NAYL=1 A~\20 \ilahien of Nen-Uneare equations 42 ME IN clineart equations Ae Mhe aim of thiy Lecturte is bo AWcusdA the mort Useful metho or Finding the roots equation haying numerci¢al Coefficients. Polynom- jah equakernn of degree <(4) Can be solved by standard algebrraic methods, But no gener- al Method exits for finding the roots of the equations of the tyre Alogx + ax=c op HS Ltanx =4 ete im Pes of their coesfia~ ents, Yhese equations are called transcen dental esuiatiory . Yhernefone, we take helb of “umercical methods ts Solve such AYbe of Suatiens. em JCAL Saye 9 et aa ae NUSUA FinchaT, Any number ere cenich 4(4)=2 46 called a root of Me equation 49 =O. Also, & bs eae a zen of function §¢30). A zero ¢ ts calle of mulkiblicty Pk 4 we can corcike $020 = Ge8)"3Go, Where gcoo ix bounded at § and 3%) #0. 1f P=L then § 4 Aaic to be simple Zerte and Y Prd then § is eAled a muliple zero. V We shall discuss bisection method. Reguia Falsi Method, Newton- Rabhson method te Solve. Vv Nen-Uneare equations. we qaPZ F( Woe Aunt beé a = isection Method. ( Bolzano Method) — Algorcithm +e solve (FGo=0]by using bisection metrod— \exbuk An algebraic or Transcendental wari a . outputs Rook Cs) of the |equiation Loo ‘Sees: Choose lower x, and UPPet Hy Buses for the Pook Such thak the function §Cx) Changer Sign over the interval. Shis can be checked by ensuring thak £ Ce.) § tu) SteP22 AN estimate of the Pook %—s determined by Qe r 3) Make the falleing ee i Wich Subinereval the root er: COTE $C) § er) <2 the Poot Lies mm the lower Sub ingercval, Yherefove , set o_o teekurn to ster 2. DIS $a) $ Gy) ro, the root Les im the wbhen Subintercval. Aheretone set i pnd return to stepa. a TE 4 4) Gp) =O, the root eruals fre Pe) ce eee erp utoti mA nate +he Cc : ion Sin)oo a § Ou) >o Stee ar s nm Wso0 ot Se ta, K aru ku $14) > 0=: leat Find @ reat root of the eruaton Set sed =O Using bisechon method. Solution: ye $e =P xe then we observe thot fq) ae SOSA Yhus a real root of F C=0 Ler between a and 4. Shereture we teke =, =Stleos, then _§(o-5) = Coss COS) —1 = O25 4025-14 =— 9: 2S “Chis shows that the oot Les between 0-5 andi - ome d And we set =F OFS shen LOB) = Co-F 5) O75) 1 2 0-Goia7s+0-56AS-1 =-0: 5625 Hence the poot lies between OF5 anti. Shus CFT tL Od Hq = tt =o. 87s And then § xs) = 0.66999 40-5625—-4 = 0123242 Tt Sallowrs that the pook Ues loetween 0-75 and 0-875, We take y= Fst esis = 2'8125) and then § ea) = 0 5363840:-66015—4 = 0119653 Sheretere, the Poot Lied between 0-75 and. eal ior oo) (pe eee ic ie y= ES 0784 hich Yields $ (4) = Co-Fei)> bo-784) 086 Whus the poot ter betuse aire cna oFaD Preoceeding im this way the nex TEX mabions Shall be ao = ORES, Hy = ISIS, X, 20-7533 Xg= 0:F55¢, Xez=o0: eae Aig FSSA And So on.4 Examblest End a rook of the equakion 7 3x-5=0 by bisection method - Sokukion: Lek $ Od =x% 3xX-S, then we csbsercve that $(2)=-3 and — D=l3, Yhus a Pook of the Given equaton Ues bekseen 2 and 3. then oe Sth sas and $5) =@5)23 @5)-s=3105 Ghus, the poot Ver between 2.0 ant 2-5. Shen — 2425 _ 2. el eee as he note that $ C2.95)=~— 0°359375 Mheretme, tre root Uer between 2.25 and 2:5. Shen we take, vey = RASHES 2:37 5 and obsacve Mat $ (2.375) = 12715. Wence the rovk Lies belween DIS and 2:375, Yhene§ore, we take. Q-25 . > = SZ HOBIE _ a.asas Now £(2:3125) = 0.4229, Hence the rook Lies between RIT AanA Q.3125. We take Fey = ARS HABITS = 2.98195 2 Now $(2:28125)=0:0294 We obrercve that the rogt lied Vercy nearcis Ri2BIL5>, Lek Ustry 2.280. dhen $Q-280)= 00124 Dhue the poot KW 2-280 Approximately. LowJ ~eowkon eres method $C = fle) 4H (an) r2 Fy T§ the derivative of a Function § Can be easily founc And. YU ib 4 a Simple _e= Pression. then the real Poot Of the equaton[S GO=olean be Computed reabidly by Newton-Raphson method: 7 eam 4 ee LekGQtenote the apprrorcimate Seti of the eee eee Pook ana tet) be the Correction conich must be applied to =, te give the exact value of the root X. Shus Ge Sse) and. so the equaton $C =0 Recuces to [f Cooth) =) Expanding by Taylors theorem, we _ have § (oh) = JS eth F ‘xe Vocecik- Hence 5 yan hey wen 0K) 20 Ef h bs relatively small, we may neglect the term Containing HW and have (2 ee) § Ae) + h $C.) = 0 = _ £O%)_ = 5%) a 7%) = % , PGE A ss and. the Wmbicovecl. value. off Root be kere) Ky = Meth = 2, — tay x ty Sor) S%) (Cu Tf we Use se as the OPPrextimate value, tren th Nest APPratimation te the poat is § Gq) 1h Vig 7G, He = se — Fe m1 In genereal, the © abpracimation 6ee Formula C4) ib Called Newton-Raphsen methed. Shits metnad Showa not be Weed Ohen the graPh of § iw nearly horeizental Where Ub Cros eA the x-axks, Furcther the method fails 4 $x) =0 in the neighbourhood Of the. Pook. AU nyse 4 Exomblei: Fina the smallest Posimve Pook of A sx by Newton- RabPhAsoN Method. v Solurions 7 Solumon; We observe thodk + ee A Poot between -2 \ and. = 37a Pook behwesn Janae hna a (Smallest) 2 ekween Gand fF. We have $ ca) = Pn ee +3 e $C) = ase 5s US Taking, we have from ~ S Gen) Ana = En Fe) 5G laze 7 EQ 2g = x, — $0. ao ee oe Sa) aes aa 5S) - 9.647 Ou0222 ooo0 #572? — My = OCTCS— oe 0:6566 ZZ st 66 We observe tnat Me Convergence iw vercy Rabid through 2, Was nok vercy near to the rock - Since y= 2%, the Newton— RabPhson formula Gives no new ma of PC And the abpracimate rook ty Correct ‘2 cteuc Aecimas,\ Examble-22 Find the teat Pook of the eswation 244 sinx =O Compect to Source blaces of decimals by Using Newton- Raphson method. Solution: since the Lerem 27 ig Positive for all real Valuers of 2, So U & obvious that the equation will be Sakisfies. oly by @ negahve value of >. By the graph We observe that an alProxtimate Value. of the Pook bb —1'9 - Herre $65) = 2G 4AIN, 2S) ROD R4 AOD We have. Peng en Ey so. 2 > Eng) = PCy er psad » N=OL2---@ TU 252 -4:9, the relation (1) gives oo 24 A Sine, te G9) S 4sine rs) 2Xot 4 CsA 2019) +465 C19) = aig — 2617378 14.93 3:'g-—1°293 She Second approximation v = 2a 4 sino, =-193- Soe ee 27 2244 4GAx, 2 (1-93) +463 61-95) =-193— 219% = 93-0. oe oe BPC 1:93-—0-0038 8 Hence the value of the root b —-1'9338,P-3 Example3: By Wing Newton—-Raehron method final the Pook of xix-10=0, hich is nearer to = 2, Correct fo three places of dezimals Solution: Here §G)= xl x10, 0.9 @ = 4x1 : _ S I 4 + ny = a Cn) = 3c, — Ann lo =2%nt40 4 Kn) 4x4 Axent She approximate. Value of the root Ws given to be o Taking 2, =2, we set Ai = S2l+10 _ 3: 21410 Axed APD 4 4 me a +10 _ sreri+ ~4.g5¢ — ere ~4xe 1 AG S754 4 oey = BE Suse) tle 4.856 aot AGRA Since 2, =, , 50 the requires Praok. L856.