Design of Compression members “ag l set? Star shapeDesign of Compression members - Introduction 1 - Comparison between tension and compression members . 2 - Allowable stresses in compression members . 3 - Approximate values for radius of gyration . 4 - Tie plates . 7 5 - Classification of sections according to dimensions . 1 - Comparison between tension and compression members : If we have 2 members of the same cross section but of different length : a - The two members are subjected to the same tension force a ) — De Yi Lug yp Loles Chal pu 52 members LI Ligi dM! Grape member J! Jeb we 1~aizy doglio I oLizo Iid.9 59H jus F members LYielding J! cs» gb tui> pp $20 Y 9 53 ¥ wait yo_4—at Y.9 4g al! F, = 140t/cn’ t Ldb - The two members are subjected to the same compression force penn le P—- — P Po gaa dat Yol Luh! ,— ariel Lagi! Grays Cod) 05d.5 9 dog lio y/ oLizo Lid 9 44 wait » aiell puSc 1) 44S buckling wle 9 »—aiell Job ule 2 aint 9 64890 Ly 49 a bl! p—aaiell caay Si el_ai¥ sal dog lio oh buckling J/>/; Laks bial doglio lj buckling J! 19 Lals ~ J! ste 1—aiai 9 Ag aul F, ) JS dag gl sai Lah g inal Lo2 - Allowable stresses in compression members : 1) For symmetric sections : Jn, -—l, y | * For a ~< 100 5 2 F, = 14-65x10°> Amy ---7-7-- st. 37 “5 \2 = 1.6-85x10 Amax -------* st. 44 -5 \2 = 2.1-13.5x10° Ama --- 7-7-7" st. 52 * For A\max > 100 De ee eee for st. 37, 44, 52 A max II ) For unsymmeiric sections : | F, = 0.6*( F, for symmetric sections ) — 5 2 14-6.5x10--Amax A~< 100 | 5 37 7500 2 Nae A > 100 m3) F, = 0.6*3 - Approximate values for radius of gyration : yy . " ~ O34 >on] Mi a ry ~045a | yl u vy ~~. “A Ea r, = 0.38 a bef u 4) = ° Wy a Ue4 - Tie plates: We use tie plates for members composed of two angles to prevent local buckling of one angle. * ola ui Bangles Lbuckling: JI 49> gla te plates|| xxii rst |5 - Classification of sections according to dimensions : Sy a) Compact sections b ) Non - compact sections jy c ) Slender sections less than f L/ less than f, * For equal angles : if b/t < ease = The angle is non compact VFy ( Code page 12 ) where b=a “oda | a LoDesign of unsymmetric sections - Given Force & length of member . a a - Get Tyo i - Choice of section un’ Ny from stresses| from buckling| assume F, = 0.6x0.75 assume \ = 100 = 045 t/ om? \ = 109 = Hoo Ag = Force =... cm out ~ ty= 02a, choose |_ a,x a,xt choose |_ dy xa,xt Gayg = aye =... CM Min angle choose |_ Aayg X Agyg Xt : 3." LL ( bolted ) ae we 45x 45x 5 (welded) - Checks : Tyout en aa << 180 YL 5 2 14-65x10 Ay A,< 100 F, = 0.6 { 7500 a: A,> 100 Ay Force i, = AL Tee < F, Bu LdDesign of symmetric sections a) Using _|\_ sections - Given Force & length of member . = Get Tying ANd poy - Choice of section from stresses’ : from buckling assume F, =0.75 t/em* assume \ = 100 L.- Force 2 ps _ — _ bin Ag, = 0.75. =7 em Ain = 100 = 7, = 03a) A Dy = vee cm Ag_ = oe _— om? 2 ; bout \ = 100 = —bou__ choose a,x a,xt out r= 0.45 a3 _—_ a3 FH seeeee cm Gage ay Mas an" es) Sse CM Min angle 3 )* 1.1 (bolted ) choose _Il_ Gayg X Aavg Xt 45 x 45x 5 (welded ) - Checks : Nw = ites < 180,\, = —ott = < 186 a ->o < ou < -5 \2 14-65x10° Ama Amae< 100 F, = { 7500 ec A max ae Force Ey F ret = = < F, c 2g . v4sections ° b ) Using - Choice of section from stresses from buckling| assume F, =0.75 t/ cm’ | assume A = 106 Force 2 L Ag, = =... cM - =— ——bout__ a 07 Nout = 100 = Ty= 0.38 ay 8 Ag, = = =..en |) —~ Ga = score cm choose +. a,x a,xt dgyg= EG “2 =... 6m Min angle 3 )* L1 (bolted ) ‘hoose — Agygxt i Garg Garg 45x 45x 5 (welded ) - Checks : "bout 7 Nout = Tae, Sess < 180 Tay Tae ig .2 14-65x10 Ay A, < 100 2 {een Bye A,> 100 Au Force be, 051) o3-Gbdle 4 _aatial! $b 29 /¢ tie plate) J/ e@Law — Use one tie plate at the middle of the member to be sure that the behavior of each angle is safe . * Notes : * Also , we will use one tie plate at the middle of any tension member composed of two elements . * We DON'T use tie plates for single angle ._ NOTES: 1) Design of zero members : It is designed as compression & tension member . Choice of section L_ 45x 45x 5 (welded section ) Min angle Amin = 3 o* 1.1 ( bolted section ) Checks : - 1) A= ~ # 180 2 ) If the design according to case (II): Case (II ) means that the force in the member is due to (D.L + LL + W.L) We must increase the allowable stresses by 20 % - For tension members F, =11.4x12 t/cm? ; 2) - For compression members all. comp. stress =F, x 1.2 t/cm V;,;| uy3 ) Choice of unequal angles in compression members : It is recommended to use unequal angles than equal angles when lgout > 3 Upin| for economic design Jn ry, = 0.28.4, Hi] r, ~ 0.48.4, Fe | - Choice of section yi from stresses assume F, = 1.00 t/om™ assume A es Ag, = Force = cn Ain = 190 = 7 aha Ag, = Aes =... cm choose _\_a,x a,xt ' Aout ee = 0.48 a> 41 avg= ae Sse CM peacne choose \_ 1 qygX 47 qygXt - Checks : An — we F 180, A, = low 4 180 Now < F (ok) | 2take care Uglr2H 59 4u9Seounequal angles L/59l>all = x xc rye I? ry, =\[(y) + (eet 05) + 4) We always use A, gross for compression members ( welded or bolted ). 5 ) For vertical and diagonals , if the single angle increased than L_ 80x 80x 8] => we use double angle . (for tension and compression members ) 6 ) For tension members - - - - - > A ? 300 For compression members - - - - - > A ? 180 For bracing members - - - - = > A ? 200 na wy7 ) Another method for choice of sec from stresses| from buckling| assume F, = 1.00 t/cm™ - assume A = 180 Force 2 — lb _ A= 700. = em A= 7 = 180 Sy Fe cm dy = eee om use the bigger a,or a, NOTES : Spaeth Le ge 68) le lbd psi! ¢ Soll y (tension & compression members ) other section that can be used :- Pipe section will be studied O Later. | Hollow square or | rectangular section L, unsymmetric equal angles Double channels _ single channel back to back M4) agelExample (1) :- For the shown truss , design the three Soeeee 1 marked member we | i xB be 1 data: 1.80m——1. 801% - st. used is st. 37 ~ tg pp= 10 mm - Bolts used are ordinary bolts Solution : Member 1 F =- 17.00 ton - 1=18m =U pin = 1.8m © = Dgoy= 1.8m ~ Choice of section from stresses from buckling assume F, = 0.75 t/ cm? assume \ = 100 17 _ - 180 Ag, = 0.75 22.67 cm Ay edd T= 0.3 dy a,=6cm choose __80x 80x8 180 = 100 = —~53 Jy ‘y= é a3Yr, = 2.12cm / 2 2 = (ry) + (e,+ 0.5 ) ho 2 2 = [212 +(054+197) = 3.26cm 180 Am =a = 849 < 180 (safe) 180 : eee Orne 55.2. < 180 (safe ) Amar = 849 << 100 “5 V2: 5 2 F, = 24-65x10 Amax = 14-65x 10° (84.9) = 0.93 t/em? 2 f= Horee = 7 = 0.90t/em << F, SL (safe & economic ) Design of tie plate : Ay < Amar Uo < 849 = 1° < 137x849 = 116.30m th ——+ Use one tie plate at the middle of member mo LY| Member 2 F=-1.8 ton _1=\( 1.8) + (1.69 = 241m = Ubin = 2.41 m Tout = 2.41 m try one ongle - Choice of section from stresses| from buckling| assume F,, = 0.6x0.75 assume \ = 100 = 0.45 t/em" Ne 241 choose 45x 45x 5 a, = 12.05 cm = 4541205 _ g20m choose I 80x 80x 8 avg 2, - Checks : A, = 24} 155.48 < 180 y = 755 = 5.48 < (safe ) A, > 100 F, = 06% YY = 96% 2. . o19¢/em Ay 155.48 = 280 oist/em < F, (safe & economic ) [ea U7Member 3 zero member L=1.60m d= -Amin= 3 * 1.1 ( bolted ) = 3x 16x 1.1=52.8mm Qmin= 55x 55x 5 due to long bracing we will use + = S55x55x5 Ugo 160 Ay = ra = 2.09 = 67.56 < 180 (safe) * No check for (1/d ) for vertical members . no LyExample (2) :- For the shown truss .Itis 222552255555 required to design an economic i F=-4ton section for the marked member || f= 14%" —4201.82=7.28m— data: F=-4ton : - Lyin = 182 cm - Ungut = 728 em Solution : For economic use unequal angles __\{__ I out? 22> bin 5 section - Choice of section from stresses} from buckling| assume F, =0.75 tem’? | assume \ = 100 4 2 = 109 = 2 _ Ag | = 789,75 = 2.67 em Nin = 100 = 7= 0.280; | —— = a = 65 cm choose _\_60 x 30x 5 a;¥3, y 2m. 28 out 1, = 0.48 dy | = & = 15.17 cm = 30+65 _ — 60 + 151.7_, “1 (avg) = 3 = 475mm a, (avg )= 3 =105.8 mn. choose _1_ 100 x 50x 6 : 6! vytake care Agls2H s§ 4ugSeounequal angles L/5glall hry Hye 1.32cm ~ 0.28x5 2 2 nF (ry) + (e,+ 0.5 ) 2 2 = \[3.2+(054+3.94) =S1lem ~ 0.48x10 182 ; Nn Zags (1378 < 180 (safe ) 728 Nou = Eq = 1424 < 180 (safe ) Amar = 1424 > 100 p= POO | B00 = 9.369¢/ em? Nmax 142.4 = Force _ 4 a fe = 2g = 55 87R= 0.23 t/ em < F (safe ) mw iyExample (5 ) :- Design the shown marked i bracing member . ( bolts are M 16 ) Force = + 3 ton 4 L_¢m—_ Solution : [2 2 length=\\6 +4 = 7.21m = [pig = 3.6m = (pout = LS x 3.6 = 5.4 m Design as compression member: _||_ - Choice of section from stresses from buckling| assume F, =0.75 t/ cm” assume \ = 100 __3 = 2 = 100 = 360 Ag, = 3x 0,75 = 20" As 0 = = 034, eee a,= 35 mm y 1,> 0.45 a; ——~ 43;=12 cm 2 = 7.75 em: —~= choose 1 80x 80x8 Gy 24ry = 2.42em 2 : 2 ry = /2.42 +(2.26+0.5) =3.67cm 360 : Ain "+57" 148.76 < 200 (bracing) (safe) 546 Aout = 97 = 147.13 < 200 (safe } Amar = 148.76 > 100 p= POO, 200. 033911 em? z200) ° Amax —-148.76 _ Force _ 3 a 2 Se = Area — 2x 12.3-— ee ic (safe ) use 80x 80x8 for compression Check as tension member : 3 f ne __ force = = 0.138 t/ cm < 14 t/em? ae Anet 21.72 nel ( safe } Anet = 2(12.3 - (1.6 +0.2) *0.8) = 21.72 en” t 360 — = — = 6. < 00 (safe) d 8 —+ use 1. 80x 80x8 ro uyExample (6 ) :- A vertical truss is constructed to support an advertising board as shown in figure . The truss consists af two columns and a series of diagonal and horizontal members as shown . It is required to: a ) Design member (1 ) knowing that F, ra ? 2 ae So b ) Find the forces in members (2 ) and (3 ) L2¢t 4m XD 24t — — 4m @ 2.4t —— _ la] 4 Lé mn elSolution : [Member 1] Q=1.2+24+24=6t0n © =38.66° 2 2 IS +4 - length = a ie 3.2m - [pin = 32000 = Ugoyt = LS x 320 = 480 cm 6 —- + =-+ F = * eos 38.66 =~ 384ton Design as compression member: _|\|_ - Choice of section from buckting from stresses| assume F, = 0.75 tlem’ assume \ = 100 3.84 2 = = —320__ Ag, = 5255, = 2.56 eni A, = 10 = 7 05a, —— a, = 10.67 cm tables Sg = 40mm : 1 A = 100 = _ 480 > / y= 0454 —> a; = 10.67cm 4+ 10.67 wg = 3 Hi: = 7.33 cm- choose 75x 75x7 - Checks : 320 Ain = ROUSE = 140,35 < 180 (safe) 480 Vout eng 7A es 142.43 < 180 (safe ) 4 - rt‘max \. = 142.43 > 100 se F500 7300 | | 0,369 t/ ene? Amax _-142.43 fe Force _ 3.84 _ ¢ “ Area ~ 2x101 — 0.19 t/em” og (safe ) —- use I 75x75x7 for compression Check as tension member : fy = ee = Be aur ttem? < 14 them? Anet 17.68 (safe ) Anet = 2 (10.1 - (1.6 +0.2)*0.7) = 17.68 em? 1 320 Tt Tp 67 < 0 (safe ) ain use S. 75x 75x7 Member 2 Q=1.2+2.4 =3.6ton : 36 eg enc eee a F,= > Yeos 38.66 =~ 7-30 ton Member 3 zero member rot wy