GRAVITATIONACCELERATION Due ars VARIATION OF a Due To a — aa % aNbea GRAVITATIONAL ; Feud CE) nl IOI aS aDD due, to au the TAKIN Ae Prec POTENTIAL (V ) ans GRAVITATIONAL ae oN Peon nau ENERGY CU) EscaPE VELOCITYed depined ob phe aweleration aah up dna beady while galling greey on He etek of Gray owe edt da vector pany. * The vawe changes with hep, and rokation of she tadh 5 dhe dy FES RE a i ec ” d o The value on dhe Aur ace of the earth is 48m 7. => _Derivalton q Expvasion Auctleration due so aut ly © C4 consider he earth bo be made convent AWS ond a pole mass m sidvakad aka dintena rv from the conte. The pot Mies oukaide He sphere of radi and dhe point P tte inside df dhe Hell's vodiuh — a gree dhan 1. smaller Aphere exerts adore on amas m ok Poo Sy ts mess my ch woneandtakel ok Jkt contre . The pre oe mas m ak f had a snag ni bude & = Ym(a) —@ Y> Mass on du eth ix M= Un A? p where , m= mash of dhe earth , f= vedlius of the eardh and. of = density of dhe arth Meas on sphere ib wp = tyebobakidoding the valves d mr in Ey Ci), we have C= Gm 4K pr* m Mor > 3 ea Rs = F=q Mm [Cereal re Fron Newdon's peiond daw , we How, Fwy se =om Oe Ausleradion die to grail gr a a wae volves Of = 69 xi “4 and A=64x10%, d= 44 als* A pkar a6 dimeS Khe mass ape pon ond caliap sed bo a.sixe 9 lg (a km vobates with a ppeed of ba re fe sean (Extremely mei Ac bora of Jub tnd ave Haowmn ab newlton Hort. Contain 4 Life Ww elong Jo MB cakegory). with an objet fplsctd on dks exputor romain 7 Alek to dts IY due do grata oe of Hie ton = Ax 10 Hg). Cueeat] | | be we are yon abs, meade Aker, te M= dex ax 1" | = 5x10 “iy | Baki Akar ,R= 12 Km= a x 0! 1 propery a ronnie, vers- it He actelevalion due Jo oyavity on dub surface of tke Akar, d a qr ae = seta o"nsx we m|s* a Cra x0)? = 23x to% mS? Centr fogal oucleration (4) -prodvunl tn dhe otfec at He eqyator re a= Ru? = Rx(anvy =4n 97h YX GBEX (65)? x 12x 10" m[s* or a = = 1X 108 m]s™ ae inet gre jhe off wt remain abu Se dks porfece alae te gral How wilh you ‘welph dhe ton), Shak th jeatimete ks mass { The mene orbihls radius af dhe eenth areund dhe sun ia [5% 10? Ken. lng : Jhe mean orbital radius o the Earth arrord dhe Lun, LneertI] 5 xin S6S-25x 24x bo X608 R= LS x10" kon Time fared T: Fak Soe mast of dhe on be M and dat of Berth dem According Jo Jaw 4 gravitation Fe —_— que Conketpetal fore, Zé amy = mk Ww — i) R From oy"(i) and (F) , we hove wv hue mee foweae]= Nariation of aucleralton due Jo gravity: @ é ALKSvAL : or Acceleration due uo gravtty Above de orlaw re aety # mJ sez: A es ‘mm? Sa mn nce, of ears le oly Of Aylrg on soc gf Earth's med ds 'm) de pads ‘2? By, cee de do grautly ak forge ut be I° ” annge* —@ | q@em: Nets body 2 madd Son? okaken bo 4 e elit HT © ocboue, poppe of earth bo jace- due to greatly ot betht “He! will be iy + => OM = 94 (e+4>— @) We cn we, O=@ aK = oh (A+) > =o Jn B* (Ren) ™ ace: due, eT" n=_Jd wae. LGY peek, therfore HR wt Very Amal, then expanding the cipht hand aide of He above eqpakion y Binomial dtorem and neglecting Aqpared: ond. Hyher power CHR, we got jaar me d ra Acceleration due te graity ak Mah 94 = 9 ( rap) (&) The auelerabion due Jo gravPiy on Me seth a y grat " bor Juue of dhe = OM — joe —O et \f' te the densi He va earth. we as vate 94 Sarg ae i“ a M= 4 xR x 3 ‘Sf Avbsiituting bn qyatton O we get Ie xbaeixf Hox Gky gears —® gaz 4x 4 (ty —O Dividing pation ©) ty @ we get Waa ek ofa. ’ po Re)=afi-d re) (9 Exe rf tokakion 4 eardh * Rodabfon 24 Earth obouk Tes dun Axia oY urd dhe ltr Velod 4 vedation of earth absut jks own © axis, den alton due Jo gary ot a plac having Jali dude a dh given toy 12 9- Rit® ws2r Ab gous, Saale" and gag Shere ch ne ofeck f vetation of corth abuk Jes awn odd ate Wer 4 Ae AO" and 9'= 9- he> She ne 99 ee equ. y cath Abops Jts rok abion abst cht own axis, Hang will remain on changed ack pales ‘but Snureates, by Rw a eqpator. o (REET WoesFond) T (Oss: A welyhs 63.N on dhe porfece Y She Cath. What cb dhe ' r= yout ° jae ond ‘ue 3 bn ake height eye de elf He tadlub of He ark? Ans: Ak gy be the oucleration due Jo grauttg ak a Help en oak half the radii of He Earth (A= Ble) and j value on Ear, | orga. Ak Je fly have, mass m we Kuow bak | | GY ie) s+ lh | WW te the ight toy on JM surf of Earth and Ny deeen, Wa > mya = Jk = | ™ d q or, Wy = 4w=4 yoan= 2en | 1 | > [B16 Aatomi ee as te Horn mat dy | 8: fs At mul paid sg vg toy “ do dhe en me St weighed 250N dhe poate | we al$) mera) r tere dak > | | mya = (252) ( \- Bl) Asem = lasn | Le he Apace armund a mastriel body sn which Shs grasttakional “pull can te ex polened y odker bodies. “4 ae “hm {See fa ot 3 ef Msp fg ° Tndeuly 4 ravi eabionad. field aka distime from 6 ‘beay mass Mo dk ghen ab €=£ = GM m r FES a echor quendity tnd Shs directon i Yowerd MMe toler of jrenyfe te Gravitelionel spotouieh aka palsk dno Grevitetional fold cis degined athe Gmaonk of worl done dn wig @ Ze mas fom git ly de that “pont uttaut a dion ty foutkaHonal, potenti ata Soht: ve ve m ~ of edenm fede =o sie Te Bo peal qponttly. Ihe Dae) diettatont spatoutel fa Sx dgstem cs Sky" and dn CGS sys ab ayy" Dinewtonal forme er rotation poked © Ler]. —> bpeil ses + wen 100, Hien V0, hence Gratton ‘potential ui manctmvm (xere) ak dngiily - Ak poate of She cart v= 2, dhen => Relalon between dHonel and Crravis ae Gyravidbaton Tohouty (5) Grovitattonal, Gravisotionel Sntouitty (x) us related 0 oyauibaboned spodentel () ok pol ty wilin J m=-dv dr wwe pin Uindiades dat Me akicecion of Suboullly cs dat olfrecHon where We pakadiel decreases.T BBal + Too 4004 cach mss 100%) and yadiub 10 mech, = pdased 0 m aparton a Ftortnoutel “able. wie B Hoe auth aHfowal fuk” and pobentfel ok due mil point of dhe tne | Sig ae contts fe Apher, than obj ob Sate pent ain epidtbriom °% Ye ade eypilfoviom Akihlé or unstable! | at Hore oy = 66+ nena Mm 00Ky | R= O-Im, aitamce, teWean doe ppheres A= rom. Avppose that he. datence of of her Apkere. fro | dhe mld —pefrtdve to Jwo pplares will be opel and opposite. | Hence He reso Ltont grathattenel fied ak Me mid polit =0 | PRE ravi fotolia, ak Me mid poi = (- art) xa | | TBF oy tooxa = - 2-008 nit ag Os pie objeck placed ok dha pelt wold te Jin Aboble eyllibrivm. + eee) vaikaktonal potedial energy of a abe port 4 (ned a2 the anuunt Ht Gi an ‘sige Sh gi bi rom snpintty ko “Sthak spebdé against Gravion pre Cyrantdattnal, potolial eneyy, = (- Git) xm Yr. “ fe oprest tos Podcstl energy =tyrattatonl potest x mas he body Ti ba ale a Aular qwantity,44 (Eason A Sakwike bo which ch reveluth comb nous dn an orbit around «compart lt rch davger : Ty pes of Aatotithea: Natur Pakellite: Satelite caked nature Example’ Moon is dhe only nabv ral Aatelitte gy canth. Aedipiial batellites’ trmen butt obfede orbihing the earth for pradtial ua. here ace several pripobed tak hese Aakeblites serve. Ex ample Pracical Wed of Arlt fiiel pat elihes. Feompit lommunitation , Television preadtask , Neakner observalion Mi Ubery Auppors, Nawigadion , Adentific raearch. 7 Tine Period ofa atelitbe: We will wriider a satellite ina diwdar orbit oa distance (Re th) ge ave contre of dhe earth, where = us of “he earth. 3} yds “tbe mass of the satellite and NV dbk S ppeed , Sue cobbripetal fore reapifed for Miz orbs ab F(conlripetat) = v= (3: 83> (Re +n) diredked dowards Jkt contre. Hits condet petal force 3 + ruta ty te. grawt Falfonal forte, which Js F ( qraitabion) = Simm Me (3 34) (Re+h)™ where ME ih due mals f de earth(Re +h) Thus V decreased af h sinureases . From eyatin (836), Phe byeed V dor ho0 th Vv (n=) = Mee = jhe (8-36) where wt have uel He relation 9 = Cyrt/pe> . In every orbit, She sakeutke draverted a distance Ax (Meth) with epeah “Vv . Std dime perfod T Here fore 3s Te an (ee) = an(terns” (3:3) y Vome on subst ution value ¥ rom 64° (2-36) Paparing “tom 4d 4 by (8-34), we ge T7= «(he +4) | (whare «= 477/om 2) (8:32) which ob % Jaw Pode, ab Lied 0 voter sat dattes eto le ‘orth for Ltnatalite very claset Jo He surface earth hin be neglected fo comiparizon Wo Re dn’ €y (8:38) Here, for Auch bakelivtes, T Te, where To = 2% [e/g (3-34) Onn BG welghing he Earth: Yow are given Hat dodlauin | = U8 ms, Roe dat rata te disk ance ann oon tebe and Hue Hint -pertod Ht woon'n verluifow Sb 24-5 Obstey [We mas of he Earth” Me in two df ovens wp hes from Ey: (812) we have Me = Re q21x (634 x0 ‘ bt xy = 644 X10 4 The yon da satellite Me Earth. From Jue deri valtow tepler’> idd Jaw TL pee &y (8347) 72 Gy ne ee 9 Me Me = 4703 4 T> = 4x sux (eeu x07! GbE x10" x (243 xarreoxey” = Coax ie” Bodh methods gfe almost he Same answer, the difference belween hem being Jas than (7. 7 Exaowple BS: Ihe planee Mars Kas Feo w0owd, Peobes| and delmw. (|) phobod eS a period + hours, 4 mfnutes ond on orbital vadlus of FY x10%km . (alae the mons mars. i> Aésume hak ‘earth ond mad wove in clrular orbfkd around dhe} un, att He mardlan orbit teing 1-62 Himes dhe orbital radius que earth Ce Sue deg te y se warden fear dn days? hag > We emply Gy (B98) wth hee pols mad rpled ty Se main mats May TH = 4x* 3 oe My = 4x? 23 qT ux taustatenten! Get xvspnePae = barn dig.(> Once again “Kepler's Uidrd daw tomes Jo gor aid, Tot = Res | Te Res | where hiye ds due mart “bon distance ond keg Sa He | earth fon dP tac. | Oo Tyg = C8208” x 65 | = 684 days | we noke that “Ye orbits ro ata encepk Merurey, being ot di Mars and fluso ove very chase Jo frular . For example, Ha = 0-9949R6 | vakto y HL emi- minor” ko femi- wafer ait gor our Earn Ga, l =? _Erargy Sf om _ovbiling Aabellite When @ pekellie reveluen around a planck dn dts orbit, ik posseste talh ‘potential energy (dee Jo ies positon against Gruthetonk pull of He emt) and Heli enaegy (die Je orkthah mation). Ym th dhe mas of he bak elitke ad vd te othe veladly then KE of Ue Aakeltke : We berepm a C/E) (- r=2+h) K= gMm _ ACRth) Pe of Hee Aakellike: , = my = — Men Bth Toda mectaial energy Ackeblite, €=k+v 4 E= —GMm a(R+h) Aakellides ove aluays ak finbke distance from dhe earth and dence Hele energic’ caonak +e “posidte or tere.= ia Ea eRaey Ack ellickes : A pakelif'te which tevalued arwnd dhe earth with WE fame angustr peed din Jue fame direction at is done due earth around its auth 2 abled a JeAtattonany or Ayn chronous fatellite. Re eight que stationany pattie 2% 26000K%m and GES orbital vedodly = 3) "kms! Frese sakellikeds can redeye kele ommuniuton signal and broadout Heom bak dO a wide avea on earth, * monte: 1NSAT rap gf beteliibe =" Polar Safitfes: au ho tke pephicel north and Asuth folds fe eorth once per with: ay " hey orbik areund phe earth da Norda- South divedvon. whereas own & nuuing prom Bast Jo west. + A amera un Fae above Hit ype of bakellites bo they van view Small pieipS af excth. “AS earth Uso moves, book each Snakence diferent Jypeb of stripes earth tan te viewed. ee 4 a vi They are usedul dn remake Aensing, mekeov and environmental south 4 the “earth. ” “dd # ore Esupe velovly dh He minim velodly dhat 4 ody must attain de ope He raritetionsl fue of kee arth. Mathematically Auppete we throw a ball and the sinihfol velo? We toh & equal be she supe waaay och Haak phe boll rievir mes back: T Yeas thak Aakuitte Phat vemlues sin apolar orbit avwnd He earth jie; a pols pakelitke passed Hetek dhe objeck reach ak dnginily ond utd Apeod be y. Ihe din thd site tn Beth apy ott Yay Dl Hoe dak egy of de pnfutile. ob Softy oh given by E( ex) = wit med —ayp where, Wy Ja suite ‘potential He chjae a 5 wi Jf she” bjt Cony oauon Pia ie he hed inf ak a disk ane, (te) Pauli He unite 4 or dbs initia energy «in given’ by E(-AtA) ebm Suaet + w, — (it) Auordé ri conser valle Eqa.c'> and Gy ee daa 2, mine, Leeqi 2 my % + ~ (AHA) rae YE a toro, Jen myji>- YmM = a 2 AIR Hus the ralnimum peed required dor an object ko reach dnfinly i-e- escape ft "phe earl eon be f * my Lm min = Ge + +k ¥ dhe objet cb deeeum ten dhe purface 4 dhe earth, bib ord, be we go (win [Pa using he ralakion , 9 = Go , we get Minimom peed, (Vi) nin = RGR> N # ot Vy > tia condition I Gt aM in which dhe “cle Ue pe concede ty toe Pwordial leg. endef) “th ” ye fig: here wa no pr agy 4a vation an rkioh dhe ofeaive ugg of He “ae : “Eromple: when an om 4 dee, ah ene oe he. Sais io perionced * > w’ dn Free x SO caa as cetiasnbs | d “ied " d > _Welyituesenes® din dhe orbital motion af Patellftes ° Abokeli te — witlh doc nat produce dk own grail wes fond. He eotth ina ‘salar or ght under “he, alton. Guaibey Ihe acceleration ge ie 3 Gy /y> owards jue he, cat oie 4 line placed ste "a we Snsidta potellite md Hee "asthe Le 2p on body ave eae Weightle n a satelite Tre qravidarvonel pul of dhe cardh = an He radio ty the Avrfae, =N By New ton’ Jaw, © ten. -N=ma ¥Pou Hee “Uyak sys’ fore on the body and 4 Eee ed peg ej . Pde ser wad dhe first dcieakist urto Abulied -plmekory mation an a Gppo centric” adel. Se means all dhe fibers, Aird ard am “yeulue aromd Me enrtn ord earth is at He centre. "Then, A heli couric wodel wa spropeted by tome. Indian astronomers . According to which oll ‘pdaneks venbe arounk WL pon. eda + order , Nickolas te whale — Copernfonb auiordl be wht alk fete yuoue in ded Pind He bon. g * Plrally came Sehawnes taplor rhe used Yeo Brake!S obser velins ard gee ‘Hepler’ & Jaws ~ er'd firak Jaw (Jaw of orbit): & mek reveLye dyownd ae ls an dupiat daha with dhe pon dbidvated ak one fous of Hd ellipse. ‘Hep ler ewond Jaw) (Jw of area) Ike. radiud vector drawn from dhe om do a plonek pz uk eyah areas in coyal inlervels G Sime pier dhe areal velaiy of te feanck aroonk dhe ton Cons dank. dere Hird Jaw (Jaw fod) be vey Hwe period wt a 4 planet sciike fon i" open co Bee ube fem? major axis of Hae ellfp sical orbit ue pln around,Wetgd of he abyeot on “ik | ay Is | Tims ysl = 348.16 + AC wm ve 14-6 wie [ed a=g 6 Bhs its 7 ‘Gum , ain (F- = [Oar ieIl. a8 |g ig Pa hg iF a Pk eS r 4 4 chp ey ie \ a ie a : ‘is doubled | tha ob jets aes ee wan 7)a uel oft id | ai ce a oe ae ee i | | Pt ine | Hs Ue “4 H a : a gs a 3 Orsi 4