Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Simple Harmonic Motion

    Uploaded by

    TYAN HARON
    21 views11 pages
    It's about simple harmonic motion

    Original Title

    Simple Harmonic motion

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    It's about simple harmonic motion

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    21 views11 pages

    Simple Harmonic Motion

    Uploaded by

    TYAN HARON
    It's about simple harmonic motion

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 11
    Simple Harmonic 23 Motion 2. important Terms. 3. General Conditions of Simple Harmonic Motion, 4. Velocity and Acceleration of a Particle Moving with Simple Harmonic Motion, 5. Maximum Velocity and Acceleration of a Particle Moving with Simple. Harmonie Motion, 23.1. INTRODUCTION Inthe previous chapters, we have discussed the motion of particles or bodies in a straight line or in rotation, But in this chapter, we shall discuss the ‘motion of a particle or point along a circular path and its effect on one of its diameters. Consider a particle starting from x and moving round the circumference of circle in an anti-clockwise direction, with a constant angular velocity, as shown in Fig. 23.1. Let P be the position of the particle at ‘any instant and be the projection of P on the diameter ¥-Y' of the circle, 410 Chapter 23 : Simple Harmonic Motion m 471 It will be interesting to know that when the point P moves round the circumference of the circle from x to y, N moves from 0 to y ; when P moves from y to x’, N moves from y to O. Similarly, when P moves from x’to y’, N moves from 0 to y’, and finally when P moves from y'to x, N moves from y'to 0. Hence, as P completes one revolution, the point N completes one vibration about the point O. This to and fro motion of N is known as Simple harmonic motion, briefly ‘written as S.HM. 23.2. IMPORTANT TERMS ‘The following terms, which will be frequently used in this chapter, should be clearly understood at this stage 1. Amplitude. is the maximum displacement of a body, from its mean position, In Fig. 23.1, Oy and Oy’ is the amplitude of the particle N. The amplitude is always equal to the radius of the circle. 2. Oscillation. Ibis one complete vibration of a body. In Fig. 23.1, when the body moves from y to’ and then back to y (or in other words from Oto y, yyto,y'and then y'to O), its said to have completed ‘one oscillation. 3. Beat. Itis half ofthe oscillation, In Fig. 23.1, when the body moves from y toy" ory’ toy (orin other words O to "and then y' to O), itis said to have completed one beat Fig. 231. SHM. 4. Periodic time. tis the time taken by a particle for one complete oscillation, Mathematically, periodic time, rat where (= Angular velocity of the particle in rads Itis thus obvious, that the periodic time of a S.H.M. is independent of its amplitude. 5S. Frequency Itsthe numberof eyes per secondandisequal to © where isthe periodic time. Frequency is generally denoted by the letter ‘n’, The unit of frequency is hertz (briefly written Hz) which means frequency of one cycle per second, 23.3. GENERAL CONDITIONS OF SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION In general, a body is said to move or vibrate, with simple harmonic motion, if it satisfies the following twa conditions 1, Its acceleration is always directed towards the centre, known as the point of reference or ‘mean position, 2. Its acceleration is proportional to the distance from that point. 472 mA Texthook of Engineering Mechanics 23.4. VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION OF A PARTICLE MOVING WITH SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION y Consider a particle moving along the circumference of a circle, of radius r with a uniform angular velocity of radians/see as shown, in Fig. 23.2. Let P be the position of the particle at some instant after 1 see 3} from X. Therefore, angle turned by the particle, O=ar rad ‘and displacement of the point NV (.e. projection of P on the vertical ¥ diameter ¥-¥’ of the circle), Fig. 232. Particle moving y=ON=rsin@ ‘wih BWM. rsin or “ Differentiating this equation with respect to time f, Be rec0s a i) 4 A or velocity, v= royi— sin? or From equation (), we find that in? 8 + cos? sin at = ‘Substituting this value of sin wr in the above equation, or velocity, veo (r-y ‘Now differentiating equation (i) with respect to time t, (i) ‘or acceleration, (Substituting y=, sino) Note. The minus sign shows thatthe direction of acceleration is opposite tothe diretion in which y increases, the aceleration is always directed towards the point ©. But in actual practice, this relation is used as. a = @y Example 23.1. The piston ofa steam engine moves with simple harmonic motion. The crank rotates at 120 rp.m. and the stroke length is 2 metres, Find the velocity and acceleration of the iston, when itis at a distance of 0.75 metre from the centre. Solution. Given : Frequency of piston (N) = 120 rp.m ; stroke length ! = 2 m or radius (7) = 1 mand distance of piston from the centre (9) = 0.75 m Velocity of piston ‘We know that angular velocity of piston, Chapter 23 : Simple Harmonic Motion m 473 Velocity of piston, voor ix fay — 0.75" = 8.3. mis Ams. Acceleration of piston ‘We know that acceleration of piston, a= ay = (4n)? x 0,75 = 118.4 mis? Ans, Example 23.2. A body; moving with simple harmonic motion, has an amplitude of Tmeter and the period of complete oscillation is 2 seconds. What will be the velocity and acceleration of the body after 04 second from the extreme position? Solution. Given : Amplitude (r) = 1 m; Periodic time (7) = 2 and time taken by the body from extreme position = 0.4, Velocity ofthe body Now let 0 be the centre, Yan extremity of the motion and P the position of the body after (04 sec from Yas shown in Fig. 23.3. Therefore time required by the body to travel from Yo P =04s , Welaoy sine gid yt dy oso om O8¥ , Lerabaa-08s ld * oO x ie oie osm 0108 assessors 0 Welaoy tangy tty L me rath gy ras Besa i) Displacement of the body after 04 sec from the extreme position (or 0.1 second from the mean position), re0s (= 1 c0s (7x 0.1)= 1 cos 18° m (nx 0.1 = 1800. =0.95 m veoyF— Acceleration of the body ‘We know that acceleration of the body, a= y= (n)?x0.95=9.38 mist Ans. Velocity of the body, [? — (0.95)? =0.98 m/s Ans. Example 23.3. Find amplitude and time period of a particle moving with simple harmonic ‘motion, which has a velocity of 9 mis and 4 mis at the distance of 2 m and 3 m respectively from the centre Solution. Given : When velocity (v,) = 9 mvs, distance from centre (y,) = 2 m and when velocity (v,) = 4 mis, distance from centre (3) = 3m Amplitude of the particle Let r= Amplitude of the particle, and (= Angular velocity of the particle. 4TA wm A Texthook of Engineering Mechanics ‘We know that velocity of the particle, 9-0-2 = or -4 ao) and 4-oyP -@F -ayP -9 oid) Dividing equation () by Gi) or «(Squaring both sides) 81-7292 16-64 or 657° = 665 = V1023 =3.2 m Time-period of the particle ‘Substituting this value of rin equation (i), 9= 08.2) ~4 = 0624 = 0x25 9 o= 236 nas a5 ‘We know that ime period, 2m _2n 7727 lias Ans. @ 36 “ Example 23.4. In a system, the amplitude of the motion is 5 m and the time is 4 seconds. Find the time required by the particle in passing between points which are at distances of 4 m and 2 im from the centre of force and are on the same side of it. Solution. Given: Amplitude (r)=5m ;Time taken (7) =4 see and distances of the point (9,) =4 mand (9 ‘We know that angular velocity of the particle, r 2x _2n BaF 00s a }¥ T 4 VT lom and displacement of particle (), « ope 4rsinor Sm sin or, =4=08 5 y om, = 581° Fg. 234 5 or = Similarly 2=rsin or, 2 or sin on =2=04 an on, = 23.6° or p= 28-0265 90 Chapter 23 : Simple Harmonic Motion = 475. ‘Time required in passing between the two points, Example 23.5. A body performing simple harmonic motion has a velocity of 12 mis when the displacement is 50 mm, and 3 mls when the displacement is 100 mm, the displacement being ‘measuerd from the mid-point, Calculate the frequency and amplitude of the motion. What is the acceleration when the displacement is 75 mm ? Solution. Given : Velocity (»,) = 12 mis, when displacement (y,) = $0 mm = 0,05 m and velocity (v,) = 3 mvs, when displacement ( y,)= 100 mm = 0.1 m Amplitude of the motion Let ‘r= Amplitude of the motion, and Angular displacement of the body, ‘We know that velocity of the body, ve@yr -y . 12=@yr? ~ (0.05) ? — 9.0025 @ Similarly 3=0yP -0.1F =P - 001 i) Dividing equation (9 and (i) 12_ oF? — 0.0025 3 wF = 001 # — 0.0025 PF =o (Squaring both sides) 0.0025 = 0.01 16? —0.16 =P — 0.0025 15/2 =~ 0,0025 + 0.16 = 0.1575 16 or Frequency of the motion Substituting the value of rin equation (?), 12 =o Yio.102 0025 = © x 0.09 on 2 305 ‘We know that frequency of the motion, 33.3 radisee 212M Ans. Ton Acceleration when the displacement is 75 mm ‘We know that acceleration of the body when y is 75 mmm or 0.075 m, a= oy = (133.3)? x 0.075 = 1332.6 m/s? Ans. 476 = A Texthook of Engineering Mechanics EXERCISE 23.1 1. A particle, moving with simple harmonic motion, has an acceleration of 6 m/s? ata distance of 1.5 m from the centre of oscillation. Find the time period of the oscillation, (Ans. 3.1425) 2 Abody weighing 150'N, moves with simple harmonic motion. The velocity and acceleration ofthe body when tis 200mm from the centre of ostillation are Sms.nd 20 vs? respectively. Determine (a) amplitude of motion and (#) no. of vibration per minute (Ans, 539 mm ; 95.5) 3. A particle moves with simple harmonic motion. When the particle is 0.75 m from the mid- path, its velocity is 11 m/s and when 2 m from the mid-path its velocity is 3 m/s. Find the angular velocity, periodic time and its maximum acceleration. (Ans, 5.7 radie ; 1.1 6 ; 67.25 mis? 4, A particle moving with simple harmonic motion, has a velocity of 20 mys at its central position. Ifthe particle makes two oscillations_per second, find (i) amplitude of motion and (ii) velocity at 1/4th the distance of the amplitude. (Ans, 1.59 m ; 19.35 mis) 23.5. MAXIMUM VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION OF A PARTICLE MOVING WITH SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION We have already discussed in Art. 23.4, that the velocity of a particle moving with simple harmonic motion, veo Foy o A little consideration will show, that the velocity is maximum, When y=00or when N passes through 0 i.e. its mean position. Therefore, ‘maximum velocity Vas = OF «i may be noted from equation () that its velocity is zero when y =r ie. when N passes through Y" or ¥ as showa in Fig. 28.2. At these points, N is momentarily at rest. We have also discussed that the ration ofa particle moving with simple harmonic motion, a=0y ai Alitte consideration will show that the acceleration is maximum when the value of ys maximum ory = i.e. when N passes through Y or Y. Therefore maximum acceleration, Bg = OF ) may also be noted from equation (i) that the acceleration is zero, when y =0 or when N passes through O i.e. its mean position, Ibis Simple pendulum the most thus obvious, thatthe acceleration is proportional to the distance from 0, ie, mean position, ‘commen example for SHML Example 23.6. A body is vibrating with simple harmonic motion of amplitude 100 mm, and frequency 2 vibrations/sec, Calculate the maximum velocity and acceleration Solution. Given : Amplitude (r) = 100 mm = 0.1 m and frequency of body (N’) = 2 vibsec. Maximum velocity ‘We know that angular velocity of the body, (= 2nN=2n x2 =4n rads Chapter 23 : Simple Harmonic Motion m 477 257 ms Ans. and maximum velocity, nae = 702 0.1 49 Maximum acceleration ‘We also know that maximum acceleration, Ogg = OFF = (AM)? 0.1 = 15.79 mis? Ams, Example 23.7. A particle, moving with simple harmonic motion, performs 10 complete ‘oscillation per minute and its speed, is 60% of the maximum speed when itis at a distance of 8 cm from the centre of oscillation, . Find amplitude, maximum acceleration of the particle. Also find speed of the particle, when itis 6 cm far from the centre of oscillation. Solution. Given : No, of oscillation/min = 10 and when displacement (y) = 8 em velocity, (0) = 60% Vue = 0.5 Vg Amplitude of the particle ‘We know that no. of oscillations per sec 1 0 6 ‘Time-period of the motion 6 =S-6s M=t and angular velocity, Linear velocity, or (ys y=8om) ‘Squaring both sides, 0.647? = 64 ae 64 or r= 100 =10.em Ans. Maximum acceleration ofthe particle ‘We know that maximum aoceleration ofthe panicle, Anag = OF = (4) x10 = 10.97 em’/s Ans, Speed of the particle when it is 6 cm from the centre of oscillation ‘We know that speed of the particle when its 6 em from the centre of osilation, (10)? ~ (6) = 8.38 cm/s Ans. 478 m= A Texthook of Engineering Mechanics Example 23.8. A prismatic bar AB of weight W is resting on rough rollers rotating with ‘equal angular velocity in opposite directions as shown below : Fig. 235 Ifthe bar is so placed on the rollers that its e.g. is displaced from ihe middle plane and] released, show that the bar executes a simple harmonic motion. Also find the lime period, i the coefficient of friction is wand the distance between the wo rollers is 2a Solution. Let the weight W ofthe bar AB acting at its centre of gravity G be at a distance » from its mid point as M as shown in Fig 23.6, Fg. 238 R,, F,= Corresponding values forthe right roller. ‘Taking moments about the left support and equating the same, R,x2a= Wats) _Wa+s & 2a Similarly a-We-9 2a ‘We know that force of friction atthe lef colle, =u, Similarly Fy =5k = ‘and resultant forces of friction, HW(ata) BW (as) Wer 2a 2a a Chapter 23 : Simple Harmonic Motion m 479 ‘We know that this resultant force of friction is equal to the product of mass of the bar and its acceleration. BW Wg op at a8 5 Since acceleration in he above equations proportnsto (dance rome eae of the ba) sth ar enecaes asinplehatonie ott Ans Periditine ‘We know that periodic time in case of a simple harmonic motion, oon [Promicememt _ 4, EE og [km V acceleration a Nie EXERCISE 23.2 1. Aparticle moving with simple harmonic motion of amplitude 150 mm is subjected to an angular Velocity of 2 rad/s. What isthe maximum velocity and maximum acceleration ofthe particle ? (Ans, 300 mms; 600 mm/s?) 2. ‘The time period ofa simple harmonic motion is 6 seconds, and the particle oscillates through a

    You might also like