YOUUBLD study For civil Services D studyforcivitservices.com “ial @studyforcivilservices Science — Most Important Listing Physics, Chemistry, Biology Quick Revision Notes a BT Tetegram ae ree are ee BT | Install we @studyrorcivlservices Sot CALL - 8564880530, 9696066089 =JUPSG) -JBPSC) -YUPPS@ -JUPSSS@ -)EPFO), (SY Prelims/ Mains/ Optional/ i) Answer Writing Evaluation/ Test § @ studyforcivitservices WF studyforcivils SB %s6066089, assza80s30 (7e38602618 study torciservces | GP" stldyforcivtservicescom © sweytoreiviservces study fori services, DY FOR L SERVICES - G For More Information Visit Our Website - www.studyforcivilservices.com Information For Paid Group Call - 8564880530, 9696066089 MT SSYOULL stay ror civil services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices ‘The derived units of physical quantities are the following - Physical Formula] Derived Units Quantity Area Length.Breadth | M? (or m square) Volume | Length Width eight [mmm = m* Density [Mass/Volume—[Ke/m!=Kg Velocity | Displacement/Time [m/s = ms" ‘taken Acceleration Change in Bee mys* Velocty/Time taken | * Force ‘Mass x Acceleration | Kgx=(Kg-m s”) or Newton, Work meray | _ Force x | Newton x meter (is called Joule Displacement Power Work done/Time oule-Second™ taken Pressure Force/Area Newton/m? (Pascal) Heat Foule Resistance | Voltageapplied [Ohm current generated Impulse | Force applied x Time | Newton xSecond interval Momentum Mass x Velocity | Kg x m/s. [Speed | Distance / Time Meter/Second Fundamental physical Unit ‘Symbol quantity Teng Metre W Mass Telogram Ke Time Hlectrie current “Ampere x Thermo dynamic eelvin K Temperature ‘Amount of substance mole ‘mol Taminous intensity Candela cd ‘Two Supplementary Units- Physical Fundamental | Symbol Quantity Units Plane Angles Radian rad Solid Angles SteradianYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivilservices ‘Units of Distance or Length - Tim 7000 m Tile 1.60934 kn or 16 km (approx) Nautical alle 1852 km 1 astronomical unit (the distance between the ‘Sun and Earth is called "astronomical unit") 1.495x10" metre 1 light year (alight year is the distance traveled by light in a year in vacuum) 9.46x10% m distance) 1 parsec (this is the largest unit to measure 3.08x10% m = 8.26 light year Smallest unit of distance: Tom 107m Tm 107m Trnieron tu) TO em= 105m Tam 107 em=107 m Tangstrom: 10% em= 10m Term 10 em = 10% m Units of Time Tminute 60 second Thour 60 m = 3600 second day 24 hours Tweek Tdays lunar month 4 weeks = 28 days ‘solar month 30 or 31 days (febuary 28 or 29 days) year 1B lunar month 1 day ‘leap year 366 days Units of Area T Acre 4840 square yard = 43560 square foot 4046.94 square metre 1 Hectare 25 acre 1 Square Km 100 hectare 1 Square mile 26 square km | ones Ee 1 pound 16 ounce the 2.208 pound = 1000 gram 1 quintal 100 kg 1 Metric ton 1000 ke, Units of volumeYOUUMLD study For civil Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “Ball @studyforcivilservices Titre O00 cubic cm = 0.2642 gallon T gallon 3785 Titre + Earlier oll content was measured in barrels, now itis measured in cubie meters. Tarrel = 158.9873 litre Tbarrel = 0.158987 cubic litre 1 barrel 2 US gallon Lbarrel___ = 34.9723 UK gallon Tmicron = 10% metre Tmanometre = 107 metre TAngstrom = 10 metre fermimetre = 10 metre = _ The smaller units of measuring mass are Miligram, Microgram, Pikogram and Femtogram. 1 Picogram = 10°” gram 1 Milligram = 103 gram 11 Microgram = 10 gram 1 Nanogram = 10% gram 1 Femtogram = 10° pram = The force exerted on the unit area of a plane surface is called pressure, Pressure isa scalar quantity. The unit of pressure is Newton / m? which is called Pascal 1 pascal = 1 Newton / m? ‘> Non-ST unit of atmospheric pressure is bar, which is equivalent to 10 Newton / m= Itis defined by Pascal as the Slunit, 1 bar = 105 pascal ‘Symbols for Various Powers of 10 - Powers of10_| Name ‘Symbols io Dect a 107 Conti @ 1 Ey m 107 Micro i 107 Nano a 17 Pico P To Fermi/remto [fF ca Ato a 10 Deca a 107 ecto t 107 Tilo k 108 Mega uw 177 Giga @ 107 Tera 7YOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices To Peta Tor Ba ‘Area ME Volume ME Density g/m? Blectrie charge Coloumb Capacitance Faraday Sound intensity Decibel Frequency Hertz Wavelength Angstrom (SL unit Meter) Sea depth Fathom ‘Temperature Kelvin Heat Joule Specific Heat Joule/Kg- K Electric Current Ampere ‘Commercial unit oF Kilowatthour electrical energy lectrical Resistance ‘Ohm Latent heat Joule/K ‘Magnetic field ‘Gauss Light fu. Lumen Supersonic speed ‘Mach Power of ens Diopter Impulse Newton-second Surface Tension Newton/meter Potential dfference/Volkage Volt ‘Moment of inertia Ken? ‘Astronomical distance Light year, Viscosity ‘Newton second/a® Magnetic ux density Tesla lectric field intensity Newton/Coloumb Light intensity Candela Gravitational acceleration m/s* ‘Atmospheric pressure Bar ‘Magnetic field intensity Tesla ‘magnetic field strength Gauss(non Slunit) lane angle Radian Solid angle Steradian ‘Angular velocity Radian/second Velocity(Vector) m/s, Speed (Scalar) m/s. Force ‘Newton ‘Acceleration m/s? Pressure Pascal Work Newton metre oF Joule Energy Joule Power Joule/s or wattYOUUMLD study For civil Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices ‘Change of units from one method to another- inch 254m ‘foot 030m yard 091 m Tmile 1.60 km 1 fathom 18m 1 Chain 20.11m ‘nautical mile |7.85 ke ‘Langstrom 10? m Square inch 6.45 square cm Square foot (0.09 square metre ‘yard (0.83 square metre ‘Acre 410* square metre Square mile 2.58 square km cubicinches | 16.38 cubicem Cubic foot 0.028 cubic metre Cubic yard 0.76 cubic metre ‘litre “1000 cubic em Tpint 0.56 litre grain 64.8 mg dram 177 gram Lounce 28 gram ‘Lpound 0.45 ke ‘dyne 107 Newton ‘Lpoundal (0.13 Newton Large 107 joule ‘Thorse power | 746 watt ‘Lnautical mile | 6080 feet 1 fathom 6 feet Tile 8 farlang ‘Imile 5280 feet foot 32 inch yard 3 feet 37°C 98.65 F 50°C 22°F -40.c 40° F 32°F oc Devices/Equipments Use. Phonograph ‘The equipment through which mechanical recording and sound reproduction take place. Photometer ‘The device through which the illumination and intensity af two light sources are compared. Photo telegraphic ‘The equipment through which any photograph is brought from one place to another. Pyrometer ‘The device used to measure extremely high temperature (temperature ofthe sun, star) Periscope The device used for those objects which are beyond the purview of looking range but through it objects are made easily to be seen. Phonometer “The device used to examine the force of human voice in speaking. Pipette ‘The thin tube shaped equipment which measures the fixed volume of liquids. Parachute “The equipment used to fall on the earth's surface from higher altitudes from aircrafts during emergencyYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Polygraph ‘The device through which the truth ofa human being is examined. Planimeter. ‘The device used to measure the area of an arbitrary two dimensional shape. ‘Quadrant The device used to measure the altitudes and angles in navigation and astronomical Radiometer ‘The device used to measure The thermal radiations. Safety lamp The device used in mines to avoid mines related mishaps. Sextant The device used to measure altitudes in navigation and surveying. ‘Stroboscope ‘The device with which the speed of a body is measured which executer the periodic motion. ‘Submarine ‘The equipment (water ship) which detects marine activities inside the ocean or sea Stethoscope ‘The device through which human heart beats are measured. |Sphygmomanometer The device used to measure the blood pressure of the human body. Sacchrometer. "The device used to measure the concentration of sugar. [Speedometer The device used to measure the speed of motor vehicles ‘Screw Gauge ‘The device used to measure the diameters of thin wires. ‘Stop-watch The device used to record true and accurate time. ‘Seismograph. "The device used to measure the intensity ofthe earthquake, ‘Stethoscope The device used to listen to the vibrations of the heart and lungs. ‘Spectroscope "The device used to analyse the spectrum, ‘Stereoscope “The device used to sketch two dimensional photographs. ‘Spherometer The device used to measure the curvature. | Sphygmophone ‘The device used to listen the fast pulse vibrations. ‘Tachometer ‘The device used to measure the speed of the aircraft ‘Transformer The device used to regulate (high or low) AC voltage. Telemeter The device used to record or measure the distant event and relay the data toa receiver, Tele printer ‘The device used for receiving telegraphic messages and auto or measure the distant ‘event and relay the data to a receiver. ‘Thermostat ‘The equipment used to regulate the static temperature, Telex The device used to do direct conversation between two countries. Theodolite "The device used to measure the cross-sectional and rectangular angles, Taximeter ‘The equipment that displays directly the fare ofthe passengers. "The device used to measure the intensity of the radiation, The device used to transform the kinetic energy ofthe uid into rotational energy and them the mechanical work is done. ‘Tachymeter ‘The device used to measure distance, latitude specially during survey and this device is like theodolite Ultrasonoscope ‘The device used to detect tumour and diagnose some more complicated problems of the heart. Udometer The device used to measure the amount of rainfall, Viscometer “The equipment used to measure the viscosity of the liquids. Vacuum-Cleaner ‘The equipment used to remove the dust particles, Videophone “The device used in which along with voice (sound) af telephone photo also appears. Van-de-graph generator The device through which high potential difference is produced. Venturi meter ‘The device through which the speeds of low of liquid are measured, Wattmeter The device used to measure electric power. ‘Wave meter ‘The device through which the wavelength of the radio wave is measured. Xylophone ‘The device used to determine the sp. gravity of the wood. ‘Ammeter Electrical devices employed to measure current in ampere, Altimeter ‘The device that measures the altitudes of aircraft ‘Audiometer ‘The device that measure the intensity of sound Barograph The device used to measure atmospheric pressure Bolometer ‘The device used to measure thermal radiations. Binoculars: The device used for the magnification of objects Crescograph “The device through which the growth in plants is detected and measured. Calorimeter The device used to measure the amount of heat Cardiogram The device used to measure the heart beats of human bod (Carburetor ‘The equipment used in internal combustion heat engine, vehicle's engine ete Compass- box “The equipment used to detect the North-South direction af any place.YOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Cyclotron ‘The device used to accelerate positively charged particles, ions ete. Callipers The device through which the external and the internal diameters of the eylindrical objects are measured. Cathode ray tube ‘The equipment through which electrons are emitted or ejected. Coolidge tube ‘Modern-X-ray tube (device)used for various purposes. Chronometer ‘The equipment employed in ships/alrcrafts to measure the accuracy of ime. Cardiograph “The equipment through which human's heart beats are recorded and detected through graphics. Daniell cell ‘The device used to flow direct current (dc) through the circuit. Density meter The device used for density measurement. Dynamometer ‘The device through which the power generated by an engine is measured. Dictaphone ‘The device used to record own statement to listen another. Dynamo ‘The device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Dip circle The device used to measure the angle of dip. Dialysis Machine The device used in blood purification for the person suffering of cardio related problems. Dilatometer ‘The device used to measure the change in volume. Blectroscope The device that confirms the presence of electric charge. Electric motor ‘The device used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Electron microscope | The equipment used to analyse the micro substance. Epidiascope The equipment employed to project or expose pictures on the screen. Flectroencephalogram | The mechanical device used to measure the potential of the human braln. Endoscope ‘The device through which inner parts of the human body fs diagnosed. Escalator The device used Moving mechanical ladders. Fathometer ‘The device used to measure the depth of seas and oceans. Geiger Mullar Counter |The device used to measure the radiation ofa radio active substance, Gravimeter The device used to measure the difference of force of gravity from one place to another. Gynoscope ‘The device used to obtain the speed and orientation of a moving object Galvanometer_ ‘The device used to indicate the presence of electric current. Gramophone The device used to reproduce the sound by a mechanical sound wave, Ganong respirometer | The device used to measure the respiration coefficient. Hydrophone ‘The device used to measure the sound waves inside the water. Hygrometer “The device used to measure the relative humidity Blectrocardiograph ‘The equipment to used to represent the heart beat pattern graphically. Kaleidoscope ‘The equipment used to detect regular symmetrical pattern of images formed. Tactometer "The device used to detect and measure the purity of milk. Loudspeaker The device used to amplify the audible sound. Lightning Conductor | The equipment employed and installed in multistoried buildings to protect the building from thundering lightning. ‘Megaphone The device used to send the sound signals over the remote areas. ‘Microphone The device used to transform sound energy into electrical energy. Micrometer ‘The device used to obtain the 1/1000 th part ofa milimeter. Microtome ‘The equipment through which any substance is cut into very smaller pleces and slices ‘Manometer_ ‘The device used to measure the pressure of gases. ‘Machmeter ‘The device used in aircraft through which the speed of aircraft is expressed as in the form of the speed of sound, Oscillograph ‘The device through which electro mechanical vibrations are depicted graphically. ‘Anemometer’ The device through which the speed of airflow of the atmosphere is measure. “Audiophone ‘The device oF equipment employed in the ears through which the process of listening becomes easy and appreciable ‘Anemometer ‘The device through which the power and speed of wind are measured. ‘Avometer The device used to detect any fault in radio. ‘Alnometer The device used to measure the weight and density of air and gases. ‘Accumulator The device used to restore electrical energy. Epidioscope The device equipment used to display the opaque photo on the screen, actinometer ‘An actinometer isa device that is used to measure the intensity of solar radiation, ‘Odometer “The equipment through which the distances travelled by the wheels of vehicles are measured, Barometer The device used to measure atmospheric pressureYOULL stay ror civil services ® studyforcivitservices.com SSB @studyforcivitservices [MAT] /(L?] Physical Quant Fundamental unit Dimensional formula —| St Unit Tength, Width, Height wu [MLT?) im Wee) Tutt 2 ms Velocity = Dugacement/Time (MoLT™] a= aT Ra / AT “1 OL? Acceleration = change in im ars Velocity/Time Work (W) = Fs cos © 2 272 Toule interne = Mer um uw) Potential energy = my . (tase MET Mer] Fue aE = men (My (LT) (uy paz} Force = (Mass x Acceleration . ~~ Kempe Fricion Fore Gravatonal | (M) [LT] (ur?) wv force Force torque = work/time (Mery) [Mer] Rewton-ty Power = worktime ~ m/s or Joule/soF P WT (Mer / (7) (Mer Kgent/sor Joule Fenton Waser yy 7-1 (Mur) Rem/sorNewon: (Mur) Terese = Force/Area 2 asuy coctteent= (Lr? tuy [Mer] Nevwton/m® Stress/deformation ([ML“'T?) Pascal Pressure = Porce/Area (MUT*1/{L?) Density = Mass/Valume IMy3} (my reat density) Water densyatec_| ML“}/ IML] ae DefrmatonatjLorayy | CVA [MeLer?) eo 1L)/ 1 Frequency = 1/Time Period Tere Anglarveoclysaagertine | WUT] IMU] Radian/s vm FiomentoTmera= mT IM ty) mer Radian/s “Angular momentum =To IMT) (Mey Kents Surface tension = Force/Length | [MLT~?) / [L] or Newton/m ‘orce Constant k= F/ (MET) joule Sunicenesty Encry/area | (MET) /(U. TouteYOUUMLD study For civil Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Difference between Weight and mass Weight (Wy Mass (a) Gravitation force of Earth ‘Ameasurementof the amount of matter Ts unitis Newton, Tes units gram or Kg Teisa vector quantity Teisa scalar quantity Weight varies according to places Ttis constant at every place 4 Center gravity ofsome objects = Objects Position of center of gravity General rod ‘mild point of axis of rode Triangular solid Intersection of the Midpoint ‘Square or rectangular soli | Intersection point of the diagonal Circular board Center of circle Conical solid On the cone axis, at a distance of 44th of the height from the base Hollow cone 1/3 height from the base on the axis of the Parallelogram intersection point ofthe diagonal Solid sphere Centre of the sphere ‘Transformation of Energy by Apparatus Name of “Transformation of Energy ‘Apparatus Dynamo ‘Conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. Hlectricmator | Conversion of electrical eneray into mechanical energy. ‘Microphone | Conversion of sound energy into electrical encray. Toudspeaker | Conversion of electric energy into sound energy, Solar cell Conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, Tubelight Conversion of electric energy into light eneray Tlectric bulb | Conversion of clectric energy into heat energy and light onergy. Tlectriccell | Conversion of chemical energy into electric energy, Candle Conversion of chemical energy into light & heat energy. Sitar Conversion of mechanical energy into sound energy.YOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivilservices “Speed oflight in different mediums ‘Medium ‘Speed of light in m/s ‘Vaccum. 3x10" ‘Water 2.25 « 10" Glass 2x 108 Diamond. 1.24 « 10" Nylone 1.96xL0" Oil ofTarpeen | 2,04x10" Rock Salt 1.96 x10" Soe eee ore oe LTS ay Whitepaper White Red Green Yello Bhie Red paper Red Red Black Black Black Greenpaper Green Black Green Black Black Yellow paper Yellow Black Black Yellow Black BluePaper Blue ‘Black Black Black Blue ‘Critical angles of some substances Substance itical Angles Water 433 43,75" ‘Crown glass 152 aie Flint glass 1.65 37319 Diamond 2a2 Daa Speed of sound in different medium at 25°C State Substance Speedin m/s Solids ‘Aluminium 6420 Nickel 6040 Steel 5960 Iron. 5950 Brass 4700 ‘Glass (Hing) 3980 Tiguids | Water (sea) 3531 ‘Water (distiled) [1498 Ethanol 1207 Methanol 1103 Gases Hydrogen 1264 Helium 965 ‘Air 46 ‘Oxygen 316 Sulphur dioxide [213YOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices 4 Sound intensity is measured in decibel. RR Whisper ‘Ordinary conversation Loud Speaker Hot discussion Heavy motor vehicle, motor bike Rustling of eaves ‘Archestra 100-110 Rocket 160-170 Missile 180-190 Siren 190-200 4 Hlectricromotive force of some cells Cell EMF ‘Voltic Cell 1.08 Vale Daniel Cell 1.08 Volt ary cell 1.50 Volt Leclanche Cell 1.50 Volt Lead accumulator cell 2.00 Volt 6 cell car battery 12.00 Volt Speed of Sound in Various Medium (m/s at 0°C) Medium Speed COs 260 Air 332 Vapour (Density =1000] [405 ‘Alcohol 1213 Tiydrogen 1269 Mercury 1450 Water 1493 Sea Water 1533 ron 5130 Glass 5680 [Aluminio 6420 Major invention and inventors Device Taventors Chronometer | John Harrison. ‘Nuclear Furnace | Enrico Fermi Heart Tung | Danish Melrose ‘machine Dynamo Michael Faraday Helicopter Broquet Gas engine Daimler Cyclotron Lawrence ‘Steam boat Robert Fulton Lightning Franklin rod/conductor ‘Camera Lens ©. Chevalier Gyroscope Foucault ‘Transformer Farada Tap Recorder Poulsen ‘Crescograph I.C. BoseYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices ‘Steam Engine James Watt Radio Marconi Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel Tyme Machine Sholes Printing Machine J. Gutenberg Glider Sir George Cave Jet Engine Frank Whittle Micrometer | Wiliam Gascoigne Scooter G.Bradshaw Refrigerator [Harrison and Munters ie E.G.Ous ‘Thermionic Diode | j.A, Flemming E-mail Ray-Torlinsoa Television J.l. Baired | Barometer Torticell Aeroplane Wright Brother Military tank Swinton Dialysis Machine | Kollf Photometer | Edward Charles Pickering calculator Pascal [Holography | Danis Gagor [Telegraph Samuel Morse Wireless Marconi Telegraphy Electric Bulb Edison [Spectroscope | Bunsenfiirchholl Transistor Shoclley&Bardeen Radar Robert Watson Submarine Cornelis Drebbel Be-cydle Macmillan Safety Razor | Gilete Para Chute VinciaVeranao Printing Machine __| |. Gutenberg. Ball Pen John J. Loud Hlectric Fan | Whecler Microscope Janseen Petrol Car ari Benz Machine gan James Puce Safety pin Walter Hunt ‘Air Conditioner | Willis Haviland Carrer Seismometer | Robert Mallet Sextant John Campbell Telephone Grahambel Gramophone | Edison ‘Steam Engine James Watt Thermometer | Fahreinhelt Fountain Fea | Waterman Power loom | Cartwright rare Lamp Humphry Da ‘Tyre Dunlop Telescope Hans Lippershey Revolver ol Thermionic diode |]. A, Fleming Rall Engine] Robert StephensonYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivilservices [tiedetube [Lee DeForest Inventions and Inventors Related to Physics [Inventions [Tnventors Electric Current ‘Alexander Volta Electromagnetic wave Heinrich Hertz Current electricity & Electric} Alexander Volta battery Static electieity Thales Law of electric resistance Simon Ohm Modern X-ray tube Coolidge Thermionie emission ‘Thomas Alva Edison Diode valve [.A. Fleming Triode valve LED. Forest Dynamite Alfred Novel Laser rays TH. Maiman | Photon ‘Albert Einstein | Induction coll HD. Ruhmkorf Taw of Gravitation Newton Law of cooling Newton, | Artificial disintegration of atom | Enrico Fermi | Principle of Floating ‘Archemedes | Nuclear fission Ottohahm and Strassmann | Interference oflight ‘Thomas Young, | Flectri charge Benjamin Franklin Wave Theory oflight Hygens Law of electric attraction Coulomb } ‘Logarithm Briggs & J. Napier | Mechanical equivalent ofheat [Joule Speed of Light 0. Roemer Cloud Chamber CTR Wilson leetrie Charge RA Milikan Neutrino WE Pauli Safety lamp, H.Davy Radioactivity HH, Beequerel Superconductivity K Onnes Corpuscular theory oflight [Newton Law of pressure B Pascal Speed of light in iquid Foucault ‘Newton's laws of motion Newton Scientist & Invention Scientist Main contribution /invention Native land Edwin Hubble “Apioncer inthe fied of extra galany “America astronomy, Expansion of Universe Emest Orlando Lawrence | Invented Cyclotron a particle accelerator: ‘America James Chadwick Discovery of Neutron England Hideki Yukawa Theory of nuclear forces, Prediction ofthe Japan Pimeson HomiJabangir Bhabha | An indian Nuclear Physicist Father of india Indian Nuelear Programme, Cosmic RadiationsYOUUMLD study For civil Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivilservices Lev Davidovich Landau Quantum theory of condensed matter & Russia guid Heli 5 Chandra Shekhar ania Sedarinkanl acre Tada & development of stars John Bardeen Transistor, Theory of Superconducivit (He isthe only | America person tobe awarded the Noble Prize n Physics twie- first In 1956 for the Invention of the transistor and again in 1972 fora fundamental theory of Conventional superconducivity known as the BCS-Bardeen-Cooper- Schiffer Theory) Cit Townes MASER and LASER re ‘Abdus Salam ectroweak unification theory Pakistan Michael Faraday Princ ples of decromagnetc Induction Fngland James Ceri Maxwell ectromagnetic Principe, Light England hn electronmagnetic wave Telnich RadalfWertz | Hectromagnetic Waves Photoolecte fea ea Jagdish Chandra Bose | Investigation of Radio and Microwave optics Thdla WC. Rontgen X-Ray (Invention) Germany JJ. Thomson Discovery of Electrons England Marie Skiodowska Curie | Discovery of Radium & Polonium, Study Poland of Natural Radioactivity (Only person to twin Nobel Prize in both Physic Chemistry) ‘Albert Einstein Theory of relativity, Photoelectric Germany effect explanation Finiorraacis eal Discovery of Coamierays ae Robert Andrews Milfkan | Measurement of elementary electric charge “America mest Rutherford Discovery of Atomic nucleus, Proton, « rays, New Zealand set forth the laws of radioactive decay & denied c- Particles ashelium nucle Niels Bohr Quantum mechanical model of Fydrogen atoms Denmark Chandrashekhara Venkata Discovery of Raman Effect (Inelastic scattering India Raman oflight by molecules) ‘Louis Victor de Broglie Wave Properties of matter France Meghnad Saha STE EEETCNEIE Tada Satyendra Nath Bose Boson ~a class of particle named after Thala him, Quantum Statistics Wolfgang Ernst paul aon Pinca TastiaYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Enrico Fermi Calledas the architect of nuclear age and italy architect of the atomic bomb, controlled nuclear fission Werner Heisenberg ‘Quantum Mechanics, Uncertainty Principle Germany Paul Dirac ‘Quantum Mechanics, Quantum electrodynamics England ‘Archimedes Principle of Buoyancy, Principle of Lever Greek Galileo Galilei Telescope, Principle of inertia aly Christian Huygens Wave theory of light, Pendulum Clock, Discovery of Holland Saturn's moon Titan Issac Newton Laws of motion, Law of universal gravitation, Reflecting | England telescope ‘Technology ‘Technology Scientific Principle ‘Steam Engine Taw ‘of Particle accelerator | Velocity of charged particles in thermodynamics electromagnetic waves Nuclear Reactor Controlled nuclear) SONAR Reflection of Ultrasonic waves fission Radio & Television Production, Optical fibres Total internal reflection of light communication and detection of electromagnetic Computer Numerical logic Antireflecting Thin film optical interference coating Production of high Superconductivity | Electron microscope | Wave nature of electron ‘magnetic fields TASER Optical amplification Photoelectric cell | Photoelectric effect based onthe stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation Rocket Propulsion Newton's law of Tokamark Fusion Fusion reactions in the plasma motion Test Reactor Generator Principles ‘of Giant Meter wave | Detection of cosmic radio waves clectromagnetic | Radio induction of Faraday _| Telescope(GMRT) Hydroelectric Power Transformation of Bose-Finstein Cooling a gas of extremely low density gravitational condensate about one hundredth to thousandth the potential energy into density of normal air to ultralow electrical energy temperature Aeroplane Bernoulli's principle sm uid dynamicsYOULL stay ror civil services ®D studyforcivilservices.com ‘Ball @studyforcivitservices [ I I Technology and the laws of physics used init: Technology Basic laws of physis Radio, television and communication | Electromagnetic wave HOO eee Taunch of spacecraf and atifial satelite | Newton's la of universal gravitation and law of mation Heat engine, refrigerator, ar conditioning [Principles of thermodynamics Alrcraf. ships, submarines Bernoull theorem and other Laws of hydrodynamics Particle acceleration, radiology, |The laws of motion of charged particle inthe electric Wield and radloisotopic therapy, et. magnetic eld the lw of force ete Nuclear reactor Fragmentation of uranium by slow neutrons Computer Laws of semiconductor physics an electronics Electric generator Laws of electromagnetic induction Prodiction of hiyaroeleciic energy ery consarvaboi ave ted loc Gea CREO Solar power tips Laws of optics and semiconductor physics No new substance is formed in physical change. New materials formed in chemical changes. Physical change isa temporary change. Chemical change ia permanent change Physical change is easily reversible. Chemical changes are often irreversible, In physical change, very Title energy (or light) An excessive amount ofheat or light) energy i absorbed energy is absorbed or released, orreleased ina physiological change. Substance docs not change in physical change Chemical changes change the mass ofa substance Classification of slutions [Type of Solutions Example Liquid solution in iquid | Alehol soliton in water, bromine solaton in carbon Agulide, Suforic acd salnion Solution of slid in quid | Sugar solution in water, iodine solution in carbon tetrachloride, lead solution in mercury jelly, starch protein sl et Gas solution in solid Hydrogen solution in palladium metal, camphor solution in air, etc, Solution of liquid in solid —[ Mercury solution in thallium, water solution in sugar, water solution in salt Solution of old into solid | Zinein copper, tin copper, almimim in copper, zine and nickel solution in copper Galley Gas solution in Gas Minar gasesin air ‘Liquid solution in gas bromine, carbon dioxide, ammonia, ete gases In water solutions, clouds, fog ete. Solid solution ingas Todine solution nai, smoke ee (Gas solution in liquid Carbon dioxide solution in water, hydrogen chloride gas solution in benzene etc 180" 10457 109" 109 Carbon dioxide Collinear Water “Ammonia Methane Angular ramich Tetrahedral Ethelyens Plannar 120" ‘Acetelyne Collinear 180" Carbon Tetrachlonde Tetrahederal 10872" Phosphorous Triangular 120090" | ©YOULL stay ror civil services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Saiphar Neaetionae Daan 30° TiydrogenSuphide ang 3 Sulphur dioxide A T1557 Thosphine pram 073" CaproieonTT TSE Squared op 30° Yoana @ vntyinccivterviccacom TTT ompar ers SIs (H) 0.14 05 ‘ards (c) "0.03 195 aifetiors (0) 46.6 Study For Civil Services-Gyan 65.0 (HYUN wae aifeien) ‘AIECTO (N) ‘aga ast 33 AER (5) 0.03 03 ‘FHSTA (Na) 28 02 (Ca) 36 15 Frrfifrea (mg) 24 or 7 7 (Si) 27 aT 101 Unnilunium ‘Mendelevium. Md. 102 Unailbium Unb Nobelium No. 103 Unniltrium Unt Lawrencium ir 104 Unnilquadiam Ung Rutherfordium RE 105, Unnilpentium Unp Dubnium Db. 106 Unailhexium Unk Seaborgium Se 107 Unnilseptiam Uns: Bohrium, Bh 108 Unailoctium Uno Hassium Hs 109 Unnilennium: Une: Meitnerium Mt 110 ‘Ununnilium Uua Darmstadtium Ds 11 Unununnjum Uuu Rontgeniam Rg 112 ‘Ununbium ‘Uub Copemicium cn 113 Ununtrium Uut sihonium Ni 114 ‘Ununguadium Uug Flerovium, FH 115 Ununpentium Uup Moscovium Me 116 ‘Ununhexium Uuh Livemorium Ly 117 Ununseptium Uus. ‘Tennessine Ts 118 ‘Ununoctium Uuo (Oganesson Og. Flement Symbol ‘Atomic Number ‘Atomic Mass Hydrogn H 1 1,008 Helium He 2 4.003, Lithium Li 3 6940. Berillium Be 4 9.013 Boron B 5 10.82 ‘Carbon c 6 12.001 Nitrogen N 7 14.006 ‘Oxygen 0 a 15.999YOULL study ror civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com Sw'Bia @studyforcivilservices Fiverine F 5 7300 Neon Ne 10 20183 Sodium Na fa 72589 Magnisiam Mg 2 2432 Alun al a 2637 Silicon 3 1a 78.09 Phosphorous 7 15 3038 Sulphur s 16 32064 Chlorine a 17 35453 “Argon Ar 18 39944 Potassium K 19 3909 Galsium Ca 20 10.08 Magnese Min 25 5494 tos Fe 76 55847 Copper Ge 28 63545 Zine 7 30 65.38 Bormiae Br 35 79316 silver m a7 107880 Tin Sn 50 119.70 Gola A 78 1969665 Lead Pb a2 20721 Periodic Group with the most gaseous elements Zero group Elements ‘equal to 1 Inert gases ‘The most abundant element in the human body Oxygen. Flement kept in Kerosene Sodium ‘Main element involved in the development ofbones Calcium and teeth Element with highest electron Affinity Chlorine Most electronegative element Fluorine ‘The most powerfull oxidizer Fluorine Total known elements till date 118 Total Elements obtainable in nature 98 Total Artificially made elements 20 ‘The most abundant element on earth Oxygen ‘The most abundant metal element on earth ‘Aluminium Lightest element Hydrogen Heaviest element ‘Osmium Lightest metal element Lithium ‘Metal found in liquid state at room temperature Mercury ‘Non-Metal found in liquid state at room temperature Bromine ‘Best conductor element of electricity Silver ‘Non metal which isa conductor of electricity Graphite ‘Most malleable element Gold Most reactive non-metal Fluorine Most reactive metal elements Cesium. Element with highest ionization potential Helium Element with minimum ionization potential CesiumYOUUMLD study For civil Services ® studyforcivitservices.com “fied @studyforeivitservices 1. Lithium 3 6341 0534 2. Mureury 80 200.59 13.534 3. Osmium 190.23 2261 4. Aluminium 13 26.982 270 Iron In the production of hydrocarts by Fischer-Tropsch process Oxides of nitrogen In the production of sulphuric acid by Lead Chamber's process PERh gauze In the production of nitric acid form the oxidation of ammonia Cupric chloride Im the production of chlorine by Deacon's process Hot alumina In the production of ether from alcohol Nickel (Raneynickel In the hydrogenation oflarge number of functional groups Plantinised asbestos Tn the manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald’s process Finley divided iron In the production of ammonia by Habber’s process Metal | Mineral/Ores Compositions of Mineral/Ores Na (Rock Salt NaCl Gea NuCosnate0 21.0 (Chile Saltpetre) PANG a ‘NagB.07.10H20 (Tincal) ea NazS0«10H20 (Giauber's Sat) (Glauberite) nate (Cryolite) K ‘Sylvine) KCl Carnelite ‘Study For Civil Services - Gyan KCLMgCh.6H20 (Schonite) K,S0« ME (Magnesite) Heo oe KCLMgCh.61120 corm) MgS0«H20 eee MgSOu7H:0 (Epsom Salt) (Epsomite) ca (Limestone) Casa (Calcite) CO (Gypsum) Gasouzino (Fluorspar) capone (Phosphorite) srad ra (Bunite) ‘AL032160 (Cryolite) NavaFe aaa A031 (iaspore) 0 Sn (Cassiterite) Sn0s (Tinstone) Pb Galena) Fos (Cerassite) 7 (Matlockite) peg cu (Chaleopyrite) aes (Copper oes)YOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivilservices (Ghaleoate) Gnd (cuptrite) Cucds cot: (Malachite) 2CuCucu(OH)2 (acurte) Ae (lative Siver) 4 ive ylan (argent) ‘Ags (Silver glance) (Weragyrite) ‘AgC (Horn Siver Zn inc Blende) ZnS (Black ack) (Grankinite) Gass: Gaim 20 (Red zine) Hg (Cinnabar) i= Mg. (Pyrolusite) MnOz Ma (Gtanganite) M0310 (iausmante) MnO. Fe (Magnetite) Fe204 (Load Stone or magnetic oxide of (iaematite) iron) (Limonite) Fe20: (Red haematite) GSiderit Fe:0, 31,0 (Brown Hlaematite) ) FeCOs (Spathic Iron haematite) {ron pyrtes) Ee Difference between diamond and graphite Diamond Graphite ishard. Tis soft Ttis the insulator of electricity itis a conductor of electric Tedoes not make marks on paper. It creates black mark by rubbing on the paper. Its relative density is 3.52. Its relative density is 2.2. ‘The structure of its layer is isotropic. Its layer are composed of hexagonal lattice surface. Ttis used in the manufacture of Its jewelery is not manufactured, jewelery. Itis transparent and colorless. Ttis opaque and ofash color. Aluminum alloys nT ‘Composition Uses ‘Aluminum bronze Ca (909%), AL(10%) ‘manufacturing of utensils, coin ete Magnelium ‘Mg (2%), Al (95-96%), Cu-Fe (2-394) __In Airoplane manufacturing Nickeloy ‘A (9596), Cu (496), NiC1%) Airoplane Duralumin Cu(49), Mn (0.5%), Mg (05%), AI Inthe manufacture of pressure (95%) ‘cookers, airoplane etc. Some of the major alloys re their components and uses = rn EI Uses Gun metal Cu-88%, Sn-10%, Z-2% In making of guns and machine parts Bell metal Ca-80%, Sn-20% Bell making Constanton Cu-60%, N-AO% As wire ‘Munj Metal Cu-60%, Zn-40% Coin making, use in boatYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivilservices Rose’s metal Bi-50%, Pb-28%, Sn-22%% ‘Automatic fuse making ‘Type metal Pb-82%6, Sb-15%, Sn-3% Forming types of printing mines Wood metal Pb-33%, B-33.5%, S0-19% Ca- In making the dframe 14.5% German silver Cu-50-61.6%, Zn-19-17.2%, Nir Utensils and sculptures 30-21.1% Dutch metal (Cu-B0%, Zn-20% Making machine parts, cheap jewelry Magneliium ALS5%, Mge5% Tn making aireraftand airplane Duralumin ‘AL-35%, Mg-1%, Cu-496 Tn making airplanes, pressure cookers etc ‘Aluminum bronze ‘AL-10%, Cu-90% For making utensils, stamps, jewelery, paints ete Phosphor bronze Cu-B59%, 50-12%, P-2% Tn making radio aerials Nichrome Ni-58-6236, Fe-22-25%%, Cr-8- In making electric heating components 13%, C-0.2-19%, Mn, Zn, SiO2-1- 2% ‘Tungsten steel Cr-10%, €-025%, Mn-0.35%, In making surgical instraments, utensils, Fe-B5-95% sculptures ete, ‘Chrome vanadium steel ‘V-{0.15%), CH(2-10%), Fe (90- For making axles, shafts, frames, axles ete 95%) Brass (Cu-70%, Za-30% Wire, machine parts, as utensils Bronze Cu-B8%, Sn-12% ‘Utensils and sculptures ‘Artificial gold u-80%, ALTO% Tn making jewelery and sculptures Currency metal Cu-95%%, S0-4%, PIM Tn making coins Solder Pb-68%, Sn-32% In electrical industries ‘Alnico ‘Steel-50%,AF-20% , N-20%, Co- In the manufacture of magnets 10% Stainless Steel Fe-7396, Cr-18%, Ni-8%, C-1% _ Making motorcycles and utensils etc. Manganese steel Mn-14%, Fe-80-85% Girder, encasing and grinding machines in safes, rai rails Chromium steel A, C-.5%, Fe-90-95% In making cutting tools, machines, bullets etc Nickel steel Ni-3.5%, C-1.5%, Fe-90-95% In making electric wires, propeller shaft, armor ete. ‘Monal metal Cu-28%, Fe-2%, N70% In making sculptures, in alkali-resistant ‘containers Delta metal Cu-60%,Zn-38%, Fe-2% In making bearings, valves and propellers of water vessels PH value of some common substances Substances: PH Value Lemon 22-24 Vinegar 24-34 Wine 28-38 Study For Givi Services - GyanYOUU study ror civil services __ @ studyforcivitservices.com. “ial @studytorcivilservices Tota ue a4 iz aaa mon aes a sere ee pe a 5 Hein Fae I ee pa eae ieee ats [Sulphur ‘Rhombic sulphur, monoclinic sulphur, amorphorous, plastic sulphur 1 Some common Alkali are= ] NaOH ~ sodium hydroxide Kol = Potassium hydroxide ca(om: ~ calcium hydroxide NiLOH = __ammonium hydroxide Sources of Some Natural Acids ‘Acetic acd (Ethanoicacid) Vinegar Formicacid (Methonoieacd) ‘Ant sting ewe sng Gieicacid, Vitamin € (ascorbic acid) _ | Anla, lemon, Orange and commonly ial citrus fruits Tatieaaid Card Onalicadid “Tomato, Spinach Tartare Reid ‘Grapes Tamarind, Cras Bananas, unripe mangoes Malicacid Apple, Pears Benzoicadd Grass, leaves, urine Tanne acid Tea Ghtamicacid Wheat Name ofbases ‘Where they are found (Calcium Hydroxide) Lime water (Ammonium Hydroxide) Asa cleaning agent special for glass windows Sodium Hydroxide/Potassium Hydroxide Soaps ‘Magnesium Hydroxide Mil of MagnesiaYOULL stay ror civil services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices lexample—NaCl, CaS0« lacidic Salt Strong acid + weak base Value ofp less than 7 lexample ~ NH, Cl NHNOs |atcatine salts Strong alall + weak acid [Value of pH more than 7 |example ~ CaC0s, CHsCOONa Aid ‘Alkali base: "Taste citrus Bitter in taste Blue litmus turns into red Red litmus turns into blue. ‘Example - Example- HCL NaOlt 14S. KOH NOs Ca(Ort)2 cH,cooH NILOH. ‘Acid-Base Indicators SPE Cre Cerrar ‘Blue litmus Red ‘No change Red litmus No change Blue Turmeric No change Tums into red Methyl orange “Turns into red Turns into yellow Phenoipthalein(Colouriess) No change Tums into pink [Neutral salt \Strong acid + strong base lpi valueYOUUMUD stuay For civit Services Dstudyforcivitservices.com "Ball estudytorcivitservices SEES Trade name Chemical name Chemical formulas ‘lam Potassium Aluminium Sulfate [KiSO« Ala (SOs 24 AO Red medicine Potassium permagnate RMnO- Caustic potash Potassium hydroxide KOH Wire Potassium Nitrate RNOs ‘Chrom Alum Potassium Chromium Sulfate K2S04.Cra(SO4)3.24H20 Bleaching powder Bleaching powder ca(Ochcl Time water Calcium Hydroxide CalOHI Gypsum Calcium Sulfate C50. TO Plaster of paris Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate 2CaSO4.H20 Chall Calcium Carbonate TaCOs burnt lime Calcium Oxide GO Limestone Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Marble Calcium Carbonate TaCOs Tiydrolith Calcium Hiydrite Calle ‘Ammonium ‘Ammonium Chloride Niicl Taughing Gas Nitrous Oxide 0 Titharge Tead oxide PbO Galena Lead Sulphide: PbS Red Vermilion Tead peroxide PbO: White lead Basic ead carbonate ZFC: PHO}: Salt acid Hydrogen chloride HC) Wire acid Nitric Acid FINOs Muriatieacid Hydrochloric Aad HCI Oil of vitriol Concentrate Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Tquaregia Mixture of Cone Nitricacid and [HNOs+HGl (1:3) Conc. hydrochloric acid Water gas ‘Carbon monoxide and hydrogen | CO+H2 gas Oieum Fuming Sulfuric acid HS:07 Bauxite Hiydrates Alumina AlsOs TAO Dryice Solid Carbon di oxide OeYOUUMUD stuay For civit Services ® studyforcivitservices.com ‘Ba @studyforcivitservices Green Cassis Ferrous Sulfate FeS0s.7H20 Magnesia Magnesium Oxide Mgo Horn Silver (Cerargyrite) Silver chloride ‘Agel Tunar Caustic Silver nitrate ‘AgNOs Black Zine Zinc sulphide ZaS White cassin “Zinc sulphate ZnS01.7He0 Chinese white Zinc Oxide a} ‘Quick Silver Mercury Hg Calomel Mercurous Chloride Hg2Cle Corrosive Sublimate Mercuric chloride HgCle Vermilion Mercurie Sulfide Hes Heavy Water Deuterium oxide D20) Heavy hydrogen Deuterium D Silica Silicon dioxide SiOz Gemaxin Benzene Hexachloride Cates Phogene Carbonyl Chloride Cock: Vinegar Dilute solution of Aceticacid | CHsCOOH Carbolie Acid Phenol CaicOW ‘Alcohol Ethyl Alcohol GoHsOH Wood Spirit Methyl Alcohol CHO Mund ‘Starch Cates, TEN, Tri Nitro Benzene CoHa(NOa)s TNT. Tri Nitro Toluene CaHaCHa(NOzs Grape juice Glucose Calhia0e Formalin 10% solution of formaldehyde | HCHO Freeon Dichlorodifuoro carbon Crick, Urea Carbamide NHeCONHe Chloroform Tri Chloro Methane CHCl: Todoform Tri lode Methane Cis Pyrene Carbon Tetra chloride oly Phenol Hydroxybenzene CoHsOH MIC Methyl isocynate CHING Common salt ‘Sodium Chloride NatlYOULL stay ror civil services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Baking soda ‘sodium Bicarbonate | ‘NaHCOs Washing Soda Sodium carbonate WasCOs.1070 Caustic Soda Sodium hydroxide Nao Chile Saltpeter ‘Sodium Nitrate’ ‘NaNO3. Carborandam “Silicon Carbide sic Avene ‘Arsenic Hydride sis Blue Casis Copper Sulfate CuS04.5H20° Lithopone Mixture of Zinc Sulfate and ‘ZnS+BaSOs Barium Sulfate Producer Gas ] Minture of Carbon monoxide and [CONE Nitrogen Marsh gas Mehane CHy Suhaga Borax NanBaO> 1090 Soda Ash Sodium Carbonate NastOs Globar Salt ‘Sodium Sulfate 'Na2SO4.10H20 Typo | sodium thio sulfate Waisa0s5100 Michrocosmic Salts Sodium Ammonium Thio sulfate | NaNHi+HPOs TT SEES RES oT Chlorine Shale Covalency Lewis Helium Lockyer Nucleus Rutherford Thorium Berzlus ania MH. Raproth Proton Goldstein Hlectron H-Thomson Oficial credit = Ruther ford Teutvon T. Chadwick ‘Oatetrale Nlews Magnesim Da Meson Yukawa Positron Anderson Onyeen Priestley and Shall one fany and Rayo Sindy Fer Gi Servier Nitrogen Daniel Rutherford pilseale Sorensen Heavy water Ure Calcium Da Sodium a Potassium Da Isotope Sod Dilution lave Wilhelm Ostwald Catalyst Berzeliag Hydrogen Cavendish Falmer Manormears Tse Polythene Ethylene Toys, packing hens HE Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Vinyl chloride Rain coat, houj pipe, etc. Polytetraluoro ethylene (PTFE or [Tetra uoroethin Nonestcking tens, gastos a Teflon Bakelite Formaldehyde + phenal Te the manufacturing of leeire switches, patey, et Polyethylene Turthalate (PET) | Terthalicacid and ethylene glycol In the manufacture of botles, ans Es Nylon 66 Tdipicacd + hevamethylene dimen | rush’ hard har, synthesized bers, in making parachutes, in place ofYOULL stay ror civil services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices ‘metal in bearings Nylon-6 or perlon Caprolactam To making fibers, plastis, Ure cord and rope Tarylene Ethylene Glycol +Territhalic Acid | Washable Clothing, Tire Cards, Safety Belts, Tents Kevlar Terthalicacid=1,4-diamine benzene | Bulletproof vest Texan or Polycarbonate Diethyl carbonate +bis phenol A | In_ making fireproof window and safety helmets Taxol Derived from bark of pacific yew tree [Anti Cancer Agent ‘General Formulae of Organi Compounds ‘Alkane Gallons ‘Alkene (GH ‘Alkynes CoHana Alcohols Galles Alkyl Hades 1 aHaneX Ether TGaeea0 ‘Aldehydeand Ketone Caen0 Carboxylic acid GlisOz Primary aliphatic amine Galen NT [Carbohydrate TEGO) TUPAC Name Formicacid — Methanoicacid HCOOH Insect stings Carbonicacid Carbonicacid HCOOH Blood and tissues ‘Aeeticacid Ethansicacid _ CHsCOOH Vinegar Propaniocacid Propanoicacid _CiiaCTiCOOH Preservative for stored grains, body odour, milk, cheese Butyricacid _ Butanoic acid Cii( CH). COOHT Butter Fuels Caw dung cake Woods Coal Petrol Kerosene oil Diesel Methane NG LPG Bio Gas Hydrogen Heating value (ij/kg) {6000-8000 17000: 2000 25000-33000 45000 “45000 “45000 '50000 '50000 55000 (Highest) 35000-40000 150000,YOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices [pee ay EE cg ‘Ammonium sulphate 21% ‘ammonium chloride 25% ‘ammonium nitrate 35% Calcium nitrate 17% ‘Sodium nitrate 16% Callum cyanamide 21% Urea 45% (Maximum) eee ee CT fertilizers Super phosphate 16-47% “Amphos 28%. Basic slag 15-25% Bone powder 20-35% Rock phosphate 25-30% Calcium Phosphate (Mono) 50% ‘Meta phosphate 64% (Maximum) Potassium chloride 48-60% (Highest) Potassium sulphate 48-50% Canit 12-16% Potassium nitrate 4% ‘wood ash 37% Tobacco stalks 49% 4 Fertilizers are chemicals that aid in plant growth. Following elements are mainly present in Fertilizers -\ Macro nutrients ~ 4. Nitrogen. 2. Phosphorus 3.Potassium 4,caleium 5. Magnesium 6.Sulphur Micronutrient = 1.Boron 2.Chlorine 3.Copper 4.tron 5. Manganese 6.molybdenum 7.4ineYOULL stay ror civil services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Fluoride pollution Methyl isocyanate Ozone depletion Excess of Nitrates Ringelmann scale & Substance Uses/damages caused ‘Aspartame = Artificial sweeteners | Freon ~ Refrigerant | Neoprene = Synthetic rubber Benadryl + Antibistamine sulphur dioxide - acid rain Responsible for Mottling of teeth this gas was leaked in Bhopal gas tragedy Skin cancer may occur due to this Blue Baby Syndrome Used to measure density of smoke ‘+ Relative contribution of various gases to global warming - 1, Water Vapour = 60% (approx) 2, CO = 26% (approx) 3. Os(Ozone) = 8% (approx) 4. Methane = 4% (approx) 5, Nitrous Oxide + 15% (approx) 6, Othersources = 0.1% ‘Common Name ofthe elements | Latin Name of the corresponding elements [Symbols Silver “Argentum fe. Tron Ferrum Fe Gold ‘Aurum ‘Au Sodium Natrium Na’ Copper Cuprum cu. [Potassium Kalium Ik Difference between fertilizer and manure wa, | Fertilizer ‘Manure 1. _| Fertilizer is an inorganic salt Manure is a natural substance obtained from the decomposition of cow dung, human waste and plant residues, 2._|Fenilizer is produced in actovies ‘manure can be made ia the fields. 3.__| Soil does not get humus from fertilizer. Humus provides abundant amount of soil to manure, 4. [Fertilizers are rich in plant nutrients such as| Plant nutrients in manure are comparatively less. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Difference between living and non-living Characteristics Living Non-Living Shape and size ‘Organisms have their own shape and size. Non-Living beings have no shape and size oftheir own. Growth and) All living nutrients take their growth and) There isno growth and change inthe development development by consuming nutrients non-living Metabolic processes Present Absent | Exeretory system Present ‘Absent | Life Cycle Birth, growth, chroniityand death occur Does notocaur Reprodutive system | Present ‘Absent Adaptability Demonstate adaptability tothe environment for | Do not demonstrateYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Nutrition Present ‘Absent ‘Movement ‘and |Movements and locomotion are indicated by| Mechanical inertia occurs due to locomotion internal forces. external forces in non living things. Respiratory system |The separation of the body's organic material There is no respiration, but heat is releases energy for the functioning, released on combustion. The chemical composition of cotton is as follows - Cellulose = 97.00% Water 7.85% Protoplasma 055% Fatty Acid = 0.40%. ‘mineral salts = 0.20% Maior cellular organelles and their functions ‘Structures prey Ribosome Active sites of protein synthesis Lysosome ‘Suicidal bag, hydrolytic enzyme stores Centrosome Assist in cell division Chloroplast ‘Active sites of starch synthesis, that i, active sites of photosynthesis, Leucoplast ‘Assist in accumulation of food Chromoplast. Providing attractive colors to flowers, fruits and seeds ‘Nucleus Control of metabolic functions ofthe cell and helpful in cell division ‘Chromosome Controls genetic and cellular functions, Cell wall ‘Stimulating the cell providing protection and support to the cell Plasma membrane ‘Control of transport of substances from one cell to another. Endoplasmic reticulum ‘ansport of substances within the cell (intra cellular transport) Mitochondria ‘Active sites of cellular respiration and energy production Golgi apparatus Help in secretion, accumulation and expulsion of specific substances Cells Organelles and their common names Lysosome suicide bag of Cell Chloroplast Cell's photosynthesis center, the cell inside the cell Ribosome Protein synthesis center of the cell Chromosome Carrier of Genetic characteristics. Nucleus Control center forall cellular functions Mitochondria Cellular power house, Cellular Energy house Cellorganelle and their discoverer Mitochondria C Benda ‘Spherosome Perner Chromatin Fleming ‘Nucleolus Fontana Ribosome Palade Protoplasm Dujardin ‘Nuclear membrane Hartwi ‘Nucleus Robert brown Chloroplast, Schimper Chromosome Hoffmischer Lysosome Christian de DuveYOUUMLD study For civil Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com ‘Ball @studyforcivitservices Pen cern Peas ey Sey Digest en Pee Pe Ce en ee ee tora Indu Cer + The antigen isa glycoprotein It is oftwo types, 1. antigen-A 2. Antigen-B + Inthe absence of antigen special type of proteins found in plasma known as antibodies. Iti of two types, 1. Antibody-a 2, Antibody’. ‘+ Antigen-A and antibody-B are present in blood group A, whereas antigen-B and antibody-A are present in blood group B. + Antigen-A and B are both present in blood group AB, but antibody is absent whereas in blood group © antigen is absent, but both antibodies-A and b are present. The blood group AB is called the universal acceptor and the blood group 0 is called the Universal doner. Blood Doner | Recipient blood group, Group | a B AB. 0 a YES NO YES NO i B | NO | YES YES. NO. AB. NO YES. YES NO [ oO I YES. I ‘YES I ‘YES ‘YES = According to Bernstein (1924) blood groups A, B, O are the heritable trait of human which passes to progeny in accordance with Mendel's law of Inheritance. err) coed Possibl 0 OxA OA AKA ‘OxB OB AB BxB aE OAB AB 3 ‘OxAB AB O.AB ‘AxAB 4,B,AB 0 BxAB ABKAB pituitary gland - —_growthhormone 4 Pancreas - Insulin is produced by Beta Cells of islets of langerhans 4 Adrenal = _Cortesol is secreted by Adrenal GlandYOUUMLD study For civil Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices WF Adrenaline —- Secreted by Adrenal Gland when we feel Anger, ear, danger, 4 Estrogen - Females 4 Insulin + Glucose Metabolism A Pheromone - _Attracting partners through the sense of smell 4 Male Hormone - —Testosteron 4 Enzyme + Lipase 4 Phospholipid Lecithin 4 Polymer: + Polyethylene Main vitamins, sources and deficiency diseases | Vitamins Deficiency diseases | sources Vitamin A (retinol) Night blindness, _xeropthalmia, Carrot, milk, cheese, butter, egg, cod liver ketatinization of skin infection oil, ish liver Vitamin B (thiamine) | Berk Ber, growth retardation Cereals, legumes, soyabeans, milk. yeas, teen vogetables Vitamin Br (RiboTiavin) | Cheloss, loss, dermatosis [Milk ege white, liver, idney, yeast meat digetive disorders green lealy vegetables Vitamin By (Niacin) Pola gg scat Hh, ral yeast, vegetables misroom Vian By (Pantthentc | Paraesthesa, burning sensation Yeast, meat fish, egg mill Tegumes Acid) Vitamin Bs (Pyridoxine) | Anaemia, sin problem and muscular Milk yeast cereals egg erams,egayolk twiting Vitamin By (Witaain 11] Skin disease, hair fall Tneat, wheat, gg, vegetables and Walls Biatin) Vitamin Bs (Folch) | Anaemia, growth retardation Green vegetables, egummes yeast ver Vitamin Biz (Cobalamin; | Pernicious anaemia, abnormality in| Meat, ish, ogg, curd, bacteria of atestine vitamin with cobolt) | nervous system Vitamin © (ascorbic Scurvy (bleeding of gums) Gooseberry, fruits of citrus family, tomato acid) and green leafy vegetables Vitamin D (Calciferol) | Rickets, osteomalacia Cheese, fish, egg, yolk sunlight Vitamin E (Tocopherol) | Sterility and weakening of reproductive | Vegetables oils, wheat, soyabean organ and muscles Vitamin [Increased blood clotting ume Green leafy vegetables, bacteria of (Naphthoquinone) intestine 4 Viral disease - ‘© Measles - Iti caused by Rubiola virus / Polynosa marbilorurm. ‘© Mumps - It is caused by the Paramixo / mumps virus. ‘© Smallpox. Itis caused by the variola virus. ‘© Chicken pox- Itis spread by varicella-zoster during 14-16 days of hibernation, ‘© Polio - It is caused by polio virus / entero virus. ‘© Influenza / Flu- It is caused by the Himofillus virus, Rabies, / Hydrophobia- tis caused by Rhabdovirus,YOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices ‘© Dengue fever It is caused by the DEN-1-4 virus and is transferred by the female tiger mosquito (Aedes aegypti). ‘© Jaundice - There are 6 varieties of Hepatitis virus - HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV and Hepatitis G virus (HGV), ‘© AIDS- AIDS is virus of the retroviris family. ‘Yellow fever - Its caused by flaviviruses. ‘© Chikungunya- tis caused by alfavirus, which is spread by Aedes mosquito. © Swine Flu It is caused by HsN1 virus ‘© Bird Flu -Itis caused by influenza virus A (HsN; virus). (influenza) Poliomyelitis) jaundice) (rabies) rrachoma) (Conjunetivities Infectious viral diseases in humans Bronchial disease Nervous and muscular diseases Liver Diseases Nervous system disease Tnflammation of salivary glands Eye diseases Bye diseases (Disease) (Bacteria) (Cholera) Wibrio Cholerae) (Diarrhoea) (Salmonella typhimurium) (Plague)/Bubonic plague (Pasteurella Pestis)/(Versinia Pestis) (Leprosy) (Mycobacterium leprae) (Tuberculosis) (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) (Pneumonia) (iplococeus Pneumoniae) (Typhoid) (Galmonella typhi) (Diphtheria) (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoea) (Syphilis) (Treponema pallidium) (Whooping Cough or Perussis) (Haemophilius pertussis or (Bordetella pertussis) (Tetanus) (Chostridium tetani) (Syphilis) (Treponema pallidum) Diseases and preventive vaccines Diseases Preventive vaccine ‘Tetanus. DPI. Depthiria Der. ‘Whooping cough DPT. Tuberculosis BCG. Polio Polio vaccine ‘Typhoid TAB. 4 nd di nsmit em Insects ‘Transmitted Disease Female anopheles Malarial fever Female Aedes agital yellow fever Domestic fly Cholera Pedicura ‘TyphoidYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices "Tabenas fly Surra disease Female klevera Filariasis Glossina Palpelira Sleep disorder Bedbugs Chagara disease [Sand fly [Kala azar Bery-Bery ‘Vitamin b deficiency disease ‘Seurvy Vitamin C deficiency disease Rickets Vitamin D deficiency disease in children Osteomalacia Bone disease caused by vitamin D deficiency in adults Haemarrhage Hemorrhagic disease caused by vitamin K deficien Xeropthalmia Dryness ofthe eye cornea due to vitamin A deficien« Nyctalopia Common night blindness due to vitamin A deficien: Kwashiorkor Protein deficiency disease ‘Anemia (anemia) Tron Scurvy Vitamin © Goiter Todine Maresmus Tack of all sources of energy, Including protein, due to Tong- term fasting Kwashiorkar Protein deficiency Rickets in Childrens Vitamin D Madcow disease of eatle Due toa protein called prions Tiss ian opi Toma a Se eT Aadisons disease Pee ew seretonofeorintormene — Tae a a ae a Acromegaly Due to excess secretion of growth hormone (GH) eo eee eae a Grave sdarase Saray ros forates seer Seen Tor Fanaa aa ato daar pia ged aa Dar ig ne ees cg Diabet asa Teabr ve preet bomoae tenes ae oe Tae ee ee ara 4 Plants with some characteristics Tongeatroarpiant aman gies een ant Smallest plant ower ola Laprae a “The argent estas Cereus pt Sauna oaYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Most subtle plant seeds ‘Orchid Smallest plant cel Mycoplasma Largest plant chromosome “rium Largest plant eg Cyeus Largest pumang Cycus Smallest chromosome ‘Algae Largest angiosperm plant Eucalyptus Smallest angiosperm plant Lemna Largest gymmosperm plant Sequeaia Gigentia ‘Smallest gymnosperm plant Tamia Pygmia Largest Orchids Grammatophyllum speciosum Largest orchid flower Framedium cadetum Biggest leat Vietoriaamazonica Targest lower Rafalsia Armodai Youngest bryophyte Juopsis Largest bryophyte Dausonia Smallest taridophyte ‘cola Plant with the highest chromosome ‘Ophioglossum Plant with the lowest chromosome Taplapace gracilis Rootless angiosperms ‘Aldrovenda | Most rigid wood Hardwiki Bineta ] Lightest wood Okromo Lagodasbalsson Shootless plant Rhizophora ‘There are generally five major classes of plant hormones - ‘[-Auxin (promote stem elongation, inhibit growth of lateral buds (maintains apical dominance). 2. Gibberellin {promote cell elongation, seed germination leaf expansion, trichome development, pollen ‘maturation and the induction of lowering) 3, Cytokinin (promote cell division, or cytokinesis in plant roots and shoots) 4, Abscic Acid (ABA inhibits growth and metabolism, and enhances degradative changes, as in ripening and senescence) 5, Ethylene (Ethylene is best known for its effect on fruit ripening, lower opening and organ abscission) ‘+ According to the Biometric Institute, the following types of biometric identification are ~ ¥-DNA matching ¥ Based on the size of the ear ¥ Based on Iris, ¥ Based on retina ¥ Based on facial recognition Y fingerprint based ¥ Based on 3-D geometric configuration of finger ¥ Based on way of walking ofthe person ¥ Based on the structures of the hand ¥ based on smell ¥ Based on the unique pattern of typing ¥ Based on Voice Recognition Based on the configuration ofthe palm veins [Hrroauer Product Source Opium Fruit Asafetida Root Rubber stem Quinine BarkYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Biologists Contribution Jonas Salk Discovered vaccines to protect against polio James Simpson First user of chloroform as anesthetic Karl landstiener Detection of ABO" blood groups, discovery of Rh factor, discovery of antigen ‘AG, Tensley “The term ‘ecosystem ‘Albert Sebin Development of pollen main vaccine AL. Operin First description of the origin of organisms by chemical analysis ‘Andreus Besalis Father of ‘modern anatomy’ Bedal and Tautam “One gene - one enzyme - one chemical reaction theory” Benda ‘Nomenclature of mitochondria Betson ‘The rendering ofthe term 'genetics™ ‘Banting and Baist Isolation of insulin hormone from pancreas Barbara Machlintoke Detection of 'Plavmann gene’ by studying the rearrangement of chromosomes in Kerolus linius ‘The father of classism, the rendering of the ‘binomial method’ of naming ‘organisms, author of books named Systema Nature Species Plantarum’ and ‘Genera plantaurm’ father of modern botany Christian Bernord First human heart transplant operation Charles levron Malaria germ detection Charles Darwin Rendering of Biological Development, the creation of a book called Origin of| Species Dresor “Asprin’ drug discover ‘Edward jener ‘chicken pox vaccine discovery, development of vaccination, father of immunology Emest Heckel Biogenetic law formulation, Protsita and plastid Ehranberg Bacterial nomenclature Former and moore Introduction of the word "meiosis" Francis Galton Father of ‘eugenics’ Funk ‘The Introduction of the word vitamin’ F.Sengar Rendering sequences of amino acids in insulin Gregar Johan Mendal Rendering the basic principle of inheritance Huxle Life is said to be the physical basis of life Horner ‘Study of color blindness in humans Hugo De Vreeze ‘Theory of Mutation Hopkins and Funke Discovery of ‘Vitamins’ Hippochratus Promoter of tactical medicine, use of plants for treatment of diseases, father of ‘medicine Hargovind Khurana Introduction of genetic code H. J. Mooler Induction af mutation by x rays Henson Detection of leprosy Evanovaski First discovery of ‘viruses’ L.E-Purkinje Nomenclature of Protoplasm™ Johanson ‘The Introduction of the word 'Gene™ Jene. Bapstid Taimark Lamarkism, the rendering of the term ‘Biology’ on the basis of inheritance oF acquired traits, Joseph Pristley First confirmation of release of oxygen by plants Jacob and Monad. “Oparin Model’ Introduction Lui Pasture ‘Germ plasm of diseases (rendering of pathology), manufacture of rabies vaccine, discovery of fermentation, father of microbiology ‘Marshelo Malpithi Father of microscopes, father of physics Nol and Raska Construction of the first electron microscope Robert Hook Cell discovery, Introduction of the word ‘cell, writing a book called Micrographia, father of cytology Robert Jarvik Manufacturing Artifical heart Robert Edward Development ofthe technique of developing test tubes Raine lenek Invention of stethoscope Robert Koch Discovery of cholera and tuberculosis Robert Veenberg Detection of cancer geneYOULL stay ror civil services ® studyforcivitservices.com SSB @studyforcivitservices Sleiden and Swann "The rendering of ‘ell theory S.A. Waxman ‘Streptomycin discovery, Introduction of the ‘Antibiotic ‘Singer and Nicholson “Liquid Mosaic Model Introduction of plasma membrane Confirmation of Mendel's rules Shermak, De Vrees and korens Confirmation of Mende!'s rules ‘Sumenor Discovery of urease enzyme Thiofrestos ‘The father of botany, writing a book titled "Historial lantarum TT. H. Morgan Discovery of gender-linkage in Drosophila father of modern genetics T.R Malthas Introduction the relationship between food production and population 7T.H. Huxlay Introduction of ‘Biogentic law" UN. Brahamachari Kala-azar medical treatment discovered W. Halfmistur Fertilization discovery William Harwey Blood Circulation Discovery ‘W. Waldeyor ‘The Introduction ofthe term ‘chromosome W. Fleming “The Introduction ofthe term mitosis Watson and krick Formulation ofa bifurcated pattern for molecular structure of DNA 7, Jenson and H, Jenson Construction of first ‘joint microscope’ ‘Arastu ‘The father of biology, the study of parent morphology of zoology: ‘Antoniwaan ‘The father of microbiological science, with the help of simple lenses of good quality, looked at micro-organisms and named them Animalcules. ‘Alexandar Fleming Discovery of penicillin Robert Hook ‘Addressing and naming the presence of nucleus in cells, rendering Brownian motion Richard Owen Formulation ofthe principle of homogeneity and homology Ronald Ross Exploration of Plasmodium eggs in the stomach of the female Anophilis, mosquito RAltmaan Introduction of nucleie acid Sudoriferous Glands SETI Sweat glands in the skin of mammals Bartholian Glands The Bartholin’s glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two pea sized compound alveolar glands located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening ofthe vagina, They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bbulbourethral glands in males. Perineal glands ‘Odour glands found in rabbit Phalic glands ‘male genitals of Cockroaches Collateral glands The collateral glands are present in third and fourth abdominal segments of female cockroach. Coupes glands Accessory glands of the male genitals of mammals Prostate glands “Accessory glands of the male genitalia in mammals Uteicular glands Present in cockroaches and pests of female genitals “Mucous glands ‘Mucous glands, which aid in maintaining the water balance and affer protection from bacteria are extremely numerous in fish skin, especially in cyclostomes and teleosts Braners glands Ttisa gland in the submucosa of the duodenum , which has a main physiological function of secreting an alkaline-based mucus to protect the duodenal lining from the acid secreted in the stomach, Parotid gland The parotid glands are the largest salivary gland present on each side of the head in front of ears. They produce serous saliva which is rich in alpha-amylase enzyme cold ptyalin Femoral glands (Gland present in thighs of certain Reptiles (which secrete pheromones) Mammary glands Milk secreting glands present in mammals Tacrimal glands ‘Gland present in eye (tears gland) Ceruminous glands Ceruminous glands are specialized sudoriferous glands (sweat glands) located subcutaneously in the external auditory canal ‘Albuminous glands Discoloration of albumin, a toxic substance found in the alimentary canal ofman [Fatglands (Sebacious Gland) These are Present in Mammals, They secrete sebumYOUUMLD study For civil Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com ‘Ball @studyforcivitservices RE eT Father of immunology Edward Jenner Father ofbactericlog Robert Koch Father of botany Thiofrestis Father of ecosystem Tensle Father of plant patholog | Butler Grandfather of phytology Stephen hales Father of the rule of reiteration of caste in personality | Ernest hecle Father of eugenics Fransis Galton | Father of microbiology ais pasture | Discovery of bacteriophages Tawartav Dehal | Father of classification Carl Linnaeus | Father of genetics Gregor john Mandal [Father of modern embryoTogy Karl Ernst von Baer Tm Strethoscope Itis used in measuring of heart rate and heart pulse Pacemaker ‘when the heart rate is high or low, Itis Used to bring ito normal state ‘Sphigmomanometer Ttis Used to measure blood pressure, CT Scan tis used to detect any abnormality or deformity in the entire body | lectrocardiography (ECG) Itis Used to detect cardiac abnormalities Electroinsefellogram tis Used to detect brain malformations. ‘Auto analyzer. is Used to check the level of glucose, urea, cholesteral ete “Magnetic Resonance imaging Itis Used for the complete detection of abnormalities or deformities in ‘the entire body or organs, ‘Animal Science ‘Aristotle ] ‘Medicine Hippochratus | ‘Genetics (GJ. Mendal | ‘Microbiology Luis Pasture Immunology Edward Jener Bacteriology Robert Koach Radiation genetics .]. Mooler ‘Comparative desig G.Quvier ‘Modern genetics Betson ‘Geraontology Waldimir Korenchevesk ‘Modern anatomy “Andris visalius Blood circulation willium Harway Blood group Karl Landstiener Classification Karolus Linius. Paleontology Leonardo da vinchi Modern embryology Karl E, waanvare ‘Mutism Hugo de breese, Bugenics Fransis Galton. Microscopy ‘Marsello Malpi [Endocrinolog ‘Thomas Edison Patholoy Parsitolog Virolo Bacteriol Entomolog Myrmecology ‘of nature, symptoms and factors of diseases of parasitic organisms of viruses ‘Study ofbacteria ‘Study ofinsects -Myrmecology isa branch of entomology focusing on the scientific study oF Stud Study ‘Study ‘Study ‘Study Study ‘Study Watacalo Tehthyolo Serpentoloj Herpetolo ‘of mollusca and Rs opening offish structure, function eta, of snakes ‘of amphibians and reptilesYOULL stay ror civil services ®D studyforcivilservices.com ‘Ball @studyforcivitservices TORT Sa oT Dermat Stud of kan an aes Trophotany Study of murton and netivonaT weno Teton Study af aquired symptoms Tato Dette stud of diferent pes oF ing and dead anima Botan Study of diferent types of plants and ter activities TalaeobiTogy]Falaconflogy | Study of fauna of organisms (animals and plans] Palaenbotan Study of plant fossils Ecology Study ofthe effect of environment around the Iving organisms Genetis Study of genetic tats of animals and teirinkertance Phrsiology Study of functions and working methods of diferent pars ofthe bod Fedology Stud of ti sol formation, sol pe ote Gorontalo Study of aspertsof aging and time effects ia amas Ethology Study of behavior ofall animals inluding humans Boones Sty of principles To bulld modern equlpment and eaginering stems ‘sing the properties principles ofthe biological worl Bonomi Study ofthe relationship of organisms with thelr environment Myo Study ofhuman muses Mamimalogy Study of mammals Bionomy Study rebated to rules ofa Biometey Biology study by the techniques of mathematics and asics Phrnalogy The study ofthe functioning and insanity of varlous parts ofthe Bala Tnthologr Study of lowers AgrostlORy Stud oF Grasse PalmoTon Study of dierent pes of ponators Oncotony Studio cancer and elated tumors TerstoaR Studio inequalities in physical deveTapmanE Osteo Study of bones Chondrasiogy Study of Cartage Serol Scent study of Sod serum Taematslogy Study of blood Neurology Study related tothe nervous stem Tithotrpsy ‘A medial procedure in which the patient ls reated by breaking the stones Tocated inthe keys, gall bladder, badder with the elpof rays. [Ethics Psychological study of moral conduct and duty Tpicaltare Beekeeping for honey production and polination of rons Tere Bird breeding acu breeding of aquatic organs (ora and Fauna] igacuure Type oF aquaculture under which algae are cltWate Agriculture Sceace rated fo cp pronation cau asband Serculture the production ofraw ak Siviultre forest clivation ‘Spongiculture ‘breeding of sponge | Floriculture ‘Study of flowers | ‘Olericulture Vegetable cultivation | Arboriculture Study of tees and shnibs Hortcuture Cultivation of flowers, rulta vegetables and apices Pamologr Fru ang Vermclre Eatthworen breeding or Tacreasing agricunaal production Oaieare Arti breeding in oysters for wade purpose Oliculture lve production conservation and wade elcuture Breeding of Snals Vitcuture rape production Mencutare Treeding of marine organisms (ora and faa) Tor fhuman consumption Ie CE SsYOUU study ror civil services __ @ studyforcivitservices.com. ‘Ba @studyforcivitservices Morieulture Mulberry Cultivation Citriculeure Promotion of citrus fruits and fruit products Hydroponies/ Aeropanics/ Aeroculture Soilless Plant Enhancement Vegeculture ‘Agriculture of vegetables and plants (mainly root crops, which have periodic propagation. Perera ens Largest mammal Blue whale Largest Terrestrial animal ‘African Elephant Most oldest Molusca Kentoderma Most oldest primate Lemur The largest living bird Ostrich Largest living snake ‘Snake dragon Largest monkey Gorilla | Wisest monkey Chimpanzee | ‘Smallest monke Gibbon | ‘Oldest lizard Phrynosoma | Largest frog. Rana Goliath, Largest mollasca Giant scuid Targest clamshell “Tridacna Targest gastropod Hemifusus ‘Smallest bird Turmming bird Longest cell Nerve cell (Neuron) Most primal helminths Pleneria Most early annelids Polygordias ‘Smallest bone ‘Stapes: Busiest part of the bod Heart Most primal arthropods ( Peripetrus (connecting link between Arthopada and Annelida Largest living reptile Turtle Largest fossil reptile Diplodocus | The most intelligent homonida Human, | The fastest running creature Panther The fastest ying bird Spiniteld swift ‘Most primal mammal Echidna Egg breeding mammal ‘duck billed platypus Egg uterus mammal Kangaroo The smallest flying bird Kiwi ‘Oldest fish ‘Scoleodon (Dog fishy ‘Oldest Arthopoda ‘Scorpion ‘Oldest Snake Viper and Sea Snake ‘Only posinous Tard Haloderma The most poisonous fh ‘Stone fish Tallest beast Giraffe The largest viTus Pox vinis Largest gland Liver Largest bone Femur [Largest muscle Glutial maximus ‘Surreal fish Devil fish Mollusca Telly Fish Coelentrata Silver Fish Insecta Starfish Echinodrmata Razor fish Mollusca ‘Whale fish Mammals ‘Cray fish ‘Orthopoda, [cuttlefish [MolluscaYOULL stay ror civil services ®D studyforcivilservices.com ‘Ball @studyforcivitservices Real fishes- Dog Sehateodon Tors Tah Tippseampu Tier sh Siepostor lobe sh Tetraon Flee ih Torpedo Flying sk eases Mosquito Hah Canbusia (Latush fish, [kaimira, ‘Important facts related to human body TarRSCor Si Tiss orga Tear The test sm Canoes Tatum of Bond i Rama Fad Sto 6 Tern Te eae oa Normal blood presse Ta0/a0 mm Nanber of red Hood al (RHC ale 555 milion GTR Number of red Blod ells (RBCs) Temale 5-5 mln /eable mm Life expectany of red Bld cells [RHC] 120 days ‘Normal count of white blood Cells (WBCS) '5000-10,000 per cubic mm | Differential Leucocyte count 2-5 day | Basophils, ‘05 - 1,0 percent | Isinafils 1,0 -3.0 percent | Monocyte 30-80 percen Neutrophil 40,0 70.0 percent Lymphocytes 200-750 percent Blood platelets count 200000 - 400000 per abe mm Percentage af hemoglobin tale 14-16 g/ 100cc blood Female 12-14 g/100ce blood Tavera donor Ogu hives Acreptor group Normal Body Temperature SBOE Breathing rate 16-20 permite Dental formula ‘Adalt hutmans: 2123 /12392= 32 Children 212/212 x2 =20 Tram weg 400 gras No.of cranial RES rps Hanae of epi] neve arpa Normal heart rate 60-100 beat mim Normal pulse rate TZ per minute No of ftal muscles nthe bod eas Percentage of water in the entre weight af human body 65 percent Longest, Heaviest and strongest bone Thigh bone (Femur) ‘Smallest bone Stapes | Largest Gland Liver. | Target endocrine gand Thyroid and Largest cell Neuron Targestartery Abornial aorta Tarest white Bod cas Mnocyes [Least regeneration capacity is there in Brain cellsYOUUMUD stuay For civit Services ® studyforcivitservices.com ‘Ba @studyforcivitservices Largestand youngestanimals ‘The largest extant animal Blue whale ‘The youngest animal ‘Amoeba Targest terrestrial Elephant Biggest fish ‘Whale shark ‘Smallest mammal Mole Largest invertebrate Giant sequin ‘Smallest fish ‘Gobi fish, Largest bird ‘Ostrich bird [Smallest bird Humming bird ‘Sea horse ‘Species ‘Sea Anemones Nideria Sea Hare Mollusca Sea Cucumber Echinoderm Sealily Echinoderm ‘Sea Urchin Echinoderm Sea Mouse “Tneileda Seapen Nideria Sea Fan Nideria Sea Cow Mammals vat Invention Inventor. Insulin Frederick Grant Banting, Charles Best LSD Haffmann | Kidney machine Kolf | Medical Treatment of Kalazar US Brahamachari | ‘Genetic Code Hargovind Khurana ‘Teramysine Finley ‘Typhoid's bacteria Ro Berth Diabetes Medical Banting ‘Treatment of Yellow ever Reed Flag and dysentery medicine Kitajato Polis Drop ‘Albert Sabine Contraceptive pills Pincus Cardiac surgical transplant Christian Bernard First test tube babj Steptov Edwards ‘Genes of Cancer Robert Weinberg. Penicillin A, Fleming DDT Paul Mooler | ‘RH, Factor Landsteiner | ‘Streptomycine Selman, Wacsmann | ‘Antiseptic surgery Lister | ‘Chlorolewin (Kunain) Rabi BCG Urin Kolmate TBeribers disease Tsackmann ‘Malaria parasite Ronald Ross Blood Transfusion Karl Landsteiner Vitamin A Maculan [Vitamin MaculanYOUUMUD stuay For civit Services ® studyforcivitservices.com ‘Ba @studyforcivitservices Vitamin © Ujocthotat Vitamin D Hopkins Treatment of Syphilis Paul erie Blood circulation William Farve Bacteria Tuwenhauke Vaccination! Edward jennier Stethoscope Rene Lane CChloraform (Anesthesia) James Simpson Rabies Vaccine ‘Louis pasture: | ‘Lepro: Henson | ‘Chloromycetin Berkholder | ‘Ariomycin Duggar | Reserpine water Rustam fal vakeel ‘Open heart surgery Walton lillehal Virus Twanovaski Blood Groups Tandsteiner RNA ‘Arthur Berg and Watson DNA ‘Watson and Crick ‘Medical Treatment of Nydrophobia Louis Pasteur Medical Treatment of Homeopathy Hanniman Polio vaccine Jonas Salk (Cholera’s vectors Robert Coach Tuberculosis vectors Robert coach ‘Malaria vectors. (Charles Laveran Diptheria vectors ‘Klebs and Bazarnik, ‘Aspirin, Dressor | Virology Ivanovskiy and Bazarnik Vitamins EJ. Hopkins [Antigen Landsteiner Tetany CT ‘parathermone due to low levels of secretion. iseases occurring in humans (Virolism) Excess secretion of Adrenaline Diabetles melltus Low secretion of Insulin, ‘Addison's disease Low secretion of Kortene harmone ‘Dwarfism, Less secretion of Growth harmone | ‘Acromegal Excess secretion of Growth harmone | Myxedema Very less secretion of Thyroxine harmone Grave's disease Excess secretion of Thyroxin harmone ‘Gigantism More secretion of STH hormone than anterior abe of pituitary gland Goiter due to thyroxine hormone deficiency Diabetes Tnsipidus due to deficiency of vasopressin hormon [Exopthaimie Corer [dt to the excessive secretion of thyroxine hormone ‘Banana Mesocarp and Endocarp Wheat Starchy Edosperm Maize Cashewnut cotyledons, Fleshy Thalamus teh Fleshy Ari Gram Cotyledons and embryos Groundnut Cotyledons and embryos Pea Mulberry Juicy PERIANTH Jack Fruit Bracts, Perianth, Seeds Pine apple Bracts, Receptacles Orange Juicy hair ‘Apple (leshy thalamus) Pear (Pleshy thalamus) Mango Mesocarp ‘Guava Pericarp, Placenta Grapes Pericarp, Placenta Papaya Mesocarp Coconut Liquid Endosperm ‘Tomato epicarp, Placenta ‘Cucumber Mesocarp, Endocarp Date Palm Fleshy Pericarp Fig Fleshy Thalamus Pine Apple Bracts, Receptacles Pomegranate Juicy seed coat Strabern Fleshy Thalamus. ) 8YOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices (Tomato [Pericarp, Placenta [Mustard [Seed ‘Common and Chemical Names and their Chemicals Formulas - Edible Soda :- Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO) (Caustic Soda) Sodium liydroxide (NaOH) (Marble) :- Calcium Carbonate (CaC0s) (BleachingPowder) Calcium Hypochlorite (Ca (C10}.) (Gypsum) calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO. 21120). (Alum) :(K,S04Al, (50) 24180) (Chile Saltpetre) = Sodium Nitrate (NaNO) (Blue Vitriol) - Copper Sulphate (CuS0.) (Green Vitriol) :- Ferrous Sulphate (FeS0.7H20) (Slaked Lime) - Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH),) (cinabar) :~ Mercuric sulfide (HS) (Galtpetre) - Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) Nitric Acid (HINO) (Sulphur)- Sulphuric Aeid (1-50) (Galena) ~ Lead Sulphide (PbS) (IN) = Tri Nitrotoulene (CeHCHs (NO:)) Sodium Sulphate (Na;S0) Sodium Sulphate (Na,S0s. 104.0) (White Potash) Potassium Chlorate(Kcl03) (ypo) = Sodium Thiosulphate (NazS,0s. 51:0) (Marsh Gas) ;~ Methane (C11) (Sugar) Sucrose (Cy2HlzO1) (Heavy Water) = Deuterium Oxide (020) (Common Salt) Sodium Chloride (NaCl) (Washing Soda) Sodium Carbonate (Na:Cos) (Plaster of Paris): calcium sulfate hemihydrate, (CaS09.110) (Dry Ice) = Dry Carbon dioxide -(C0.) ‘Borax (NacB,0>. 10H,0) sodium borate, sodium tetraborate Calcium Oxide (Ca0) Hydrochloric Acid (HC) (Caustic Potash) - Potassium Hydroxide (KON) (sand) + Silicon Oxide (S103)YOUUMLD study For civil Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com SSB @studyforcivitservices (Alcohol): hy Alcohol (C08) (Chinese White) Zine Oxide (2n0) (ushadir sal) Ammounium Chloride (NHLCI) (White Vitriol) = Zine Sulphate ZnSO.) (Laughing Gas) - Nitrous Oxide (N,0) [finn Vegetable Research ineiate National Institute of fmmunology New Delhi [Retonal Contre For Call Sconce Pane, Maharashtra DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD) Hyderabad National Institute of Plant Genome research (NIPGR) ‘National Brain Research Centre New Delhi Gurgaon Haryana Tastitute Of Boresources And Sustainable Development(IESD) Timphal, Manipur Tastitute of Life Sciences Bhunveshwar, Odisha (National Centre for Biological Sciences - NCES) [Banslore Karnataka Birbal Sahni Institute of Palacobotany Tudknow National Academy of Medical Sciences New Delhi Tnstitute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu National Institute of Mentally Handicapped insta oT aT Fehnaogy anlar r Central Institute of medicinal and Aromatic Plants + Lucknow ana sae Winaly aaieaped Dear Za Yaar ng ata ans Spee Wearing OSATES ama Secunderabad in Hyderabad, ‘National Botanical Research Institute Thacknow (National Beauro of Plant Genetic Resorces) New Delhi [indian Veterinary Research Institute OTIVRI) [Dassen rey | Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) | TucknowYOUUMUD stuay For civit Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com ‘Ball @studyforcivitservices Colour supplying substances Color of glasses Ferrous oxide Orange red Ferric oxide Reddish Brown Gold chloride or purple of caslas Ruby red Cadmium sulphide Yellow like Temon Cuprric salt Peacock blue Manganese dioxide Red ‘Cuprrous oxide, Cadmium sulphide Glitter red Carbon Brownish- black Potassium dichromate Grren and green yellow: Cobalt oxide deep blue Sodium chromate oF Ferrous oxide (Green [Selenium oxide ‘Orange red Een Name of Family (Cruciferae) (Malvaceae) Name of Important Plants Radish, Turnip, Mustard, Cauliflower Cotton, Okra, Shoeblack Plant/China rose (Leguminose) (Compositae) (Reutaceae) (Cucurbitaceae) (Solanaceae) (Rosaceae) (Myrtaceae) ea, catechu, pigeon pea, soyabean,lablab bean, Royal Poinciana, Golden, shower tree, Tamarind, Babool, Ashoka, Shameplant, Rosewood, Chickpea, Black gram, Indigo Sunflower, Lettuce, Zinnia, Chrysanthenum, Marigold Key lime, orange, sweet orange, ‘Watermelon, Muskmelon, Pointed gourd Potato, Eggplant, Chilli peppers, Tobacco, Bellodonna, imsonweed ‘Apple, Pear, Rose, Peruvian groundcherry Guava, Eucalypts, Jambolan, Henna Umbelliferac [Ranunculaceae Coriander, Cumin, Clove, Fennel, Wild carrot [Buttercup, Black cumin Viral plant disease and pathogenic virus Mosaic disease of tobacco Tobacco mot Mosaic disease of potato Potato virus- X Bunchy top of banana Banana virus 1 Mosaic disease of cauliflower Cauliflower mosaic virus Carrot red leaf disease Carrot red leaf virus Disease in fruits / grains Deficiency Marsh disease of peas Manganese Kaira disease of Paddy Zine Whiptail of Cauliflower Molybdenum “Amoebic internal necrosis Boron Title leaf of Lemon Copper Title leaf of mango Zine hheart-rot in beetroot Boron Black Heart desease in potatoes Tack of 02 in storage Browning in Cauliflower Boron Dieback in Lemon CopperYOUUMLD study For civil Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices (Leaves: ‘Mustard, Spinach, Fenugreek Flower ‘Cabbage, cauliflower ar Prt Sao ae raat rth aa Sama gan So tevin tists voy Panna, Autos Sas Fe ae cote Sicha Coorg ow a8 “ass orm a “Queen of Flower" Gladiolus Sees on rater 2 nar oa Se 7 onde oa Sionteeateas fea See = [oases ara oo ae athioes = ates a a oT a ingot dy al Aaox ranpot ace fa India’s golden fiber Jute ta om Vegsablenal saa coer taYOUUMLD study For civil Services (PD studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservices Bitterness in cucumber is due to Gucurbitacin Bitterness in bitter ground is due to ‘Memordicocite Green color in potato tubers due to Solanin Yellow color of onion is due to Quercetin ‘Red colorin chillis due to Capcyanthin ‘Red color in carrots due to ‘Anthocyanin Bitterness in pepper is due to Olemoresins| ‘pungency in Radish isocyanate ‘smell in Garlic due to ‘Aisin ‘Smellin Pepper due to Oleoresin Red colorin tomato is dueto Tycopene [Red color in onion is due to ‘Anthocyanin Yellow color in turmeric is due to Curcumin ‘Orange Color in Carrot is due to Carotene Yellow colour of Sesame oil Cartinoized The peculiar taste of Turnip Calcium oxalate ‘Red color in carrots due to ‘Anthocyanin Cat ‘Chimpanzee Human Dog Ascaris Hare Maize Housel Pea ‘Onion Saliva/Salivary Juice Tylene, Maltase Starch, Maltose ‘Maltose, Glucose Gastric Juice Pepsin, Renin Protein, Casein Peptones, Calcium para caseinate Pancreatic juice _‘Trypsine, Amylase, pase Protein, Starch, Fat Polypetides Sugar, Fatty acid and slycerol Intestinal juice Erepsin, Protein ‘Amino Acid Maltase Maltose Glucose lactase Lactose Glucose and Fructose Sucrose Sucrose Glucose and Galactose Lipase Fat Fatty acid and Glycerol Eremophytes “The plants growing in desert or stepi Lithophytes ‘The Plants growing on the rocks Psammophytes ‘The plants growing in the sand Sclerophytes ‘Woody bush plantsYOUUMLD study For civil Services ®D studyforcivilservices.com “eal @studyforcivitservicesYOULL stay ror civil services ® studyforcivitservices.com SSB @studyforcivitservices Tumi Brassica Raps House uses domestica Black Gram Plasoes Mungo Green Grams Phaseolies Auicus Pea Pisum sativa Jowar Sorghum Vulgare ‘Wheat “Taiticum aestivum Maize Zea May Frog Rana Tigrina [Red Gram Cojonus Caan [Pea [Pisum sativa I [False Fruit True Fruit Definition False fruits arise from Moral True fruits arise asa result of ferilization where the fertilized parts other than the ovary _ ovary wall becomes the fleshy fruit. Fertilization Not invalved Involved Process | Parts Involvedin | Floral parts such as thalamus, | Fertlized ovary forming the fruit | peduncle and perianth, parts other than the ovary. i Bramples ‘Apple, pears jackleust, ‘Mango, Kiwi fruit, watermelon, chenvy, grape, maize pineapple, strawberry, Cashew-nut, pear, gourd, cucumber l Note= Cashew-nut develops from peduncle, Apple, pear, gourd, cucumber develops from thalamus. Jackfruit, pineaaple develops from Entire inflorescence. Parthonocarpie fruit Development of fruit without fertilization. They are seedless fruits example - Banana, Fig, ‘orange, grape, pea, grapefruit Ovary wall Owe um ‘Nucellas Micropyle ory oa Punile Paicarp ‘Seed Staaf the seed ‘ham Paisperm Meropyle Outer integument Taner integument Testa Testa