WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY DAWRO TERCHA CAMPUS

Emerging Technologies assingment

GROUP ASSINGMENT

GROUP 2 room 2
Depertment social sceince
NAME ID NO

1 Betamir Feyisa---------------------------------------------------------------------------66590/14

2 Beyisa Enkosa ----------------------------------------------------------------------------66554/14

3 Betelem Taye-----------------------------------------------------------------------------66594/14

4 Bereket Shito-----------------------------------------------------------------------------66576/14

5 Bilisuma Dinsa ---------------------------------------------------------------------------66632/14

6 Bashu Gosalo-----------------------------------------------------------------------------66551/14

7 Belete Tona-------------------------------------------------------------------------------66568/14

8 Betelem Odiro----------------------------------------------------------------------------66595/14

9 Berihun Habtam--------------------------------------------------------------------------66586/14

Group two assignment

1 List and explain the Big Data Value Chain based on their high-level activities

2 Data Acquisition
3 Data Analysis
4 Data Curation
5 Data Storage
6 Data Usage

1 Data Acquisition
• It is the process of gathering, filtering, and cleaning data before it is put in

a data warehouse or any other storage solution on which data analysis

can be carried out

Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real-world physical conditions
and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a
computer. Data acquisition systems, abbreviated by the acronyms DAS, DAQ, or DAU, typically
convert analog waveforms into digital values for processing. The components of data
acquisition systems include:

Sensors, to convert physical parameters to electrical signals.

Signal conditioning circuitry, to convert sensor signals into a form that can be converted to
digital values.

Analog-to-digital converters, to convert conditioned sensor signals to digital values. Data

acquisition begins with the physical phenomenon or physical property to be measured.
Examples of this include temperature, vibration, light intensity, gas pressure, fluid flow, and
force. Regardless of the type of physical property to be measured, the physical state that is
to be measured must first be transformed into a unified form that can be sampled by a data
acquisition system. The task of performing such transformations falls on devices
called sensors. A data acquisition system is a collection of software and hardware that
allows one to measure or control the physical characteristics of something in the real world.
A complete data acquisition system consists of DAQ hardware, sensors and actuators, signal
conditioning hardware, and a computer running DAQ software. If timing is necessary (such
as for event mode DAQ systems), a separate compensated distributed timing system is
required.

2 Data Analysis
Data Analysis: It is concerned with making the raw data acquired amenable to

use in decision-making as well as domain-specific usage.

Data analysis involves exploring, transforming, and modeling data with the goal
 7 of highlighting relevant data, synthesizing and extracting useful hidden information with
high potential from a business point of view

Data analysis is a process of inspecting, cleansing,

transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering
useful information, informing conclusions..

exploratory data analysis (EDA) is an approach of
analyzing data sets to summarize their main characteristics,
often using statistical graphics and other data visualization...

capturing data, data storage, data analysis, search, sharing,

transfer, visualization, querying, updating, information privacy,
and data source. Big data was

Functional data analysis (FDA) is a branch of statistics that

analyses data providing information about curves, surfaces or
anything else varying over...

3 data Curation
It is the active management of data over its life cycle to

ensure it meets the necessary data quality requirements

for its effective usage.

Data curation processes can be categorized into

different activities such as content creation, selection,

classification, transformation, validation, and

preservation

Data curation is the organization and integration of data collected from various sources. It
involves annotation, publication and presentation of the data such that the value of the data
is maintained over time, and the data remains available for reuse and preservation. Data
curation includes "all the processes needed for principled and controlled data creation,
maintenance, and management, together with the capacity to add value to data".[1] In science,
data curation may indicate the process of extraction of important information from scientific
texts, such as research articles by experts, to be converted into an electronic format, such as
an entry of a biological database.[2]
In the modern era of big data, the curation of data has become more prominent, particularly
for software processing high volume and complex data systems.[3] The term is also used in
historical occasions and the humanities,[4] where increasing cultural and scholarly data
from digital humanities projects requires the expertise and analytical practices of data
curation.[5] In broad terms, curation means a range of activities and processes done to
create, manage, maintain, and validate a component.[6] Specifically, data curation is the
attempt to determine what information is worth saving and for how long. [7]

4 Data Storage
It is the persistence and management of data in a scalable way that

satisfies the needs of applications that require fast access to the

data.

Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) have been the

main, and almost unique, a solution to the storage paradigm for

nearly 40 years.

Data storage is the recording (storing) of information (data) in

a storage medium. Handwriting, phonographic recording,
magnetic tape, and optical discs

Computer data storage is a technology consisting of computer

components and recording media that are used to retain
digital data. It is a core function...

computing (specifically data transmission and data storage), a

block, sometimes called a physical record, is a sequence of
bytes or bits, usually containing

Digital Data Storage (DDS) is a
computer data storage technology that is based upon the
Digital Audio Tape (DAT) format that was developed during
the

DNA digital data storage is the process of encoding and

decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA.
While DNA as a storage medium has...

MAgnetic-tape data storage is a system for storing digital

information on magnetic tape using digital recording. Tape was
an important medium for primary data storage...
The Data Storage Institute (DSI) (1997–2018) was a national
research and development organisation located in Singapore,
that studied data storage technologies...

Holographic data storage
Holographic data storage is a potential technology in the area
of high-capacity data storage. While magnetic and
optical data storage devices rely on.

5 Data Usage
It covers the data-driven business activities that need access
to data,
its analysis, and the tools needed to integrate the data
analysis
within the business activity.
Data usage in business decision-making can enhance
competitiveness through the reduction of costs, increased
added

the most effective way of evaluating the true relevancy and

value of a website. For example, if users arrive on a web
site and go back immediately (high bounce rate), chances
are that it wasn’t relevant to their query in the first place.
However, if a user repeatedly visits a web site and spends
a long time on the site, there is a high likelihood that it is
extremely relevant. When it comes to search engines,
relevant valuable sites get promoted while irrelevant sites
get demoted.
Search engines want their results to be highly relevant to
web users to make sure that web users keep returning to
the search engine for future searches. And the best way to
establish relevance to users is to know how they use web
sites. Cookies are used by search engines to maintain a
history of a user’s search activity.
 2 How do recent approaches to embodied interaction differ from
earlier accounts of the role of reasoning in human-computer
interaction?
How do recent approaches to "embodied interaction" differ from earlier accounts
of the role of congnition in human-computer interaction?
Answer

How do recent approaches to ''embedded interaction'' differ from earlier accounts of the
role of cognition in HCI?”

You will have to indicate what “recent approaches” you are referring to with respect to
Paul Dourish’s initial presentation of embedded interaction in 1999. In HCI time, 1999 is
centuries.

Embedded interaction has been folded into HCI and is now just another contribution to
the field.

Perhaps there is a more interesting question here, but without more specifics,

If you look at the recent developments of pet strollers, pet coloring, dog therapy, dog
aromatherapy, dog church and dog pools. It looks like we are moving to a culture where
dogs are replacing children.

Dogs indeed do provide a certain level of interaction. However, on the other hand,
people have still not stopped feeling the need to take care of somebody.

Human nature demands attachment. One is still bound, unwittingly, to his or her
apartment, to smells, to everything. I see the increasing developments in creating a
culture around dogs as a big internal, but not yet conscious, longing for communication
between people, which, unfortunately, does not receive its normal expression, its proper
release.

Therefore, by failing to find the kind of connection we need with other people, we seek
its replacement in animals. Actually, it’s not that far off. People feel that their dog is their
friend, and the dog feels a friend and a master in their owners, and a relationship of
mutual devotion can develop between dogs and people.

To show an extreme example, I know people who have pets that eat from the same plate
as them. They feel no difference between themselves and their pets because such
contact occurs at the animal level. It does not need any major expressions, achievements,
tensions and participation. I lower myself to the level of an animal, reaching out to the
animal, and the animal responds back to me, and we are both content.

Let us hope that this period will pass, and it certainly will pass because humanity is
evolving and we will have to achieve a new form of contact with each other. When we
do, then our contact with animals will disappear. Like any other part of evolution and
movement toward the lower levels, it will eventually die out. We will not have much
interest in cats, dogs, parrots, hamsters, and so on.

As we further develop, the understanding that we lack a kind of communication to each

other that we require will grow. Phones, virtual communications, dogs, lonely
apartments, and so on—it will all go away because we are changing, whether we like it or
not. Let time

The field of Human-Computer Interaction has gone through a lot of names over the
years. This is what I think the state of nomenclature is these days:

2 Human Factors: the study of how humans use machines. These days it is

usually applied to cars, manufacturing equipment, physical control panels,
military requirements, etc. You’re more likely to use this term when dealing
with things where the software and hardware are tightly integrated.
3 Ergonomics: the study of how to fit “things” for human use. More often
applied to furniture, workstations (of many types), manufacturing
processes, etc. Possibly the oldest  word for the field, right after
“efficiency expert”! You’re more likely to hear this when the object
doesn’t have a computer, or only limited moving parts.
4 Human-Computer Interaction: the study of how humans
use computers. (If you’re the Association for Computing Machinery
(ACM), you call it Computer-Human Interaction. Interesting mindset,
that.) You’re more likely to use this term when talking about software
user interfaces.
5 Usability: the study of how humans use things, with a focus on how to
make them easy to use. Almost always applied to software, often with
the word “testing” after it.
6 User Experience: the study of how using things affects humans, and
how to design things to elicit a desired reaction. Used to describe not
just software, but also the documentation, purchase process, support,
and quality-of-life issues around a product. The product is usually
software, but might be tightly integrated software and hardware.

If you look at the recent developments of pet strollers, pet coloring, dog therapy, dog aromatherapy,
dog church and dog pools. It looks like we are moving to a culture where dogs are replacing children.
Dogs indeed do provide a certain level of interaction. However, on the other hand, people have still
not stopped feeling the need to take care of somebody.

Human nature demands attachment. One is still bound, unwittingly, to his or her apartment, to
smells, to everything. I see the increasing developments in creating a culture around dogs as a big
internal, but not yet conscious, longing for communication between people, which, unfortunately,
does not receive its normal expression, its proper release.

Therefore, by failing to find the kind of connection we need with other people, we seek its
replacement in animals. Actually, it’s not that far off. People feel that their dog is their friend, and
the dog feels a friend and a master in their owners, and a relationship of mutual devotion can
develop between dogs and people.

To show an extreme example, I know people who have pets that eat from the same plate as them.
They feel no difference between themselves and their pets because such contact occurs at the
animal level. It does not need any major expressions, achievements, tensions and participation. I
lower myself to the level of an animal, reaching out to the animal, and the animal responds back to
me, and we are both content.

Let us hope that this period will pass, and it certainly will pass because humanity is evolving and we
will have to achieve a new form of contact with each other. When we do, then our contact with
animals will disappear. Like any other part of evolution and movement toward the lower levels, it
will eventually die out. We will not have much interest in cats, dogs, parrots, hamsters, and so on.

As we further develop, the understanding that we lack a kind of communication to each other that
we require will grow. Phones, virtual communications, dogs, lonely apartments, and so on—it will all
go away because we are changing, whether we like it or not. Let time do its work.
Digital philosophers envisioned a future in which we would be surrounded by digitally
enabled objects that we would interact with in a very natural manner.

Natural, in this case, is not using learned techniques like a mouse and a keyboard - but
more like how we might interact with another person. Body language, voice, etc.

This sort of reality has slowly but surely been coming into existence. iPhone introduced
gestural interfaces. Nest is forging ahead on Internet of Things, using motion sensors
combined with light weight machine learning to optimize performance.

But this is really the tip of the iceberg. Embodied Interaction asks a key question - what
are the affordances of these kinds of tools? The films “Her,” “Ex Machina,” and “Blade
Runner” among others explore the idea of forming emotional bonds with artificial
intelligences. Microsoft’s Clippy was a very early attempt at putting a character’s face on
a help interface. The human-esque features of these systems are affordances that lead us
to behave a certain way with them.

If this vector of progress continues, it won’t be long before our Alexa’s and Siri’s offer the
same affordances as the machines in the movies I mentioned. We’ll need social
psychology to uncover truths about these sorts of interactions.