EQ Kad the bucrling bed Rr) of Me rigid Cum GQ) 4 Shasrs in Ay. o : eS RA EL -~A9=0 POL-kAL~ ke 20 (PERE of oe Shoe kha Ke e a7 L Superpesipiory theererr : &, ene ey y e = » ~ 4 | ” Céx-O) Ex « Introduction to mechanet Z Fad fr oaPossible % Reduction in reinforcement 100-p 2044 804 T ° 0.02 0.04 0.05 9.08 0.10 t= p fy/fow Fig. (15) Practical Significance of considering Membrane action m_Slab DasianAdvanced Streagrh of Pieterale © 3rd Year, Structural Zayneenag Branch Department of Buitding 4 Gastrachon C2 Ars. per week) Poof. Dt. Hisham fife Hakpan! References : “ptechanics of rtatervals ~ by EL Hearn " Introduction te Mechanier of Solids” ky repov ¥ 2 i Strength of vtaterals ” by Fimoshenko Program 6 datreducton - the phenomeam of fucklag, 2. Buck ting of rg Qlemar . Zz Buckling of elaste Columar , effect of end resttrecat , Slenderness peho , 4. Applications . Plashe Ginalysis of Axcally leaded members , applications - &. Plast bending » residual stresses , Bpylicatrons - 7 Pleshe Gnalys we ef Coatinuoes beams 8 Falare Feoories , applreahons.Bucking of Clamas datreductea . He Seleckon based on foyee chacacteristes é. Streag he > She element should be strong enough to resist Fos apy li ed fadig C0 8 Vim)" i. Stiffness = the element should be. sth tncugh net to deform more han certain values wherk Laye aan proven acceptable ty Aff erenf- Spewfiations CAS Brat” of @ stractera/ element 78 ai. Stability 2 the elements of fhe Stracture Should be $0 arranged 4 give @ State of Stable ageih Gere « Examples + Consider twe Steel rods, tach of Sametes bak one Js very Short (hz) while he okkar is very bong (L apd). Zach wd 1s sebjectad fo an anal : A B Comp restive frre P A dn b . ye 4 a Hk, Red O Can Carry Consiclerable ep ed head hep force FP and Yot Stable >> g. fa g Rrd@® even ff LKR thir see eae rod Could become ksQ Te te laterally unstable through Los © Side-wise buckling ayot —- Could Collapse =@ @ Aa ordinary yard shiek fads by” backlog” when @ © Sabjected to Compressor? Thin Sheets £7 Thine walled tubes when Subjected to WH Lonclusvo? : ood in carrying tension, pose ia Eartying Compress/on may wrrakle ke tissue paper a torgue - The reason ts that» yhe state ef pure Shear stress 1 converted en some oriented elements info a Sshate of Compressive and Fensle stresses. Since the thickness of the wall 1s Imall, he oyfader due te Comyresiioa . wih buckle Te material strength alone ss net Suffiecent to predict fe behavior of members . Since Colemas in buildage are subjected Compress on Z be Studied ia ng Phar megh fir. defals, Whe Student But before 7 buckling of these Colamar wilt oletals . choulst be. familiar with The Pollowieg bese princep les sTypes ef Supports 4 Smooth Sur face + (one reaction element perpendicular fy Fhe Smooth Sacface ) z Roller 4 Cone reachon element 4 Perpendicular te tha R ABS "Np surface of Shela) 3. fiage, pra aA, (Jim reaction elemenh, te he Awo Pepend tukar forces ) Fixed End ‘, ( Rree reachon elements, eo ee fw Perpendicular forces and a moment ) s Guided Support in 9. direction B+ ( 7x reactin elemects 5 one force tn divecton x and a momert) s 6. Guided Support in X-~ direction Cie reaction elements 5 @e ie Stes And QA momert)td y Bs) final Shifaess. 1, the amount of Quel fave © maguired Ae produce one unt deformation Aa _e Az FL e AE f-—_—>} + ~ LR or Fz FEL ri where Kz ae Js Called axial sh fness Axek spcag : qevnrre > F [Fs kA a angel yong Constant Cram » kN/m ) Fars: vonak, A Re Ke [= 8] 4 came (Mmm , kom) Rigid body: Showy ne deformation om neteasing Strest ryt —~] £2 20 nes Elastic body: Showing deformation v with eee A. SESS tata . | oe ~hget “ a fest \ ieee? vias PiesAQ Aad the burliy bad Cee) of Me ryt Canam GB) Shown in Fig, 4? Superpasitiery fheorem 3 yee ye He «a, = a & fe = fer, fe = Bb Céx-D) Ee fem Papas ¢ Lateodachim to mehanies ¢ Ride” Find fle 2 “ 0 + &. &9 21 = PA~FL+lM=0 PGL-KAL~ £820 2 &, Ra, he Zz Céx@y He aq + Pad 420-220 aa + Pa - kaha® fe for fhe assembly of two rgd columns § in Fig. , fond the critical buckling ford (£2, )- A 28. Axial Speng Cnstanh 15 = 1 kal torsion Spring Cnttank k= 2o kepleom ~— Sslukon from Fig @®, ZV yse o™ Had 4 so —P.9O —- 328-2 =0 Hs wo Pe +258 from Fg-O 5 2s ory Hato — Pep — 30 On 8 — 300,32 — 28-0 22.5 PF +25 ~ Pet ¥ ~iwsefF- 0 PF ae Buy P= 16.6634" Ans. HW oe. i . find the ratio between the Spx) Cong taut C & og P= C (fen) so that When buckling oceurs Tax horrtentab v reaction at rolle- 1s Bere regeLO Find the evitical (becklin low p) be toro sho in AF. Sheth eZ bucdh: Vv Lo 68. pp _ wtb? ng L K ~ nig L i = _— — fom Fo. @ ; 217 20 2 PLB, = £9) —{) 2 PL63t+3,)>4kB, ——-@ fom FeO > fr 20 fue he QD EBL) #8, @ Of Gz CEG) * OF- 87% 8 Or + BF - G8, - B20 O,2 +24 ACO FOXY - atl B jap ® ze Se Ope ced? 9, = 6e® 8 2 eS 2 06/88, f As-cceg bhi) fz 1O/R% Seasthete fate Cr Pi (6188) = 4 (0/BG -9,) [7 PE (9 CES, Do b (088-9) 4008 LLG; O18 4G Foes ALA = fs. 8K P22 3bk . 2 P22 bie & =#. WZ 36582 EF | he tucel ones , Pon - ~ pa | Fad Ber and Sheth mades B= - 0.0/8 8, | PA 2. . ing dre B/S oy4 £% find maximum vertical deflechon of we the beam AB for the case Po Sha Since given P2 sk/a ‘SEEN : | ‘ LPs he 2 Sethe KE LD ay a by moment - area method AW = fy BS ale ee 2: Xx, = IN \y Hw ~~ find max deflecton of Ha Caaklever beam ABC A < 235 407 Ans. 7. eed eeEuler Buckling lead fer fYa-endled Glumn « ne i the a mathematician Leonard Euler in(/75, _& 4E, Ver ET fy Ih ABS -Py L | t t t P Ln toded Column with its first Pyrat Suckling Wiel. 40 div. rt aoe Oo) diy, _ Pv oly Q 2. P ler %2 £ dry Avszo | ox his 32 @ fecend order | homogenous dSiffereatid equation | (same as that for smple Karmenic | motion) | Euler buckling be The toletion of this cbrfferentall lehere Ts ngiainea emmoenF ap ruahion + | inertia of The Solemn eves rection (LoL. ———_sr wf. Be | Va Sianx + 6, Gs AX wy _ minor aK (Weak ag 1 min _ tl. Mnfrs I el wi Apply Boundary Goadifiens : BE @xz0, v20 — |G=0 BS @xzl, veo + O2GMal either 6=0 => hen ws ne Bech Imi erin : . teivial Loli tion) Set or finals 0 _ ’ » Abe av a Near& Load for a frxed- pinned Column. Euler Buckliag ‘% pe Sex - Pv mM ec eidivis Mex pv adxt Z LY p Ly 2 4X nines 2" EF ED & inflection - let 2 L pea €. it P » [eave . Po Se th Ate Non Home u Ea Pleme: enous Sol. fon Home genous DE < oanteular bole Vs GSin AK + % GF AK yp Mew PZ BS @x=0, v=9 => + ono tinal + Lh FP BS @xel, v0 => “ez PSA. BE @x-l, Mio eK AGAGAx+E * aK PL QGAGsAL + Th a Pe was AGsAL + He Sink. PL & Jt AGesAL = & AP SAL he im Q\o_ bof Pre LOTENYR # GE 2 hC# fran + eR) = = 4Ag Ie a 22/9 ay@: oe SHAM, | fae => x20 (@ roller) @ Sia Ab #6 = an ugns! sexes aw ea ae f Boa yaagy = Ae Axe NW aM] Tipefire PT 1s lecateet ab Ke 02h “as Fine 2, for the following elashe elesiat a Euler Formulae Les effective lenght of Column € . five (Lug facw Cofernn a enuahyy © > cteine age BO PISS _ z B= weer - WET “e (AL for Pin tndad Cotaman , Bo = WEL ye Fa free Standing Clan G- Het. Te Gy” #e i Fatt planed etn, Bp s JEeE = Bee ret fv feed bed Coline, ky =Ex. Ff the anal BPS fad af te pin ended Colusan A i) hal buckling Cade of Cohamns of Same material. bs 18 EN, fond B,C, D BE which are nade P2IBkn ed a“ t Loe 20 ‘fo a@) 24/@ ® @ © ©@ Solution . fu A; Fx WEL oy Ex: A fined ected Cdumn of Length 4” and rect Sec. (of Sides rat: Js Subjected Le an axial compressive Lead ef GON. If E> 200n ant Hee fucker of Sabehy against buckling = 2S, tind Pe Pra nun dimensions ef The Gllumn Coos Section . Solution , Be 4@@er feeaen Ed m| 2b ay ” wp 4| wae 25 n Boris 2 An wares fle) ns Geoo)* “bs 39c7m 4 2b= 79°" Dehe yor ® 4K The rectangular columa shana Lo, jn Fig farls snndlfaneousy bf inet axis 4y back hing about fke- Wiig & major aad miner axes Determine the. cross & ; sectional Sjmentivas ZF oterad so bracag C4 &A). Ue Es Jono” Mla Soleton + buckling around major axis. f 3 3 ges Wh Fond (4s00)* bts 6.863 nro” mnt buckling around mlacr ans, Fart ab Peo Wet Le 3 3 3 dont Heats AE (2¢e2)" hobs 2-247 nF mol fart BC . RO? 2-P?Fap0° Gaye agp NX halksHb cabifhbetb! SSH b= 2a »b=36.57™ 2 TShstes = P38Criterion of Eade of axiolf, Loacled lash. Assuming alas. - Pperkectlyy plashe behavior ef the Column ; 2 Weld Sheers 2 Seld Strain Let he rachies ef gyreton ef he Shinn sechan be wensted! 7 AD Zi. +: Tsar koe Wer | TEAL? piey (AL)* (Ko* AL CFI A Us called tha "Mi adéagzt raho ——— ee a Ke Failure by Yielding — Faure 4y buckling whave The raf L ze Feo ote Ge A = kbye CFP cA Ya firrad marcmuen feng te of column (Li. ) below which Farture wal be fy yetding rather than dog buckbing , Lag substitile ToaG r Sin . Ge Te ay * é for rect See. (4S example) , ” Lax x [= (fr Tech Sec@ x find mak. long fh of a pin ended Steel Column of rectangular erott Section (507% pS rm) below which farlere (clue to axial Compression) will be hy gelding rather, Than by buckling . Use Es 20x16 Mla» Ge A Sol., f =« Th fé max Be VG = fa S9 | booxs§ vm iz «il = = (282.5 x FL T) | - tan2.08, Bo- e201 YP? : J = +2-028725 Sk |Ex fob. 1416 “Peper” Find the tnteal buckhag led Sol. er He gy ay Pr ’4 £L dae = SPA HP Oe £. Let Dre Fara die party 2 3v hb - x hx txt lee @ fos # GHAR + Ib-2x BC @xz0,v=o => + 02044474 ‘(= -24) Yeh ay As Gg iaraa—sAGsrra plA-25 On OG Sa2Aa - 1A GIA Bo @xsla,Problems in buckhin @ O Find the criteal buckling load (Fe) for fhe. assembly of ture rigid rods Shaw in Fig. Pe As, Bas @ Find the er'Peal buceling toms (fo) fr Columns A ane 6. 7 uP y! sped fe - 2 = bbe eT a @ "pd nw a OSGI TE = ~s > ee ae WN a, 1a ern lisa 2 _ | ®; f= o2R4TE; ® Aas fe, cr fer fhe chase Column sham fn Fag Also find location of Porat of inflecton . qP Guided Smeppert >= EEA, L jus. 0. Tee Fixed! a7@ If the sucks trad of Gtumn A 7s 72 &N , fond fox buckiing fond of Chim & vik i pubele off Sova. meaPeria.D ween per? Use: &,> 10 bam ky= 20 kam @=2" far, ate The steeP red. Ute £2 200x108 Ma Stee! Wy = 250 ria oh 25mm FS) purcelig 2 att ciameter S) a ptp = 2S ©) Find maccimum Femperatie 9 gee nm (Te) without Caurng Eb — eye ‘ buckling of pelbing of 4 Zh@@ Pla ste analy 15 References 1) Plashe Design of Steol Frames” ty yon 5. Beedle (2) 4 Plastic Design ef Frames” Vol 4 Fundamentals by Se John Baker & Jacguec Heym Vol. 2 Appleatons 4y Jacques Heyonan 3. Plastic Analyses aud Det/ga “ay OE Haroreb 3 (tA. Sav a. % Plashe TWasry of Stractures” by rt& Horne Stress - Strain relationship - nardenne 3 A A & Loeglized T-£ relatmship Gne stram hardening J cy op} ey actual T-£ srelatons g - % Figid ~ per fectly plastic Je “ é # IVE . fer Elastic - perfely paste. z 2c EE fr PSESE & é 7 2% for Ey SES eo metabs Gach tt Steel ahuminium, ete wil be. Bsfamed to behave in Féngicn Aad Compression Bod in Ba ebaitrs — perfectly Plathe mannerO@ H-Tf when loading The bag remans ashe 5 an hy eerbeand ig Fon beaalig unit retarn fe ed Criyinal shape RK If te fonoling a deyond Mea elastic rage, Han & omterading, Foe toy ell rot return to rhe orignal Shave and” Phere will ke permanent Sefermation lash - elasive Plastre mege, A Kote That the unlewding fete ahept ¥ 3 Porolled +o The orp’ Afra ff Jw oct Cre the shiffnetr in fla ehactic part )Llastee Analyses @ Stress. Strain Curves Tl stres) iron hardening 3 £ + woxso Ma ‘ yf Reptare = 29000 Sr i | | Vy = yield Stres _ _ - ytelf shear es E (strain) nd ° Plasthe Rarge | Giz ultimate stees taste Range b= & stress Stroin Keletionshig fer tld Steck “ £ é 4 Ldealeed T-£ KelahponshiP ye Steel (Also some ober motels) behaves geal dy Pantin & Compresion 7, : ‘i Lrety by & Behavior of different types of steel OF ap 3 Highew Vy > c a shorter geld Pltban 3 7 Ritild Steck but all having Same 22 Woxlo (the _ H Pv bebauiov where G se net aepparenh (he VRashiog yield pletue like in” bah tensile Steck) tke. 0.27 off seb wsthrd is tmsibted to elefine J, r . x g / Parallek / poet magsDefine rm athemati cally and Magrama tically 26 x linearly Hache Haterial 4 Abeh 9 = ic We EE ue é c % Non-lineerly Elashe Malenst wit, a sab Ve AE pa Were otfn si K Klow- Lnearly ~ Lreleshe Mater’? v2 4E where o0 ¢ TLE , TG Biree Depinitim og kegid rlaleria@ Th Can withstand Steet bub wihleut shai, (le Ezy &e Ware « Shes os A Aut no deformation A= £4 =0 4 é 6 eS, ae27 FA hovivetas Vigid beam ss Suspended ky Three rede @8 ad Shor aul Subjected Le a Loag (f) a cuter. The rods behave to Qu elaste perfor aramner fev bath Comgresiion and teuge. lowed P fy Applied Greatly ntl fale plashi Condition 7s peaches! aad Hoan He bend ct Subsepusafly released . 0 Pit He Minihag Mashe bead (0 lend ab first yet); fy 2 Fad The deflectlon off fee bean 2b fret weld , 4; 3 find The filly plate bead (re Uimate head); f2 nd Tw chef lection of he haan ab uwbinae brat; Ae Ss. Draw be Complete PLA rr homshap Start Cran ten Lond up to fla folly Maes te # 6. Spm removal af food, “frac The residunt stretser 1h Ke red Blase Stage My fahe 2f2o f+ hat uN b& b e Ble) BG) GE) CAKE) BeZR ——©) subintte ah © = 2(fh)+A2P 442P F 2. 4-£ ant EP A. € _¢ -£.8f 112 Ne Ree Se “a VA ae ABA ResG Peds CS reach webs LireeeB = 7274-G8 u-FG = BSR eoe Bo ated «204 + $54 ao A. As 24 ~ GVO |. core vy Cae Ae w= Ae £e .G5NGD © ge Ave GHia * BE sama traver Elaine ~ faathe b F=TA2 GA 2 %s% =m LatA = GOA 2GA Rs +R 2 2(GA)+ 2GA =G@GaA) ep as A, . hte . GGG FET) y, Aste CHE “Ce : Summary ae 2-607 TA at A= Bb hs 4 GA at A, = 2G é Lbs, 2G ab by ZA®, A= 2A ab AnAally Plashe a6HWO Same requifeuct of exanple tw @ blood P app lead wnt Fale Pathe Gindthin id reached then the dood of st segamed y released. Find lena ih exch baw as 2 funchin of (A). Daw Pea Loy ram hs Poaitie: (Cab pan Uinlinadin fe Bers, tur £ hr+hrh=o wy Fd fhe rahi EE fo Tab pin uinkemalivg te Zen moma Pf he bars reach yilabd Hwa) Fer fle assembly sham je FR. dame toa fowmplbe po A heey hin Short g heer gure force. ap te Me stage *o¢ ees tion bes ne On Tha) |evet"| aos” rag, 2 Bren! é Tr oF a jee aces dy Sealtn lune, tn QuenPlastic Bending , @ Consider a rectangular section Subjected 4 a postive benaing moment, the material of the Section behaves ia an elastic- perfectly plastic manner. b E chased, limiting lain Plasticine, PY Meche last Paste whele —-B-- hee BE rel jes lo % (a Str ge laste . My ry Mp Mp When he Section reaches thy state of full plaste benciag (4) @ plas. hinge t© Stil te occur at Airs Sector cane fhe Sechon wll rotate in ole frnately Cinfinite Cur tatere) nq Plast. Mf relabonship ra p(crvatere) a Ldeahited 1-9 relation fpr Lp id me - FTA Lg ¢& coding of Kee tangular Sechon @ 4 Ela ste. Bending We SL 7 rhe 7 bo? Since We = eS io ea 4 ee where S= Zz CElashe Sector raedolas) 3 = 2 : te or a c= fF pe Se "7% = . 4 20S = oe co =f b %? Ca Voleme of 2. Limehng Elaste Bend (aan, - 7 4e* hy 2% oe d er by method of wternal moment = C (xT). lever arm HEG.gb « Bd sd zy 3 Heshe Plestiz ealig t ey = 2[G 9b ¢ - Gb. & o34 F 2 > Y ed = % Se 2 PA eo el ECB), Fully, Plast Benddin +} J af Tit M,= 2 Gigs. g ) My = T bol* OS Rae Notice Yhat me car. deduce the valu € lhe Comcting clash e on Peastic nment (ge) Form fra Hons § Jrte HY AS Az, Foo ms come ‘tap toge ae, Pea is within top flange away from web by a distaxe ome 2 A. © Ag 0 i Pw soo + 256 ((G-x) = 25 + Povo Love = SHOR nse ov K Cam be fourd 20 follow Difference = Foxe — Fav = 200 faus half ef ik = (ove ma |e we Zana be ye + Ae %e OF owerars) + EF IG) + DE) - + (ato) ISH) + (eye niG)( 212) = RSL RAO mow , incraase ia Hy = p=", 100 = ty B0 io He £ 5% = (Bsir— 148 (ass 1489.8 gg = Leu 14BPn 10%$3) Ex Find the Goll ; 5 ap se uncform Load W), kiln of the bean chan tn "9 CY= 29 mp he Set waht of bee a) Neglect ae eal on Solution Miran © 0.5 uw, bam rth Ls Ww, kw Sec. @ Supports = 2. r[ bo) (+6. Jeo] = 141d pwn he Ty. 2 = 25 bo Lhaide to = 325 balm agctetnal = Ts ternal OSW. = ALT . oe CS bifn Sec. C med-Spaw “ > ae z= date ap: 2s (vo «12 66) J a 2 Board moa p= Vy. = 150g UB Ione = FL Adm“ ex A rectangular Section és abjected fo an itvens, 38 bending moment unt full plaste Comditn ie reached aud Yhar The moment se Lube ecently released . Draw the residual res olistributiin actos He adept ff Ma. Sect after removzl of fhe moment. & i * asp @le/g = t] F —Ao2 Te OS Ty es disall Shes | Disheibudion 2 w,- G 44 p> My a bd® We we BE mM, = MM vy bd 2 bat (bt 2 OY BS Ta tsG _& feriduad swes at extreme flare = sg -G = oSG HW A bending mimenk 13 subjected on fu section sham in Pj penstrates toa cytance So Mm amg Mtn Fox foo™™ UntQ fiebding nmamak i released (Ty 22Te nh). Draw the residual Stress Aiskibubion acvest fl. dapth etl ld of fx Sectim after removalPlast Aaalgsis ef ineeterminate beanrs | GG) Consider first @ statically determinate Simply fuppertel beam Subjected fo Uniformly Aistribuled load. Fhe leas 18 Gradually applied until Collapse occurs oe % real veal nige K hinge ' Stacks | 4 ' ‘ Binge IAT 7.2 of a Mapse @ Seam at collepse When the load 43 meceased Gradually, fhe bending moments af He b@am sections will also be creased yot! the case 1s reached when the maximum bendiag moment at the most critical sechon (rid- span Serko) becomes egual 4 the resistay plastia moment Capacty (ip) of the Seme Sechon. AE thes sastant , the madl-span Section wit rotate incdefinately and therefore a “plashe wil be formed there and fhe beam Collapses © 4leste Bean binge" due +o the formation ef a “mechanism A plastrs hage (s @ Bone of yielding that forms in Pe Structure proor fo Collapse - A mechanism means the segments of the Strectere are able to move freely . A Tee i ; ' En ceehen ef Plasté hin zoO) 7% find the Collapse eniform leas for the simply Supported beam, ate £5 2 &rt >: tL — Jong eee the ‘wrtual werk” method can be tsed to @stimate the collapse lead of structures . The “Virtaal wore” methad States that » External Wore (EW) 2 Internal Were (tw) External Work EWe (oree) « Coisplecement in direch on o force) P For Concentrated tad se ‘ EWs P, & &, for uniform load aio 1 LW a. Aiplaceol area Area ohiplaceat Ew = (Latenal romant) , (Rotehon) = 4 -@ Note that P=G.2 && a a wos Lw 1 2 So WLS _ “Me wet = my 28 be < z = “42 2 ry.2. : Ze & 2 w,- Ste oo. . &Locations of Plastic Anges @) Plashe Ai ages can possibly form at certain locations Such af = load pomts , pints , Supports (suck af fired endr and inferiv Supports), seck' > , Sections of allies Dong S ve of Pere: heer foe PE alofe that, Fav each Spar, ree Aiages are regured >A creat @ mechanitrr Ex Find the Collapse uniform load ty Sol Ip = Gnst fonknnrnn ew = tw a ns wo, 4.084 = % Co)+ (2) pL 272 ae 7% 0) es Spl wl?_ ale me * oe Sods t@ '% i? P Ex find the Collapse lead 4+, Ips Gast e\/f 2 © Plashe hinge ‘ 2 ; 9 real Ainge ro ¢ ' ' ot Ew = fw " ob 4L. th [e+22 poh» Mler22] te BvD PE = Be /P 2 oe LEx Find Cohlapte Gud (72) - 2e0 OF gst Z 2 SatuBen., si) ¢ There are turs 1 op Possible mechanisms 4 VF a_i! ‘as the 1 KES a oes hone Prec (Fe ; Food I 1 2P te 6 BE Hoe apf med. \ Babes ile mech. mech Ds Low 3 2P. gis Abt. oli) + Me (96) z2PL = Fl of =e ase 4 c mech. © Ew = t.w 2p pe + Pf = EP+ lols ) PL = 3% oP 2 Fhe iL AP = 3!) ute choose the Smallest (and 4 (# mode 2 Joeveras )zx Hiah TS yapse Crud @ w Ty = amst -— L — ee 4, rea fe re ' A, ' ea eee ' \ EW = rw wks 2 My (x +8428) 2 LE ng rp Coy BFF ° 2 eCSt L-x at s Ho £-xX+2x% 2: x(L-x) a ae do 4 . Ze. (Lx JW) - Ce ra)(4-2x) dx Z CAx- xt)” Ln bxax - Che e(L-2x) 20 Lx uxt (Lurk lx tx)Joe be =x - phx praxr=0 xe, 2lx Loo x= 24 t Jee al? pee 2 = Cle DL ‘ « [x = O.4iGl substtte X late Justin of 03 ea eS Condirtirne to apply w= 2, 1 atl bs Same Mp “ k aga l (0.4m) Lt 2. one Lappect hinge , ‘) 32 Ih tthe Bed we) lapse Coad Ay using tha plast,: Ex find Be prethad of Analyses F,2low, We CEN/me ) mech. .-- 2p mech .O ww Be up (8) + 2 Mp (2-58) + %l/s8) tow. « 3 » Wy = 02832 Me watchs (2 Bw = Iw wey. 2S My (ED + Me (O4~) . x 2< 2 yt = Mp [ gsie * B.4B¥ 2 0.8238 Mp 77, ) I han 2.2833 1%) Gllapse mechanism (D governs Ww, = Oo hasEK Find the Collapse hoad mek.© . | mek.@_ — mech Ew = P30 = 1%.8 @ =y P= 0.333 Mp meh © ews Iw 3P( 48) - P(66) = Th) + (48) a Ps 2.666", mech © Ews iw wy 128 2 Mp) +25 (wed) +251 CO? £. 25 = rp [25 +58) ‘ PS = Sys. 5 128 PS = rp [2-5 SF el las Pa r, ESverx)+ se x (19 - x) Ps Se. 38¢ns~ oar fox—Ke is Cont) Sx 1S KY (Ie — Fox PIR - Ix) = 0 ASHY POX —PS ao Solung xx 5 YSSS mM ay Pe bBERT e @®Le using the plastic method of analyrit, defermine CO” the Collaple doad 2 for the Gatinuous beam shown 20.8P Mh, 3P AP 24P \ O44 «SF 2 ee g 3.516) \ 1 \ 2758 & meh @ AY ee 4 ft : 4 ‘ 1 arp tg LED 103? 2? 1288 1, ‘8, bry [ep is ter i Sate mech.O_ ew i rw We Gs d & 1s te (x9) 4/5" (2) ? 2 6st (2 nw ( 2 0.8P. 3 tp Ce +3 + se) ». (Pe 2 Gor! Tl mech.) éw = Tw gee) « 1P 4) = 151 (388) + ary (458) + Mp (8) mech ew = IW 3728) + eP(se) = Sp (Ot 2p (2058) + Mp (e278) 2 [Pe oestt Me | meh Ew = fw 24h (58) 2 Melons + HC s|P= 0.486! Mp | SS AP = 0.453) Mp) mack @ governs 1.958) + h(a)AW SS Find The Colleose load 5 Continuous Lowery A me Along > kfm eo 4 OQ ees. p - 2p i a | en “onl 5 earl OT = 18S? tp Or = 822 t~ sr 2 lSP by Sah w . y s > N * v a 3 e é 0 8 ~ & g > Ans R= 0.076 % Or = 0.20727 My or = 8.233% Me = o2(21 Mp or = or = 0123 Me p HWW ind The plesk tin ae. Z plastic Secth moctbes 2 €a oe BE : ty each Span of fe eee? Emfinuns Leaen (ose y, 2M). 12 keafrn Bos Bhifor 4 4 c D iom AO 0 deFransformation of Stress at _a_pocat normal stress shear stress fotation Cerentation of element) Lega Sonvenh oo Fo + fo fensvle SEL Te + fF aivected upsard on Fee night face of element 62 ¢ Ff Counter clockwise From elementary Strangle f materiaks s Ue = Ka # EG vor 29 + Try S428 0) Yo +G-G ——@ + Tye - (hs (FW) sry a8 4 Ty Cor 28 —{2) by setting LE 0 Hives Caw 2G = Gey 4G £G-G) Subshhdth ote / “ 7 7@ O ret He prineject threges ries ® Spe EAE + (Ge i y bb mina aud from GB), Cp = HE-G Yor Setting tied 20 = ves Tun 20, = _ FEY Oxy Substitating © ‘nb @) gives wan & min Shear Poresr tC, _ t (CEE re Max, = Vx = Vy (& z) + yy min Book bn DEO , Tee G = At =2) Thin Walled Pressure Vessels Consider a fhin-wahed Sytndn cal fetsare Vestal Subjected te *nternal presire. Tka vessel 7s di P closed at beth ends Le fh = internal presure \ fet Fa taternal radius / b= woll thickness eae i of vesrel Le lengh of vesse! Ho. vessel Causes fens le Streges Fke pressure fase whiche are > te cdavelope 9 Pee vessel wall Hoop tensile stress € Ty bong i tectinadk Teacle shes (T, ) nal techn in Tex vessel u a Finding Tit, Take @ longrbadt zo tt ZG =-0 2G.tb mpiarb =o Fs Eel a t transverse Sechan in f& Vessel af ZR = 2 Y.arrt-#ir=0 “ihe fr ie ae (hus on Cyhindital prepure Vedselr Wit Closed andyaN flastis Farltwre Theorces (2) Theory Meld Critenon Graphical Representation “ ‘he T O Rankine s = Y tension Cece AT gg) or yield Theory is |= G ooprestion Sirface 0 CH -st i olf T,% have Same Tre Sn 2 reSCA S © = Ge FY tension / od Ile G ceoprrerion oo Hf G,% have different SOS G- B= % ® St Venant’s @ Gv =G Theory ps Paisson's ratvo Ha, boo t as ) G4 G-wGg-F ws Poisson's rake Von Thses’ |) ghigh og - os Tease ‘ (Me 2 7 «A point aside the failure envelope machiales Fat 8 sti elastic (aot piekding) wes wee a toe materral 2 ye eS oea OY He shale gi shalt shaon fing to nitiahe” preted ‘ ; Fielding of Re sha TMhesty ( G = 300 Kapa) Yeo T= 19 Tf Femi le q “ " 1 O63GET rfe E-G jt. ne Aa )*- GS | (LB V (22 6 exeerye fF. $.o.4e5 FE Yoo WS 4 J Fast pov Fe. He WS - SFO Te vos PR Wee Hite 2 O05, Pavepe Td Ge base appenhe Spo C Frescas or'terion) EX @Q bub wing Von rises hae y Sst Tha, je fee parol Cary of enced vat Shee ay Bake se Te BC =e 8 Culm rier em 7 ony + 3 (o.C3e67)* ee Grretpinds to an wenge of ee ebeve fan vhs Pletal 4 , Tresca s Haieq Dg Hig walled Cylindrinak Vettel (elesed tusts) fs Subjected & an fateraal presrure. Te ie cet of a Steck WK BGPP Shes ry Fenton T= He he, D>. Hf he wet Micke fo 6 Hs aud The isan chamefor i¢ 2oomm , estimate Ce presrwe whieh inpfates gilding averting to : ol (22 200 Gia ond Vea Pires’ yhasrres Kankines , Tresca's Aisi BO ga G = eZ Qa Le = Tyee Kankiae ZG zorpe Fresca Te G tev > Foe > +h 2 Me 2 at L Usn thes’ TH GR+LAHG i z # (200 BR) - Gr p.)(o 7.) + (ee fs) = Ges) rife KB Alto Ven Theses pradichon i spf ebve Par by KR Guttman Wrerca