Molluscs

(a brief introduction)

Hannah McLean
• Molluscs are soft bodied animals, often with
hard shells for protection.
• They are one of the most diverse phyla,
second only to Arthropods (insects, crabs,
shrimp, and others).
• There are 8 known living classes of
molluscs and new species are constantly
being discovered.
• Many species can actively change their
skin color or naturally blend into their
surroundings.
 Class Polyplacophora
• Commonly called
Chitons, this group of
molluscs has
approximately 500
species in it.
• The name
Polyplacophora refers
to the 8 plates that
cover the backs of
Chitons.
Gumboot Chiton “wandering meatloaf”
 Lined Chiton Heath’s Chiton

Veiled Chiton

Hairy Chiton
 Class Cephalopoda
• Cephalopoda means
“head foot.”
• Members of this class
include Octopus,
Squid, Nautilus, and
Cuttlefish.
• Except the Nautilus,
members of this
group have no
external shell.
 Order Octopoda

• This order is named for

its 8 legs.
• Octopuses are best
known for their
extraordinary shape and
color changing abilities.
• Octopuses are among the
smartest invertebrates
with the intelligence and
curiosity of a domestic Giant Pacific Octopus
house cat.
Paper Nautilus

Dumbo Octopus

Blue Ringed Octopus

Mimic Octopus
 Order Teuthida
Loligo vulgaris
• This order contains
most squid.
• Unlike octopuses,
squids have two long
tentacles and eight
arms.
• While they do not have
a shell, they have a
“pen” which remains for
structural purposes.
Humboldt Cock-eyed squid
squid

Giant Squid washed

up on beach

Sucker marks found

on sperm whale skin
Humboldt squid beak
 Order Sepiida
• Name for “sepia,” the color of
ink released from body when
frightened.
• Contains cuttlefish which are
squid like, but have a more
rigid body due to their
cuttlebone.
• Have the ability to change their
texture and color more rapidly
and widely than squid.

Paintpot Cuttlefish

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zC0zOLqYnRg
Pfeffer’s Flamboyant Cuttlefish
Pyjama Squid Broadclub Cuttlefish

Australian Giant Cuttlefish Common Cuttlefish

 Order Nautilida
• Last known extant (non-
existent) family of subclass
nautiloidea.
• Only living cephalopod with
a true shell.
• Known as a “living fossil”
because they are resemble
ancient ammonites.

Chambered Nautilus shell

 Class Bivalvia
• This class includes: clams,
mussels, scallops, oysters, cockles,
and jingle shells.
• The only class of molluscs that has
two shells.
• The smallest bivalves are
microscopic and the largest are 4
feet across.
• Most bivalves are filter feeders
taking all floating particles out of the
water column.
• Bivalves attach themselves to hard
substrate, bury in the sea bottom,
and some, like scallops, are able to
flap their valves together and move
freely.
 Giant Clam
Hard Clam

Blue Mussel

Pen Shell

Imperial Venus Clam

File Shell
Atlantic Thorny Oyster

Shipworm
 Class Gastropoda
• Most diverse molluscan class with
80,000 known species.
• Only molluscan class to colonize
land.
• Taxonomy under constant revision
due to DNA analysis.
• This class contains several
poisonous species.
• Some gastropods lack a shell, but
most are known only by their
extraordinary shell coloration.

Cone Snail devouring fish

 Blue Dorid Nudibranch

Lightning
Carrier shell Whelk
Atlantic Slipper Shell

C. marmoreus
feeding on
cowrie

Chestnut cowrie

Florida Horse Conch Knobbed Whelk

 My research
Studying the Asian Clam (Corbicula
fluminea), testing population sizes in
rivers with different environmental
influences (such as temperature,
salinity, flow rate, and nutrients) by
measuring the number and size of the
clams and native bivalves present.