple CDMA and AMPS SIG only.
AMPS for multiple CDMA carriers. AMPS carriers. NOT accept- NOT acceptable for CDMA and
RX able for multiple AMPS carri- multiple AMPS voice carriers.
ers including SIG.
Figure 6-14: CDMA Duplexing Options
Rx Rx Rx
CDMA CDMA CDMA
Tx Tx & Tx
& &
AMPS AMPS AMPS
Rx Rx Rx
CDMA AMPS CDMA
Tx Voice or SIG & AMPS SIG
Option #1 Option #2 Option #3
Option 1: Duplexing One CDMA Transmit Carrier with CDMA and/or AMPS Receive.

6
This is the recommended implementation. Duplexing multiple CDMA transmit carriers with
CDMA and/or AMPS receive may be acceptable if the proper IM prevention site engineering, fre-
quency planning, and maintenance techniques are employed.
Option 2: Duplexing One AMPS SIG Channel (control channel) with CDMA and/or
AMPS Receive.
This is an acceptable configuration. Duplexing multiple AMPS voice transmit carriers with CDMA
and/or AMPS receive may be acceptable with proper IM prevention site engineering, frequency
planning, and maintenance techniques. This is the least desired option due to the complexity of im-
plementing and maintaining the proper IM frequency planning techniques for the multiple AMPS
carriers. Duplexing multiple AMPS voice and SIG carriers with CDMA and/or AMPS receive is
not acceptable.
Option 3: Duplexing One or Multiple CDMA and AMPS SIG Carriers with CDMA and/
or AMPS Receive
This may be an acceptable configuration if the proper IM prevention site engineering, frequency
planning, and maintenance techniques are employed. Duplexing one or multiple CDMA and mul-
tiple AMPS voice carriers with CDMA and/or AMPS receive is not acceptable.
The only inherently acceptable application of a duplexed CDMA system is to duplex the TX of one
CDMA carrier or one AMPS SIG carrier with the RX of CDMA and/or AMPS. This is always ac-
ceptable because there is no transmitter generated receive band IM for one carrier.
Configurations that are inherently not acceptable are multiple AMPS carriers, including signalling
channels, combined with CDMA carriers. These configurations are considered unacceptable be-
cause there is a potential problem of in-band intermodulation generation with difficult spurious fre-
quency location prediction. The IM frequency planning mentioned above refers to planning the
transmit frequencies into the duplexer such that high energy, low order IM products, do not inter-
fere with the planned receive frequencies of the duplexer. The potential for interference and diffi-
culty in spurious location prediction increases significantly when using EAMPS and NAMPS
channels due to the increased number of carriers used in such configurations. The increase of fre-
quency spacing of EAMPS channels also allows IM products, as low as fifth order for non-wireline
systems, and seventh order for wireline systems to potentially exist (non-expanded AMPS systems
only had potential for eleventh order IM products and higher).
Combined analog and CDMA systems, that are considered conditionally acceptable, require site
engineering and preventative maintenance in order to provide acceptable system performance.
Some of the guidelines for site engineering and preventative maintenance are presented in Section
6.2.1.4.
6.2.1.4 Proper Installation and Maintenance of Duplexed Antennas
The comments below are intended to show proper installation and component selection in systems
where duplexer use cannot be avoided.

6
6.2.1.4.1 Equipment Recommendations
All RF components in the cell site common receive/transmit path must be certified by the equip-
ment manufacturer for IM performance. A typical (derived from GSM) IM specification is that all
transmit intermodulation products appearing in the receive band should be less than -110 dBm for
two input transmit carriers, at a power level of 25 Watts per carrier. In addition, a regularly sched-
uled Preventative Maintenance Inspection (PMI) plan should be developed to verify that system
IM performance has not been degraded and to ensure component integrity. Typical requirements
for a PMI plan are described below.
The following components at the site would require IM certification:
Coax - Standard “Heliax” type coax is considered to have acceptable IM performance if undam-
aged and unkinked. Other types of coax would have to be individually tested and certified. Cable
installation should include visual inspections for cable damage and electrical measurements to ver-
ify performance. Provisions for strain relief to minimize stress on cables and maintain proper bend
radii should be made. Cables should be mounted securely so as to prevent vibration and movement
per vender specifications.
Connectors - The connectors in the common transmit/receive path are the most likely cause of sys-
tem IM problems. System planning should attempt to minimize the number of connections in this
path in order to prevent IM problems from occurring. Connectors with good IM properties have
silver plating and mechanical rigidity. 7/16 type connectors have been optimized for IM perfor-
mance and should be used, if possible, in all paths with potential for IM problems. Assembly and
installation instructions should be provided by the manufacturer and should include torque speci-
fications. All connectors should be thoroughly cleaned, prior to installation, and waterproofed, if
exposed to outdoor elements. Care should be taken when mating and unmating connectors to pre-
vent contamination and to maintain plating integrity. Connectors should be regularly inspected for
damage and proper torque.
Lightning Arrestors - Certification of lightning arrestors is the same as that of connectors. In ad-
dition, lightning arrestor performance will degrade if a lightning strike has been taken by the an-
tenna. Verification of component performance should be made regularly.
Duplexers - Considerable effort has been made by duplexer manufacturers to improve IM perfor-
mance of duplexers. A duplexer that has been certified for its IM performance should include ad-
equate silver plating of components and 7/16 type connectors. Accelerated life testing should be
performed as part of the certification process. Only IM certified duplexers should be used in a du-
plexed system.
Antennas - Each antenna installed in a cell site should be tested and certified for IM performance.
This is due to the additional potential IM risk of contamination of the material used for the radiating
elements (no ferromagnetic materials). Proper care in installation should be used to prevent anten-
na damage and to verify that there are no metallic objects in the radiation paths close enough to re-
radiate back into the receiver (the “rusty bolt effect”). Mechanical stability should be provided to
protect from exposure and wind effects. Inspection and electrical verification should be made on a
regular basis, especially after a lightning strike or other unusual weather occurrence.

6
6.2.1.4.2 Installation Recommendations
Antennas - Care should be taken in installation to maintain proper distances from any other radi-
ators or other obstruction on the same tower.
Cable Lashing - All cables should be prevented from movement. A major source of IM is the
movement of the cable at any connector. In addition, damage may result to the cable at a connector
from continued movement.
Cable Bends - Care should be taken to prevent any excessive bends in cabling. Slack and service
loops should be provided in cable runs to prevent stress to cables.
Water Proofing - All external connectors should be waterproofed and regularly inspected for her-
meticism. External components should be installed to prevent internal water capture. Components
should be removed from any areas with potential standing water.
6.2.1.4.3 Maintenance
A Preventative Maintenance Inspection (PMI) plan should be developed and followed in order to
maintain the IM performance of a cell site. A PMI should include a complete visual inspection of
the cell site for obvious component damage or misapplication and an RF two tone test to verify
system performance is satisfactory. Figure 6-15: Two Tone IM Test Set Up (800 MHz) is a dia-
gram of the two tone test setup and is shown below.
The low noise amplifiers combined with the spectrum analyzer in the above diagram should be sen-
sitive enough to measure IM products at -120 dBm or lower. The frequencies of the CW tones
should be such that the spurious product of interest should fall within the passband of the receive
path. All measured IM products should be below -110 dBm.
If any anomalies are observed, a sweep of the transmit path using a Time Domain Reflectometer
(TDR) or equivalent should be performed. A TDR will identify the existence and location of sig-
nificant RF discontinuity in the signal path.
Monitoring cell site received signal strength indicator statistics for consistent foreign carriers is
also a good indication of IM problems and should be part of a PMI plan. Monitoring the receiver
port in the cell site with a spectrum analyzer for foreign carriers should also be performed. The port
should be monitored with the transmit carriers keyed and unkeyed to verify whether interference
is internally or externally generated.

6
Figure 6-8: Two tone IM test set up
12/18/98
FERROCOM
Version 2.1
(Mod. No. 5809866C01)
CIRCULATORS MACOM
w/50 ohm loads (Mod. No.
CPA-120-CBA)
A/B AMPS. NARDA
HP8657B CDPD
SIG GEN DUPLEXER
Rx.
ANT.
Tx.
HP6653A
HP8657B POWER
SIG GEN SUPPLY
(27V,10A)
(27V)
ANT. Tx. ANT. Tx.
MINICIRCUITS
(Mod.No. 15542) Rx. Rx.
0 deg.
COMBINER
LIGHTNING FILTRONICS LOW IM

ARRESTOR HP6024A
DUPLEXERS CM035-F2 POWER
LOW IM LOAD CABLE SUPPLY
(150-200 ft. of RG-393 Tx. (24V)
(24V,1A)
Cable with silver plated
type N-connector on one ANT.
end and other end open. Rx.
Approx. 7.6 dB loss/100 ft. HP8591A
Copyright Motorola 1993 - 1998

of RG-393 cable.) JANEL SPECTRUM
Motorola Confidential Proprietary

MOTOROLA LNA ANALYZER
UNTERMINATED Tx/Rx FREQ.
DIPLEXER
SRF
Figure 6-15: Two Tone IM Test Set Up (800 MHz)
The shaded region represents the system under test 3 dB 2140 OUT IN
which will be replaced with the customer's duplexer pad LNA
and antenna system. (Care should be taken to ensure
the amplifiers do not go unterminated.)
Note:
Equipment part numbers are for reference only and are not
intended as a recommendation to purchase a particular manufacturer's
equipment. Equivalent, more compact, less expensive items may be available.
6 - 23
6
6.3 Multiple Frame Antenna Sharing Configurations with SCTM BTS
Products
6.3.1 Multiple Frame Antenna Sharing with 800 MHz SCTM BTS Products
This section provides some of the multiple frame antenna sharing configurations for the SCTM BTS
product lines at 800 MHz that are currently supported.
Each 800 MHz SCTM4812 frame is capable of supporting up to two six-sector carriers or up to four
three-sector carriers. The SCTM4812 starter frame can currently support only one SCTM4812 ex-
pansion frame (see Figure 6-16). External low-loss cavity combing for transmit antenna sharing is
not supported. An optional duplexer can be used to share Tx and Rx antennas.
Figure 6-16: SCTM4812 to SCTM4812 Expansion Frame
opt. duplexer
D D
rx-div
rx-m
tx tx
rx exp.
SC4812 SC4812
exp. frame
Note: m = main, div = diversity, exp = expansion
The 800 MHz SCTM4812 frame can also share Rx antennas with some of the existing 4-digit 800
MHz BTS products, which includes the following.
• SCTM2450 STPA
• SCTM2400 with ELPA
• SCTM9600 with LPA or ELPA
There are three versions of the SCTM4812 frame, a starter frame, an expansion frame, and a modem
frame. The general differences between the three different versions are as follows. A starter frame

6
is a standard stand-alone BTS frame which is designed to amplify the Rx & Tx signals while con-
nected directly to the antenna feed line jumpers. An expansion frame shares the Rx signals from a
starter frame and thus it is designed with a lower Rx gain in the front end, since the starter frame
provides the first stage of amplification. The Tx signals of an expansion frame are independent
from that of the starter frame and are typically connected to their own antenna (unless some sort of
external combining technique is used). A modem frame is functionally similar to the SCTM9600
modem frame. In this case, the modem frame shares the Rx signals from another frame (typically
a SIF) as well as providing a low level Tx output signal which requires further amplification from
yet another frame (typically an LPA or ELPA frame). The following figures provide some of the
antenna sharing configurations for the various SCTM4812 frame versions as it shares the Rx anten-
nas from various 4-digit 800 MHz BTS products.
Figure 6-17: SCTM2450 to SCTM4812 Expansion Frame
D D opt. duplexer
rx-m tx rx-div
tx
rx exp.
SC2450 SC4812
10 dB pad exp. frame
Each SCTM2450 or SCTM2400 starter frame is capable of supporting as many as three expansion
frames. The expansion frames can be of the SCTM24XX series or SCTM4812 expansion frames
(three-sector configuration only, see Figure 6-17 & Figure 6-18). There is no transmit antenna
sharing configurations that is currently supported between these frames. For expansion kit ordering
information refer to the latest version of the equipment planning guide or contact the Product Man-
agement group for more information.

6
Figure 6-18: SCTM2400 ELPA to SCTM4812 Expansion Frame
rx-m rx-div tx
rx exp.
SC4812
SC2400 exp. frame
10 dB pad
ELPA
For the SCTM2400 frames using CDMA only, the Tx output from the ELPA can be duplexed with
the Rx antenna (this is not shown in Figure 6-18). Although it is typically not recommended, the
output signals from the SCTM2400 ELPA frame can also be duplexed for mixed mode analog and
CDMA frames onto the Rx antenna, but extreme care should be used in frequency planning to pre-
vent IM products from effecting system performance.
Figure 6-19: SCTM9600 SIF to SCTM4812 Expansion Frame
rx tx
rx exp.
SC4812
SC9600 exp. frame
SIF
The configuration in Figure 6-19 provides Rx antenna sharing between a SCTM9600 Site Interface
Frame (SIF) and an SCTM4812 expansion frame (three-sector only). Up to two SCTM4812 expan-
sion frames can be supported in this configuration. Each SCTM4812 expansion frame requires a
separate Tx antenna. For expansion kit ordering information refer to the latest version of the equip-
ment planning guide or contact the Product Management group for more information.

6
Figure 6-20: SCTM9600 SIF & LPA with SCTM4812 Modem Frame
rx tx
rx exp.
SC4812 SC9600
SC9600 Modem LPA or
SIF Frame ELPA
The SCTM4812 modem frame in Figure 6-20 is compatible to the existing SCTM9600 modem
frame (three-sector only). External combiners can be used for combining up to two SCTM4812 mo-
dem frames (or 8 carriers) in this configuration. For modem frame or expansion kit ordering infor-
mation refer to the latest version of the equipment planning guide or contact the Product
Management group for more information.
6.4 CDMA Cell Site Antenna Parameters (800 MHz)
For this version of the CDMA RF Planning Guide it is assumed that the CDMA antennas will be
co-located with existing AMPS antennas and will be sharing the same tower or roof top location.
For sites where the AMPS and CDMA systems are both omni-directional, it is assumed that the
receive antennas will be shared between the two systems. Motorola recommends that a separate
transmit antenna be installed for the CDMA system to simplify the system design. Motorola does
not generally recommend the use of duplexers to allow the AMPS and CDMA systems to share
common antennas. Please refer to Section 6.2.1.3 for more details on the subject of duplexed an-
tennas.
For sites where the AMPS and CDMA systems will both be sectorized, Motorola recommends that
whenever possible the CDMA system should have separate antennas from the AMPS system. In
fact, there are several CDMA system requirements which can only be satisfied by the use of sepa-
rate CDMA and AMPS antenna systems. For example, if the coverages of the AMPS and CDMA
systems at the site require different downtilt angles for their respective antennas, or if the CDMA
softer handoff considerations require a narrower horizontal beamwidth for the CDMA sector an-
tennas than for the AMPS sector antennas. Refer to the tower specifications to balance the weight
to height ratio (tower loading).

6
6.4.1 Selecting Antenna Location and Type
6.4.1.1 CDMA Antenna Height
Motorola recommends that the separate CDMA sector antennas should be mounted on the tower
below the existing AMPS antennas so that the superior isolation provided by vertical spacing is
obtained. This approach leaves the AMPS antennas untouched. If, however, the separate CDMA
sector antennas must share the same tower platform or level, it is very likely that the existing
AMPS antennas must either be replaced with smaller antennas or relocated to provide sufficient
room for the additional CDMA antennas to be located at the same level on the tower.
6.4.1.2 CDMA Antenna Type
If an additional omni-directional type transmit antenna is required for the CDMA system, a type
similar to the existing AMPS transmit antennas should be more than adequate.
The requirements for the sector type directional CDMA antennas depend not only on the available
space but also on the desired beamwidths. If narrower horizontal beamwidths are desired for the
CDMA antennas than for the AMPS antennas, then appropriate types must be chosen. Sufficient
isolation between the transmit and receive CDMA antennas and the existing AMPS antennas
should be readily obtained if separate CDMA antennas are mounted at a lower level than the exist-
ing AMPS sector antennas. This applies to CDMA antenna types similar to the existing AMPS an-
tennas. However, if the CDMA and AMPS antennas must all be located at the same tower height,
then physically smaller antenna types may be required for not only the new CDMA units but also
as replacements for the existing AMPS antennas.
In general the log-periodic reflector type directional antennas have smaller height and width di-
mensions for the same forward gain than dipole panel antennas or collinear dipole reflector type
antennas. They, of course, have a larger dimension in the direction of maximum gain due to the
length of the log-periodic array(s) which form the overall antenna system. Because of the smaller
area occupied on the face of the tower or its platform, it should be possible to fit at least 7 of these
antennas in the same space originally allocated for the AMPS sector antennas.
Log-periodic reflector type antennas also appear to have excellent front-to-back and front-to-side
ratios. It appears that the isolation between adjacent antennas is significantly higher than for dipole
type directional antennas. This is based on measured data taken by Allgon System AB on their line
of log-periodic reflector antennas. This provides the same isolation with closer spacing than for
comparable gain panel antennas or greater isolation for the same spacing.
Special consideration should be given to the antenna bandwidth. If the use of duplexers is required
then a wideband antenna capable of supporting the primary and the secondary CDMA carriers

6
should be selected (see table below)
Table 6-2: CDMA Carrier Frequency Range
Primary CDMA Carrier -

Frequency Frequency Range in MHz
Center Channel
Band (Base RX/TX)
(& Broadband Channel Range)
A 283 (263-303) 832.89-834.09 / 877.89-879.09

B 384 (364-404) 835.92-837.12 / 880.92-882.12
Frequency Secondary CDMA Carrier - Frequency Range in MHz

Band Center Channel (Base RX/TX)
(& Broadband Channel Range)
A 691 (671-711) 845.13-846.33 / 890.13-891.33
B 777 (757-797) 847.71-848.91 / 892.71-893.91

6
6.5 Antenna Isolation Considerations (800/1900 MHz)
This sub-section describes the RF isolation requirements between the various transmit and receive
antennas of two or more separate radio systems which share a common tower/platform/rooftop lo-
cation. Typical examples of site sharing are an 800 MHz CDMA system overlayed on an existing
800 MHz AMPS system, or a 1900 MHz CDMA PCS system sharing the same tower/rooftop with
an existing 800 MHz AMPS/CDMA system. Table 6-3 summarizes the isolation requirements be-
tween two transmit antennas, two receive antennas, or a transmit and receive antenna pair which
share a common location and are operating in the 800 MHz Cellular and/or 1900 MHz PCS bands
and utilizing analog or CDMA technology.
The data in Table 6-3 is a summary of the detailed calculations that are included in the appendix.
Since the required isolation between the TX-TX, RX-RX, and TX-RX pairs of antennas is for the
most part identical for all of the combinations of both 800 MHz AMPS/CDMA and 1900 MHz
CDMA PCS systems, it is appropriate that a single set of isolation requirements should be adopted.
Therefore minimum TX-TX antenna isolations of 23 dB, minimum RX-RX antenna isolations of
20 dB, and minimum TX-RX antenna isolations of 34 dB, will be adopted for both bands and sys-
tem types covered by this section.
Also included in this section are several antenna placement examples as well as a discussion of
some typical isolations that can be expected between various combinations of 800 MHz and 1900
MHz antennas.
6.5.1 CDMA/AMPS Transmit/Receive Antenna Isolation Requirements
Table 6-3: Antenna Isolation Requirements
Cellular Band (824-894 MHz) PCS Band (1.7-2.0 GHz)
TX-TX RX-RX TX-RX TX-TX RX-RX TX-RX

Cellular 23 dB 20 dB 34 dB 23 dB 20 dB 34 dB
PCS 23 dB 20 dB 34 dB 23 dB 20 dB 34 dB
The antenna isolation requirements in Table 6-3 represent the port-to-port isolation between the
equipment end of the bottom jumper of one antenna system to the equipment end of the bottom
jumper of the other antenna system. Therefore, if the combined jumper and main transmission line
losses of the transmit and receive antenna systems are say 5 dB then the required isolation between
the two antennas themselves would only have to be 29 dB to achieve the required 34 dB port-to-
port isolation listed in Table 6-3.

6
6.5.1.1 Measuring Port-to-Port Antenna Isolation
The TX-RX isolation can be measured by feeding a test signal into the transmit antenna bottom
jumper input (normally connected to the transmitter output port) and measuring the level of the sig-
nal at the output end of the receive antenna bottom jumper (normally connected to the receiver in-
put port).
A typical measurement setup for port-to-port isolation between two antennas is a signal generator
feeding the desired transmit frequency (at a level of about -20 dBm) into the transmit antenna bot-
tom jumper and a spectrum analyzer or calibrated test receiver (adjusted to measure the level of the
transmit test signal) connected to the receive antenna bottom jumper. The difference between the
received level and signal generator test level is the port-to-port isolation. For example, if the level
of the received signal is -60 dBm for a signal generator output level of -20 dBm, the port-to-port
isolation would be 40 dB.
6.5.1.2 Reducing the Required Antenna Isolation
Except for overload of the AMPS or CDMA receiver front ends by the AMPS or CDMA transmit
carriers, which require a minimum isolation between the transmit and receive antennas of 20 dB,
all of the isolation requirements above 20 dB outlined above are due to the effects of either the
noise energy or IM products that are produced in the AMPS or CDMA PAs/LPAs and which fall
in the receiver band.
If the receive band attenuation of the bandpass filter in the output of an 800 MHz LPA is increased
(or additional external receiver band filtering is added), the required antenna isolation may be re-
duced. However, transmitter IM products generated by hardware in the RF path following the
bandpass or added external filter may limit the amount of improvement that can be achieved.
6.5.2 Typical Antenna Isolation
For 800 MHz directional panel antennas it should be possible to achieve 25-30 dB of isolation with
0.45-0.6 meters of spacing and 35 dB or so at one meter of horizontal spacing. However, reflections
from the tower structure and coupling effects from other antennas may reduce the isolation obtain-
able. This is especially true for the advertised front-to-back ratios for many directional antennas
which do not have metal reflector panels on the back sides of the panel structures.
1900 MHz PCS directional panel antennas should be able to achieve isolation levels comparable
to similar 800 MHz types at spacings approaching half of the 800 MHz spacings. Because of this
the tower platform sizes at 1900 MHz can be significantly smaller than those at 800 MHz.
On the basis of limited testing by several of the antenna vendors it would appear that the cross band
isolation between 800 MHz and 1900 MHz antennas in close proximity can run 10-15 dB better
than the same band isolation would be for similar physical spacings.
Because of differences between various antenna types the actual antenna isolation of a proposed
site sharing configuration should be measured using the techniques in Section 6.4.1.1.

6
6.5.2.1 CDMA Antenna Placement
Refer to the following figures for CDMA antenna placement examples using a “shared” platform
approach and a “separate” platform approach.
Figure 6-21: Antenna Placement - Shared Platform
AMPS CDMA AMPS CDMA CDMA AMPS

RX RX TX TX RX RX
(Main) (Main) (Diversity) (Diversity)
20 dB of isolation 34 dB of isolation 23 dB of isolation 34 dB of isolation 20 dB of isolation

desirable required desirable required desirable
Notes: 1. Only 1 face of a 120o S/S implementation is shown here.
Figure 6-22: Antenna Placement - Separate Platforms
AMPS AMPS AMPS

RX TX RX
(Main) (Diversity)
1 m min.
vertical
separation
CDMA CDMA CDMA

RX TX RX
(Main) (Diversity)
34 dB of isolation 34 dB of isolation
required required
Notes: 1. Only 1 face of a 120o S/S implementation is shown here.

6
6.5.2.2 Antenna Placement Considerations
With reference to Figure 6-21 the shared platform approach can be readily utilized for a 800 MHz
AMPS/CDMA configuration with shared receive antennas and one or two sets of separate transmit
antennas. An eight antenna configuration involving two receive and two transmit antennas for each
of the AMPS and CDMA systems, can get rather unwieldy, and the separate platform approach in
Figure 6-22 might be more appropriate.
For 800 MHz and 1900 MHz shared sites the separate platform approach would appear to be the
better choice, not that sufficient isolation could not be obtained with the single platform but be-
cause of the potential for conflicts should either of the systems want to change existing antennas
or add additional antennas. Any physical changes in the antennas for one system could impact the
other system because of a reduction in antenna isolations on the same platform. Separate platforms
will normally provide a higher degree of isolation between the two systems which reduces the pos-
sibility of "political problems" between the two systems when either system desires changes in
their antennas.
6.6 Conclusion
If various factors such as economics, zoning issues, tower loading, etc., result in a decision to share
hardware and/or antennas between CDMA equipment being added to an existing AMPS site then
one or more of the hardware approaches discussed in this section can be implemented. As dis-
cussed, however, a separate set of CDMA antennas on their own platform will avoid many of the
complications that hardware sharing can introduce.
The details on antenna isolation between the various transmit and receive antennas on a shared site
conclude that the required isolation is essentially the same, whether the antennas are in the 800
MHz or 1900 MHz bands, and whether they are associated with an analog or a CDMA system.

6


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Section CDMA RF Planning Guide

6.2 Co-Located AMPS & CDMA Cell Sites (800 MHz)

• Common transmit antenna

6.2.1.1 Common Transmit Antenna

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6-1

This configuration is recommended for commercial deployment.

Figure 6-1: SCTM9600 LPA Used by HDII Carriers

HDII SCTM9600 LPA

Notes for Figure 6-1: SCTM9600 LPA Used by HDII Carriers:

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6-2

Option 1: (SCTM9600 Modem Frame)

Figure 6-2: HDII LPA Used by SCTM9600 CDMA Carriers(s)

HDII NAMPS LPA

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6-3

Figure 6-3: HDII LPA used by SCTM9600-D CDMA carriers(s)

HDII NAMPS LPA RFDS

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6-4

6.2.1.1.3.1 Ring Combiners

6.2.1.1.3.2 Pseudo-Omni Cell Using Splitters/Combiners

6.2.1.1.4 Power Allocation in Mixed Mode Systems

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6-5

P(cdma) = Overhead power + Traffic Channel power

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6-6

A. AMPS Band ELPA

The derating equation for two ELPA modules installed is:

EAC = equivalent analog carriers

The derating equation for three ELPA modules installed is:

EAC = equivalent analog carriers

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6-7

EAC = equivalent analog carriers

B. Combined-Shelf AMPS Band ELPA

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6-8

The derating equation for four ELPA modules installed is:

EAC = equivalent analog carriers

The derating equation for six ELPA modules installed is:

EAC = equivalent analog carriers

Pout = ELPA maximum output power rating

The derating equation for eight ELPA modules installed is:

EAC = equivalent analog carriers

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6-9

C. AMPS Band LPA

For 5 or less EAC: Pout = 110 Watts

For 12 or less EAC: Pout = 140 Watts

D. Other Linear Power Amplifiers

6.2.1.1.4.3 Example of a Mixed-Mode Site with Rate Set 1

The derating equation for four ELPA modules installed is:

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6 - 10

Pout(sif) = 80.4 Watts (worst loss)

P(cdma) = 1.85 x Ppilot + Nfl x 0.15 x Ppilot

Nfl = N(2%) x (SSHOF)

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6 - 11

The power required by the CDMA carrier is therefore:

P(cdma) = 3.7 Watts + 42 x 0.3 Watts

P(analog) = Pout(sif) - P(cdma)

Ptch(analog) = 3.21 Watts

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6 - 12

6.2.1.2.1 HDII Multicoupler (Receive Outputs Serving SCTM CDMA BTS)

Option 1: (SCTM9600-D Modem Frame)

Figure 6-4: SCTM9600-D CDMA-AMPS Configuration, Shared Sector HDII Multicoupler

Notes for Figure 6-4 and Figure 6-5:

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6 - 13

Option 2: (SCTM9600 BTS Frames)

Version 2.1 Motorola Confidential Proprietary 6 - 14

Notes for Figure 6-6 and Figure 6-7: