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Pdfslide - Tips Sol PB Suites Series
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Pdfslide - Tips Sol PB Suites Series
Pdfslide - Tips Sol PB Suites Series
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K = R C N N
K.
u = (un )n∈N u = (un )n≥n0
N
KN
K.
(un )n≥n0
K, un
(S n )n≥n0
n
∀n ≥ n0, S = n uk .
k=n0
un
n
≥ n0, un n sn n
n0 = 0.
n
u = (( 1) )n∈N
−
n
,
|u| = (|(−1) |) ∈
n N
1
||
=
±1.
ε = 1,
n0
n
∀n ≥ n , | (−1) − | < 1, 0
n
≥n 0 , 2 < 1 u
Z
(un )n∈N
Z
∈ R.
n0
∀n ≥ n , | u − u | ≤ |u − | + | − u | < 12 0 n n0 n n0
∀n ≥ n , u 0 n = u n0
un
(un )n∈N
∈ Z.
f : [1, + [
∞ → R
g : x
−→ xf (x)
λ > 0 , f ( n)
n n
1
≥ λ n λ
S 2n − S = n f (n + k) ≥λ n + k 2n
= > 0
2
k=1 k=1
(S n )n∈N
1
α
≤ 1,
nα
f : x −→ x1 α
1 α
xf (x) = x −
≥1
x
≥ 1.
1
α < 1 β ∈ R,
(ln(n))β
nα
f : x −→ x (ln(x))
1
α β
x1−α
xf (x) =
(ln(x))β x→+∞
+ → ∞,
xf (x)
≥1
x
u = (tan (n))n∈N
lim (tan (n)) = .
n →+∞
tan(n) + tan(1)
tan(n + 1) = ,
1 tan(n)tan(1) −
+ tan (1)
tan (1) 1 + 2 = 0
=
1 tan (1) −
u = (sin (n))n∈N v = (cos(n))n∈N
lim (sin (n)) = .
n →+∞
sin(n + 1) + sin (n − 1) = 2 sin (n)cos(1) ,
2 = 2 cos (1) ,
= 0
1.
cos (1) =
sin(n + 1) = cos (n) sin (1) + sin (n)cos(1) ,
n
→+∞
lim (cos(n) sin (1)) = 0, lim (cos(n)) = 0
n
→+∞
sin(1) = 0,
2 2
cos (n) + sin (n) .
u = (sin(nθ))n∈N v = (cos(nθ))n∈N , θ
θ = kπ, k
n
∈ N , u n = 0 vn = ( 1)nk .
−
u
v k
k
θ / πZ. lim (sin(nθ)) = ,
∈
n →+∞
sin((n + 1) θ) + sin ((n − 1) θ) = 2sin (nθ)cos(θ) ,
2 = 2 cos(θ) , = 0 cos(θ) = 1 θ ∈/ πZ.
sin((n + 1) θ) = cos (nθ)sin(θ) + sin (nθ)cos(θ) ,
n
→+∞
lim (cos(nθ)sin(θ)) = 0,
n
→+∞
lim (cos (nθ)) = 0
sin(θ) = 0
θ / π Z. ∈
2 2
cos (nθ) + sin (nθ) = 1.
lim (cos(nθ)) = ,
n →+∞
cos((n + 1) θ) = cos (nθ)cos(θ) − sin(nθ)sin(θ) ,
lim sin(nθ) =
(cos(θ) 1)
,
− u.
sin(θ)
n→+∞
a (un )n∈N
(un )n∈N .
n
→+∞
lim (un ) = .
ϕ : N
→N
ε
∃n ∈ N | ∀n ≥ n , | u − | < ε 0 0 n
∀n ≥ n , ϕ (n) ≥ n ≥ n 0 0
∀n ≥ n , u 0
ϕ(n) − < ε.
uϕ(n)
n ∈N
.
n
u = n(−1)
n∈N
0
1
lim u2n+1 = lim = 0, 0 u.
→+∞ 2n + 1
n →+∞ n
= lim uϕ(n)
n →+∞
u, ϕ : N
→ N
> 0
un > 0 n
( 1)ϕ(n) ϕ (n) = lim ϕ (n) = +
|ln ()| = n →+∞
lim
ln uϕ(n) =
n →+∞
lim
−
n →+∞
∞,
0 u.
u2n = 2n
(un )n∈N
p p
k,
(upn+k )n∈N
uk
.
uk =
k
∈ N.
u = (un )n∈N (u2n )n∈N ,
(u2n+1 )n∈N (u3n )n∈N u
, (u2n )n∈N , (u2n+1 )n∈N (u3n )n∈N .
(u6n )n∈N (u2n )n∈N (u3n )n∈N , =
(u6n+3 )n∈N
(u2n+1 )n∈N (u3n )n∈N , =
= , (u2n )n∈N (u2n+1 )n∈N u.
u = (cos (n))n∈N
−
[ 1, 1] .
H (R, +) K R, H K ∩
R
Zα = { pα | p ∈ Z} ,
α
R
a, b G = Za + Zb = pa + qb ( p, q )
| ∈ Z2
a
b
Γ= z { ∈ C | |z| = 1}
e | n ∈ Z Γ.
in
{cos(n) | n ∈ N} [ 1, 1] , −
u = (cos (n))n∈N [ 1, 1] . −
(R, +) Zα α = 0 α=0
K R [a, b] a < b p
≤ ≤ a pα b.
H
(R, +)
a H R∗+
{ 0} ,
∩
0
= a ∈ ⇒ − ∈ H a H ]0, a]
∩ H
α > 0. α H
∈
x
Zα ⊂ H. x ∈ H k 0 x kα < α a k = E ≤ − ≤
α
x − kα ∈ H ∩ R
+ α x kα = 0, x = kα Z α. −
∈
H = Zα.
H R
{ 0}
K = H ∩ R∗ = ∅ +
0, α.
α > 0, α K. ∈
x
∈ K
α < x < 2α
α / H
∈
α < y < x.
y
∈ K
0 < x y < α −
x y H R∗+ , − ∈ ∩
α.
H,
H = Z α.
Zα H α ⊂
H Z
x H, k
0 x kα < α,
≤ −
x kα = 0 x Zα, −
∈
H Zα.
⊂
α = 0, H R. x<
y R,
z
H ∩ R∗
+
0 < z < y
−x
y x x y
1 <
z z
n ,
z z
Z, x < nz < y −
∈ ∩
nz
∈ H.
a p
G G = Zα a = pα, b = qα
p q
Z
b
=
q
∈ Q.
a a p
= p q
b b q
p b
G = Za + Zb = Z + Z b = (Z p + Zq ) .
q q
b
Z p + Zq = Z G = Z , G
q
2π
H = Z 2π + Z
R.
2π
ix
f : x
→ e R Γ,
f (H ) = e(2πm+n)i (m, n) | ∈ Z×Z = e | n ∈ Z in
Γ.
p : z
→ (z )
Γ [ 1, 1] ,
−
{cos(n) | n ∈ Z}
[ 1, 1] , −
cos(n) n N
{
| ∈ }
[ 1, 1] . −
α ]0, 1[ u = (un )n∈N un = cos (nα ) n ≥ 0.
x [ 1, 1]
∈ − θ [0, π ] x = cos (θ ) .
n
≥ 1 , ϕ (n)
α α
ϕ (n) ≤ θ + 2nπ < (ϕ (n) + 1)
ϕ (n) = E (θ + 2 nπ ) α
1
ϕ
N∗
N∗ .
α
lim (θ + 2 nπ ϕ (n) ) = 0.
n→+∞
n→+∞
lim
− uϕ(n) = x.
u [ 1, 1] .
−
1
x y > 1 E (x) > E (y)
1
−
tα 2π > 1. vn = (θ + 2nπ) α
n 1
≥
1 1 −1
vn+1 −v n = 2π ξnα
α
1 α1 −1
ξn θ + 2nπ θ + 2 (n + 1) π. 0 < α < 1, ξn > 1, ξn > 1
α
vn+1 −v n > 2π > 1 ϕ (n + 1) = E (vn+1 ) > E (vn ) = ϕ (n) .
α
−0 ≤ θ + 2nπ − ϕ (n) < (ϕ (n) + 1)α − ϕ (n) α
lim (( p + 1) α
− p α
)=0
p →+∞
n
≥ 1, cos
α α
uϕ(n) − x = |cos(ϕ (n) ) − cos(θ)| = |cos(ϕ (n) ) − cos(θ + 2nπ)|
α
≤ |θ + 2nπ − ϕ (n) | →→ ∞ 0. n +
u
[ 1, 1] , −
[ 1, 1] −
x
∈ [−1, 1]
u.
(un )n∈N
∀ε > 0, ∃n0 ∈ N | ∀n ≥ n0, ∀m ≥ n0, |u − u | < ε. n m
zk n
z, (un (z ))n∈N un (z ) =
k=0 k !
z
exp(z ) .
m > n > 2,
m
z k z n+1 m −n−1
|u m (z ) −u n (z ) = |
= 1+
z
+
| |
· · · + (n + 2)z · · · (m − 1) m
k! (n + 1)! n + 2
k=n+1
n+1 2 1
|z | 1 + |z | + |z | · · · + |z | − −
≤ (n +
m n
2 1
1)! n + 2 (n + 2) (n + 2) − − m n
n0 > 2
|| n0 + 2 > z , m>n
≥n 0
n+1
|u (z ) − u (z )| ≤ ε = (n +
|z | m n n
1
1)! 1 − | | z
n+2
lim (εn ) = 0, (un (z ))n∈N
n →+∞
|z |
− n +
1 δ n+1
εn = δ n |z | , lim (εn ) = 0 lim 1 = 1 lim =
2 →+∞ δ n
1 − n →+∞ n →+∞ n
n+2
lim
|z | = 0 lim (δ n ) = 0.
→+∞ n + 2
n n →+∞
|z| < 1, z
(un (z ))n≥1
un (z ) =
n k
z
k
z
− ln(1 − z)
k=1
m>n
≥ 1,
m
m −n−1
z k
n+1
k
|u m (z ) −u n (z ) = |
k
≤ |z |
|z |
k=n+1 k=0
≤ |z | n+1 1 − |z | − ≤ |z | m n
n+1 1
1 − |z | 1 z −| |
n
1
u = (un )n∈N un =
k!
k=0
e.
u n > 2,
n
1
≤ 1 + 1 + 12 + 21 · · · + 2 1−
un = 2 1
k! n
k=0
≤ 1 + 1 −1 1 =3
2
1
k!
≥2 − k
k
≥ 2,
u
p
r = p, q
q
n > q,
pn = n! (r −r n ) = n! lim (rm
m →+∞
−r n )
0 < n! (rm − r ) ≤ (n +
n + 2
1)
≤ 1
2
n 2
m>n
≥ 2, 0 < pn < 1 N
(un )n≥1
1
∀n ≥ 1, u +1 ≤ u n n +
n2
1 1 1 1
un+1 ≤ u n +
n2
≤ u n +
n (n 1)
= u n +
n 1 − − − n
1 1
0 < un+1 +
n
≤ u n +
n 1 −
1
un +
n 1 − n ≥2
(un )n≥1 .
A N,
n ∈ A ⇔ ∀m > n, u ≤ u m n .
A n0 / A.
∈ n1 > n 0
un1 > un0 .
n1 / A,
∈
n2 > n1 un2 > un1
(nk )k∈N
unk+1 > unk
k ∈ N.
(unk )n∈N
(un )n∈N
A
A = nk k
{ | ∈ } N nk < nk+1
k
∈ N
unk+1
≤ u nk
k
∈ N.
(unk )n∈N
(un )n∈N
(un )n∈N
lim (un ) = .
n →+∞
ϕ : N
→N ε
∃n ∈ N | ∀n ≥ n , | u − | < ε 0 0 n
∀n ≥ n , ϕ (n) ≥ n ≥ n 0 0
∀n ≥ n , u 0
ϕ(n) − < ε.
uϕ(n)
n ∈N .
(un )n∈N
,
ε > 0
n,
p> n
|u − | ≥ ε.
p
(ϕ (n))n∈N
u
− ≥ ε
ϕ(n)
n.
uϕ(n)
n ∈N
uψ(n)
n ∈N
uψ(n)
− ≥ ε
| − | ≥ ε > 0,
(un )n∈N
,
x
pn
q n
n∈N
x, n
∈ N, p n q n lim q n = + ∞
n→+∞
lim pn = + , x > 0, lim pn = ∞
−∞,
x < 0 .
n→+∞ n→+∞
(q n )n∈N α > 0
kn > n 0 < q kn α.
(q n )n∈N q ϕ(n) n∈N n
∈ N,
≤
[0, α]
n = 0 ϕ (0) > 0
0 < q ϕ(0) α
≤
ϕ (0) < ϕ (1) < < ϕ (n) 0 < q ϕ(k) α k 0 n, ϕ (n + 1) > ϕ (n) ·· ·
≤
0 < q ϕ(n+1) α. q ψ(n) n∈N
≤
pψ(n)
q 1,
pψ(n) =
q ψ(n)
q ψ(n) , pψ(n) n∈N
≥
p = xq x
pn pn
pn = q n
q n
lim
n→+∞ q n
= x = 0,
lim pn =
n→+∞
,
x.
±∞
(un )n∈N (vn )n∈N n, m
N
un ≤ v m.
n, m
un > vm .
u
v
k
≥ max(n, m) , u ≥ u k n
vk
≤ v m,
uk
− v ≥ u − v k n m > 0 0 = lim (uk
k →+∞
− v ) ≥ k
un −v m > 0,
u = (un )n∈N v = (vn )n∈N
,
∀n ∈ N, ∀m ∈ N, u ≤ ≤ v n m.
u v,
∀n ∈ N, u ≤ u ≤ u ≤ v ≤ v ≤ v , 0 n n+1 n n+1 0
u v0 v u0 ,
n →+∞
lim vn − →lim∞ u n +
n = lim (vn
n →+∞
−u n ) = 0.
= sup (un ) = inf (vn ) .
n ∈N n ∈N
un
∀n ∈ N, 0 ≤ − u ≤ v − u n n n .
u = (un )n∈N v = (vn )n∈N
n
1 1
un = , vn = u n +
k! n!
k=0
e.
u
n
≥ 1,
1 1 n−1
vn+1 −v n =
(n + 1)!
+
(n + 1)!
− n!1 = − (n + 1)!
≤ 0
1
(vn )n≥1
n
→+∞
lim (vn
−u n ) = lim
n →+∞ n!
= 0,
un e vm ,
≤ ≤
e
n = m = 10,
u10 ≈ 2.7183 ≤e≤v 10 ≈ 2.7183
1 −7
0 ≤ e − u ≤ v − u 10 10 10 =
10!
≈ 2.755 10 . ·
1
v = (vn )n≥1 vn = u n + u v
n n! ·
1 −8
0 ≤ e − u ≤ v − u 10 10 10 =
10 10!
≈ 2.755 10 .
· ·
u = (un )n∈N v = (vn )n∈N
n n
− 1 − 1
un = ln (n) , vn = ln (n + 1)
k k
k=1 k=1
γ
n
≥ 1,
n+1
1
− ln n +n 1 = 1
− 1t dt
un+1 −u n =
n + 1 n + 1
n
n+1
t − (n + 1)
= dt > 0,
n (n + 1) t
u
1
t → R+∗ ,
t
k+1 k+1
dt dt 1
∀k ≥ 1, t
≤ k
=
k
k k
n
≥ 2,
n n k+1 n+1
1 dt dt
k
≥ t
=
t
= ln(n + 1) ,
k=1 k=1 k 1
1
un
≥ ln (n + 1) − ln (n) = ln 1 +
n
> 0.
n 1,
≥
n+2
1
− ln n + 2 1
− 1t dt
vn+1 −v n =
n + 1 n + 1
=
n + 1
n+1
n+2
t − (n + 1)
= dt > 0,
n+1 (n + 1) t
v
n + 1
n →+∞
lim (un −v n) = lim
n →+∞
ln
n
= ln (1) = 0,
vn
≤ γ ≤ u m , γ. n = m = 10,
v10 ≈ 0.53107 ≤ γ ≤ u 10 ≈ 0.62638
u = (un )n∈N v = (vn )n∈N
√ − √ n √ − √ n
1 1
un = 2 n + 1, vn = 2 n
k=1
k k=1
k
n ≥ 1,
u −u = √ n +
1
+2
√ n + 1 − √ n + 2 = √ 1 − √ 2 √
n+1 n
√ 1n + 2 − √ n + 1 n + 1
1
n + 1 + n + 2
= √ √ n + 1 + √ n + 2 = √ √ √ > 0,
2
n + 1
n + 1 n + 1 + n + 2
u
vn+1 −v = √ n +
1
+2
√ n − √ n + 1 = √ 1 − √ 2√
√ 1n − √ n + 1 n + 1
1
n + n + 1
= √ √ n + √ n + 1 = − √ √ √ < 0,
2
n + 1
n + 1 n + n + 1
v
lim (un −v ) = 2 lim
√ n + 1 − √ n = 2
lim
√ n + 11 + √ n
= 0,
n
n →+∞ n →+∞ n →+∞
.
un
≤ ≤ v m , . n = m = 20,
u20 ≈ −1.5699 ≤ ≤ v 20 ≈ −1.349
f : [1, + ∞[ → R lim f ( x) = 0 F
x→+∞
f 1. u = (un )n∈N v = (vn )n∈N
un =
n
f ( k)
− F ( n + 1)
k=1
∀n ≥ 1, n
vn = f ( k ) − F ( n)
k=1
f
0
u
v
n+1
vn −u n = F (n + 1) − F (n) = f (t) dt
n
f
0 ≤ v − u ≤ f (n) n n
n →+∞
lim (vn −u n) = 0
n
→+∞
lim f (n) = 0.
0 < a < b (un )n∈N , (vn )n∈N
u0 = a
v0 = b
2
un+1 = 1
+ v1n
∀n ∈ N, un
un + vn
vn+1 =
2
√ ab b = 1,
√ a.
un > 0 vn > 0
n
∈ N.
n
∈ N,
vn+1 −v n =
un −v n
2
u0
− v = a − b < 0 0 n
≥1
2
un −v =
2un−1 vn−1
− u n −1 + vn −1 = − (un−1 − vn−1 ) ≤ 0.
n
un−1 + vn−1 2 2 (un−1 + vn−1 )
(vn )n∈N
un+1 −u n =
2un vn
−u n =
un (vn un )
,
−
un + vn un + vn
(un )n∈N
un > 0
(un vn )2 −
0 ≤v n+1 −u n+1 =
2 (un + vn )
≤ v −2 u n n
0 ≤ u − v ≤ b 2− a →→ ∞ 0. n n n n +
(un )n∈N (vn )n∈N
λ
≥ 0.
un+1 vn+1 = u n vn ,
un vn = u 0 v0 n λ2 = u 0 v0 .
lim un = lim vn =
√ u v = √ ab. 0 0
n →+∞ n →+∞
0 < a < b (un )n∈N (vn )n∈N
u0 = a
v0 = b
un+1 =
√ u n vn
∀n ∈ N, un + vn
vn+1 =
2
a b.
u, v
√ uv ≤u u + v
> 0 v
n
n > 0
√ n−∈√ Nu). ≥ 0
( v
2
2
u ≤ v n ∈ N.
n
n
u
≤ √ uv ≤ v u
≤ u + v
2
≤ v u > 0 v > 0,
un
≤ u = √ u v v n+1 n n
n+1 =
un + vn
2
≤ v n
n ∈ N.
(un )n∈N
(vn )n∈N
≤ v − u ≤ v − u = v −2 u ,
n n
0 n+1 n+1 n+1 n
b − a
n
≥0 0 ≤ v − u ≤
2
lim (v − u ) = 0.
→ ∞ n n n
n +
n n
(un )n∈N (vn )n∈N
> 0.
π
= , E (a, b)
2 E (a, b)
·
+ ∞ dt
E (a, b) =
0 (t2 + a2 ) (t2 + b2 )
0 < a < b (un )n∈N (vn )n∈N
un + vn
u0 = a
un+1 =
v0 = b
, ∀n ∈ N, √ u 2+1v
vn+1 = n n
sin(θ) a
= b cos(θ ) = .
θ b
∀n ∈ N, 0 < u n < un+1 < vn+1 < vn .
n = 0, 0 < u0 = a < b = v 0
u0 + v0
> u0 > 0 u1 =
2
u0 + v0
v1 = v0 < v02 = v 0
2
√
v1 − u = √ u (√ v − √ u ) = √ v +u √ u (v − u ) 1 1 0 1
0
1
1
0 1
√ u u + v
√ u 1
0 0
1
v0 −v 0
= √ √ v − = √ √ 0 > 0.
v + u 2 v + u 0 1 0 1 2
0 < u0 < u1 < v1 < v0 .
n
≥ 0,
un+1 + vn+1
un+2 = > u n+1 > 0
2
un+1 + vn+1
vn+2 = vn+1 < vn2 +1 = v n+1 > 0
2
√ u √ √ u
vn+2 −u n+2 = n+2 ( vn+1 − √ u n+2 )= √ v n+1 +
n+2
√ u n+2
(vn+1 −u n+2 )
√ u n+2
− u + vn+1
n+1
= √ u √ v vn+1
√ +
u
n+1
n+2
n+2
vn+1 −v n+1
2
= √ √ > 0.
v + u n+1 n+2 2
u
v
n
≥0
√ u n+1
vn −v n
vn −v n
0 < vn+1 −u n+1 = √ v n
√
+ u n+1 2
<
2
0 < vn
− u ≤ b 2− a , n n
n
→+∞
lim (vn
−u n ) = 0.
(un )n∈N (vn )n∈N
> 0.
a
π
0 < < 1,
b
θ ∈
0,
2
a = b cos(θ) .
u0 = b cos(θ) v0 = b.
n = 1,
u0 + v0 b (1 + cos (θ)) θ
u1 = = = b cos2
2 2 2
v1 =
√ u v = b cos θ 1 0
2
n = 2,
θ
1 + cos
u1 + v1 θ θ θ
u2 = = b cos 2
= b cos cos2
2 2 2 2 22
v2 =
√ u v = b cos 2 1
θ
cos
θ
2 22
n
≥ 1,
θ θ θ θ
un = b cos cos ··· cos cos2
2 22 2n−1 2n
θ θ θ θ
vn = b cos
2
cos
22
· · · cos 2n−1
cos
2n
n = 1
n ≥ 1,
un + vn
un+1 =
2
θ
1 + cos
θ θ θ θ 2n
= b cos
2
cos
22
· · · cos 2n−1
cos
2n 2
θ θ θ θ
= b cos cos · · · cos cos2
2 22 2n 2n+1
vn+1 =
√ u n+1 n v = b cos
θ
cos
θ
· · · cos
θ
cos
θ
2 22 2n 2n+1
n
≥1
n
θ
vn = b cos
2k
k=1
cos 2θ
θ sin(θ)
cos = sin (θ) =
2 2sin θ2 cos θ
2sin 2θ
θ θ sin(θ) θ
cos cos = cos
2 22 2sin 2θ 22
θ
cos
sin(θ) θ 22
= sin
2sin 2θ 2 θ θ
2sin 22
cos 22
sin(θ)
=
22 sin 2θ2
n
≥ 1,
b sin(θ)
vn = .
2n sin 2θn
θ θ b sin(θ)
sin , lim un = lim vn = .
2n n→+∞ 2n θ
n →+∞ n →+∞
1 π 4
a =
2
, b = 1, θ =
4
√ u v
π
.
([an , bn ])n∈N an < bn
[an+1 , bn+1 ] ⊂ [a , b n n] n ∈ N lim (bn − a n ) = 0,
n→+∞
[an , bn ] = {} .
n∈N
(an )n∈N (bn )n∈N
= sup (an ) = lim (an ) = lim (bn ) = inf (bn ) .
n ∈N n ∈N n ∈N n ∈N
(un )n∈N
[a0 , b0 ] (un )n∈N
un n.
(an )n∈N (bn )n∈N
ϕ N N
[an , bn ] uϕ(n) . uϕ(n)
n ∈N
R
R
[0, 1]
ϕ : N [0, 1] .
→
I = [0, 1]
I 0
f (0) .
I 0
I 1
f (1) .
1
(I n )n∈N
∈ N , I n
n
f (n) I n
3n
,
I = {x} x ∈ [0, 1] x = f (n) n ∈ N, f.
n
n ∈N
f ( x) = 0.
I = [a, b] f
I
R
f ( a) f ( b) < 0 . f ( x) = 0 α ∈ ]a, b[ .
f (a) < 0 < f (b) f
−f
([an , bn ])n∈N [a, b]
[a0 , b0 ] = [a, b]
a n + bn an + bn
an , f > 0,
2 2
[an , bn ]
⊂ [a, b]
n
≥ 0,
[an+1 , bn+1 ] =
an + bn
, bn
2
[an+1, bn+1 ] ⊂ [a n , bn ] bn+1 −a n+1 =
bn −a n
n ≥ 0, bn −a n =
b −a
2 2n
n 0.
≥
([an , bn ])n∈N [an , bn ] = α {} α
∈ [a, b] .
n ∈N
f (an )
≤ 0 ≤ f (b n )
≥ 0.
n
n = 0
an + bn an + bn
≥ 0, n f (an+1 ) = f (an ) ≤ 0 f
2
> 0 bn+1 =
2
an + b n an + bn
f (bn+1 ) = f (bn ) ≥0
f
2
≤0
an+1 =
2
.
a = lim (an ) = lim (bn ) f,
n ∈N n ∈N
f (α) = lim (f (an ))
n ∈N
≤ 0 ≤ lim
∈
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