ara) € Gravitation Kepler’s Laws First Law : Law of Orbit :- All Planets moves ina elliptical orbit with the sun at a focus. Second Law: Law of Equal Areas :- The radius vector from the sun to the planet sweeps equal area in equal time. implies aerial velocity remain constant 5 -—K L is angular momentum about sun Third Law :- The square of the time period of a planet is propotional to the cube of the semimajor axis of ellipse. Let a and b is semi-major and semi-minor axis of ellipse , then 7? = 4n?ma®l «4x? ml =“ = T? «a> Or (Time Period )2 cx (semi-major axis )3 is Constant (Newton's Law of Gravitation) =GMe — Where Me is Mass of Earth Re Where R, is Radius of Earth Variation in value of ‘g’ ifone goes a distnace h above the surface of earth --------23 st a Hebb = Cara) € Gravitation Variation in value of ‘g’ ifone goes a distnace h above the surface of earth --2---03 = ifh<< R, then> g'=g(1-2h/R) ifone goes a distnace h inside the earth. oe a a) ros P pe GM. r? Case II: Pis inside the shell ef E= 0. ‘\e« & ‘ 12 (graph Evsr) ' == (E) Gravitational Field due to a Uniform Solid Sphere Case I : Field at an external point = E = GM Case II : Q Field at an internal point gy =. GM graphical variation of field with the distance from centre. GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL (A) Potential due to a Point Mass eebrit CoT Pa € Gravitation GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL (A) Potential due to a Point Mass y--GM, N r a t (B) Potential due to a Uniform Ring at a Point on its Axis y--GM.- z (©) Potential due to a Uniform Thin Spherical Shell P, - ou 1a outside shel!) P outside shell graphical variation of potential with the distance Oo from centre. < -GM/a}--. * Potential at any point inside shell is same as potential at its surface (D) Potential due to a Uniform Solid Sphere P (inside) GM rea = P (outside) - GM (8a?-1r?) rea 208 Solid sphere +, At the centre of the sphere V = - scm Veentre Veurface Veentre = 2. Vsurface hebbin CaT Ps € Gravitation At the centre of the sphere y = - 3¢M 2a Veentre Vsurtace Veentre = 2 Vsurface " r Graph Vvsr Potential Energy of a particle placed of mass m_ placed at adistance r_from the center of Earth. i { B At the surface of earth i GM,m U=- W=-—# Re R L O Earth [ Energy of Satellite ] If a Satellite of mass mis orbit near the surface of earth with speed Ug at circular orbit of radius R, , then :- GM, Kinetic Energy of satellite K = i mv? = em ° 2k, Potential Energy of satellite 7 = — GMem Re Total Energy E=U+K = oem , Mer ROR EscapeVelocity y, = é fs] ot e = @ eR.) Hence escape velocity ‘oes not depends on mass mand angle of projection hebbie CaT Ps € Gravitation Graph Vvsr Potential Energy of a particle placed of mass m_ placed at adistance r_from the center of Earth. i { B At the surface of earth I =- w=-GMem R ic O Earth [ Energy of Satellite ] If a Satellite of mass mis orbit near the surface of earth with speed Ug at circular orbit of radius R, , then:- 1 GM,m Kinetic E! f satellite == 2 = inetic Energy of satellite K gms 2k. Potential Energy of satellite 7 = — GMem Re GM.m 4 OMem _ 1GM.m 1 “Total E = = soe otal Energy B=U+K ROR, 2 R, EscapeVelocity y, = é ius] “GM, = gR? e = y@ eRe) Hence escape velocity ‘oes not depends on mass mand angle of projection <> CN = WO ENDC1O > ~_9 hebbie = CaT Ps € Rotational Motion ( Rotational Motion of a Rigid Body } (Moment of a Force or Torque) F >> > T= 1xXF |r| |F | sin ® Cc) Se SS (Angular Acceleration) @ = 2 = 01 _ Ao t At Relation between linear and angular acceleration a a=% , or a Relation between Torque and angular acceleration. t=la (Moment of Inertia) Moment of Inertia of a Continous mass distribution T=mr? + more? + mars? +.... (Radius of Gyration) Momentof Inertia J =MK? Radius of Gyration K = (Equations of Rotational Motion) (i) w=w9 +at; @ isangular acceleration (i) O=aot tyes Wo isinitial angular velocity © © MX TakaTak Short Video. oS. 42 FREE DOWNLOAD = Co aara) € Rotational Motion (Equations of Rotational Motion) (@) w= tat; @ isangular acceleration (i) 0 =wot+=at?; Wp isinitial angular velocity Gi) @? =w9? + 208 Kinetic Energy of a Rotating body I is the Moment of Inertia about the Axis of Rotation KINETIC ENERGY OF A BODY IN COMBINED ROTATION AND TRANSLATION K=3 end +5 Me In the case of pure rolling, vy = Ro 90 K=2Uo_+MR Yo" (Angular Momentum) L=l Relationship between torque and angular momentum IN COMBINED TRANSLATION AND ROTATION > > 3 3 L= Len+Mrox vo Angular impulse = change in angular momentum @ Mx TakaTek Short Video... DOWNLOAD Se ees C aara) € Rotational Motion ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF A BODY IN COMBINED TRANSLATION AND ROTATION > > L= Lin t M 4 x ve Angular impulse = change in angular momentum > > 3 L=Llj,-l, = frdt (Conservation of Angular Momentum) if external torque 7 =0 then = =0Q OR dL=0 This is Law of Conservation of angular momentum work done by torque in rotation a body from 9, to 62 Moment of Inertia (Theorem of Parallel Axes) I= Iq, + Ma” Perpendicular Axes Theorem @ Mx TakaTek Short Video... DOWNLOAD Se ees C aPare € Rotational Motion {Thin Rod) about the axis Perpendicular Moment of Inertia of Some Regular Shape Bodies Axis of Rotation Moment of Inertia to the Rod and passing yeMe through its Center of Mass —— 12 (Thin Rod) Me about the axis passing I from end — 1 — 3 (Rectangular Plate) about the axis Perpendicular to the plane of plate and passing through its Center of Mass (Ring) about the axls Perpendicular to the plane of ring and passing through its Center of Mass {Circular Disc) about the axis Perpendicular to the plane and passing through its Center of Mass (Solid Cylinder} about geomtrical axis of Cylinder {Hollow Cylinder } a ° a about geomticalaxis of | 2 Cylinder 2 y { Solid Cylindrical Rod) Perpendicular to length and passing through its, center of mass ( Spherical Shell ) about a Diameter MX TakaTak Short Video... © NAF 2a FREE x wee = -— Vi rou] SS (Solid Sphere) about a Diameter Na o [pd_ ri] DOWNLOAD aara) € Rotational Motion Perpendicular to length and passing through its, center of mass (Solid Sphere) about a Diameter (Spherical Shell ) about a Diameter {Hollow Sphere ) about a Diameter 5 [RB RP Where Ryand Roisin ternal and outer radius Comaparison between linear and rotational motion Formulas Translational Motion Rotational Motion Displacement =s Angular displacement = @ Velocity =v Angular velocity =o Acceleration =a Angular Acc. =o Inertial mass =m Moment of inertia =I Force =F Torque =T Momentum = my Angularmomentum =Iw Power =F.V__ | Rotational Power =Tw KE. = Em? rotational KE. = P, Angularimpulse = {tat = <> CN = WO ENDC1O > ~_9 © MX TakaTak Short Video... 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