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300 Words to get an understanding of the LAWS and what form of Government we are under.
L ACCESS: Opportunity to uozile and gc from premises. An aemeni ofay. whether arising from cxprcss or inipkd grant, press or
implied rcra!ion The ht ora parson tc a desìnaici bendice which i tenpoarily in ayancc Ike opportuny f husbaid thr
sexuaL inkrourse with his witt
2. ACTION AGAINST THE STATE: Ari tiun which, because ofthe mmuniLy oía tatc from suit undcrthc 11th Amendiient to the
Conslitution of the tjiikd Statcs and estabi ished principles o j urisprudence, can be had only with thc consent ofthe state. 49 An J I st
States § 9L
A suit to r1rain siate oITicrs &om taking steps y means ofajudicaI proceeding in execution ofa state statuL lo which they do noi
hod any special ration. s asuit ainst ih state within the meaning of'the prohbizion ofthc f Ith Anicndment. State . Southern
Raiway 4; NC 495, 59 570.
3. ACRLEVED: fleprived fones legal rights orhving utìèred an invasion ofone's legal rights. Denied ones personal or pmperty
rghL Glass y Pcpl. 259 I i 332. 102 NE 763.
!
4. AGGROEVED PARTY: One who is njiirously afíeted bthe act or ornisson ofuiiother. Anno: 13 .ALR 301. One whose personal
¡nterects arc or may be affcctcl adversely. Anno: 74 AER I 22 (review orefusal to abste a lax.) One, within the meanin of the
1
statute governing appeals, who has an interest recognized by law n the subject matter which is injuriously affected by the judgment,
or jne whose property rights or personal interests are diect1y affected by the operation ofthcjudgrnent or decree. 4 Am JZd
A& E§
81
5. ARTICLE: Nouw A divisioo ofa constitution, statute. contraci. chartv. or ofany other written or priited staterient of principles.
(rTns or conJthms. A mdiriai or .cuhsiance, natnrai ulificial or manuftcturcd in wfinle or in part. Junge ' -ledden, 46 US 233. 23g,
36 L Ed 953, 956, 13 S Ct 8. The adjec1iv 'a" or 'an, known as the indefinite artch Verb: To bind by contract or agreemont. to
enter into a written contract containing several dantes or divisions.
6. ARTICLES OF TEJE PEACE: The complaint in a proceeding to compel a riersoi to eive bond to keep the peaee
7. ATTEMPT: Any overt act done with the intent to commit a crimc and which. but for the interference o' sorne cause preventing the
arrving ou otth- inont wrnrd have rsuhed in thc comrnisn ofthe crime
its
It consists oftwo important elements: firsL an intent to commit the crime: and second, a direct ineflectual act done towards
commission. 21 Am J2d Crim L § 110.
No dtinitc line can be drawn ttctwcen an 'attetupt and 'preparations to commit a crime: the question is one
ofdcgree, United
Stalesv Copina, (CA2 NY) Th5 F2d629. 28 ALR2d 1041.
& ATTEMPT TO COMMIT BURCLAR An act performed with the intent to effectuate a burgbrv. caied heyord mere prepara6on
ht liiii 1iort oftho acival oiiimtion oía hurlars. 13 Aro 32d l3uî-1 29.
.
9 BY DUE COURSE OF LAW: Ari o,en court aitd an available remedy under the law for aU lujuries or
16 Am J2d Const L §wgs.
354-
The infrinernentofa eaI b1onng o a definite cpeeific wrson. Kamm y FlinL 13 NJ!. 552. 17 A 62.99
1. %RONG: righl I
ALR I . In common usage. an act in violation ofa moral prirciple.

I I - FORGIVENESS: See condonIion; rcünei]iation.
tvith the cxocution ofiaw, vhieh
12. PARDON; Forie,ess. r1csc. or rirnissíon An act obi-ace procecdng horn th power efflrustd
the individuai on whom it it bestowed from the punishment 4h law inflicts fur a crime he has committed. 39 Am J I st Perd §
exempts
¿l-_ A declaratioi on record by the chefmagìstratc
ofa state or cauntiy that a person named is relieved from the legal consequences of
L Ed 1161 47 S Ci 664. 2 ALR 32; Lime y 3lagg, 345 Mo 1. 13 SW2CJ
583. 1
274 US 480. 71
a specific crime. l3iddlc Perovich.
si
A complett release from the control ofthc stare imposed because ofthc olThnsc. Re Anderson, 191 Or 49. 229 633. 230 E2d [d
770.
29ALR2d105]. 1071
an executive power. as usually exists. but a power within the control of the
I 3 PARDONING POWER: The power to grant pardons: il
he conferred by them upon such officer or officers as the-v fit. 39 Ani i ist Parti § 12.
ptUp]e and to
divorce ihict in theor rna)' be
CONDONABLE OFFENSE: act or series ofacts ofrniscondtct ccmstitutirig a grnund for
A sinEe
t 4.
considerate arid affectionate treatment mIght seive to obliterate 24 .12d Am
fDrgutten or forgiven, or a species ofrnisconduct which
Div & S 204.
wile ofher husband, oIa breach of
15_ CONDONATION; The forgiveness. either express or implied, by a husband ofitis wiIì, or by a
offense shd] tiot be repeated. 24 Am J2d Div 8e S § 204.
marital duty. with an mp1ied conditkn that the
oía clause in a will 1w eraser o
I6 OBUTERATION: Hotting ouuf1etters. words. or ti2iires on a written instrument. The rtTacing
.
inking. 57 Am Ist Wills

J 502.
Complete. It may be done by drawing a pen through the
The END may be aconiplished by any erasure which shall be partial or is done with
illcgibc, provided
that the words be rendered
it
words, or by burning or tearing, aiid it is not essential for obliteration
Re 6las' Estate. I 4 Colo App 377, fiü P 1 86
intent to cancel or revokc the instrument.
fliegal from the vcrj nature ofthe
17. MALA IN SE: Inherently wiekeL na(ura1y evil. as adjtidged by the sense ofa civilized community:
nature and injuriow in its eonsuences. without regard
transatión. upon principies ofnairiraL moral. and public law:
immoral ht its
Am i2d Crin L 2i. A wrong ino1vìng moral turpitude or
to the fact outs being noliced or punished by
thtaw ofthe state. 21 §
moraliut-pitude. DuVall y Board
delinquency. 1-lorrabiri y IDes Moines, 198 Iowa 549,
199 NW
98g, 3 ALR 54'1. Offenses involving
contracts njaI in se
ofMedical Exaniiners 49 Ari' 329. 66 P2d 1026. See
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CONTRACTS MALA IN SE: Coraets whc are absolut&y «d
bcaue the acts o be performei thereunder are immoral.
iniqLIiu)us ìnd contrary to a sound public policy, s well as in violation ifstatute. J 7 Am J2d Contr i 67.
I . CONTRACTS MALA PROHfflITt; Contracts which ir ri abthm al ¡nstanc the a be
themeuuder are prohibited by but ar voici or voidabic according to the uaturc and elThct ofthc act prohibited i 7 Am .J2d Contr
* 167. lt is to be noted. howcvr, that sühstantial authority supports the eiiminatkn fdistincton
based upon thcoric payin upon
the tcrms 'ina1a in s" and 'ma1a prohibila 17 An 32J Ctr f67.
20. P4ILICE N LAW Th intentional perfirmanç faii tct hannlùl to another withoutjust or Lawful cause or excuse. Brown y
Guaranty Estates Corp, 239 NC 595, D S2d 645, 40 ALR2d 1094. The intent unlawfully to take human life in eìes where th law
neither mitigates norjastiis th killing. Mann y State, 124 Ga 760, 53 SE 324. I'he wilful violation ofa known contract right. 30 Am
J Rev ed Interf 27. A wicked or ruiischie\ous intenfion a wanton indinatioiì to mischief an imtentiomi to do wrong or injury to
.inother; a Jeprvcd inclinitirni mo Wsrcgnrd the rights afomber. \4uracca y Item Co 126 a 426 $2 So 565. As n irgrdient of JihJ
or lanr;-a pruiiption ofniali.- arsinm frmrn thc us Ç ixain wnds iio mcsarily inoiisica with ai honsi or reiì
laudabi e purpose. implying neither i!1 will, personal mal ca. hatred. noi- a purpose to injure. 33 Am J J st L & S * I I t.
21. MAL[C1OLJS: Actuated by malice Wicked and perverse. Commonwealth 'i York. Ml Mass 93. Intenicnal in re1crince to the
commission of a wrongful act by one person toward another. without legal justificatoa or cxcuse 34 Am 1 st Ma 2. .1 S
r1ALfCOUSL' With harmfui motive and in wi'ful disregard ofthe rigit ofthers. 34 Am list Mal 2. For some purposes
the
22.
ewivaicnt ofwifulv and unIawfu1iv. Chapman y Commonweaith. 5 Wharion 427 27 Am J i st Indict 67.
'4ALIC!OUS MtSCRIfl: The wiltìil and unlawful injury to ordestruction ofthe property ofanothr with the malicious intent
to
21
utIity or matera]Iy dniinishes yalue: a malicious
injure th wner a malicious physical njuy to the rights cf another, which impairs
or mischievous physical ifljury. eithcrt the rights ofanother or to those ofthe public in general. 34 Am Jist Mal Mis 2. used in M
an insurance policy: willÙI or malicious physical rnjury to orclsimction ofthe insotd property; a recklcss disrcgnrd
ofthc owner's
rights in d1ibcrate injuring his property. General AccL Fire & Life Assur. Corp. vAzar. 103 Ga App 25. J J9 SE2d 2.
24. MALICtOUS P1OSECTTION A criminal proseutiun begun in malice, ithout probable cause tt believe it can sued.
and
Jlst Mal Pros 2. An action for damages brought by onc against whom a criminal prosecution, civil
finally ending in ti.iilurc. 34 Am §
suit, or other legai proceeding has been instituted mJicious1y and without probabie cause, after the !erninaiion
ofsueh pmsecution,
1OO4 34 Am Jtst
suit or other proceeding in favor ofthe detndant therein. Shedd y Pattcrsun. 302 111 355. 134 Ni 705, 26 ALR
Pros 2. An action forthe wrong ofinstilutiri a civil action without probable cause. cspcciall where there is in such action a
Mal
izure ofprnperís or of thc pe000 ifthc d.fendani nr otUr citaamstanees giving ripe lo special daiaagcs. 34 An .1 Ist MaJ Pius I O.
25 s1ALO Ai'I% 10: VLiI had ¡nient; with a wicked w- evi' heart
26. MALO SENSU: In a bad scase; with an evil or wicked mining.
fraud or collusion, as in
27. MALPRACTICE: The violation ofaprofessional duty to act with reasonable care aid in good faith without
ofa public accountait. i Am J2 Acin t 5 or a beautician. Ocean Acci & Guarantee Carp 'e Herzberg's Inc. <CM Neb)
the case
and ahIi1v ordinarily
loo F2d 171. By ami altornev at Iaw:-the failure to eerçise on behalfoihis client the knowledge. skill,
whrcv au actual lo is eausd th dient 7 Am .12d Attys 167 et
posscsd and eserccd 1w mrnber ofìh legal profession.
nr surgeon is nnvemabic to hi parient where it rcsu1s in injury tntie
seq. By phv5kian orsureon:-the wron Firwhich a physician by others of
degree oflearning. kil[, and experience which ordinarily is possessed
patient, consisting in the want ofthat reasonable
his profession, the omission to exercise reasonable care and diligence in the eaertion
oflis skill arid the application ofhis knowledge.
the caac entrustcd to him. 4 I Am J Ist Phys & S 79, 2. A cause ofaction predicated by
or bis failure to caen his bestjudgnìent iii
supported by soma cases on tIme theory oftiability under a
law on the relation whiçh exists botweeti physician and patient. although
eontnterimplkdbvia4tAmJlstPhvs& S 9.
the ur that tìcy rna aet on probabilìhs

2. PROBABILITY: Li4eI{hood. L'ut eoq,(edwith some uneemtointy. ofoecuffCnc. (O instrUCt ORnen.
that moral certaint',' required by law. People y
means simply that they may act on less than convincing e'idence, or wiThout
J 3) Cal i. 8, 62 P 297. 299, See in all probability.
with reasonable certamty. Coppinger y Broderick, 3 Aniz 473. 295 P

29. iN ALL PROBABILITY: hic hitiest degree o[prohability;
ALR 419.
7XOE St
in'ohin elernem ofuncertainty. Green Caacaba Power Co. ?5 SC 102. 5 S 12S. With a
:o. PROBARLE: Likely to occur, bui ari
greater weibt ofevidence ¡ri

y
support than against. State Trout, 74 Iowa 545 38NW 405.
3 PROBARLE CAUSE FOR SThTEMEr4T OTHERWISE TORTIGUS AS FEF.&MAEORY: A measonable ground of suspiçion
ei the basis oía
1 .
cautious man in believing in the IruIb ofihe statement pleaded

supported by circurtistaaces sufficient to warrant a
4 Pa Super 251 257.
cnus otac1ion fr deThmation. Contes y Wallace,
oud naine or rcputaúoo ofwiother person. or
32. DEFAMAT1O Libel or under. lite pubiicaticin ofanvthiag thiclj is injurious o the
which tends te bring hirn into disrepute. 1-lollenheck y HalL
I 03 Iowa 21 4. 72 NW5 1 8. Words wFiih produce any perceptible injury
likely to bring another in disrepute. Mosriat Snyden 105 Iowa 500, 504. 7 35e. NW
to the reputation ofanother. afalse publication
y Hail. 103 Iowa 214. '72 NW
5I A publication s
33_ DEFAMATORY: Slanderous. libelous: injurious t reputation. l-loltcnbcck tO expoc him to hatred. ridicule. and contempt.
Muclinick
npulation in th< community and
defamnatory' when t tends to injure one's
ass 304. ?25 Vi2d 137. 51 ALR2d 547.
V Posi Pubiibing Co. 332
is libelous or disparaging ola produeL

3 Am
J2d AdvCrtg § 2.
:14. UfFÀ11ATORY ADVERTISING: An dvertjsernent which
an estate held by the Church of Rome in feudal
tenure.
35. BENEFJCE; A ehorth living or preferment. In feudal times, ufequily: a
reliefdemanded is such a is granted by a court
3t. BILL N EQUITY: The declaration or complaint ofihe plainiffwherethe the claim for reIií is based. 27 Am .12d Lq § 79. I
rc[iefaddressd to a court of equity

which states the fads on which
petitioli for
Page 2 of 18
37_ BILL OBUG4TORY A bond without a condition: differing from a promissory ncte in nöthinx but the aI which i affixed to it
Farmers' & Mecharics Bank & Orener (Pa) 2 Scrg & R i 14, 115. Oftcn called a single biL A writteti acknowledgment of
indcbedness in a certain sum to be paid on a certain day, and hiving a seal affixed io L Osborne & Co. y llubbanL 20 Or 3 , 25 P 1
I 021.
3& BELL 1W ADVOCATON: (Scotah.) A peUtion pravir th Supreme Court to tnmsfer o iiselfa cause penthag i alower court.
39. BiLL OF PLACE: A bill tiled to procurc rcoose from rcpcated titgalicr and one ofthc earlicst ins!ancc in which chanccy courts
cntcriaincd jnridiction on th ground oprevenhing a muRiplicitv of suils 9 Am Ji st Iq § SI.
4. lULL TO kE1OVF CLOUD ON ÌTULE: Set c'oud on tillt.
41. 1ND: To crte a detiniLe legai obligation upon one's srlforupon wu,ther. Such an obligation may be created by coiitract. by statute,
by common law. by ajudgmcnt or decree. by the act ofan agent, wife, child. etc.
42. BREACH OF PEACE: Such a violation ftht public order as amounts to a disturbance ofthe public traiiqui1iv. by act or conduct
either directly having this effect. &r by inciting or tcnding to mcitc such a disturbmcc ofihe public tranquility. 12 Am ]2d Ircach P
4,
43. CITIZEN: One who has acquired eitizenshp by birth, naturaIi2aton, or other lawful metrns; in a popular but nonetheless appropriate
sense ofthe term, oiie who by birth, naturalization, or other means, a member ofan independent political society. 3 Am .J2d Aliens
i
I.
44_ CONSTITUTION: A svsicm offiindamcntal Jaws or principles lòr the govemnient cía 'latino, state. socicy. corporation. or other
aggrgaon ofiuth;iduai. 16 m J2d ConsiL i.
'ithoLIgh a eisitui, the broad ene ofth terni. m be ritten ruIiwritIeii. in tia Uirhtd States.. tIu nord s ppled o
organization ofthe federal and stave governments, always implies a writing. 16 Ani J24 Coast L I.
"A written constitution is not only the direct and bask eprssion ofthe sovereign will, u is the absolute rule ofaction nd decision
for all dcpartmcnls and offices ofgovenìment in respect Lo oli matters cowered by it, and must control a t is written until it shall he
changed by the authority that etnbIished iL' Wright y Hart, i 82 NY 330, 7 NE 404.
A consiìiution dI1ers from a satuLe in that a stawtc musi provik at least to a certain dcgrec. Uit details ofth subject ofwhich it
treats. wh'-as a CinstitLfliOn cuaIy iaas gcner.l principles and builds th& suhstanti2i foundation and cnera 1nimcwcrk ofthe law
and overnînent. 16 Am Pd Conat L 3
45 CONSTITUTIONAL R1GHT A Right guaranteed to a person by the Constiurion ofthe United States or a siate constitution. and
so guaranteed as to prtvent legislative interfererwe with that right. 16 Am J2d Coma L 328.
46, CORPORATE ClTZNSHlP: ('it.izenship n1Ùihuta to a rpoion for some ßpeife purpcs such as the obtiing ofa liquor
license. 30 Am J Rev ed Intox L 126:
A corpomLion ofti slate is a "citizen ot'Lhe United Staes within the meaning of'thc Act ofCongrcss providìn tbr the adjudication
ut.'
eainis OtjiCl15 )rtht Unie States for property taken or destroyed t fndiaiis. United Slates y Northwestern Express. Sage &
Trans1.Co,lMUS(p#64l l.td59,l7SCt2%.
CORPORATION: An ARTOELCIAL bein2, invisible. intanible,jnd existing only in contemplation oflw; m association
47,
of
a franchise to become an ificia1urdica1 person, with a name of'its own. under which
persons to whom the sovereign has offered
they can act and contraict and soc and he sued. and who have either accepted Ihe oflr and eWxted a corporation
iO substantial
dejure has been comaitutcd) or have done acts indicating a purpose to accept
uonRjrinitv with ils tenn (in which case a corporation
efÍcted oaanization dcsiand to be. bui, in fact not. in substantial conformity with its Écrins (in v.ihich casc a
such offir and ai-
.tatLaC. tile erin
crporatioit De Jure De Facto lias heim constituted!. 18 \in J2LI Corp I For or1îe purposes. a hi a venue
.
unincorporatc1 associations or at least special forms ofLhem, such asjoint stock companies. 56 Am list Ven *
"comoration" includes
7. For the purposes ofthe Federal income tag, the term "corporation" includes
associations, joint-stock companies, and insurance
companies. 33 Am J2d Fed Ta ¶ 20O5 As defined by the t3anknptey Act the term 'corporation includes all bodies having any of
includes partnershp
the powers and privileges ofprhate corporations not possessed by individuals o partnership and further
utsiations organized uniJcrlaws making iba capital substrihed aloneresponsibte for the debts ofthe aaciation.joint stock
companies, unincorporated companies and associations. and any business conducted by a trust
or trustees wherein beneficial
wrìttcn instrument. J3ankr Act 1(8): t i USC * l8). l3usiness trusts have
intcrest or ownership is evidenced by certificate or other §
to subject to statutory regulations ofcorporations and to provisions aimed primarily at corporations. Hernph ill
frequently be held bc
V OrlofF 277 US 537 72 L Ed 97g. 4 S Ct 577.
or dcl'ecthcly executed deed in the chain of
4t. CLOUD ON TITLE: An oulstandin instrument. record. claim unreleased encumbrance,
titt which sitperlicialiy renders Th lilie doubirul but is actuall illegal or unnforceaha fr want ofequit in enforcement and of
\tLieh eqoiy will lake cogn7ance n a stit for canceintion ft1i offending instrument
orthu quie1mn ofrhe titit against the defect or
imperfection. 13 Am J2d Cane Inst * 50; 44 Am JIst Quiet T * I I: a semblance of'title. either legal orequitable, or a claim ofaright
in lands, appearing in some [egal forni. hut which is, in fact. invalid, or which it would be inequitable Io enforce. 44 Am J ist Quiet T
* 'J.
valid. is in lbct invalid. 44 Am Jlst
49. REMOVABLE CLOUD ON TITLE: A cloud on the title to property which. although apparcutly
QLiietT* U.
in one person: the eoncurrcnce ot'two
50. CONFUSION OF RiGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS: A merger ofth oblìaor and the obtigee
same person; the concurrence ofthe character ofthe sole debtor and this sole creditor
adverse rights to the sarao thing in one and the
in thc same persOn thereby extih!gihe debt Woods Ridley, 30 Teno l I Huniphj 195. 19t.1
payable. The
5 E . OBLtGEE: A promisee. The person to whom an obligation has been incurred. The person to whoni a bond is made
person entitled to enforce a guaranty. 24 Am Jist Guar § 3OE
Page 3oflS
Within the rïieafliflg al' the Urifocni Reciprocal Enfrcernent of Support Act-any person to wham a duty of support is owed.
including a state or politica] subdivision. Uniform Reciprocal Enforcement of Support Act 2(h).
52. OBLIGOR! A prnmisor. One who has ißcurred an obligation to another The persirn, natunil ot liable on a bond. Withinartificiale
the m&njn ofthe Unifon Reciproca] Enforcement ofSupporl Act;-any person owing a dots' ofsujport. Uniform Rtcipcoca1
Enforecmciit ol' Sprc'rt ct 2g)
53. DISSOLUT[ON; The eparatio oa
thiHg into its component parts; a breaking up.
4. DESSOL1JTJON BOND: A bond given by the defendani in an action in which property ha been attached, for the purpoc of obtaining
an entire disokition ofthe attachment. the condition ofthc bond being that the defendant will perfonn or saisfr whaever judgment
is obtained agailist him ¿n t}s action. 6 lun J2d Attach § 523.
MSsOL(TTIo' OF ATTACHMENT OR GARNISHMENT: Theteinio fan attathnt or gmbhm po thehacning

55 .
the levy. upen the entry or receipt ofsecurity. or as the result &f somc ìcL or proceeding taken
of certain events or contiigencie after
for the express purpose ofdcfcating or nuIlifing the attachment or garithhmcat. There is a distinction hetween the "dissolution' ofen
attachment and the quashing of a Iey in a proper case a levy may be sei askl and the writ ofattachment taricl. 6 Am J2d Attach
408.
56 IISSOLUT(ON OF CORPORATION: The L«mination oíthe exscence ofUo xwçonition end ts uttcr nttinctìon and ohiteriìtion u
an entìtvorbodv 19 Am22d Corp § 151b.
57. DISSOLVE; To effect a dissolvtiori; as to dissolve a partnership or a corporatioa
5g. DIVERSITY OF PERSON A plea interposed after ajudgment ofcoviction denying the idenifty ofthe prisoner with that of tue
convicted ddendimL
59. DQMESTEC Adjective: BçIooirig to the bouchatd or honw: inhabiting the house. Thurston y Carur. i 12 Mc 3J, 92 A 295. Local
ut ditingtished from thrdgn.

60. »O4ESTIC CITEZENSEUP: Citizenship ofa state as distinguished from citizenship ofthe United States. Dred Scott y Sanford (US)
19 I-tow 393, 15 L Et 691. This case was decided in 1857. The Fourteenth Amendaient declaring citizens ofthc United
States to be
citizcn of the State whciin they reside." was adopted iii 86& I
61 . FINAL: Conclutie: trminoing controversy. douhi or drspule: theItIUL ultimate. or LAST. Saylor y Duc]. 236 111 429. G NE
till
terminated,
62. FINAL SUBMISSiON: A.s the ending ofihe period within which a case may he dismissed. or otherwise volntariJy
moment when the cowl directs thejury in charge ofan officer for their consideration of
withoìt prejudice:-n ajury casc the to retire
without ajwy.
th ease. or tc enter upon consideration ofthe case withont retfrmn. 24 Am J2d Dism 33; in a trial beíbre the court
the case under advisement. the cvidrtce having been prcsented. the arguments made, and the briefs
(he moment when the court takes
fi'ed. 24 Aíu J2d Dsm 34.
oídecliratinn. otiera h way ofimlicci rcpress provision. rnd some
1,1 iflAMFNTAL IAW Thosc protip]e. stnne in tli ìwm
in the form ofgiant, deemed supposed to be limitations essentaI to conserve human
liberty, security. equauity and happiness. and not
calculated arouse the higtestjudmcnt anti the most efficicnL deliberate, and considered
to be subject to change exccp in a way to
choice. State ex rei. Mueller vThempson. 149 Wis48& 137NW 20.

to be forfeited by the
64. FUNDAMENTAL RItHTS AND PRIVILEGES: life. liherty and property. except as such may be declared
)uthìment ofntfs peers ofthe law ofthe land the iithercnL rigbLs commo to ait cithens. t6 Am S2LI Const L § 32& Freedom of
not required by
relgion freedom ofpeech and press. dc process. etc. lndiiduai rights irnmitah!e against dl 1ostik egisiaion
considerations ofpublie health or safety. National Mut. Íns. Co y Tidewater Transfer Co. 337 US
52, 93 L Ed 1556, 69 S Ct I i 73.
Sec bill of rights.

Conger Pierce County. 6 Wash 27.
The preservation offündaniental rights by principle is primarily an Anglo-American concept.
i L i
198P377, I8ALR 393.

or compensation therefr anything siven or
65 GIFT: A voluntary Iraiislbr of property by one to another without any consideration
hcsuwd. or any çiece ofproperty volunterily transferred by one peraon to another.
24 Am usi Gifts § 2.
race ofme found in the United States.

66 11DIAN TL{IBE; A sepiratc aid distinct iominunity OR body othe aborigizial Indian
ofgoveiment and, soverei2n, under the
2 Such a tribe, situated within the boundaries fa state, and exercising the pnwe
but it s not
national goveruflient, is deemed politically a State: that aditinct pIiticaIsuciety, capable ofselr-overnment;
is.
nation. Such a tribe may properly b deemed

deemed a Ibroigri stale. in the sense ofthe constitution. It la rather a domestic dependent
to th United States resembles thatofaward to a guarthan 5 Pet R. i6. 17: 20 John. R. 193;
in astat- oøiwi_e and its relation 1
3 Kent, COFr. 3O (o3t: Snrv oo ConsL lfl6 4 Hu. s. 567 Mc1n. 2M; 6 Hill. 546: Ala. F. 'iR.
i ; I
Ó7. INDiANS: Thc aborigines ofthis country are so caJied.

votc at the generai elections for olTicers. nor hold
2. In general. Tndians have no political rights in the United States; they cannot
government and entitled ro its
office. In Nets' York they are considered as citizens and not as aliens. owing allegiance to the
Cherokee nation in Georgia was a distinct community. 6 Pct. 51 5. See 8
protectiorL 20 John. 188, 633. lu itwas ruled that the
('owen, l: 9 %VheaL fi73: 14 John. I S L.
I
332 3 John. 50b.
1
nr apmnon. ¿nno: 23 A R 10.

r8. INHERrNT: Au iscprihlc quifty or pari oía ihingor a person; intrinsic to a thiti
jurisdiction to the court, riot by a grant of
69. INHERENT URISlMCT1ON: The ofa court existing ttnder a grant of general
jurisdiction
jurisdiction f'or a specific purpose. Kelly y Conner, 22 Tccin 3 39, 1 23 SW 622.

I
Pge4of IS
70. INHERENT POWER Th doctrirte that th fcderal govrnmni ha sovereign nd inherent powers in addition to Ihe pwcrs given to
it express'y or mpIiedty by the UÏtd States Constitution; a docrìnc reisd recognition as aw by the Uiif States Snprrne Cowl.
Kansas y Coioracto, 206 US 46. 51 L Ed 956. 27 S Ct 655.
71 . ItHIRENT POWER OF COURT: A power essenhia to the very exiscnce nithe enurt ot its ability o function In dspensiiig
ju-e: the power to ptinsh couternpt. I 7 Am 12d Cntpt 52: te pover to grant eontnuarice ri the irLLcres fjutice. Sate whh rd.
Buck MdTabe 111) Ohio Si 535. 23 ()ho Ups 552. 45 NE2d 763. A power nduded ithr thc seo ota cmr1s uridiction
a court possesses in-espective ofspccific grant by constitution or 1eîsation a power whk can neither he taken away nor abrkiged
by The 1is1ature. State ex re] Ricco y F3gs, 198 Or 4 13, 255 P2d 1055. 38 ALR2d 720.
72. INHERENT RIGHT: A term denoting the finictional charactet ofrights ofmembers ofa community in n unorganized stale. State cx
reL MeGraci y PheLps. 144 Wis 1. 12 NW 1041. See fundamenthl rights and prâ%ihg.
73 tNSULA: An i!ar: a detacbtd hiiding: huiJding kt t ro ce p&'r hirniJie
74. INSULA: Latin. An island. in the Roman law the word is appIid tó a house not connected with other houses, but separated by a
SWTOUfldiflJ spae ofground Calvini Lex: Vkat. Vocab. ad yac.
75. iNSULAR COURTS: Courts established by Congress and invested withjurisdiction to he exercscd in insuar posaesaloas of the
Utiitd Statet
76. CONFUSION OF RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS: A merger ofthe oblìirnr and the obligee in one pcson: [he concurrence of two
adverse rights o the same thrng in one and the saine per'on: the concurrence ofti-ic characici- ofthe sole debtor and the sok eredtor
in th nc pcsoo ts'
..v tNnuihii th dfbt WOd .. y 1idkv. 0 Tcsm f1 flnrnph) 195. 198.
77 UNLAWFULLY INSULATED To SEPARATE two Lawful persons frani beingabLe to use each other: therefore used to prevent
the lawfil pas'agc or transfer of monetary encrsy om one body source o the other thercb fören the Crdimr k us mn 1JnawfuJ
.&t 1ni a[trna. montar ncrgv to xit. (The o1awin actions rc tsed to crcaan untrwfis Mcrnbsp
1-zc OF
Corpora[iot a aì ipsu!ar posssim "cr UrrlafuI Aecurnu/aelon" for the bcliigercnt UNITED STATES and STATE
bockadc and controithe Crcdiioi-, while sin the Debtor as
Corporations [ Independent Po1iticaISiciy] to commercially
c(ii4!er{ ud a fa".ing ba br ihir c&prae icfiis) un
78. COMMkRCIAL BLOCKÀLW: An instrumentality of naval warßrc by which the forces afane bcIIierent interdict commerce
effectively to
heLwecn the other belligerent and neutral nations 1w inveating the ports ofthe other bdlicrent with such forces as
parnt ogrcsz and esicc 5 Am Jtst War 7L
7. uNLAWFUL Aft INITIO: Unlawful from the beinnin2. In cases oftota divorce. the marriage is cc]ared nulL as having been
the wcUhre of
absokitek anL w fut ab initio frorn the bcgnning) and the parties are therefore separated pro salute ariftoarum fur
tìersou. Sec BiComo' 440. See tresp bktk.
being that where un
go. TRESPASS AB INITIO: A trespass from the bcinning. A trespass by cetnispcctîvc operation, the principle
may be j ustificd. an abuse of
ently. auhûrity. or 'icense is conferred by law under which conduct otherwise constituting a trespass
privge rnJ render the act done in xces ofaiihority. treapass froto tJi bginnin Ihnt is. from the
such aut]na-iry wifl deLra the
dmeafthcer 2Am3IstTresp19.
UNLAWFUL ACCUMULATION: An aceumu1atitn oían estate in violation ofthe rule against
perpcLute or unlawful
SL
erptuities or vioLation oftitu1cs comparable to the
necnmulatiun M ucumulaîiun ofan estate in vioLation ofthe tuk atainst in
Tielluson 4ct ofEnkwd. 4 1 Am .1 st Perp 44.
¡n the law oíropercy. a limitation f
2. PERPETUITY: Literally, something that lasts forever. In an artIiciaIsense ofthe term, at used &r by way ofremainder, of
A. limitation. whether executory
a contingent thture interest in viokttion of the rule against perpeluWes.
vest within, the period fixed and
either i-caL or personal property. wbich i not to vest until after expiration ut or will not neccssìriIy
detructbk by persons fbr the time beìrg entitled to
preseribed by law for the creation of tiittirc cscates nd intcrests, and which is not An Jist
concurrence ofthe indivklual irticrested ander thai timitation 41
the property subject Lo the future limitation, except withlhe
Pei-p 7. See ru'e against ierpetuíte.
or estates which h possibility may nut
83. RULE AGAINST PERPETUETIES: The rule whic!i prohibits the ceaTiori of future interests date ofthc nstrcimerit creatog Che future
or lives in being at the time ofthc testator's death
or the effective
hacome vc:tei çithin Eiti
neccsar io co'cr
thereafter. together ith the period otestaton hen tho itsetutnì ofthe laner is
ifflrest.and tetlty-oI10 car
cases of posthumous biilh. 4 1 Am JI st Perp 3.
settling properly by deed or will o that the renta

84. THELLI)SSON ACT; An Englisk statute by which all persons are prohibited from or 2 years after hi deoth. or derrng
than thc tife ofthe ictttor.
be wholly or partially aecìrnulated Ibi a kinger term
1
and profits shall

nhinorilies unI) of
minoriy ola person orpersons !ìing at the iim fthc death ofihe actUar, o &!ring the minority or respctie
111, Ch 9& 41
tile
enlitled under the scnleinenl. Act cf39 ¡nd 40 Geo
a person or persons who, ifof full age, voud have been absolutely
Am J Ist Pecp 44.
rights by anoiher or to the standards of candad furnished
by the
85. UNJUST: Contrary to right andjusticc. or IO the enjoyment ofhis
Jaws
that ia th reccn rind reicotion of
8. 1NJJST NR1CHMiÏ ctrcumsnnees %iJicii ghe nac to the obtiguion ofrcaiuitioo.
r flic
equity belong to anothor. Herrmann y Gleason (CA6 Mich) 126 F2d 936; Straube y
pro2ert'v, money, or benefits which in justice and
Bowling crrecn Gas Co. 360 Mo 132. 227 SW2d 666. 18 ALR2d 1335. Sec restitution.
enrichment of
to a person ofthat been wrongly dcprived. Reliefagainsi the unjust
ofwhich he lins
7. ft1STTUT1ON: The resloration pay money under a.tudnlcnt silice reversed. Am
the expanse ofaother. Relkffor one
who has been compelled to
&
one person at smce ievraca. 5 i2d A Am
J2d t & E 99 et seq. Iie resloration oFppeny afwhích one ta beco deprived uadcrajoOmem
Page 5 of IB
E § IOO& The ordinary form ofjudmcnt for the plaintiffin an action for forcibic eiuy nd detainer, awarding restitution of the
prnMses to him, with costs. 22 Am Jist Fare E & D * 48. In the modem sense ofthe term, compnsalion, rembursement
¡iidemnification or reparation for benfits derived from, or for loss or njuty caused o another. Hoiloway y Peoples Water Co TOO
Kaii 414, 167 P 265. 2 ALR 16L
lg_ RCSTORÄTION RtiLE Ihe tek that the phitiffth an action for i injury io hi reat property is erittled oì recor the cosc of
rpaiñg th real cstat o to rstor IT to its condition irnrncdiaiel prior to th injwy. Cattin Omaha. 49 Ncb 434. 31 NW2d
300.
9. RESTORATOi'i OF' RfCORD: The reslodog ofa lost ordestroved public rccord throah proccdurc prescribcd by sltitula. 34 Am
usi Lt Papers fZ' 27 eq. Th np1acment faudieizt eird wNh hs been kt.
t oco. or &strcyet, also the replacement tn
ts orignaJ conilition ofa judkial record Improperly Altered. 20 Am J2d Cts (,3.
90. IMPROPERLY: Acting in raanncr which i uiuitthIe. irntiftin, or wron especially in retèrcnca to the time. piace. and
Circumsance t connection vith the conduct oía person. acting in a manner much different from thai which a atan ofrdinaiy an
reasonable care and pnidence would hwe followed under the ciîcumstances oíthe ease. Caimes Hiliman Drug Co. 214 Ala 545. r
547. W So 362.
9 . iLTERATTON: A chanc fa thing from one form or stalc to another-that is. naking a thing differcnt from what t as but withoot
&slroying its ìdcnTity. 4 Am .J2d AR oflnst 1.
92. ALTERATLON OF INSTRUMENT: A change in the sense or liinguage ofthc instrument affected by au intentionaL act performed on
the instrument by a party entitled to the instrument.
In Ehe legal sense ot the term "alteration of instrument' it does not inc lude an act performed on the instru meni by a strangcr thereof. 4
AinJ2dAltoflnst I.
Iii order to contiIute a forgery. an alLration m.c* h suçh s.c to make thc iusnimen peak i Iaiiaagc different in legai ctìbct frøm
that which i origina1i spoki. or wlikb tarries with ft im hanz in the rhhts. interest, or obIìaions of the prties to thc
wíiting. 23 Am J2d 63 Fors 6.
93 FORGERY: A criminal offense at common law and under statutes defining the term variously. 36 Am J2d Forg * Essentially, the .
Íàlse making maleriaLalteration, with intent t defraud. or, under some statutes. intent to injure. (Green y Stae(Fia) 76 So 2d
(tL
645, 49 AE,R2d 47). ofariy writing which. ifgenuine, might apparcnty be oflcgal etuicacv rthe foundition oíaegal Iabihty. 36
AmJ2dForo. 1.
94. ILLEtAL BRANDING: The statutory offense of branding or marking cattle without the consent oftlic owri&, and with inItt To
defrIEId. State y Hall, 27 Tes 333. The misbr9ildin? of a product for the purnos of deceiving Ehe public. 56 Am Jist Wts & L §
64.
95. 1NTLNT TO DEFRAUth An intent to commit a fraud. The words as used in a statute making i an offense to pretend to be an officer
or emptoyce tcting under the authoríly ofthe United Stalc5.. do not require more than that the person charged 'ias. w artifice and
jeceif, øuht to C3U5C IiC dece,vcil peoon to foTlow some course Tic would cat
have puroed bui. ir the deceitful conduct UniwI
96.
States Lepawitch,
INFRINGEMENT: A viohition of a jt
318 US 702, 7 L Ed 109f, 63 S Ct 914
or privilege; an encroachment.
NFR!NGEMENT OF NAME: The adoption by a corporation ofa name so similar to that ofanother corporaTion. associaTion,
or lirni
97.
a5 WilT realt in con fusion or dcceptin. Ti Am J2d Corp S I 56.
esereie of
INFRTNGtMENT O TR&flEAME Stich a colorable imitation ofa trdenanic That the gcnera pub1iv in the
uame ofthe one first aropri2tin2 it. 52 Am Jist Trdcni §

.
127 et seq
reasonable care. might think that is it the
99. ILLEGAL CONTRACT: An agreement contrary to law, morality. or publIc policy. 17 Am J2d Conir l5. A contract founded upon
in fraud, or in contravention of the provìsons
a consideraliori conirtirs' to good morals. agawsL the principles ofsound public policy.
oFsome statute. Goodrich y Tenney. 144 lU 422. 33 NE 44; Ovitt y Smith. 68 Vt 35. 33 A 769. Precisely. an agreement, the luteritof
dccisioa, or the recoized rights of others so as
which coniJicla with a statuie a well-clarified rule ofthe law set 1.iEtII wjudicia
the sifet' or morals ot'oihcr citizens. Win. Lindeke land Cc. y Kalman.
190
to threaten the !i1. disturb or edner
MinnóOI,252NW650.93 ALR 1393.
enjoyment ofthe right, property.
100. RESTORATIVE REMEDIES: Those remedies in equity by which the plaintiffis restored to the full
and enjoyment have been hindered. rntci-fered with precented. or withheld by the
or estata to which he ìs entitled. bat which use
Tongdoer. See I Ponieroy's EquiNi Jurisprudcn I 12.
an oEa lawful ar or of
101. UNLAWFIJL BLLIJÇERENT An eniauv noi entitled io the protection ofthe laws ofwai. because ofTìe
tIte violation by it afthe Laws ofwar. 56 Am Jist War § 3 et seq.
or detention ofreal property after the acquisition ofa peacablc and atul, but
102. 1JNLAW1UL DFTA1NER: The unlawful withholding
35 Am J2d Fore E & D 32.
unia;vful, possession.
A trcpas. A coing upon the prope1y ofanother wTttiouL right or authority. As an

element of hurIary. the
103. UNlAWFUL !NTRY
body lut the
Anno: 23 ALR 289 3 Am .12d Rurgl
purpose ofcommitting a felony upon the premises.
I
intmion o any part of the

i Q.
uItingfrom the law. or the words
Q4. iMPLICATiON: Something impled. The evident consequence, or sonic aecessazy consequence
the contexL the intention ofthe person usingtheni. ave all to be
ofen instrument, in th constructirni ofwhich the words. the subject
12 Pet 657. 723. 9 L Ed 1233, 1260. The matter ofbeing involved, as in a crime.
taken iuto view. Rhode Island y Massachusttts (US)
that which s intended although not stated cxprssly. Understood.
Su2sed.
105. IMPLIED: Aicep1ed as
Page 6 of 18
U)6. IMPLWD ACCEPTANCE An acceptance understood from acts and cirpumstarìces where not cxprcss1 stated. The acceptance of au
offer impd from acis or conduct, ndudhìg pertbrmance by the ofTerec ofhis deriakin. CoJe-Mclntyre-Norflcct Cö. Holloway.
141 Tenu 679 214 SW 8 17. 7 ALR 1683. Duquesne Lumber Co. y Kcy.cone Mfg. Co. 90 W Va 67. i 12 SE 219. An accpnee of
au offer ofdcdicaüon 1hrot,h positive eonduct on the part ofthe authorizeò public officers evincing their consent
on behaiofthe
pubIc. B!owhg ftock y Greoie. 243 NC 3M. 9Q SE2d S9& Henry Ionic Petrokum Co. (Oka) 39f P2d 792. An eptancc of a
ked ipiid ivtrt the inzcrnùi i xcpt is rnanfcstc by cdvc such thoi ofrotaning pscssûn fthc d*cd. cnv.yiig th
property. or olherisc exercisn tIi right. oían owner. provided he mntec had, i the timo he actcd, knowledge ofthe con'eyaiice.
23 Am )2d Deeds !2& The accepince ofa gift operating eutreh' io the benekit ofthe donee. 24 Am Jist Gifts 17. Ofa drnft or
bill ofexcIaige -art accepthnce by the drawee implied from cireumstances such as his rctenon or destruction ofthc instrument, I
Am .J2d 3 & N . 509; a concept at variance with the provision oIth Uniform Commercial Cok that the signed engagement of the
ccpormusth Ti11Cn on the hi1 ordraL II ArnJ2d B& N .5JO. 1588henefl ofth douce. 24 Am Jist fulls U7. Ofa draft
or bi ofxchanc -aa axoptance by Thc drawc imp1id from thcvmtanccs nch & - dcirucir fhc insiruncrn.
i I An 2d B & N 5fj9 a concept at arianee with the provisien orthe Uniform Commercial Code that the signed enagernent of the
acceptor must be wrttcfl on the bill or draft. I .km J2d 13 & N 4 5 Ø.
107. LMPLflfD ASS1GNr4ENT: An assignment by operatou oflaw. forexample. thc passiu ofa decedent's personal assets to the
executor or adminstra1orofhis esLatc. 6Am J2d Assign 2,
to& 1MPUED BANKER'S LIEN: A Iiei ola bank For the bIance ówin upon a enera account upon the securities ofthe cuomer or
depotor in the possession ofthe bank, irnptied from the isages ofthe banking business or the law merchant. IO Ani J2d ßanks §
660.
109. IMPLIED REQUEST OR DEVISE: A bequest ordevise irrfcîrcd from expressions in a wiliraised foth purpose cjfarrving 'dut
\hat the testator appears on the whole o ha really meant, btìt failed to express as distinctly as he should have &nc. 01-learn y
OHearn. I 14 Wis 42& 90 NW 450.
I W. J{%IPLIED ßIAS: Presumed bias; hia which is supposed to xìst ori account ofthe reIaion which thejuror
bears either to the cause or
to sorne ofthe partic thereto. 3 Am J Rev ed Jury 171.
I J. IMPLIED COERCION: Existing where a person s induced to do an act contraxy to his will in consequence ofhis legal subjection to
another. Fluharly y Etuharty. 3 Dd 487. 193 A 38.
2. IMPLIED CONSTFTUTONAL PROViSION: A conditiort impIk n a conslitutiwt whetbc the ConsLtn ofthe
i
Luitd States
olthc onjudicial inspection thcreof 16 Am J2d
ora state corstittiön, beeue deemed wîthîn the meaning and inteuìon constitution
COnSL L § 72
MFLIED CONTRACT: A coutract inferred from the conduct ofthc parties. although not expreased in words. Corriveau Jenkins
y
i D.
BTOS. 144 Coon 38J 132 A2d 67. Implied in 1äct:---u real çontract bu one inferred from the
circumstaice, the conduct. or
rda[ion ofth panic:;, rather iban from their spoken words. Gicason y Salt La!e Cii 94 Uiah I. 73 P2i 225. A untruet to pay tIle
reaarnah1c value ofservice ,crforrued 1w one person foranother, wbcre there is no eqres agreement as ta eipenaLio. ut
undcrstandin by the
tI.e cifcvmtanccs. par1eu1ady the conduct ofthe person for whom the work was done. is sach as Eojustit an
person performing the work that the former intended to pay for it. Anno: 54 ALR 549: 58 Am flst Wk & L § 3. Implied in Iaw:-a
unjust enrichment. 5 Am J1t
q2asi orconstruetive Contract implied by law on the grounds ofjus!ice and eqliily, usually to prevent
Wk & L § 2. implled contract. A contraç
inferred from the conclucL ofthe parties. although not expressed in words. Corrivean y
Jenkìts 3ros. 144 Coon 383. 132 A2d 67. Implied in fct;-a real contract but one tnferred from the circumstances the conduct. acts,
rhcir pL)k1T1 %ords. Gleason s Salt 1.ake Civ 94 tah 1. 74 P2d 1225. À entrac1 o pa
or rc1aion oÍEi parties. atbLTthan from
the reasonable vajue ofservices performed by one person for another, where there is no express agreement as to the compensation,
forwrhom the work was donc. is such as tojustu1.' an understanding by
but the circumstances. particularly the condliL ofthe person
crtbnning tha vork thai the fonncT intended to pay for it. Anno: 54 ALR S49 5I Am Jls Wk & L § 3. Implied in law:-a
the person
(lijas1 OF COOStFUCtiVC COfltÍIC1 implied by aw on the grounds ofjutìce and equity. usually
to prevent unjust enrichment. 5X Ato J1t
Wk& 1. * 2.
o'the owner nl' [nod
I t4. MPLUÜ DEDICATÍON An acquiescence by the owrac ofkind in apubhc uc iherot acts or n'4uct
maiiifesting ali intent to devote the property to public use. 23 Am J2d Ded § 1.
not uiy compruing real postesion
11. IMPLJED UELIVERY: A costrtctiv delivery to bailee. meaning all those acts which. although including. in this sense. symbolical or
(3f the goods &ransfcffcd, has beco held, by legal consLruction,
equivalent to aCtuar e1iVery,
aubstitted dc1ier. Am J2d Baum § 55.
toes not gie way or SUIMBiL See
i I.iMPLiED FORCE: The employment ofsxdsor eonJuct to put another Ill fearofbdUy harm ifhe
35 Am .J2d Porc & D § 5K.
I
I 17. IMPLIED POWERS: The powirs necessary to cffectuate the powers expressly conferred.
Re Munger., 168 Iowa 372, 150 NW 447
(powers ofcxecutor or admthisb'ator). Sometimes in looSe usage referred to as inbercnt powers. Re Bennan 245 NC 612.
io. or serve to promoic or 1eneIit,
SE2d 232. The powers ofa public officer which, a1thòh incidental arid collateral. are geimanc
purposes ofthc office. Moore y Nation. 80 Ktm 672. 03 P 07. Federa' powers under an [ruptiei
the aceonp1ishment ofthc priiicipai
1
1w?. The powcrs ofa corporation efltiia(c the poweo expressly

trdn1 in the iJnied States Consfitiniun. 114 Am J2d Coust L
1.0
which the corporation was formed, except as the particular act s prohibited by law or by
granted and to accomplish thc pwpose for
the charter. 19 Am J2d. Corp § 953.
expressly granted and t» accomplish the purposes of
The implied powers which a ctrporatiou has in ordcr to carry nt effct those
these purposes, but comprise ali that are necessary. in
the creation ofthe corporation arc not limited Lo such as arc indispensable or
choice ofmeans to be cmp]oyed. 19 Am J2t1 Corp § 953. See
thcscnse ofappropriaLe and s&ab1e. iocluding the right ofreasonable
mptied athort''.
Page 7ofl$
I IS. SUGGEST: To bring an idea to the attention ofanothcr ftr consideration. A word which may or may not b precaory, depcndirg
upon the context ir, rhjch appears and the circumstances under which it occw.
Where Lh word is used in a wilL without any qiia1i1'ing or ephinatory words orcircwnstances to atThc iLs orLI1inar mearHng, it has
been held mnEv to pIacc a matter befòr another for consideration, arid, under ordinaxy cirGurristances. fl fo wise LO cany with t an
c)ression of&swe wí[ or eTtrLatv. WIìin so usd t ìs rnt a precatorv word and ii insutïicianL to rate a trust. Wiltiaois y Baptist
Church [i3&nmore. 92 Md 497, 48 A 930.
I f9. SUGGESTIO FALSI: A suggestion ofthat which is false or untrue; a misrepresntaL]on. 37 Am J2d Fraud 144.
t 2o INSURE! To contract to indcmn ify a person against 1os from stattd pri!s io inter into a contract of insurance as insurer
121 . ISLAND: A body ofland surrounded by watcr. 6 Am J Ist Wat § 504To constitute an isLand in a river. the formation or hody niust be
ofa p-eirninnt ç1iaractr, noi ni1y surrowided by waLer when the river s high, bui permaneny surrounJd by a chinnJ f the
riser, and not a sza r ibjetio ocrflow by the rise ofibc river and conncwd with the main ìand vchen tht is ìir
hut it s
not necessary that the formation on the bad ofthc river and extending above its surface h sitab1e for agricultural porposs ¡n ordcr
to cOn3tiLut t m islnnd. How'er y Wood. 73 Kan 51 1, 5 P 763.
122. ISLAND: A pkee offand surrounded by water.
2. Js1and ai-c hi the sea or in rh'ers Those in the sea are elhe in the ûpen sea, or wiihjri the boundary ofsome country.
3. When new is'ands arise in the open see. they belong to the first OCCUPANT: but when they ar uewty iòrnid so near the shore
as to be %VíLhin the xll1ndary ofsorne staic, they betong to 1nit state.
4. Islands which arise in ivels when in the middle ofthe gtream. belong in equal parts to the riptirian proprietors when They arise.
mùsty on one sde, Lhey vi!l he1on to the riparian owners up to the middle ofth stream. 8ract. flb. 2. e 2; FIcta, lib. 3, C. 2. s. 6; 2
131. 261: I SwitVsDig. t Schult. Aq. R. 117: WooEr. on Waters: 38: 4 Nck. R. 26& DougLR. 44t; IO Wend. 260: M S. & R t.
Forthe aw o1Louisna see Civil Code. ait 505, 507.
5. lue doctrioe ofthc eommon law on th subject founded on ra.cn seenis to have been horrcwcd rrom the cvH law. Vidc Inst î
Di.4L LLCude. 7 -L i.
123. INCORPORATING STATE: The state wherein a corporation was created by law and became an entity. 36 Am J2d For Corp § 85.
124. INCoRPORATION: Th creHtion of a cornoration whether directly by speciaF 1egs1aiive act, or by compliance with enera1 laws.
l Am 12d Corp ** 24 cl seq. An incorporatcl company: a corprnation. Thc combining o one thing with another. The addition f a
material to a building or other structure. 36 Am J i st Mech L § 72.
t25. NCORPORATON BY itEFERENCE: The thsetrine that a wilt, duls' executed and witnessed accoo5in io statutory requirements.
may incorporate into itsIfby as' appropriate reference a written paper or document which is in existence al thc time ofthe execution
ofthc wíil, irrespective ofwhetlìer such document is one executed by the testatcw or a third person. whether it is executed and attested
as a wilt, or whether it is in and ofitsclfa valid instrumenL prúvided the document referred to is identifçd by clear arid satisfactory
proof. 57 Am J Ist Wills § 233. The permisibIe practice ofreferring io; and thereby making a part ofone count or defense. thc whole
or a part of the allegations of.,nother ecajr,t or defne in the stmie pleading. 41 Am J ist Pl 5.
Making a map. pIaL or writing a part
ofa dee1 by reìreme thereto in the deed. particutarly for the purpose oifurnising a dcscription ut'thr prprtv eenesed. 23 Am
J21 Deeds 232. Making prior corLiIcates in an abstract oftiti a part ofthe last certificate by a retrence in the latter. I Am .12d
.Absu- T § 20. Making a separation agreement a part ofdecrcc ofdivorce by reference thereto in the decree.
24 Am 12d Dv & S § 907.
thtreto the contract in terms o' making it a part of the
Making an extraneous writing a part ofa written contraat by reference in
contract. !7 Mi 52d Contr 2t3.
t26 INCORPORATtON FEES: Fees the payment efwhieh is required by the constitutions and statutes olmany
states as aprerequisite to
thc exercise ofeorporaic posrs. Am i2d Corp 4.

I
imposia
127. INCORPORATION UNDER GENERAL LAWS: The usual method ofincorporation. calling for compliance with statutes
ofpowcrs thereby. Am 32d Corp 23 et seq.
requirements generally rdative to the tormation ofa corporation and the exercisc i 8
conferring upon designatccl persons
I 28, INCORPORATION [iNDER SPECIAL LAWS; Acquiring corporate status under a specia act
and their associates the rithi io be u corporation and exercise corporate poaers. i 8 Am .12d Corp 26.
i29. NCORtORATØ Srnc a corporator.

foimation of a corporation; a promoter; a stockholder; a hehoIdcr; a me mbcr. 8 Am
CORPORATOR: A person wh o join s in the
i
i 30.
J2d Corp * 35.
MEMBER: One who belongs to an organization, such as cooperative assocatioo, fratema order, or membership corpratiow
Smith
I31
ofa cotporaion which has no
V fron M.T. Ternmoal Co. 46 iñont 13. 25 P 649. An incorporator or the successor ofan ncoporator
1
stock. 1t Am J2i Corp 4bV. A hamt lòoL amTL kg. lïnger. toe. testicle. or other organ ofthe body. See 4 ii Comm 21)5.
capital
132. MEMBERSHIP: A condition or status ofbeing a member In reference to a buiIdmn and !oan association, a matter ofcontraet and
certificates of
ordinarily aquird by takinganc! holding stock. such being evidenced by the issuance and delivert' ofa certificate or
stock w the member und the nscripton ofbis name on the hooks ofthe asociti9n. 3 Am J2d E &
I L Assoc § & I
i 33. MEMßERSHP CLWflFICATE; cerü1kte of membershp.

bcuth amety.
134. CLRTW1CAT[ OF WMEHS1?t Srntme caileci a beeth txttiuttc. isucd tu a member ot'a mituat
and govcrned by its charter constitution. and by! aw&
constituting the contract between him an the corporation. but construed
under the statutes ofmostjurisdictions. existing for
135. i1EMBIRlHlP CORFORAT!ON: A distinct kind ofcorporution authoríicd
haritab1e, fraternal. social. or rdîgious purposes. in which the parliciparns acquire the status of
puj.poses *tth;l Ihar; profit. oRen ¡or
men)bcî raihet-than sinckhoidcrs. It Am i2dcorp 460.
Page 8 of .8
Sop151410:26a Dovino 641-622-2546 p.9
136. MUNICIPAL CORPORATION: A body politic and corporite coiistituted by the incorøorìtioii ofthe inhabitants ofa city or town
for th purposes oflocal ovrnment thcreof A chy or town or thelocal government thereof. Arno 108 ALR 577 (within meaning of
lax exemrtion statute.A territorial or poIiica ubdivsìon tabIishcd by the state eor the purposc ofaminstcrng bcal goenimeiit.
Lane y Minne&ia State Agri. Soc. 2 Minn 175. 64 NW 382. The body pohtic creattd by crganizin the inhabumts na
prescrbcd
aces. under thc authorily ofthe giaturc. fluo a corporaLon with ail th uu& ittrbuies ofa corporate entity. but cndowd with a
o adîniiEe-r 1oca aud
!uhlic characier by irw ofa.ici been irncstcd hc the 1egblaturc with uhcrdnaw tcgisa1c. po%irs
internai affairs ofth community. and esabishe as a brnneh ofthe siati government to assist ¡n the civ] goernnient ofthe state. 37
Am Jst Mon Corp 3.
I MUNICIPAL CORPORATION BY PRESCRIPTU»4: A rrninicpal corporation which has exercised i4s powrs s long wthou
37.
obj.c-ton upon tbc part ofth alate gornmcn1 thim aJthough no chaffir is ¡n cistne. n is prcsume1 thrt it was duly ìnorprated
n Lh tït
jlac and that harbr ha in st. 37 Am JIt \firn Corp O.
138. 4UNZCtPAL CORPORATION DE FACTO: The kind QfmonicIpa! corporation whicti resu'ts when the peoe ofa dty. town or
village have attcmpttd to inororate themselves under a statute which authorized such action, and have actually used and exeíciscd
¡he franchise oía muiiicipa! corporation by virtue ofsudi proccdings, although th procccdings wcrc so irre.ular thatthe validity of
the corporation cari be successfùlly attacked in a proccediog broughttòr that purpose by the state. 37 Aia Jist Muri Corp § 3
139_ ONEROtS: Burdeosuimc no wTho consderaion
i 40. ONEROUS DFED: A cjecd whcli was eecutcd by the gnintor for a va1uabc considcration.
14L PARTV: A person who has engaged in atransactiori or made an agreement UCC 12Ol(29). One ofta ùppnsing litigants in a
judicial proceeding-a person seeking to establish a right or one upon whom it is sought to impose a
corrcsponding duty or lability.
any peron by hom or against whom a suit, eithcr at law or la cquty. i brought. 39 Am Jist Parties § 4. For the purposes
inc1udin
oía righe to appeaL porsona aatned as parties in the original peadtngs and persons who subscuentv corne or are brought ino th
aelion kr lie purpo.e f eeiing rdielor ofhing subcted to roii1. 4 Am J2&1 A & E § 74. i 5. F&r stm nurposes. a petson i
interesti in the litigation. as well as a party of record, for example, the disqualification ofajudg. Anno: 10 ALR2d i 3 2, or 1
incompetency to testU to a transaction had with a person since deceased. 58 Am J st Witu § 2x3. For the puipose of the rule of
res
jiidicata. any person who has a dhec interest in the subject matter of flic suil and baa a right to controL the proceedings, defend,
ekamine the witnesses. and appeaL ifan appeal ries Vane y C. HoiTherger Co. 196 Md 450, 77 A2d 152. 22 ALR2d t4OE
41 PEACE: Tbe TrintiUítv enjoyed by members ufacommunity whea od arder reigns. 12 Am JZd Breach P 4. Thai invisible
sense of seeufit>. which every person kds so ncessary tc his comtbrL and tòr svhich aU gcrnnìents fc iU5tRUed.
liZcs y State. $0
OkIa Crini 302 236 P 57. 44 ALR 229. The tcnnnation ofa war. ofhotiIitïes between nations. ó Ant ilsE War
S 3
4 L Ed , 17 S Ct 495,
¡43. PFOPLl: The state; the nation: any consolldated political body. United States ' Three Friends, 166 US 1,
The stiblccts or inhabitants ola nation. The Pizarro(IJS) 2 Whea1227, 246. 4 L d 22t. 231.
'Thc popular leaders. wh in all agec have called t1ìernc1ves thc pcoplc. etc. Sec 4 Bl Comm 43S.
i 44 PtOPLE O THE STATE The ripresensarices t' th state ksdf: the. siate itsdf, as where a criminal imsecution is entitled as by
The People othc State
As the expression is used in some cnncctions, uçh as with reèrence to
enjoyment ofthe public waters within the state, it inciLdes
alt people !awfulLy within the state. whether ofthe state. in the sense ofbeing residents thereofor otherwise. Roasmillor Statc i 14
Vis 169. g
trNJTD ST.TES The swereipn peop'e. Citizen. floyd y Nebraska. 43 13. 36 1. Ed 103. 12 S Et 375
45_ PFOPLE.OF F}IE
146. Per the ContitiiÍìon: Preanihie:

pccfect Unmori. estabIih Justicc, insure domestic
Tranguj!. provide
kVE, the people ofthe Uitcd States, in ordeno form a more
ftw the cnmnan defence. rrnrnote the encr1 we1tre. and secure the kssios of R&tty to oue1ves and our poent. do ordao and
establish this Constitution for the United &ates of Anerìco
Article 1. Section 8:
To borrow inoncy on tie cndit oíthe United States.

and witbthe Lïidian tril3e.
lo r.:euLitc comnirce ;cth torciun na:ions. arid omn th sescral States
147. PRAYER: A supplication addressed to God.

of
by the party. The prayer is no part ofa plaintiffs cause
That part ola pleading which designates and asks for the reliefsoughl
curing defective conp1aint but it may serve to show what kind ease the plaintiffsupposcs he has
fa
action aad it cannot aid in a
and may indicate the object which he seeks to accompIish
made and ihe kind ofreflcftu vhiçh he concEvcs himseiflo bi entitled.
Sec4l AnJstPL* t09ctseq.
Mn iii E.
27
An appropriate prayer should be incorporated a bill or petitioi tor eçiitable
ri
relict.
formal part ofhis bill. name the

PRAYER FOR PROCESSi A techdcal requirement ofa bill in equity that the plaintitt as the
last
14-8
defendant. su that he may be brought into court. 27 Am J2d Eq. 182.
the beginning ofihe Constitution ofthe

United
l49 l'REAMBLE A prefatory statement most aptly illustrated by the fifty-two words at ofthc reasons forthe enactment anâ the
enactiug clause, explanatory
States. Adaus in a s1at[e. folloiiri the title and preceding th
ofu nod Ing
by
¡32 A 5tttetÌittL at LIte bqtknntng ofa munteipal nrthnan
obeets ottaht to be aeeonptitieL SO \mJ1st Stat F', 25 94 177 F' NM
enactment Cnntineiitat Ol Co. y Santa
council and the rcans, puipose. oroccaon
ofor for the
effact t)y
742. 3 ALR 398.
the pple ordaincd and established the
The preamble United States indicates the cncral purposes for which
to the Constitution aiffic
a the source ofany substantive power conferred on the Federal
been regarded
Constitution. but the preamble itself has never stated in the preamble. was to
Constitution, as
Go.ernmen1 or on depnrtman1 Although one ofthe declared objecta ofthc
ofits
Page'9of1
secure thc blessings of liberty to all under thejurisdiction and uthority ofihe United States. no power can be exerted to that end by
the Urnied States un'ess, apart from the peamb1e. it is found ri sorne express delegation ofpower or in some powerto be properly
rnp1îed thcrfroin n the body ofthe Constitution. Lcobson ' Massachusetts, 197 JS I. 49 L Ed 643, 25 S Ct 35& E
ISO. PRECARIOUS RJG}T; A 2nted right which s revacablcat the w]IofLhe person who granted it.
l5 . PRE-EMPTION LAWS: ¡ederal staIute begìnninc with the Act ol Sepenibr 4. 184 . unier whkh a sUìer uçxn pub1i lands f the
United Stalçs, surveyed and su1J:jecL to private entiy, might acquire tide.
Thc pre-emptiori laws thffcr from the homestead aw in that wider the fcrmçr. claims might be initiated prior [o record notice, three
months being allowed the settler within which to file his declaratoiy statement with the register ofthe proper district, while under te
homestead 'aw. the rights cfThe fflcr only attached to the lancI from the date ofth entiy in the proper lanci office St. Paul, M . & M
CoDonohue2OUS2L52LFd94L28SCt6OO:MaddoxvBumh&m. 156 tJS54439LEd27, 5.SCt448.
t 52 PREfERENQE: The ofone pecson over other persons. to be apoted admirtstrator. & eampte. the righL ofì sur'ivii
:pouse. 31 Am J2d Ex & Ad 50 et seq. A right givento a stockholder oft corporation tu subscribe at statcd priue for shar of a
new issue in proportion to the shares already held by hirn. Miles y Safe Deposit & Trust Co. 259 US 247 66 L Ed 923. 42 S Ct 483.
A provbioi in a succession or inheritanvc ax sMtute which òr the purposes ofcxempons and roles divides recipients into
classifications based upon relationship to decedent. 28 Am J Rev cd Inher T § 302. A terni often confused with 'prioritv,' bu
distigushabe 1y considering a priority as teal and a pieference as something which the law may make voidable. The act ofa debtor
in prIniii Ofl or nre ol'liis creditors to others by pang him or them ithoai favoring the others cth payrtieit 37 Am J2d Frd
Conv*
153. PREMISES: Thc grounds ofan argument or dissertation. In an instrument, something written before in the sanie instrument Alaska
mprov. Co. y hirsch. 119 Ca1249. 255, 47 P 24 51 P340. A formal part ofa deed, otherwise known as theapton. preceding the
habendum clause. cjntaining recitals ofthe grantor's motive tir the conveyance, the names uìd desgoations ofth parties, th
çonidcration expressed forthe deed. words ofrant andthe deeription oftbc property conveyed. 23 Am 32d Deeds 33. The part
(fa bill in eqiiEy which trnhtacxs th* real ubtmice ofthc suit. set1in out all the esseiida facts on which the phliti1fTc1ies a
y Blonde, 34 Wyn 397, 244 P 222.
grounds ofrelicf 27 A.mJ2d Eq § 181. Real estate, particuar1y real estate with bi.dldings. Meador
I 54. PRESENTATION: An oWeririg by one entitled to do so ofa qualified person to be inslalled in a benefic.
55. PRESUMED GRANT: A theoretical basis ofihe acquisition oftitleby atherse possession or ofa prescriptive t-ightby adverse
possession or idverse user. 3 Am J2d Mv P 3; 25 Ara J2d Euc § 39»
i 56. NESUMPTION: rule oftav thai attaches definite probaiiv value to spcciflc facts or draws a parUcuiar inference as to th
known or proved. 29
existçnec ofonc fact, not actually known, arising from its usual connection with o1hcr particular facts which are
or taking for granted ofthe existence ofa fact, permitted or required under The Jaw as a seJf-
Am JZd Ev 60. The assuniption
f
evident result ofhuman reason and experience. Ward y Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. 66 Coni 227, 238. 33 A 902» An effect oían
is introduced which will
evidentìarv fact from which the trier offact must find the existence of'another fact unless and unii! evidence
support a ñndingoi» none»dtflnee. UCC i-201(31). A rule ofiaw a1aching delimite probative value to a spoeifle faci
distiuished from an infríe,»cc wbicb is o pemssve conehsion y trier of fact nnaded by any rak or theon of ks directly
NY 397. 126 NE2d 377 49 ALRZd 449; Stumpfv Montgomer 101 Okla 257. 226 P 65, 32
applicab1e People y I-1ìflthrrndt, 3O
ALR 1490, 1496.
the pub'ic peace. which is
PUBLIC AND DOMItSTIC TRANQUiLLITY: public peace. The cxpresion means nothing morc
than
157.
is nothing more Iban a subdivision ofthe one and i
made up ofthe aggregate oflndívidual peaco and domestic peace, ami
quiet oldomettic life by that same kind oíoffcnsive and tumultuowi
aggregation oF the other. Otc canciot lawfully disturh th
ouId anywhcr constitute a breach of public peace. although no one but the family oE which he i a niember is
earriace which
present. Anno: J ALR 591»
national obligations, state obligations. county
158 PUBLIC DEBT: In a narrow sense, national or state obligations; in a broader sensv,
obligations, town obligations. in fot the obligations ofany public body. 43 Am Jist
Pub Sec § 3.
or political sabdivision thligated under
159. ?UBLIC DEØTOR: Broadly, the nation, a state. county. town. municipal Corporation. subdtsion
A mimicipal orperation. school district loaì improement disirict. county or other political
ou1tnding ndthtedncs
under provìions afthe Bankniptcy Act. 9 Am J2d l3ankr §
1416.
eligible for re]iefby the composition ofit indebtedness
by a persn ofhis prior unconscionable or wrongful
160. PURGE OF WRONG: An adequate and effective renunciation and repudiation for a tortious act committed by anoTher
çonduct Dickerson y Murlield. 173 Or 662. 147 P2d 194. The assumption ofresponsibility
prson.
usw abandening th usurious arcemcnt and the execution ofanw ohliation for
161. PLßING USURY: Rem.win th taintof as b
the amount ofthc actual debt, free from the usury, ant bcarin legal interest. 55 Am Jist Usury § 97.
titic to real property, known in

62. QUJFTING TITLE: An court designed o effect a removal of a cloud or clouds on
action or suit in
I
L Ed 531 S Ct 720. A remedy. originating n equity, enlarged and
older times as a bill qui timet Sharon 'i Tucker, 144 US
533. 36 12
by statute. having for its purpose an adjuUiçalion that a eIam oftLiJe to or an interest in propeily,
supplemented in manyjuris4idions
adverse to that ofthc piaintiff is invn1ìd so that the plaintilfand
those claiming undcr him my
bc Iore'vcr afterward free from any
dancer ìfihe tiis.ilc claim. 44 Am

i ist Quiet »1» i.
A A Barstow y Stone. 10 Colo .&p 296, 52 P 48. A

I 63, REMOVAL: A moving ofsoinething. change of rcsidcnce. change ofdomicil. Ed 505. 8 lO.
xiuntiy- Jones y McMasters (US) 20 I-low 8, 22. 15 L
persons departure to and seulement [n a foreign
law an soin1 public policy recognize
164. REMOVAL FOR CAUSE: »Fhe removal ofa publc officer from office for reasons which thepower hi the exercise ofdiseretton may
cause» not mcreJv cause which the appoiuting
as iuTheient warrant Rr removal, that is, le»aL
deem sutcieoL 43 AnIst Pub 01 205.
Page 10 o 18
¡65. REMOVAL FROM OFFICE: Dh'ethig an incumbent ofthe powers aid emoluments ofoffice. An incident ofth sovereign power
which creates an office. the title io oflice being held subject to the condtons imposed bythe sovereign power in constitution or
statute. 43 Am JisE Pub Of 1t H2. The dvestn8 oíthe power. authorit
, nd positioi ola person as an exccur or
idministrutor ofa decdents estate. 31 Am J Ex & Ad § 109.
As uscJ in a cûnMiIWiona1 pruvsìon proidn. thai iì ûíliccr rn!css 'remoeI' hohis office until his successor q1ifies the word
refrs lo otser from OñlCL under the staiuic outhoring removals lbr niscoflducL and does ioZ a1r o ouster by quo wrranto
procecthngs, which re invûkd only where a person is usurping an office to which 1e has no Jega title. See aymaker y Slate c' rei.
McCain. 22 NM 400. 1 63 P 248.
Remova] from oflice also appfles to corporate officers, removal being aecomp1ihed as provided for and reu1ated b statule or
provision ofthe charter ofthe corpor4tion. 19 Am J2d Corp § I 105.
J 66. RJGI-IT OF APPROAC1I the rigit ofa befligrnt to visit a thip at sea io dctnine her natìonalhy. Tue right to viìt rnd search
merchant ships ou the hgh seas, whaevcr be the ships, th ctrgos. The dcs&inatmon. i rn incomcs1ibc right nfth' !aw4dy
commissioned cruisers ofa bdtierent nation, but it shouki be exercised with as niuch regard to the safety of the vessel detained as is
corIisEcnL with a thorough exaniination ofher character and voyage. 56 Am JI st War § 152.
167. RIGHT OF FRWÀTF PROPERTY: A right which consists n the free use, enjoyment and disposiI ofilacquisitions. without aiìy
contro] or dimizaLion. save ùjh by the 1ws oftht and. Eant y Reading Chemical Fertiiiing Co. J)
Fa 209. 21e, 2 A 702.
i 8. ItJÇ14T OF RE-NTR\ See re.-entix for condition bnkei.
169. RICHTS OFTflINGS: Such rights as a man may acquire over external objects, or things uncornectcd with his person. See I BC
Comm 122.
I 70. RIGHT OF WAY BY NECESSJTY: A Right ofay
founded uron implied grant or in'pIix1 reseration, the implication arising
from the necessity ofa way for ase ofrenises granled or premises retained by Ihe grantor. 2 Arti i2d Ease 34
I 71. UKHT Of 1!4 BY RESERVÀTfON: A Right ofwav cated by a deed reseriog ¡ri the prerrses conveyed aa easenent thereihr.
't'
25 AmJ2dEase 21.
172. SOVERELGN U%4MUNITY: The priiiciple that the sovcrcign cannot be sued in Uts own courts or in aiy other coirt without its
consent and permission: a principle which applies with full force ti the several stzitca ofthc Union. 49 Mi J lat Stacs 91 . The
princple that the United Stacs is mnune from suit eect whens ft conseizts thereto, as by a statute siich as the Federal Tort Claims
Act. 28 USC § 149 et sew; 20 Am 52d Cts 152. The principk that a sovereign state is bnd
to reseet the independence r,f every
other over-eign state. so that the courts ofone countty will not sft i judgment oti Ehe acts ofth government father. dcn withir
its own territory. 2 Am J2d Cts § 152.
I 73. SOVEREIGN PEOPLII: Sec people olihe stale: people ofthc United States.
i 74. SOVEREiGN POWER: The power to make and enforce laws. By the sovereign power is meant
the making of laws; for wherever
nf the
that power resides. aU othr JlisI coofrni to. and bc direetd by it. wJarever ppearrnce the outward Forni and admiiiistration
go'crnn'-eit may puL on. For t is ai ary lime in the opiìoi ofThe iegisknure to aitci thai form and dmiiissa1ion by a nev: edict r
many xecutivc magistrates,

rule, antI to put the exeu%ion ofthe laws into whatever hands it pleases; by consliLuting uric or a few, or
oftheir several funetions, or else the constiLudon
and all the other powers ofthe state musi obey the legislative power in the execution
is al an end" See Rl Comm 49. See
J inherent power.
laws. habits. and customs into
I 7. SOVEREIGIN STATE: A people permanently occupyinp a fixed terrilory, bound together by common
organizcd goveEnmeni indcpeadcnt sovereignty' and control ovcr all persons
one body polide. cxcrcisimg through the medium faìn
arid things within its boundaries. capable oímaking sc and peace. and ofoetering into international relations with other
cornniunities 30 Am Rev ed internat L io.
.1
and consequently the laws of one stale do not

In the United States, each state constitutes a distinct and independent sovereignty,
operate ofiheir own force in any oilier tatC. 16 Am J2d Confi L 4.
commaítd in civil society, and

176. SOVERF14NTV: The power to govern supreme pohlical authority. That public authority which
orders and directs what each citizen is to perform to obtain the end otuis insLitutivn
advantage by their
177. STATE A body ofsnen united together for the purpose ofpromoting their mutual safety and
politic or society
a territory. and politically organized under one governmeni McLaugh[in y Pucher, 127 Comi
combined strength, occupying definite
Texas y White (US) 7 Wall 700. 19 L Ed 227. ovrld
44 1 7 A2d 767, People. tcn-itoiy, aid govcnunent considered rs combination.
I
S 58& A complete body offrec persons united together for their common benefit,
o" other grounds 113 US 476, 28 L Ed 1Q44, 5 Ct
y Georgia (US) 2 Dall 4 9. 1 L Ed 440.
to enjoy peaceably whal is their own. and to dojustice to othcr. Chishoim
1
commwdt of free citizens. occupying a tcrritoc efdefnd boendartes. ttod

Under the united States Con.iituti<n:-a political
organized under a government sanction and ]imited by a written cmistitutin,
and established by the consent oftlie governed. Coyle y
purposes ofthe Fair Labor Standards Act, any state ofthc United States, the
Smith, 221 US 559 55 L Ed 853 31 S Ct 6x8. Fortlie
or any territory or possession ofthe United States 29 USC
203(e).
District ofCoiumbia.
in a certain manner
178. STATE CDNSTrFt)T1ON A compact made by and between the citizens ofa slate to govern themselves
1th the United States Constitumri. 16 Am 12d Coast
L
the paramowt and supreme law ofthe state so far as consistent
York. 54 NI 61 47 NE
constituEini
the pcope o the sbt acting itt their s flereigfl eapacit Sttge New
.
t
2:. A fundamental act ofkgislafioci by

Eiiingham y
people establish the structure and mechanism oftheir goemrnent.
1096. An act ofcxtraordinay leis1atìon by wbich the
34 S Ct
Dye, l7f lud 336, 99 NE i. app dismd 23 t US 250, 5 L lid
206. 92.
corpnratin by a formai act oa the part of the

C 79. SURRENDER OF CHARTEI1 The disselution or lerininatioil ofthc eistcnce ofa created and the acceptance ofthe same by'
under which the corporation was
corporation in yietding its charter to tht soereintv
the go'enmenL 9 Am J2d Corp 1591,
Page 11. of 12
ISO. THINGS: Inanimate objects. Gayer y WheFan, 59 Cal App 255, 139 P2d 763. As the subject matter ùf bequest. eiThcts, goods, assets,
or property. dependent upon the intent of thc testator as such appears fcom the will. Arnolds ßtate, 241) Pa 26f, 8' A 59OE
I S J. THINGS PERSONAL: Goods. mrnie, and aB other movables. which may aucnd the owner's person wherever he cares to go
TranscorithenJat OiF Co. Emmerson, 295 If 1394. 13f NE 645. 16 ALR 507, 512.
S2 TLtINCS REAL: Such things as are p manent. fixcd aad irnmovahk which cannot be carried out of their phcc, as ands and
tenements. Transcontinental Oil Co. y Emmerson. 298 111394, 13 NE 645, ¡6 ALR 507. 512.
f
l3. TRANQUIUT crenity; a slate of undisturbed emotions. See pub1c und domestic tranquility.
l84 TREATY OF PEACE: A treat) ofpeace is an agreement or- contract made by belligerent powers, in \%'hich they agree to lay down
theirinns. und hy which the3 stipulute the condi0on ot'peuce. and regulate the manner in which it is to be restored and supported.
Vn. iib & e. 2,
l55 UNITED STATES CiTIZEN: The antithesis ofalien FIRST: A person born or naturalized in the United States and subject lo the
iurisdi.cq thereûf US Const Art 14. cl 1. SECOND: One who by birth, naturalization. or other means is a member al the
Jndeiendeffl Political Socitth (pre.erJfri,,r Co»itCilleiiship &ciimj ofthe URited States ofAmcthra 3 Am J2d .tJieas '
186. POLITICAL: Pertaining to the government. Re Kemp, 16 Wis 359, 396. Pertaining to the eshthlishinent of Förm ofovernmenL
Commoawealth y McCarthy, 281 Mass 253. 183 NE 495, 85 ALR 1141. PertainIng to the activity of, or workfor, apolitical party
pertaining lo anything connected with candidacy for office or the support ofa candidate for office.
187. SOCIETY: The communit'. Th people ofthe community or considered as a whole in state or nation. The associates which one has. .
veltrntarv assoeia1ion sometimea a corporiition. òraui2ed md e,ístinfor the mutual benelit of its members in potriolk,
reliiovs, charitable. or professional puturs or 6w providing benehs in case of illness or disahility oía member or for his widow or
chiIdTen inthe event ofhis death.
188. VACATE: To annul or set aside. To cease the occupancy ofprernises, leaving them empty. To vocale, in its English form,
acquired ari active sense through a long period ofU-aiìsition. by popular usase and in consequence oflts early adaçìtkon as a lechnical
and legal term, although it was originally used only as a passive veth. To leave empty: to cease from occapyiiig: to annuL to make
voi[t_ exçress the different rucanfrigs which il has acquired. Oriina1iy it meant to be empty. void or vacant lo he void ot free from.
or
withoun to lack or want a thing. Walsh Commonwealth, 89 Pa 419.
189. ANlUL: To nullify; to sci at naught; to make voitt: to reduce to nothing. 'The word is not a technical word und there is nothing which
prevents the idea coiveyed by it from being expressed in equivalent words." Woodson u Skinner, 22 Mo 13. 24.
190. NULL AND 'VOID: That which binds no one; thjt which is incapable ofgivíng rise to any rights or obligations under any
circumstances: that which is ohio etct.
Rutthere are cnss where the expressionmeans voidable merelyihat is. capable orbeing
voided_ Eweif y Dags. 1O US 141 149.
27LEd6l2.6S4,2SCt40S.
191. NULLiTY: Something without legal effect. being null. A proceeding of no effect whatsoever because ola defect
therein. Saber y
1-tilgen. 4(1 Wí 363. 305.
192. WAR BOND: A bond issued by the United States government in time ofwar for the purpose ofobtairiing funds
for the conduct of the
war. 43 Am JlstPub See 15.
on the
WAR: A civil war is one whìch takes place between a stale, as such. and a party, class, or sccLion of its own citizens. lt is
public
191
the par-tics are entitled to al
part of the established government. and private on the part ifthe people resisting its authority. but both
the rights ofvar as against each other. and eeo as respects neutral nat{ons Dann's Wheat. lnL Lass. Z9.
Pa 302.lfthe payment jjt
194. RECEIPT FOR TRANSPORTATION. In ctl'cct. a bill of1adiig. EmpireTransp. Co. y Wallace, 6
or settlement ofa disputed claim. such ß'eipt is no bar to a recovery of any balance actually due the
liw wa', ofeomprornise
CREDITOR Rn Ward. 48 NY 204.

at common
195. BOND: Noun: The obligation secured by a mortgage or deed ofirust; a cooratc obligation. 19 Ara J2d Corp 1059;
82; an obligation in writing which hinis a signatory to pay a sum
certain
law, a sealed instrument or specialty. 34 Am
I i st Lim Ac
where controlled by a stathic which dispenses with the necessity of a scat.

upon the happening ofan event and carries a sea]. except
penaL bonds, indemnity. tklelity, and surety
12 Am J2d Bonds * i So defined. the term is generic, embracing investment bonds,
.
I. Less frequently. the term used fora bait or a surety Verb: To givea bond as security. bond. Noun:
bondi 12 Am J2d fionds t is
corporale obligation. 19 Am 32d Corp 1059; aI common law. a scaled

'Ji,e obligaiicn s.'e ured by a mortgage ordccd ofirust; a
which hinds a signatory to pay a scm certain upon the
instrument or specialty 34 Am Jist l.im Ac 52; an obtigstion in writing
statute which dispenses with the necessity ofa seal. 12 Am
by a 2J
happening ofan event and canies a seal. except where controlled
bonds. penal bonds. indemnity. fidelity. and surety honds i Am
Bonds i i So dcfiaed the term is tencric. embracing investment
.
32d Uwids § i. Less 1ì-cqucntly. the term is used for a bail or a surety. Verb: To give
a bond as security
overnmen bond. mortoage bend. debenture or ether investment bond_

196. BONDHOLDER A person who is the holder ut' owner ofa
effect ofobligations of
f97 RONIJ ISSUC: The ofexceuting and delivering the instruments, known as bonds. and having the
entire process
which them, the purchasers. holders, or owners, Vans Agrew y Ft. Myers
idebtedncss ofthe corporation or public body issues to
Dist. 33 Idaho 746. 19S P 465: Joint School Dst. y Dabncy, 127
Dnsinagc Dish (CAS Fia) 69 F2d 244; Tomer y Roseberry irrig
under one authoriatiori.
Okla 234. 260 P 486; the aggregate ofbonds issued by a corporation or public body
ofthe Utiiid Ststcs or a state constitulion, and so
198. CONST1TUTtONAL RfGHT A çiht guaranteed to a person by the Constitution
guaranteed as to prevent legislative interference with
that ri.ht. I 6 Am J2d Coast L
Page 12 of 18
199 CONSTRUCTIVE ASSIGNMENT An assignmeflt forthe bic1it ofcreditors risin b pera1irn o{aw. as where a preferential or
fmudut transfcr is crnertcd by srtutc jito an aoiigrient fir the benefit ofcrcditor. 6 Am .F2d tr Crs 47. Ag
200. COSTRUCTÌVE ATTACF7MENT An atteiii to perThc aa attathmcn without and rnioii of piona pniipnv. 6 Am
J2d Attach § 296. 297.
20L CONSTR(JCTWE BREAKJNG: Tri the aw ofbuig]ary, such a breaking as is effected where the enlîy is accomplished by means of
fraud or threas, or by coifedcricy with the servants n the house. I 3 Am J2iJ Burgi § 13.
202. CONSTRUCTWE DELIVERY: A symbolk delivery whereby thc parly lo thom delive is made s clothed with a!1 the uua
mone;u iftik nd indkia ofmth
ip as i the csc ofthe deposit ofa warebous rceipt <rbill cf din kr god ir store or
in transit 46 Am Ji st Sales 434. By carrier: -the disposition ofa shipment where the cìrrier agrees with the consignee or sorne
person entitled under the latter to hold the goods for some purpose other than that ofcarriage Lo and de]ivei at the destination
directed by the shipper. Statv y Intoxicating Liquors. 104 Mc 463, 72 A 33]. Oflife insurance policy: -an unconditional acceptance
ofihe terms ofthecontract b the insured, coupled with both insurer and insured treating thepolicy as n force. a!thouh the policy
remains in the postescion ofthe agent ofthc insurer. 29 Am J Rev cd lits 215.
21)3. CONSTRUCTiVE FRAU»: legaJ 'raud asdistinguishcd from acluai fraud, beine presumed from the relation ofthc parties to a
lransactkn or from the circumstances under which it takes place. not necessarily a malter ofconscious wrongdoing. 37 Am J2d Fraud
* 4.
In its generic sense. "constructive fraud comprises all acts. omissions. and conecalnienis invoh'ing a breach of legal or cquitabe
duty. trusi cr confIdncc which result ¡n damage io another. Consiructive fraud exists in cases ¡ri which conduct. although not actually
fr&udilenL ouh to be so treated-that ts. rì whidi sedi coridut i cwtructive orqrai fraud wMch rias al the acWal coriueoccs
i
atRi lea dfct ofactual fraud, Re Arbuck1es Estznr Cal App 2d 362. 220 P2d 95Ù. 23 ALR2cI 372
204. COrISTRUCTIVf NOTICE: Not actual notice; such circumstances as the kw dccrns the ouivalcat ofactuat uotice since they are
such as, under the law, put a party upon inquiiy. 55 Am Jist V & P 697. The substitute in law for actual notice. bcint based upvn a
prcsurnptior1 olnotice which i so strong iba! the hiw does not permit it to be cwitrovcrttxL 39 Am I1t Noticc 7. Sometimes
confused with 'implied notice" which is a matter ofactual notice rather than 1ega inference. 39 Am usi Notice s
A recorded deed is an inslance ofriotìce lt is ofno consequence whether the second purchaser ha netual notice nîthe prior deed or
foL ilc is hound to take, and i presumed io hase the requisite noice I.egnt notice is the saule as constructive noticc. arid cannot be
conlroverted by proof Cooper y Flesner, 24 OkIa 47. I 03 P O I 6. Recording statutes are intended ordinarily to make a roeorded
T
intrurnent cffctiv io give eonstnwtiv notice to ali with whom the person in possession may undertake
to decal. But the protection is
not entirely one-sided or absolute. The statute has another firnction, nmeIy. to pmvide an opportunity for inrestigatictui of the tiElc
l'he oppeiiunity to investigate isthe foundation ofconstmctive notice. ßut the t&tue ¡s abuiwark, not a trap. n'id sucJ notice may
be neativcd by the Ilaud or misrepresentations ofthe pariv reodin the instrument Fogle y General CrediL 74 App DC 2&
i22
ALRT4.
E2d45 T3
stockholder,
205. COrSTRUCT1VELY RECEIVED: For income tax purposes: -a dividend which, although not actually received by the
has beet made unqualifiedly subject lo his demand. Anno: 120 ALR 1282.
206. CONSTRUCTIVE TAKING: A taking by fraud. titiek. or deception. 32 Am Jist Lare 12
and against th will. declared igaiist one
207 COi'(STRUCTR'E TRUST: A trustb' operation oflaw which arises contrary to intention
,.v1o. by fraud. acuiai or eonstructi, by duress or abu ofconfldence. comniissioíi o( wrong. or by ant form cl' onçonscioeablc
properly which he ought not, in
conduct, artifice. concealment. or questicnahk rnean. either h&s obtained or Folds the legal right o
eQUity and good conscience. hold tuid enjoy. 54 Am J I st Trusts 2 IS.
56 Am Jist War 217 et scq The
20g. NEUTRAL A country. observing neutrality, as tu a war between two or mure other natEorts.
which The e:Igini is dicngaged so as not to he applying force in tue movement cf the
position ofthc gears in a rnoktr 'ehicle al
'vehicle.
in t public. private, or civil
209 NEUTRALITY: Ta1ing no part in a dispute between others Abstinence ofa nation from any participation
partic& The Three Friends, 166 US 1, 41 L Ed 897. 17 S Ct 495.
war, and impartiality ofeonduettoward both
or bellgerent rights her own Jignity and security
While a neutral yields to other imations the unobstructed exercise ofthoir sovereign
om
sovereign right remain a pcaceable and impartia3 spectator ofthe war. The Samtissirna
require ofher the vindicatiu ofher to
Trinidad (liS) 7 Wheat 2x3. 5 1 Ed 45&

210, FREEDOM OF SPEitCH ANDOTHE PRESS AcenstitutionJ2uarrnty unthrthe FirtAmemdnent,zrnckra R'pubJkfDrrn
to Ihe ConstiTution ofthe United States and provisions in
ofgcvernmest)and the duc process c1au ofthc tourtccsith Amendiiiiint.
discussion essential to the rowth, development arid well being of our
ninny slate constitutions, embracing the concept that ft is
under a democratic form ol'govcrnmeat and should be Iinited by regulation only to preyent ahuse of the right. i Am
k! sockty
J2d CorntL $ 341 cL seq.
times
do not nican unrestrained iighi to do and say what one picases ai ali
1.ihertyaiid freedom ofspeecli undex'thc ConsIiIotin
L1JC
coatraiy th tie will ofCongress. on may make ofihe pod office

anti uniter ail circ-umsanccs. and ceT1inì Ihey do notnican (hat.
and conduct ofothers, as distinguished from the carriage of
ctublisbment an agency fer the publication olbis views ofihe character
the mttile. Warrcn y United StateaU Kan) ]3 F 71&
objects from s[8ht or
2 CONCEAL: To keep facts secret or withhóld them from the kiow1edge ofanother; to hidc or secrete physical
1 1
to 'conçV'
.
prescribing a ground for atiachracal,

observatioti Gerry y Dunham. 1 Me 334. 339. As the
svoid appears in a statute
be anable to find it. 6 Am J2d Attach 2311. Aa used in a stamte against
law witt
property is to hick it or put it where an officer of't.he
deprive the owner of his
concealing stolen gools. Tnowing them to ha%e
been stoin to conceal means to secrete with ircnt to
falsifr.
purposes ofthc Bankruptcy Act. to "conccal' nicansto secrete,
property. Bailey y State. Il Neb77, 80, 21 J
N\V 200. For the
ofproperty belooghig to the estate ofa bkrupt
criminal offense ofconcealment
and mutilate. Btllll(r Act L(7) J USC 1(7. The
j
I
Page 13 of 13
is flOt Iimied io physca1 secretion. but ndudcs the preventijig ofdscúvety by the withholding ofknrwIedg through reflisng o
divulge inforniatton s to the location ofthc property. 9 Am J2d Bankr 1715. For somc purposes, a in the case ofeecuting process
jOE a claim and deCivery action. to refuse the demand ofan officcr holding pn,ccss for the properly in iit is to concca1' it StaJ.c y
Popc, 4 Wsb 2d 394, 103 P2d 1O9. 29 AIR 2441
212. CONCLtL1.J: A person who wí,pwed k liovcrIands which hd bei secretiv kcptfrnm the king
2 f3. CONCEALMENT: A supprcsson ofr
ncglcct to discbse facts which a person knows aiid which he ought to communïcalc the
nondisclosure oía fact which srnurd be revealed 37 Am J2d Fraud § 2 the designed and intcntional withhoIdin ofany fact material
o the risk which th insured in honesty and good faith ouJtt o cornmunicae to the inswcr. 29 Am J Rev cd Ins 6&9.
214. IIISCRIMINATION: Fai'ure to treat everyone alike according lo the standards and rule ofaction prescribed. that . unreasornb1e and
arbitrtiy action 2 Am S2d Admin L l93. Claas1egislaton and Ilic deiiial ofcqal protoetion ofi]c laws. Arbitrary inIusirns or
cxclush}ns Ofpr5OOS frOfl 1R list for jury iuty. 3 Am J Rev ed Jur § 93. A puçosM arid sysmatic xciusioo ofpersons from the
1
jury list on the bass ofrace or color. 31 Am J Rev d Jur * 12. The denhil ofsulllage on the basis ofa classification ¿ccording to
race 25 Am J2d Elect 55.
:5_ UNJUST: Cnirarv ftjustjce. AI hamai actious arc eithejust or unjust as thc are in conformi o or ii tí law. ocsioa
BorknvState. Il Ark519.
2& Pv1PARTIAL Being iriditTerent os between parlie. Sunderland 'y (Jnited SEalcs(CA& Neb) 9 F2d 202.
27. TMPÂRTLtLrrY Absence ofijias or prejodice thdiffcrcicc as biween the parties.
21& ¡MPARTRLE EEUQ Afeud or fee which was so conditioned in its creationthat it could only descend to the etdcs sixi. Sec 2 Bl
Comm 215.
219. TREATY A ivritten çmitrdct bct%ee naiOflS executed witi the formìtiLy customary in deaIis and acions
between natiors
although not necessariI in a par[icular and prescribcd focm. A contract betwecn nations for which th consent ofthc contracting
pailies is gvcì cxprcssly r tacilly. verbally or in writing. 52 Am list Treat § 5. A contract of rciosunuie.
22O TREATY TW4DR A llei cti1kd cnierhe Ud
Satis sotciv U
Susuki y
cry
on trade rnde aid in
(DC Tex) 29 F Supp 46.
pum
fthe roisions f
an existing treaty between the countiy ofwhich he is a national and the United States. Elarris
22 1 VJNDICATOgY: The part of a statutc which imposcs punishment or penalty for violation. 50 Am J i st Stat * I.
222. VOIDABLE: Dective but capabic ofeonfirmation orratitication. 50 Am .1st Stat § 27 Obligatory as to other persons until
diaafflrmcd by tho person entitled to coiìfinn or disaffirm. Anno: 3 i AIR 1002.
223. VOIDABLE ASSIGNMENT: An assignment 1w a debtor which is fraudulent a to creditors hindered or deluyc thereby in reference
to realization upon their claims. 6 Am J2d Assign for Crs 63.
224. VOffiABLE CONTRACT: A contract which, although det'eetie so as to be avoided by one ofihe pailics. is valid and bindinìg until
it is iv«idet b u dsiflrnaiwc. Williston Coiitracts 3d cd 15; RestuteimnL Coiìrac.ts fl3 17 Am 12d Coffir 7.
1iie iew ofome authorities Ihat an eecutorv contract oían infant is invalid until confirmed has been advcracly criticicd, ond in
some,jurisdictins there are statutes to the effect that both cecutcd and cxccutory agreements ofan innt are valid until disffirmed.
27 AmJst1nf3 12.
225. VOIDABLE DEED: An instrument wlfich, although defective, is opecathe to concy the property until set aside by th Court. 23
Am 12d Dccd I 37
26 DEED: Broadly defined. awritirtg scaled and delivered by the parties; in the modem sense, an instrument conveying real property or
an interest therein. 23 Am JZd Dec1s l I
227. DtED INTER PARTES: A deed executed by Grantor arid Grantee. Smith y Emery. 12 NJL 53. 60 A deed executed by the persons
the
ço-antee. ts distinguished from a deed cxecited by the atent or ittomev oforte ofthc
parties cir liy
nimed irnnt& and
therein as
awent ofeach ofthem. acting Mbey y Chase, 41) !4ass 16 Cush4.
in their behalf
whereby an estate
228. DEED OF FARTITEON: A deed to oriejoint tenant from thc others or to one tenant in common from his cotenants,
sevcralty is created in the gramen.
in
229 DEED 0E TRUST A conveyance creating a trust iii real estite a conveyance given as security for the perfomiance ofan obligation.
which generally regarded as containing the elements ola valid mortgage. 36
is
Jist Mtg § 16. A species oldeed which is in the
Am
flature ofa mortgage and ls a conveyance in trust fr the purpose ofseeurng a debt. subject to a ddasance.
absoluic appropritioo of
lt differs from n assignment tbr creditors. which is more than a security for the payment ofdebis. heinz n
136 US 223 232 34 L td 341, 344. 10 S Ct 1013.
money fortheir payment. Union Nat. Bank y f'ank ofKansas Ci1y
a deed oftnist and a morigage essentially one offorni. the former beir executed in favor ofa disinterested
The difference between is
third person as trustee. while the latter is executed directly to the creditor to be secured.
230. DEED TO SUPPORT: A deed made in consideration ofthc grantors future support 50 Am i ist Sup of Per 2.
same
23 L DISAFFfflMANCE The repud4tion ofa voidable ohuigaton or deed, sometimes by the subsequent conveyance ofthe
premises to a third person. Searey y Hunter. S Tex 644. I
232. REPUIMAT1ON: A i1eai1 or olaithoñty. Refusal to recognize atì oMigalion asscrte as binding one. A denial ol
fvati&it''
respotisthilily or obligation. S1at Say. Bank y Black, 91 Iowa 490, 59

NW 212. A certain, definite, unequivocal. and timeLy deiiial by
him as his agent in incurring a Iiabîlity Sullivan y Bennett. 21i i
one person of the authority of another who has purported o uçt for
Mich 232, 246 NW 90. 87 ALR 79L
Page 14 of 18
233. REPUEflATJON OF CONTRACT: Refusal to recognize the existence ofa contract or the doing ofsomelhing inconssent with it
cxktcncc; renunciation ofliabJity under a contract. 17 Am J Ist Contr § 443. A refusal or declinaÈion to perfötm in accordance with
the contract. Lane y Clrnntittv Corp. 25 NY 435. 167 NE 578, 68 ALR 6.53.
234. RELINQWSI-IMENT. An abandonment; ayielding up of all claim to a thing. See release: renuncialion.
235. RENOUNCE: To aveor 1iash: . to rnoune a rghi The term ns usci n the Unrm Lirntc1 Partnrshi1i Ac providing
that a person erroneously believing himself to be a Limited partner is not liable as a general partner provided that on ascertaining tha
mistake he promptfy renouiice his internat in the profils ofihe business, means the giving up oía right or claim; the object oíthc
provision is t? put creditors in the position thc would have occupied ifthere had been no limited partner at the time their debts were
contracted. Gtlman Paint & Varnish Co. y Legum. 197 Md 665. O A2d 906, 29 ALR2d 26, Sec renunciation.
236. LtENUNCIAT!ON: A dcfiniteiving up or eastin offofomcthin. A kgal act by which a person abandons a right acquired.. bui
without trans-fei-riig it to another. Jhns«ni's lsta{, 186 Wis 599. 213 SW 376. A disclaimer ofinterest by uccession madc after the
ancestors death, which, ifcffcctivc, relates back to the time ofdeath and avoids lhc suecesaiou. Botian y Mitens, 239 Mo App 555,
193 SW2d 797, 70 ALR 424. ReFusal to accept a gift. Goitstein y Hedges, 210 Iowa 272, 2S NW 93, 67 ALR 1218. A method of
1
discharging a negotiable instrument coisithng ofthe hoder expre disclaimer ofrights in the insrurncnL I Am J2d B & N 948.
lue refusal by a person desinaLed trustee to act as 5uch. 15 Am J2d Char § 40. The refusal of one entit1d to appointaient as an
executor or administrator to accept the appointment. 3 t Am J2d Ex & Ad § 77. An ag.cnts termnaton ofthc gency rclatìonsFip. 3
Am ,T2d Agency 40. Sec rpidiation.
237. RENUNCiATION OF CiTIZENSHiP: See expatriation oath ofaiiegiance.

238. DECLARATION OF HOMESTEAD A statement ofth íàc.t ofclaimìng a honiestead cemption dscrihhi the rmorcrty
se'ected and filed with the county recordor for the purpose ofshowing.the world that the occipants claim their homestead
exemption rights in the property. 26 Am Jistliome § 90.
22g. FREE; Without restraint or coercion; not enslaved; not bundt esanernted. fhrown operi. or niade acecssib(e io att: to be enjoyed
Flaberty y
without limitations; unrestricted; not obstructed, cngrossed. or approprated open for tise or enjo'memt without eltarge.
Fleming, 58 ',y Va 669. 52 SE 857. Nut subject to customs duty tI Am T2d Cust t) 35.
240. ßOOD AND INDEUEASIRLE TiTLE: A title which enables the owner to exercise abs,tute and exclusive control as
against all
others. AdamsvHcnderson. 16S US57342 L Ld S4. ISS Ct J79

24 . GOOD TTLE vathl title and a marketable ifle. 35 Ai» J I si V & P 166. Not merely a title which valid n facL but a marketab'e
/ loan of
1
title which can again be sold to a reasonabic purchaser. or mortgaged to a person ofreasonable pn.idencc as security for the
from Iitigatiort palpable defects, arid grave doubts, and fairly
money. Moore y Williams. 115 NY 586, 22 NF 233. A title free
deducible ofrecord. Reo1ds y Borel. 86 Cal 538. 25 P 67.
taking posscssian otthoe things which
242. OCCUPANCY: !'osession rn fact. The use ifpremises. 29A Am J Rev ed Ins 595. The
before beloiigçd o nobody. 42 Am flat Prop 34. In referenec to the rights ofan occupying clalniant:-such an occupancy as under
by adverse possessIon. thai is aethal. opcT, and peaceable occupancy,
The rules of the common law would entitle one lo acquire a titie
but not necessarily occupancy as ofones dwel king piace. 27 Am J st Improv

I § .
from the
243. OCCUPANT: One in enjoyment of the occupancy of premises. One in actual possession, the tenant as52distinguished
landlord who has possession but not occupancy. Faisons 'i Prudenta1
Real Estate Co. 6 Neb 27 1, 25 I. 1 NW
sttautcs beginning with the Act ofSeptember 4, I41 under
which a settler upon public lands of the
244. PkE-ElSIPT1O LAWS Federal
United States. sin-iey4 and ubjct io privata entry. mighr acquire title. three
former claims might be initiated prior to rccord notice,
The prccmption laws differ from the homestead law in that under
the
with the register ofthc proper district. 'while trnder
mouths beinn allowed the settler within which to file his dcclaratoiy statement
ofthe seWer only attached tu the IarnJ Irom the dtte ofthe entry in the proper Innd office. St.
tile homestead law, the rights
Paul M. & M. R. Co. y DQnihCC. 210 US 21. 52 L Ed 941. 28 S Ct 600:

Mrgldoxv Bumhzm 156 US 544. 39 LLd 527. 15 S Ct 448.
harm if be does not give way or submit.
245. ¡MPLJ ED FORCE: The ei»p!oyment of words or condtict to put another in fear of bodily
See 35 Am J2d lore E&D 58.
NEMO ALIENO OMIZ4E LEGE AGERE POTEST tCivii law.) NOON can S1JJin the name
of another.
24t.
247. NEMO DARE POTEST QtJOD NON IJABET: NO ONE is able to g that which lie bas .
248. NEMO J3UOBUS UTATUROFFIC1IS: NO ONE shouhtoççuny tywooWces.

249. NEMO EST SUPRA L[CES NO ONE is above the laws.
forccd into ajoint possession. Sec 2 Bl
250. NEMO INVITUS COI1PELL1TUR AD COri.1MtJNIONEM NO ONE who is unwilhin2 is
Corniri 18.5.
251. NEMO JUS S!B DICERE PQTEST NO 0N1 eau establish law for himself.
NISt CONVICTA CULPAQU.&E SIT LAUDANDA PER
252. NEMO MILES ADIMATUR DE POSSESSIONE SUI BENEFIC1I, ofth possession of his benefice. unless conv{cted of
JUEMCIUM PARIUl SEOUUt: NO.SOLD}ER is to be rlerived
\VrOF1gdOÌfl, which must be declared by thcjudgment ofhis peers. 2 Bl
Comn 285.
TENANT. Moore,
POTEST ESSE ET OMfl4OS ET TENENS: NO ONE can be both LANDLORD
and Liebchutz y
23. NEMO
7Olnd 142.
I'FMO PIUfUENS PUNIT if £RAETERTA REVOCENTUR,

SED UT FUTULS. PRAEViM%NTLR No pnideit pesson
254.
in ordcrthat pa.st transactions may be revoked,
buthe does so irìgIcitlthat thÁiçts may be prevented.
punishes
punished forthe crune of another.
255. NEMO PUNITIJR FR0 ALIENO DELICTO: No one is
Page 15 of 18
256. NEMO TENETUR AD IMPOSSIBILIA. NO ONE is boind to do things which íi imposih1.
257. NEMO TENETUR ARMARE ADVERSARIUM CONTRA SE. NO ONE is bound to arm his adversary aairis1 .hinself.
258 NEMO TENETUR EDERE !NSTRUMENTA CONThA SE. (Roman law.) No one is bound io produce nstrumtnts or writings
which Hre 13iISt him-self.
259. LANDLORP A LESSOR. One under ìom anolher ho'ds prexniscs a a Tenant or 32 Am J IsL L & T 2. Lse
260 REGISTRAR: One h2vng The duly of RECITEfflNG &TRANSFER ofeorrorate stock I X Am J2d Corp Broadly. any
person who!e duty t ¿s to kcep a register.
26 . REGISfRATON The nt
ofreigteriniz. The nc ofa ue t a hote' in signing h nanic and giving his address upon engagin$
accoírunodatjons. Annû: 19 ALR 533. s . 53 ALR 9g8 29 Am J Rev cd Ennk § 11. See filing; recording; register. also phrases
beginning regstration'
262. REtIISTRATION FOR 'tIIUTARY SERViCE. Th çnro1hiçrt ofa person subjeet 1t calf under statutes rendei1n niilitaiy service
compulsory. 36 Am list Mil § 24-.
263. ADHESION: Adherence. The uniting ofissies ofthe body which normally are separaie, sometines occurth s the nileTmath
surgery. Acquiring relations wiTh another natinì by treaty or compacL 52 Am fist Treat § 3.
264 ADHESION CONTRACT A contract that is drafted unilateraflv by the dominant party and then prasentd on a take it or leave it
bísis k th aiy, wh bii real apportunily to birgaitt about its terms. Rstatemetit Second. Conflet ofLaws
ri
332a.
Comnient e.
265. SUBORN To engage in subornation. See subornation.
266. SUBORNATION: The crime ofprocuring another person to commit i crime. The procurement ofthe comniission oFan unlawlì1 act.
267. SUBORNER: Oni WJll subo
268. SUBROGATION: The iobtitution cfone rerson in the place ofanother whh reference lo a lawful cnirn or right against a third
he becomes
person. The principle that when one person has been com,eiled to pay a debt which ought ¡o have been paid by another.
entitled to exercise all the remedies which the creditor possessed against that other gerson. SO Am list Subre § 2. Sometimes referred
to as the doctrine of subsiitution.
It is a device adopted or invented Ly equity to compel the uliimte discharge ofa debt or obligation by him
who in good conscience
ought to p it it is the niachinety by which Ihn equity ofone man is worked oui tluough The legat rights ofaothcr. 50 Am J Ist
Sibc 2 et seq.
to the
This is a substitution cFanother person in place ofthe creditor to whose rights e succeeds in relation to the debt. and gives
ofihe person for whom he substituted. The principle of
su1DtìtUte all the rights, priorities. remedies, liens. and securities is
SubrogaLion is broad enough to cover every inslance in which one person is required to pay a debt for
which another is primarily
Fidelity & G. Co. y
answerable, and which in equity ad good conscience ought to be discharged by the lauter. United States
BramweH, IO 0r261. 217 p 32 ALR S29 332f
269. St1BROGtIE: A persn who by tubrogation acquires the rights ofanother persin.
270, SUBROGOR; One whose rights are acquired by another through subrogatior.
271 Ls. Ab5rviation oflocus sigilli, the place ofthc seal. As to the effect ofihe letters
.
L.S.' appearing on an instrument, as a seal, see 47
Am lIst Seals 4.
exturt r obtain mwuty by Jlazelon
272. RACKETEER: Ijsingoiies psiîion, speially a positii as offlcr fa labor nion,
f
organized use ofthreats eorcicri intimidation, and violanee to

compel the paymern fbi actuai or
Murray, 21 NJ I 15. 121 A2t L. The
protection fees, royalties, or service rates.
alleged services afarbitrary or ewcssivc charges under the guise oL'membership dues
United States y McGLon (DC Pa) 19 F Supp 285. 286.
tther vaIuble thing by conipilsion,
271 EXTORTJON: Oppression under color er right: the criminal offense ufobtaining money or taldng by an officer ofthe law. by color
will; more technically defined as the unlawful
acthal force. or force ofmotives applied to the
tohim. arthc lakingofmore than isdi.ie. orthe taking.o(moncy
betbre it
ofhisoftiec otany money orthiiìg ofvaluc that isnot duc

Extort* I. A methodofabuse ofpreces.
Am J2d Abuse P 12.
1 Am
¡s due. 8sah y State 19 Ariz 195. If8 P508; 31
.12cl
or attempts to conimi extortion or

274, RACICETEERING An organized conspiracy to commit the crimes ofextorlion or coercion,
:
the obtaining ofmoncy or property om another, with his cornent. induced by the
cocrcion From the standpoint of extortion, it is
element in exiortion is induced by oral or written
wrongful use offorce or fcar. [he fear vhich constitutes the tegally necessary
means ofecplosives, fire. or otherwise: and (o kill. kidnap.
threats to do an unlawfiiìinjwy to the properly ofthe threatened person by
some raem,er ofhis Froni the standpoint ofeoercisrn. i usca1y skes the Thrin
or injtrc hirn t a refrdiv ofhis or làrnily.
from doing a act which sut.h other peson has the
compding by use ofsinsilarthreais t person orpmperty a persoii to do or abstain
association to protect l'is right to conduct a busineis or
legal right to abstain from doing, such as joining a so-clJed protective
do or
trade. United States V. MeOlone, D.C. Pa., 19 F .Supp. 285,
287.
ofwar; more broadly defined for the purposes ofanme

statutes. as
275 ENEMY: iothcrnaEion with which the c0110tiy is in a stac
with which the country is at war. 56 Am
J lt War
§ R3. Narrowly interpreted.
includingthe inditniduals and eurioraLion oía notion
ourovernment or country. United Slates y
au 'enen s alwa the gubiect ola foein power, who owes no allegiance to
parson engaged againstthe United States in a rebc'l)ion or
(ìrcathousCC Cafl 3 Sawy 457. 4&, F Cas No 15254. Reasónably.
a
of the
'eneny." 56 Am
JI st War § 62. The status of person as an "tuemy" for 111e purposes ofthe application
;iviJ war s
to domicil or residence in the territory nfthe mction which is
Trading with the Enemy Act is determined with reference
entagainst the United States rather than according o nationaiity 56 Jist War §Am
83. Forthe purpOseS olsucli
corporation. eruther bodyofindividuas. 56 JIst War Am

83.
statute. an 'enetny' may he a partnership.
Page 16 of IS
276. ENEMY PROPERTY: AJI property within enemy territory. Itstiffercd to remain in the hostiFe counùy alter the war breaks out, t
becomes impressed with thc naiional charatcr ofihe bcIIigcrent where t is situated without regard to thc wnr's sentiments or
political opinkrns, or hetIjer he is an enemy or a Iliend. The Petethoff(tJS) 5 Wall 28. 18 L Ed 5M. Under the Trading with the
Eiiemv Act money cud all knd ofproperty ofeemies, both tangibk and intangth[c, including patents. copyriJit, applications
herc1or. iiademarks. dioses i action, atad clam5 ofeveív haracer md descrpLion, owirtgto, eIongìng , beki for ty or on
:couit oC lOT the bendit o the enemy may b seau&rd 56 Am 31st War §
277. SEQIJESTR: To seize property under a writ fscquesration. (Civil lew.) To renounce or reInquisi a ñgt or cIam; o ¿Jsclim.
Se sequestration.
2)8 SEQUESTRATLON M eiuitablc writ or process and the remedy thereunder by which property is taken into the possession oF the
court in order to assure obedencc lo a decree. 47 Am JJst Seques Equitab'e
2 rcIifiz aid fa pnrly to an action orejectment by a
scizare cfthc rents aid profits for preservation during the pedency ofthe action. 2 Am J2d Eject 78. The sei'urc ofthe husbanth
property as a reiiedy in a 3oathanoiial aetion in order to prevent a ddnquent husband tw &ther froni eseapn his liability for aiinooy
or support by leaving the stase. Sniith y Smith 255 App Div 652, 9 NYS2d 188. A doctrine ofcqwty which originated in the doctrine
ofcquitablc ejection, and under which, when the widow elects to take against the will ofher husband, the general rule is Ihat the
property given to her by such instrument will be sequestrcd for the benefit ofthose whose gìfts under t1i wilt are disturbed by the
action ofthewidow in dectin to akc against it. 7 Am list Wills
79. SEQUESTRT1QN RECECVERSR(P: A reeeiversh ip established n a sequestration proeecdiag against a corpora'ton. 45 .Am J I st
Rix3.
280. SEQUESTRATOR: A party at whose instance a sequestration procecIing is prosecuted in a court of equity.
28 I. RECIIIVER'S CFRTIF[CATE: A certificate or evidence of indebtedness. issued under order ofthc court by a receiver ja possession
ofproperty in payment for goods or services purchased or engaged by ihe receiver payable oot fa particular fund ii the receivership,
and usualy constituting a first lien ori the property in the recehership 45 Am Jst Ree 366.
282. RECEIVERSHIP: The means of reachirtg a 1etirnaie end rough the exercise of the equilabe power oîtlie court r under sLaattcr
authorization by appointing one known as a receiver with property to seize and taie costody oCproperty. An ancillary remedy.
sometimes in the nature ofa provisional remedy, whereby the preservation ofproperty in litigation s accomplished by placing it in
the posssson of a receiver appointed by the eouit Pereira y Wulf, 3 Mont 343. 272 P 532. AlI quitabIe remedy for the
dissolutioii or reorganization oía corporation iii fininciat ílisfress.
283 DISCLAiMER; A renundation o refiisa to accept A refiisa to recogni the existence of an ob!igation A rithsaI to retain title
obLaned as the gmntee ofa deed not accepted by the grantee. 23 Am J2d Deeds $ !27. The object ofa deed is to transflr property. but
the object ofa disciaLmer is t prevenL a transfer. Watson y Watson, I 3 Conu Si 85.
In patent law procedure. a statement filed by the patentee for the surrender ofa separate claim in the patent, or some other distinct and
separable matter, vhich cm be exscinded without mutilating nr chaniug what is left standing. 40 Am J Ist Pat 105.
A pkzdiï filed by a defendant in a suit n equity, setting forth that he has no interest n the subjcct mattcr olthe snit 27 Am J2d Eq §
196.
2H4. DISRATEONARE: To exonerate uiics self; to establish ionocençe

285. EXONERAItF: To eonerate to discharge; to release from liability; to free.
2& EXONERATION: Absolving ofachargc or imputation ofgutlt the lifting ofa burden; adiscb&g arelease from liability; the
J2d
applicalion ofthe personal property ofari intestate to the payment ofhls debts and the relieLofhis real property thcrcfrom 2 Am
1
1 & M 3l See eonteibition: imlemnity.

some aid in causing, the result.
2ß7. CONTRIBUTE: To make a gilt with others, as Lo acoLnlnhtnily chest: to help to cause, or to furnish
Broschart y Tuttte, 9 Conn 1, 21 A 925. In the ordinary signilication ofthe word, one thing ìs understoad tc conhributcr to a given
result when such ththg has some share or agency in producing such result, arid is not understood to convey the idea that such Thing
such result would not have occurred: lbr it is possible that such result
was the eflicicnt caustt ofsuch result in the sense that without it
ofthc thing which supposed to have had some share or ageiiey in producing such result.
may have occorred. even thein absence is
Wragge V South Carolina & Georgia RailrosS Co. 47 SC 105. 25 SE 76.

28 NEMO TENETUR ARMARE ADVRSARIUM CONTRA SE: No One is Bouud to ARM his adversary ainst himself.
289. COMM UNISf4: En the pristine serise the ownership of the means ofproductin by the eömiun ity, each member
ofihe commun iLy
his need; in common usage ofThe present
participating in production according Io his aMlity and sharing in the products according to
suceessors in Russia a the
day, sugcstive ofthe theories of .4arx and Lenin asid the politics and authoritarian iule of Stalin and his
leaders hi China since the PcopIe' Republic was proclaimed in 1949W
COIWMUI'IIST: One who belive in communism; a member ofthe Communist Parry. See commuiusm.
290.
society, where
291 . COMMUNISTiC TENURE: The tenure in which land is held by a religious or other incorporated or unincorporated ReH Soc 52.
their property to be held in common foi- the benefit ofall. See 45 Am ilsE
the members have surrendered (u it
conimunisin theory.
oileu the only p1itical party. in vnriou countries, supporting
in
292 COMMUNIST PARTY: A political pirty, the Unihfi States,
alLhou not absoutdy in aetice. and uphoidng authoritarian forms ofgovernment a DûIitie1 nrts in
namerically weak, bist now operating with legality.
favors the creation oía socialist state such as prevails in
291 RED: modern parlance, a characterìation ofa commuuit or one who
lo
person who believes in disobtdience to the laws of
private
Russia and its saLellite couutries A term susceptible io construction as a
property by thtstat. Toorney y Jones, 124 OkIa 167.254 P 736. 51 ALR 1066.
p!opI?rtv and theannrorriatiom ofajlsvch
Page 17 of 18
294. BLACKLIST: A gcnerc term that may be defined as a list ofpersons marked out for special avoidance on the part c[Lhose among
wbom the list is intended to circubte, bui whkh. as the tenu s now most generafly understood, refers to lists ofdîcharged employees
sent by the dischargii employerto other employers. 3 1 Am I Rev ed Lab 83; and Ea lhc Iisthig ofnames with information
transmitted by a union member or agent to others with the intention that the resu't will be to prevent or terminate Ehe mploymcnt of
the workmen aigain1 whom the information ia drce1c± und to make it impossib foc them to obLin other emi1øymeit wthtn th
jurisdiction ofthe unioi,. Anno: ALR2d 125.
295. BLACJQ1A1L A erimina) offense as a form of extortion; usually, extDrtiou by threat ofcxposur of a ci-minal ofFcnsc by, or of'
some conduct or act of, the victim which, ifrnade public, will operate to his disadvantage; occasionally applied to extortion by threat
ofviolenee to the victim or members ofhis family. 3 I Am J2d Exior I & Mother meaning ofthc lerm ¡s bhirk rcnts
296. BLACKRENTS: Rents, a!s called reditus nigri" and Lthekivail, payable in work, grath. Ór nncy than siher, as
di3tinguishe from white re'it. which was payable jo silver or white money. See í Comm 4
297. DE FACTO CORPORATE OFFICER: An officer ofn corporation in possession of, and e,ercising the powers of the office undr
the c'aim and color ofm etection or appointment a'though he is no an officer dejure and may be removed by proper proceedings. 19
AmJ2dCorp 1100.
298. DE FACTO CORPORATION: A orpera1ion in fact, an apparent eoip&rate organization asserted to bc a corporation by its
members. and actua1y acting as ieh. but lacking Che çretive fiat ofthc law-an organiatior with color ofiaw. exeeising corpoiate
rights and fnche, the rgtit ofwhic!ì lo corporale functions and atrributes is complete is iganst all the world, excptih
sovcreign ! Auj J2d Corp 49
299. DE F.CTO D1SSOLUT1ON That dissolution ofa corporation which takes place, in substance and in fad, in the case of
corporations organîed for pecuniaiy gaia, wheii the corporation, by reason of inovency or for other reason, stspends all its
perations and goes into 1iquidtion. Ynurec y 1-Ionic Town Mut. Ins. Co. lO Mo 153, 164. 79 SW 175.
3O0 DE F4CTO COVERNMENT: A new memmeifl which exercises undisputed sway overThe entire conty. the former egtablished
government having been nullified by sucecsful rebeI1on or havirn lost the surniort ofthe people
A tie f.cto 2owernment iu'ises where the established go'vernmenl has been sub''erted by rebellion, so that the íew ovemment
exercises undisputed sway for the time bcing over the entire country. or where the people of any portion of a country subject to the
same government throw offtheir allegiance to that government and establish one oftheir own, and show not onlythat thoy have
esabli1ted a goverrrienL bui also their ability to mainlain il 30 Am I Rev ed ntemat L 12.
Pane l8of 18

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300 Words to get an understanding of the LAWS and what form of Government we are under.

ALR I . In common usage. an act in violation ofa moral prirciple.

inking. 57 Am Ist Wills

the ur that tìcy rna aet on probabilìhs

with reasonable certamty. Coppinger y Broderick, 3 Aniz 473. 295 P

greater weibt ofevidence ¡ri

cautious man in believing in the IruIb ofihe statement pleaded

is libelous or disparaging ola produeL

rc[iefaddressd to a court of equity

MSsOL(TTIo' OF ATTACHMENT OR GARNISHMENT: Theteinio fan attathnt or gmbhm po thehacning

ut ditingtished from thrdgn.

choice. State ex rei. Mueller vThempson. 149 Wis48& 137NW 20.

Sec bill of rights.

198P377, I8ALR 393.

race ofme found in the United States.

nation. Such a tribe may properly b deemed

Ó7. INDiANS: Thc aborigines ofthis country are so caJied.

nr apmnon. ¿nno: 23 A R 10.

jurisdiction f'or a specific purpose. Kelly y Conner, 22 Tccin 3 39, 1 23 SW 622.

settling properly by deed or will o that the renta

and profits shall

uame ofthe one first aropri2tin2 it. 52 Am Jist Trdcni §

tIte violation by it afthe Laws ofwar. 56 Am Jist War § 3 et seq.

A trcpas. A coing upon the prope1y ofanother wTttiouL right or authority. As an

intmion o any part of the

1w?. The powcrs ofa corporation efltiia(c the poweo expressly

thc exercise ofeorporaic posrs. Am i2d Corp 4.

i29. NCORtORATØ Srnc a corporator.

i 33. MEMßERSHP CLWflFICATE; cerü1kte of membershp.

146. Per the ContitiiÍìon: Preanihie:

To borrow inoncy on tie cndit oíthe United States.

147. PRAYER: A supplication addressed to God.

formal part ofhis bill. name the

defendant. su that he may be brought into court. 27 Am J2d Eq. 182.

the beginning ofihe Constitution ofthe

titic to real property, known in

dancer ìfihe tiis.ilc claim. 44 Am

A A Barstow y Stone. 10 Colo .&p 296, 52 P 48. A

many xecutivc magistrates,

and consequently the laws of one stale do not

commaítd in civil society, and

commwdt of free citizens. occupying a tcrritoc efdefnd boendartes. ttod

2:. A fundamental act ofkgislafioci by

corpnratin by a formai act oa the part of the

CREDITOR Rn Ward. 48 NY 204.

where controlled by a stathic which dispenses with the necessity of a scat.

corporale obligation. 19 Am 32d Corp 1059; aI common law. a scaled

overnmen bond. mortoage bend. debenture or ether investment bond_

Trinidad (liS) 7 Wheat 2x3. 5 1 Ed 45&

coatraiy th tie will ofCongress. on may make ofihe pod office

prescribing a ground for atiachracal,

respotisthilily or obligation. S1at Say. Bank y Black, 91 Iowa 490, 59

Mich 232, 246 NW 90. 87 ALR 79L

237. RENUNCiATION OF CiTIZENSHiP: See expatriation oath ofaiiegiance.

others. AdamsvHcnderson. 16S US57342 L Ld S4. ISS Ct J79

but not necessarily occupancy as ofones dwel king piace. 27 Am J st Improv

Paul M. & M. R. Co. y DQnihCC. 210 US 21. 52 L Ed 941. 28 S Ct 600:

See 35 Am J2d lore E&D 58.

248. NEMO J3UOBUS UTATUROFFIC1IS: NO ONE shouhtoççuny tywooWces.

I'FMO PIUfUENS PUNIT if £RAETERTA REVOCENTUR,

organized use ofthreats eorcicri intimidation, and violanee to

ofhisoftiec otany money orthiiìg ofvaluc that isnot duc

or attempts to conimi extortion or