Question: - Explain the mechanism of power steering? Answer: - The mechanism of power steering is of two types. 1.

Ackermann steering mechanism 2. Davis steering mechanism

i.

Ackermann steering mechanism: - Wheels are mounted on the steel axle which have three end points at A and D. The arm AB and DC are integeral of the steel axle. The arm AB and DC are connected with the Tie rod BC with the help of ball joint. This steering system works on Ackermann's steering principal. According to the principal when the arm AB and DC are extended to meet on the differential or near to the differential. When the vehicle is taking turns towards left. During the turning the point B comes on B' position and C comes on C' position. When steel axle line extended it meet on the point O on the rod axle line. I t obeys the principal of steering. Ackermann principal mostly used in all the vehicles. a) it is simple b) Friction is less due to the ball joint.

ii.

Davis steering mechanism: - Steel axle is integrated with arm AB and DC. There are sliders a point B and C which can slide in their guides. The tie rod BC can slide on two guides G1 and G2. These types of mechanism are rarely used in now days because it has sliding pairs which result in high friction and used. Also it is not correct for steering angle.

Question: - Explain different types of steering gears with diagram? Answer: - The purpose of steering gear is to convert the turning motion of the steering wheel into to and fro motion of the line rod. There are different types of steering gears which are as follows: 1. Worm and Worm wheel steering gear: - It consists of worm at the end of steering wheel. Worm has number of teeth on its outer surface. The teeth of worm are meshed with the worm wheel sector on which the drop arm is mounted. The turning motion of the steering turns the worms which in turns drive the worm wheel sector. The rotatory motion of the steering wheels sector. The rotatory

motion of the steering wheel provides the lived motion to the drop arm.

2. Worm and nut steering gear: - It consists of worm at the end of steering wheel. The nut is mounted on the worm. Worm has number of teeth on its outer surface; the teeth of the worm are mesh with the inner teeth of the nut on which the drop arm is mounted. When we turn the steering wheel it turns the worm which in turns moves the nut along its length. The rotatory motion of the steering wheel provides linear motion to the drop arm.

3. Recirculating ball type steering gear: - it consists of worm at the end of the steering wheel and the nut is mounted on the worm which have two set of recirculating ball in the grooves of the worm in between worm and nut. Recirculating ball reduces the friction during the movement of nut on the worm. The nut has number of teeth on its outer surface. The teeth of nuts are mesh the teeth of worm wheel sector on which the drop arm is mounted.

4. Rack and pinion steering gear: - it consists of steering rod at the end of the steering wheel. At the end of the steering rod pinion is mounted. Pinion has a number of teeth on its face. The teeth of the pinion mesh with outer teeth of the rack on which drop arm is mounted.

When we rotate the steering wheel it dates the steering rod which rotates the pinion. The rotatory motion of the steering provides linear motion to the rod on which is mounted. drop arm

Question: - Explain the different terms used in the wheel alignment? Answer: - It is the positioning of the wheel to achieve a. Directional stability where the vehicle is going straight. b. To provide perfect rolling conditions. c. Recovery after tabe turn. If the front wheel are pointing inwards than the result is called toe-in and when the front wheel are pointing outward than the result is called toeout.

1. Effects of toe-in and toe-out: a) Heavy steering b) More fuel consumption c) Excessive tyre wear.

d) Poor directional stability when the vehicle is going straight. e) Poor gripping of wheel with road. Purpose: 1. To provide directional stability. 2. To minimize tyre wear.

3. To provide perfect steering condition.

Question: - Draw steering linkage for rigid axle suspension? Answer: -

Question: - Explain different advanced steering systems?