In 1960;Douglas McGregor, a US psychologist, argued that managers hold one of the two theories

about the people they have to deal with. Theory x is based on a fairly negative view of human nature.
It says that people are essentially lazy and uncomfortable with the idea of having too much
responsibility for anything. They only turn up to work for the pay. Employees have to be managed in
a strict way, otherwise nothing will get done.

Theory Y, on the other hand, suggests people may be capable of something more positive –that they
will seek out responsibility and try to get better at their jobs, from which they can get significant
personal satisfaction. Theory Y managers have high expectation of their people. They are also much
more likely to develop a truly motivated workforce.

Reading comprehension: Read the text then answer the question

1. Which theory looks to persons in a bad way?

2. Does theory Y see that people dislike work and will do anything to avoid it?
3. Which theory may lead to an authoritarian manager?
4. What do the underlined words in the text refer to ?
5. Pickup from the text a sentence in the passive voice
6. Give a title to the text
Language review:
1. complete the following table

Verb Noun Adjective

manage ………………………… …………………………..
…………………….. satisfaction ………………………..
……………………… ………………………… motivated
develop ……………………… …………………………..
2. Match the verbs to the prepositions and phrases.
A good manager should:
1. Listen a- in their employees’ abilities.
2. Deal b- with colleagues clearly.
3. Believe c-with problems quickly.
4. Communicate d- in regular training courses for employees.
5. Invest e- to all suggestions from staff (workers )

3. Choose the best word(s) to complete each sentence