Assignment

Done by
S.G VIDHYASAGAR
 SEMESTER I

COMMUNCATIVE ENGLISH -1

Communication:

It is a process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts through speech, signal, writing or behavior.

Types of communication:

Based on communication channels

1. Verbal
2. Nan verbal
3. Visual

Based on purpose and style

1. Formal
2. Informal

Report writing:

A report is an account given of a particular event, issue, subject especially in the form of an official
document.

Resume writing:

A resume is a document that introduce you i.e. the applicant to your prospective employer or trainer.

E-mail:

It is a common method of composing, sending and receiving messages over electronic communication
system.

Direct – Indirect speech

Active – passive voice

Vocabulary
 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF ACCOUNTING -1

Accounting:

Accounting is the art of recording, classifying, and summarising in a significant manner and in terms of
money, transactions and events which are in part at least of a financial character and interpreting the result
thereof.

Accounting standards:

AS are written policy documents issued by expert of accounting body covering all aspects of accounting
transaction and events in the financial statements.

Accounting process:

Journal entry, ledgers, trial balance, subsidiary books, cash book, rectification of errors

Bank reconciliation statement (BRS):

To reconcile means to identify or find out the difference between two sources and eliminate the difference.

1. Bank column in cash book

2. Bank statement

Inventory valuation:

It means determining the value of inventories carried in the financial statements until the related revenues
are recognized.

Depreciation:

As per schedule II under Companies Act, 2013 Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable
amount of an asset aver it’s useful life.

Bill of exchange:

It is an instrument in writing containing an unconditional order signed by the maker directing certain person
to pay a certain sum of money only to or to the order of a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument.

Promissory note:

A promissory note is an instrument in writing, not being a bank note containing an unconditional undertaking
signed by the maker to pay an certain sum of money .
 BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

Ratio and proportion, indices, logarithms:

a:b= c:d i.e. a/b = c/d i.e. ad = cb

Equations:

It is the mathematical statement of equality.

3x²+5x+6 = 0

Matrix:

A rectangular array of numbers with m rows and n columns.

Time value of money:

Simple interest, compound interest, annuity and present value

Permutations and Combinations:

nPr = n!/(n-r)!

nCr = n!/r!(n-r)!

Sequence and series ( Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions):

A.P series a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, …………..

G.P series a, ar, ar², ar³,………..

Sets, Relations And Functions:

A set is defined to be the collection of well defined distinct objects.

Any subset of the product set X.Y is said to define a relation from X to Y.

Any relation from X to Y in which no two different ordered pairs have the same first element is called a
function.

Differential and Integral calculus:

Differentiation is denoted by f’(x) or dy/DX

Integration is the reverse process of differentiation.

 BUSINESS LAW

Indian Contract Act , 1872 :

Contract [section 2(h)]:

An agreement enforceable by law.

Agreement = offer + acceptance

Types of contract.

The Sales Of Goods Act, 1930:

• Goods [section 2(7)]

• Classification of goods
• Conditions and warranties
• Ownership and delivery
• Unpaid seller

The Indian Partnership Act, 1932:

• Nature of partnership
• Kinds of partnership
• Types of partner
• Relation of partner
• Rights and duties

The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008:

Limited liability and same as partnership.

The Companies Act, 2013:

• Features of company
• Corporate veil theory
• Classes of company
• Shares
• Types of shares
• Memorandum of association
• Articles of association
 SEMESTER II

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF ACCOUNTING - II

Preparation of Final Accounts of Sole proprietors:

• Trading Account
• Profit and loss Account
• Balance sheet

Final Accounts Of Manufacturing Entities:

• Manufacturing cost
• Manufacturing Account
• Profit and loss Account
• Balance sheet

Partnership Accounts:

• Main clause in partnership deed

• Power of partners
• Profit and loss Appropriation Account
• Capital
• Treatment of Goodwill
• Admission, retirement and death of partner

Financial Statements of Non Profit Organizations:

• Accounting treatment
• Source of income
• Income and Expenditure Account
• Receipt and Payment Account
• Balance sheet

Companies Account:

• P&l account and Balance Sheet

• Shares and it’s types and accounting treatment of shares
• Debentures and accounting treatment of debentures
 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH II

Developing Writing Skills:

• Basics of writing
• Precis writing
• Article writing

Formal and informal letter:

• Types of letters
1. Circular
2. Complaint
3. Memos
4. Sales and recovery
• Format for letter

Meetings:

• Types of meeting
1. Organisational meeting:
A regular meeting involving stockholders and management.
2. Operational meeting:
Regular or ad hoc meeting involving management and employees, such as committee
meeting, planning meeting, and sales meeting.
• Minutes of meeting:
Minutes is also known as protocols or informally notes, are the instant written record of a meeting
or hearing.

Note making and summary writing:

• Styles of note making

Linear and non linear
• Summarising the notes
• Common symbols and acronyms
 BUSINESS STATISTICS

Statistical Description of Data:

• Collection of data
• Primary and secondary data
• Scrutiny of data
Density = Area/ Population
• Presentation of data
• Frequency distribution and it’s graphical representation

Central Tendency:

• Mean
• Median
• Mode
• Geometric and Harmonic Mean
• Standard deviation and variance

Probability:

P(A) = no. of events favourable to A/ Total no. of events

• Set theoretic approach to probability

• Addition theorems

Theoretical Distribution:

• Binomial distribution
f(x) = nCx p^x q^n-x
• Normal Or Gaussian Distribution
• Poisson Distribution

Index Number:

• Test of Adequacy
• Laspeyres Index
• Passche’s Index
• Marshall-Edgeworth Index
• Fisher’s Index
 BUSINESS ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT

Nature and scope of Economics

• Micro and macro economics

• Internal and external issues

Theory of Demand and Supply

• Price elasticity of demand

• Arc elasticity of demand
• Law of supply
• Elasticity of supply

Theory of Production and Cost

• Factors of production
• Types of capital
• Cobb- Douglas production function
• Cost function and concepts
• Fixed and Variable Cost

Markets

• Types of market
• Perfect competition

Business Cycles

• Phases
• Economic indicators

Business Environment

• Components
• Government Policies
• Business Terminology
• Organization Facilitating Business
• Business Organizations
 SEMESTER III

ADVANCED ACCOUNTING-I

Accounting Standards:

• Status of AS
• Applicability of AS for Corporate Entities
• Applicability of AS for Non Corporate Entities
• AS 3, AS 17, AS 18, AS 24 AS 2

Financial Statements of Companies:

• Preparation of Financial Statements

• Schedule III
• Cash Flow Statement

Profit Or Loss Pre And Post Incorporation:

• Computation
• Time basis and Sales basis
• Pre incorporation

Accounting for Bonus Issue And Right Issue:

• Provisions of Companies Act

• SEBI regulations
• Journal entries
• Right Issue
Value of right = cum right value of shares -Ex right value of shares
• Redemption

Insurance claim

Hire purchase and installment sale

Departmental Accounts

Accounting for branches

 TAXATION-I

Basics Concepts:

• Income tax law

• Previous year and Assessment year
• Slab rates

Residential status:

• Resident
• Resident but not ordinary
• Non resident
• Scope of total income

Heads of income:

• Salaries
• Income from house property
• Profits and gains of business or profession
• Capital gains
• Income from other sources
• Deduction from gross total income

Indirect Tax:

• Goods and Services Tax

• Levy and Collection of CGST and SGST
• Rates of GST
• Composition levy
• Exemption from tax

Tax Invoice:

• Credit Note
• Debit Note
• E-Way bill
• Return under section 39
• Section 46 delay in return
 COST ACCOUNTING

Introduction:

• Objectives and scope

• Users of cost accounting
• Elements of cost
• Fixed Cost, variable cost and semi variable cost

Preparation of cost sheet:

• Functional classification and ascertainment of cost

• Cost sheet for manufacturing sector
• Cost sheet for service sector

Ascertainment of cost:

• Stock verification
• Valuation of material receipts
• Inventory accounting

Employee cost:

• Attendance and payroll procedure

Basic pay, dearness allowance, overtime, bonus, holiday and leave wages, allowances and perquisites
• Employee cost control
• Employee turnover
• Utilization of human resources

Overheads:

• Functional analysis
Factory, administration, selling, distribution, research and development
• Behavioral analysis
• Factory and administration overheads
• Concept of Activity Based Costing
• Recording and accounting of cost
• Absorption cost method
 MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

Methods of Costing

• Unit costing
• Job costing
Job cost cards and database, collecting direct cost of each job . attributing overheads to job, application
of job costing
• Batch costing
Determination of optimum batch quantity, ascertainment of cost for a batch, preparation of batch cost
sheet, treatment of spoiled and defective work.
• Contract costing
Ascertainment of cost of a contract, progress payment , Retention money, escalation clause, cost plus
contract, value of work certified, cost of work not certified.
• Process/operation costing
Process cost recoding, process loss, abnormal gain and loss, equivalent unit of production, inter process
profit.
• Costing of service sector
Determination of cost and prices of services

Cost control analysis:

• Standard costing
Material cost variance, employee cost variance, variable overhead variance and fixed over head
variance
• Marginal costing
Basic concept, contribution margin break even point, profit volume chart
Cost volume profit analysis, angel of incidence, margin of safety
Determination of cost of a product under marginal costing method, determination of cost of finished
goods, work in progress.
• Budget and budgetary control
Meaning, essential, budget manual, budget setting process, preparation of budget and monitoring
procedures
Use of budget planning control
Flexible budget, cash budget, master budget.
 CORPORATE LAW

The Companies Act ,2013

• Section 1 to 148
• Short title, extent
• Commencement

Incorporation of company

• Formation of company
• Incorporation of company
• Incorporation of one person company
• Memorandum of association (MOA)
• Articles of association (AOA)

Allotment of securities

• Security to be dealt within stock exchange

• Allotment of securities by company
• Misstatement in prospectus
• Action by affected person
• Punishment

Share capital and Debentures

• Types of shares
• Voting rights
• Certificate of shares

Audit and Auditors

• Appointment of auditor
• Removal and resignation of auditor
• Remuneration of auditor
• Powers and duties of auditor
 SEMESTER IV

ADVANCED ACCOUNTING-II

Application of Accounting Standard:

• AS 4
• AS 7
• AS 9
• AS 14
• AS 17
• AS 18

Special Aspects of Company Accounts:

• Accounting for employee stock option plan

• Buy back of securities
• Equity rights with differential rights

Reorganization and liquidation of company

• Accounting for amalgamation and reconstruction

• Accounting involved in liquidation of company

Consolidated financial statements

Dissolution of partnership firm

Amalgamation of partnership firm

Conversation of partnership firm into a company

 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Financial management

• Role and purpose

• Function
• Financial distress and insolvency

Financial analysis through ratios

• Users of financial analysis

• Source of data
• Analyzing liquidity
• Analyzing leverage
• Analyzing profitability

Financial decision

• Source of finance
• Source of short term finance
• Internal fund
• Sales and lease back , convertible debt
• Cost of capital
• Capital structure
• EBIT

Adjustment of risk

• Profitability analysis
• Risk adjusted discount rate
• Scenario analysis
• Sensitivity analysis

Management of working capital

• Liquidity and profitability

• Primary and secondary source
• Working capital cycle
 AUDITING AND ASSURANCE

Auditing concept

• Nature and objective

• IAASB
• AASB

Audit strategy

• Planning of audit
• SA 300
• Development of audit plan
• SA320 Materiality in audit planning

Audit Documentation and Evidence

• Completion memorandum
• Ownership and custody
• SA 230 Audit Documentation
• Audit procedure for obtaining audit evidence
• SA 500 Audit evidence

Risk Assessment

• SA 315 Identifying and assessing risk of material misstatement

• SA 320 Materiality in planning and performing audit
• Internal audit
• SA 240 Auditor responsibility related to fraud

Audit Report

• Forming an opinion on the financial statements

• True and fair view
• Key audit matters
• Auditor responsibilities
• Management responsibilities
• Auditor signature
 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEM

Automated Business Process

• Benefits, risk and control

• Diagrammatic representation of business processes
• Procure to pay , order to cash
• Applicable regulatory and compliance requirements

Financial and Accounting Systems

• Integrated and Non Integrated systems

• Business process modules
• Reporting system and MIS , data analytics
• Business reporting

Information systems and it’s components

• Application system, database network

• Mapping of organization Structure

E-commerce, M-commerce

• Components
• Business process flow
• Risks
• Applicable regulatory
• Emerging technologies
• Risks

Core Banking System

• Components and architecture of CBS

• Core module of banking
• Reporting system and MIS
• Applicable regulatory
 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

Strategic Management

• Business policy
• Meaning and nature
• Business strategy
• Levels in organization

Dynamics of competitive strategy

• Competitive landscape
• Strategic analysis
• Core competencies
• SWOT analysis
• Globalization

Strategic Management Process

• Strategic planning
• Vision, mission and objective
• Strategy formulation

Corporate Level strategy

• Stability
• Growth
• Business combination
• Strategic alliance
• Combination

Business level strategy

• Competitive strategy
• Michael Porter’s generic strategies
• Best cost provider strategy

Functional level strategy

• Marketing strategy
• Financial strategy
 SEMESTER V
FINANCIAL REPORTING

Business combination and Corporate restructuring

• Merger
• Demerger
• Business combination as per Ind AS 103
• Elements of business
• Acquisition method
• Determination of purchase consideration

Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements

• IND AS 110
• Control evaluation
• Calculation of goodwill
• IND AS 111 joint arrangements
• IND AS 27 separate financial statements

Analysis of financial statements

• Financial Statements of corporate entities

• Characteristics of good financial statements
• Best practices for companies

Integrated reporting

• Capitals in integrated report

• Governance
• Business model
• Vision and mission

Corporate Social Responsibility

• Companies to perform CSR

• Calculation of CSR
• Activities under CSR schedule VII
• CSR expenditure in income tax scenario
 TAXATION-II

Basics Concepts

• Income tax
• Residential status
• Slab rates
• Surcharge
• Rebate

Assessment of companies

• Residential status of company

• POEM
• Tax rates
• Calculation of tax
• Book profit

Income tax Authorities

• Appointment and control (section 116 to 119A)

• Power of IT Authorities
• Assessment procedure
• Self assessment
• Inquiry before assessment

GST

• Import under GST

• Export under GST
• Refunds of tax
• Job work
• Assessment
• Types of assessment
 BANKING THEORY LAW AND PRACTICE

Bank

• Financial institutions deals with accepting deposit and lending loans

• Dealing in money
• Profit and service orientation
• Money transfer

Types of bank accounts

• Savings account
• Fixed deposit account
• Current account
• Recurring deposit account
• Non resident deposit account
• Partnership Account, club account, HUF account

Negotiable Instruments

• Promissory note
• Bill of exchange
• Cheque

Endorsement

• Liability
• Protection of paying banker
• Legal obligation
• Payment in due course

Negligence

• Duty of care
• Breach of duty of care
• Causation
 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

Human resource management

• Objectives
• Qualities of personnel manager
• HR policies
• Advantages

Human resource planning

• Long term planning

• Short term planning
• Job analysis
• Skills
• Job description
• Job specification

Recruitment and selection

• Types of recruitment
• Methods of recruitment and selection
• Selection
• Process of selection
• Induction
• Separation

Performance valuation

• Ranking
• Rating
• Critical
• Job enrichment
• Promotion

Rewards management

• Incentive
• Factors affecting reward management