SWEET MORINGA PASTILLAS DE LECHE

A Quantitative Research

In Practical Research 2

Presented to the

Senior High School Faculty

NEHS - Senior High School

Llanera Street Quezon District Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija 3100

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirements for the Academic Strand

Accountancy, Business, and Management

12 ABM D 2022-2023

FLORENDO, CHRISTALIN R.

PAGADUAN, MARIA JESSICA Y.

TOMAS, JENNIFER C.

CAUYAO, TRIXIE ANN KAYE A.

MANUEL, MARKY T.

DE ASIS, RICHMOND T.

November 2022
 CHAPTER 1

Problem and Its Setting

Introduction

Malunggay or Moringa Oleifera is a tropical tree and is categorized as the genus in the

family Moringaceae and it is commonly known as horseradish tree in Western world. This

miracle tree is known as fast-growing and drought-resistant tree which mostly grow in tropical

countries. Etymologically Malunggay is known as Moringa, ben-oil tree, clarifier tree or

drumstick tree in English, Malunggay in Philippines, La Mu in Chinese, Shevaga in Marathi and

Sajina in India. Its scientific name is Moringa Oleifera. This riched-nutrients tree is widely used

as ingredients in cooking for herbal medicine. It can grow to 9 meters high with the compound

leaf which has 4-9 leaflets while it has white trunks. This riched-vitamin tree also has white

fragrant flowers which produce long pods with 3-angled winged seeds.

Moringa leaves are small, green, oval-shaped leaves. The feathery leaflets can grow up to

two centimeters long and about 0.4 centimeters wide. Moringa leaves offer a slightly bitter flavor

with grass-like undertones, and can often have a horseradish-like heat. During the cooking

process, they release a distinct grassy smell. Malunggay leaves was once considered a "poor

man's vegetables" but now it is known as a "miracle tree" or "nature's medicine cabinet" by

scientists and health care workers from around the world because it is loaded with vitamins and

minerals that can be an effective remedy against many kinds of ailments. Malunggay leaves are

an excellent source of vitamin A and B, and minerals such as calcium and iron. It is even an

excellent source of protein, being higher than the amino acid pattern of Food and Agriculture

Organization-reference protein, yet contains very low fat and carbohydrates. The leaves are

incomparable as a source of the sulfurcontaining amino acids methionine and cystine, often the
natural minerals humans lack. Due to its high vitamins A, C, and E, which are very potent

antioxidants, malunggay is a very good quencher of unstable free radicals that can react with and

damage molecules that cause aging. Antioxidants reduces the appearance of wrinkles and fine

lines. They also prevent the onset of various chronic diseases like arthritis, cancer, and heart and

kidney diseases. Malunggay contains the phytochemical niaziminin, which is found to have

molecular components that can prevent the development of cancer cells (Faizi et al., 1992) and

correlated with inhibitory ability against superoxide generation. The first naturally-occuring

thiocarbamates, novel hypotensive agents niazinin A, niazinin B, niazimicin and niaziminin A

and B were isolated from malunggay, (Marero, 2004).

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) belongs to the family of Convolvulacea, it’s an important

root vegetable which is large, starchy and sweet tasting. The plant is a herbaceaous perennial

vine, bearing alternate heart-shaped or palmately-lobed leaves and medium sized sympetalous

flowers. The edible tuberous root is long and tapered with a smooth skin. It is valued for its slight

sweetness. Sweet potato has played an important role as an energy and phytochemical source in

human nutrition and animal feeding. The plant has significant medical importance and various

part of the plant are used in traditional medicine. The edible and sweet-tasting tuberous root is

long and tapered with a smooth skin of varying colors from red, purple, brown and white. The

flesh varies from white, orange, purple and yellow. Sweet potato is an extremely versatile and

delicious vegetable that possesses high nutritional value. It is also a valuable medicinal plant

having anti-cancer, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sweet potato is now

considered a valuable source of unique natural products, including some that can be used in the

development of medicines against various diseases and in making industrial products.

 With the idea above, the curiosity of the student researchers led them to the observation

that most of the people are now living in a fast food nation. Wherein 70% of diseases and

illnesses that killed millions of people are from the food they eat. Preventing diseases by slowly

consuming medicinal food will help lower the increasing numbers of people having migraines,

headaches blood pressure, cancerous tumors, diabetes and other ailments. It came to our interest

the possibility of making our home made Miracle Pastillas. The student researcher’s main

interest is to produce a healthy medicinal delicacy.

This research is conducted for the ABC Holdings. The said company is a firm that does

not produce its own goods or services. ABC Holdings is designed to own shares of other

companies. They own and control several subsidiary companies in different industries.

Statement of the Problem:

General Problem: This study is aimed to determine the feasibility of malunggay (Moringa

oleifera) to reduce the risk of diabetes.

1. How may the likely to recommend this product to other be described in terms of;

1.1 name,

1.2 age and

1.3 gender.

2. How may the taste of the product encourage the individual to include it on their

daily snacks?

3. How may the natural compound have to prevent different ailments?

Purpose of the Study

The primary purpose of this study was to develop a new product which is the sweet

moringa pastillas, to investigate if this moringa can be serve as total nutrient enhancer of

pastillas. The result of the study will attempt to determine if this can lead to a healthy and safe

sweet treats that the nutrient contents are truly essential for the development of the body, it also

seeks to determine on how this study of the development of sweet moringa pastillas can be

effective trend of opportunity for product innovation.

Research Questions:

This study is aimed to determine the feasibility of malunggay (Moringa oleifera) to

reduce the risk of diabetes.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following question:

1. What likely to recommend this product to other in terms of;

1.1 name,

1.2 age and

1.3 gender.

2. What natural compound have to prevent different ailments?

3. What taste of the product encourage the individual to include it on their daily snacks?

Limitations of the Study

This research study is limited only to the plant and part of the plant mentioned. It covers

Malunggay and sweet potato as the main ingredients of pastillas. It is focused on the selected
students of Nueva Ecija Senior High School Cabanatuan City this second semester of academic

year 2022-2023. The respondents of the study were composed of 10 randomly selected students.

Significance of the Study

The outcome of the study is beneficial to the following:

Entrepreneurs

This study may inspire them to create new medicinal products that can be locally and

globally competitive. It will also give them ideas on introducing new beneficial products to the

consumers.

Students

They can use this study as a reference for their future studies involving the expansion of

studies of medicines using moringa oleifera or other plants.

Consumers

The public as a whole will benefit from the result of investigation through new quality

products this study may offer at a reasonable price. It will also encourage them to buy products

from our very own Philippines.

Housewives

The idea of the study will inspire them to create snacks mixed with different fruits and

vegetable that can be enjoyed by their children while giving them health benefits.

Researchers
 The study can help the researchers for better understanding and learning about the

importance of Moringa Oleifera. The future researchers may work further to make use of this

study as a reference material.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined in the study:

Chemical compound- chemical substance composed of many identical molecules composed of

atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.

Malunggay- a botanic plant that has numerous benefits and uses. It is also known by few of its

ability to purify water by drying and pounding up its seeds.

Medicinal- It is a substance that has healing properties. It defines the ability of a compound that

can heal.

Natural compound- is a product or substance produced by a living organism that is found in

nature.

Product- is the substance that is manufactured or refined for sale. It is the subject in the study.

Remedy- is the treatment for a disease or injury. It pertains to the ability of the product as a

medicinal substance.

Shelf Life- It is the length of time for which an item remains usable, fit for consumption or

saleable.

Sweet Potato- an edible tropical tuber with pinkish orange, slightly sweet flesh.
Review of the Literature

This chapter presents related literatures that provide a conceptual preference in which this

study was premised. It includes different statements held by different professionals supporting

the research study.

Related Literature

MALUNGGAY (MORINGA OLEIFERA)

Tacio (2007) stated that the once lowly “malunggay” stages a comeback and is now being

touted as the “next big thing” in Philippine agriculture. It is related in the present study, about

how malunggay leaves are excellent source of vitamins A, B, C, D, E, amino acids, cystiene and

minerals such as calcium, phosphorous, iron and magnesium as a nutrient enhancer, antioxidant

and anti-inflammatory.

Kaneto (2007) cited that glucotoxicity arises from excessive uptake of glucose by islet β

cells. The excess sugar drives glycation reactions and the mitochondrial electron transport chain,

producing macromolecule-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS), at levels beyond the

antioxidation capacity of the cell. The ensuing oxidative stress impairs insulin synthesis and

secretion, and initiates a cascade of cellular events that ultimately lead to apoptosis in his article

“Therapeutic Potential of Moringa Oleifera Leaves” which is similar to the present study because

they both deals with the anti-diabetes compound of malunggay.

According to goodguuy.hubpages (2013), the Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) is one of the

most nutritious trees in the world. The Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) can supply almost all the

nutritional needs of a human being. It provides cures to many illnesses, but not limited to
diabetes and heart problems. The tree is packed with many nutrients that is used to combat

malnutrition in third world countries. It can easily survive in harsh climate or weather and poor

soil condition. Some places even grow Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) trees to form garden

fences.

Lukecarl (2011), stated that malunggay, before, was termed as the poorman’s vegetable.

But now that evidences show that malunggay is now the nature’s medicine cabinet because of

the medicinal benefits that it gives. Malunggay is now considered as one of the world’s healthiest

vegetable. The tree itself is low maintenance, meaning, it requires little care. Some of it parts are

turned into ingredients to make food, medicine and cosmetic products. Malunggay (Moringa

oleifera) leaves are good for relieving headaches, bleeding, diarrhea, skin fungal and

malnutrition. But it is more effective on lowering blood pressure and stabilizing sugar levels.

As stated on biotechforlife (2012), Malunggay trees are grown and used as a living fence.

The malunggay leaves are used as an ingredient in cooking, medicine, pesticide, cleaning agent

and animal feeds. They found that malunggay is rich in vitamin A or beta-carotene, vitamin C

which is for the immune system, calcium which is good for strengthening bones and teeth,

potassium which regulates human organ activities and Iron which regulates the blood. It contains

essential amino acids. It also helps to balance out cholesterol and glucose levels. Because of

many uses of the different parts of Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) tree it has been called as “The

Miracle Tree”.

The literatures above are related to this study in the sense that they also tackle about the

medicinal properties of malunggay (Moringa oleifera).

SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS)

 According to Littleton (2017), the sweet potato, also known as the Ipomoea batatas, not

only contains many nutrients, but it is also packed with medicinal benefits. Scientist has

determined that sweet potato contain antiinflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer properties.

Most sweet potaoes are orange in color, but there are others that come in purple, yellow, white,

pink and red. Sweet potatoes contain essential fibres and magnesium that are critical in the

prevention and management of diabetes. The vegetable also has a moderately low glycemic

index that also have a moderately low glycemic index that also aids in the regulation of blood

glucose levels.

SPASA SUPER-FOOD (2015), cited that in region of Kagawa, Japan, a variety of sweet

potato were added to their food to treat anemia, hypertension and diabetes. Despite its “sweet”

name, it is beneficial for diabetes according to some studies, since it helps in stabilizing blood

sugar levels and lowers insulin resistance. The extract of sweet potato called caipao (WSSP)

reduces insulin resistance, when administered in appropriate dose. The anti-diabetic activity of

(WSSP) vs. troglitazone was examined in rats for 8 weeks.

Bjarnadottir (2015), stated that The sweet potato is an underground tuber. It grows on the

roots of a plant known scientifically as Ipomoea batatas. It is rich in an antioxidant called beta-

carotene, which is very effective at raising blood levels of vitamin A, particularly in children.

Sweet potatoes are nutritious, high in fibre, very filling and have a delicious sweet taste.They can

be consumed in a variety of ways, but are most commonly boiled, baked, steamed or fried.

Imbalance in blood sugar levels and insulin secretion are the main characteristics of diabetes. A

certain type of sweet potato, with white skin and flesh (Caiapo), has been suggested to improve

diabetic symptoms in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Caiapo sweet potato may decrease

fasting blood glucose and LDL-cholesterol levels, as well as increase insulin sensitivity.
 Schoffro (2013), cited that Sweet potatoes contain iron and support a healthy immune

system. Most people are aware that we need the mineral iron to have adequate energy, but iron

plays other important roles in our body, including red and white blood cell production, resistance

to stress, proper immune functioning, and the metabolizing of protein, among other things. Sweet

potatoes are naturally sweet-tasting but their natural sugars are slowly released into the

bloodstream, helping to ensure a balanced and regular source of energy, without the blood sugar

spikes linked to fatigue and weight gain.

According to Jessie Szalay (2014), although they’re soft and creamy enough to put in pies

and called dessert, sweet potatoes are also a surprisingly nutritious vegetable. They are a great

source of B6 vitamins, which is brilliant at breaking down homocysteine, a substance that

contribute to the hardening of blood vessels and arteries. Its potassium content is also helpful for

your heart, as it lowers blood pressure by maintaining fluid balance. Sweet potatoes have a low

glycemic index which means they release sugar slowly into the bloodstream. Unlike other

starchy foods that elevate blood sugar rapidly after they are consumed due to metabolism into

sugar will help steady the levels of blood sugar. This means you won’t get blood-sugar spikes,

but you will get a steady amount of energy. This regulation occurs even in people with type II

diabetes.

The above statements were similar to the study because it also proves and shows the medicinal

properties of Ipomoea batatas.

Tacio (2007)

https://htacio.wordpress.com/2007/10/07/malunggay-is-the-next-big-thing-in-agriculture/

Kaneto (2007)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3290775/

Goodguuy.hubpages (2013)

https://studymoose.com/malunggay-moringga-oleifera-as-an-effective-substitute-for-cooking-

oil-essay

Lukecarl (2011)

https://studymoose.com/malunggay-moringga-oleifera-as-an-effective-substitute-for-cooking-

oil-essay

Biotechforlife (2012)

https://studymoose.com/malunggay-moringga-oleifera-as-an-effective-substitute-for-cooking-

oil-essay

(Littleton (2017)

(http://littletoncare.com/15-health-benefits-of-sweet-potatoes-according-toscience/)

(SPASA SUPER-FOOD (2015),

(http://www.ijrap.net/admin/php/uploads/1391_pdf.pdf)
Bjarnadottir (2015) (https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods/sweetpotatoes#section7)

Schoffro (2013),(https://www.care2.com/greenliving/9-reasons-to-love-sweetpotatoes.html)

(Jessie Szalay) (2014),( https://www.livescience.com/46016-sweet-potatonutrition.html)