12/3/21, 11:29 AM 20UECA076 20UECA076 - III Comp NEW

Originality report
COURSE NAME
Behavioural Economics

STUDENT NAME
20UECA076 20UECA076

FILE NAME
20UECA076 20UECA076 - III Comp NEW

REPORT CREATED
Dec 3, 2021

Summary
Flagged passages 17 13%
Cited/quoted passages 7 3%

Web matches
se.edu 10 8%
researchgate.net 7 5%
thecasecentre.org 1 2%
thecut.com 2 0.8%
mindtools.com 2 0.8%
nih.gov 1 0.6%
springer.com 1 0.3%

1 of 24 passages
Student passage CITED

…by a “epistemic distortion” that entails “unreasonably  favouring supporting evidence for [one's] view, which can lead to the belief being excessively
confident or extreme

Top web match

In the same vein, Steel (2018) holds that the bias involves an “epistemic distortion [that] consists of unjustifiably favoring supporting evidence for [one's] belief,
which can result in the belief…
What Is the Function of Confirmation Bias? | SpringerLink https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10670-020-00252-1

2 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

this bias—the likelihood to believe, recollect, and act solely on information that confirms one's existing beliefs—is pervasive & it's common, and it could be
contributing to the high failure rate of…

Top web match

This confirmation bias--the tendency to trust, remember, and act only on information that supports what an individual already believes--is pernicious and wide-
spread and may also contribute to the…
Confirmation Bias in Entrepreneurship http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2018/07/Confirmation-Bias-in-Entrepreneurship.pdf

3 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

confirmation bias is more powerful since we are more inclined to undertake evidence that supports that opinion and carefully evaluate evidence that
contradicts it.

Top web match

The influence of confirmation bias is more significant with existing beliefs because you are more likely to acknowledge evidence that coincides with that
existing belief and carefully examine evidence…
Confirmation Bias in Entrepreneurship http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2018/07/Confirmation-Bias-in-Entrepreneurship.pdf

4 of 24 passages
Student passage QUOTED

"In visual perception, you have a process that suppresses ambiguity so that a single interpretation is adopted, and you're not conscious of the
ambiguity," Kahneman tells Science of Us.

https://classroom.google.com/g/sr/Mzc2NDk3MDkwNDU0/NDM4OTM4NTg0MTc2/1-PFnfIAur_IENSciiBUq_iQMOmlUpIqGgtMaPGbjJ7Y 1/5
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Top web match

“In visual perception, you have a process that suppresses ambiguity,” Kahneman tells Science of Us, “so that a single interpretation is chosen, and you're
not aware of the ambiguity.
Kahneman: Your Cognitive Biases Act Like Optical Illusions - The Cut https://www.thecut.com/2017/01/kahneman-biases-act-like-optical-illusions.html

5 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

The characters snap into place as the letter B or the number 13 depending on context - whether you're "viewing" the image…

Top web match

Depending on context — whether you're “reading” the image horizontally or vertically, the characters snap into place as the letter B or the number 13.
Kahneman: Your Cognitive Biases Act Like Optical Illusions - The Cut https://www.thecut.com/2017/01/kahneman-biases-act-like-optical-illusions.html

6 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

a team that has fallen in love with its recommendation may unconsciously disregard information that contradicts its beliefs, place far too much emphasis on
one piece of data, or make incorrect …

Top web match

A team that has fallen in love with its recommendation, for instance, may dismiss evidence that contradicts its theories, give too much weight to one piece
of data, or make faulty comparisons to…
Before You Make That Big Decision... - The Case Centre https://www.thecasecentre.org/products/view?id=101876

7 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

The rewards could be substantial: According to the latest McKinsey research of over a thousand company investments, when organisations sought to decrease
the effects of the bias, their returns on the …

Top web match

The payoffs can be significant: A recent McKinsey study of more than 1,000 business investments, for instance, showed that when companies worked to reduce
the effects of bias, they raised their…
(PDF) Before you make that big decision... - ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51453002_Before_you_make_that_big_decision

8 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

…can be faulty. The key to excellent strategy is a disciplined decision making process, not individual cleverness.

Top web match

A disciplined decision-making process, not individual genius, is the key to good strategy. ResearchGate Logo. Discover the world's research.
(PDF) Before you make that big decision... - ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51453002_Before_you_make_that_big_decision

9 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

…a 2013 research, can influence how people see statistics. People have a tendency to infer information from statistics that supports their previous opinions,
even when the evidence supports an

Top web match

Its authors report that people have a tendency to infer information from statistics that support their existing beliefs, even when the data support an opposing
view.
Avoiding Psychological Bias in Decision Making - Mind Tools https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/avoiding-psychological-bias.htm

10 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

You can also seek out people and material that contradict your beliefs, or designate someone on your team to act as the "devil's advocate" when making
crucial decisions.

Top web match

Surround yourself with a diverse group of people, and don't be afraid to listen to dissenting views. You can also seek out people and information that challenge
your opinions, or assign someone on…
Avoiding Psychological Bias in Decision Making - Mind Tools https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/avoiding-psychological-bias.htm

https://classroom.google.com/g/sr/Mzc2NDk3MDkwNDU0/NDM4OTM4NTg0MTc2/1-PFnfIAur_IENSciiBUq_iQMOmlUpIqGgtMaPGbjJ7Y 2/5
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11 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

In addition, we investigate the impact of confirmation bias on the performance of software developers and testers.They created interactive and pen-and-paper
assessments based on two cognitive…

Top web match

Method: In order to measure and quantify confirmation bias levels of software developers/testers, we prepared pen-and-paper and interactive tests based on
two tasks from cognitive psychology…
Empirical Analyses of the Factors Affecting Confirmation Bias and
... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303689554_Empirical_Analyses_of_the_Factors_Affecting_Confirmation_Bias_and_the_Effects_of_Confirmation_Bias_o

12 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

this bias is linked to decreased neuronal sensitivity to the power of others opinions in the posterior medial prefrontal cortex. These findings show that prior
judgments change the brain …

Top web match

This bias is related to reduced neural sensitivity to the strength of others' opinions in the posterior medial prefrontal cortex when opinions are
disconfirming. Our results demonstrate that existing …
Confirmation bias in the utilization of others' opinion strength - PubMed https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31844311/

13 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

…An experiment is described that looks for positive confirmation bias in a situation where people choose what information they want to buy before making
a decision

Top web match

An experiment is reported which tests for positive confirmation bias in a setting in which individuals choose what information to buy, prior to making a
decision.
Positive Confirmation Bias in the Acquisition of
Information https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5158706_Positive_Confirmation_Bias_in_the_Acquisition_of_Information

14 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

Positive confirmation bias is discovered to exist in both the acquisition and application of knowledge, and this bias is found to be resistant to experience.
The bias is thought to be caused by a…

Top web match

Strong evidence of positive confirmation bias, in both information acquisition and information use, is found; and this bias is found to be robust to
experience.
Positive Confirmation Bias in the Acquisition of
Information https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5158706_Positive_Confirmation_Bias_in_the_Acquisition_of_Information

15 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

how knowledge from effective communities such as stock message boards affects investor’s trading decisions and investment success using data from a
novel field experiment in South Korea. They…

Top web match

Using data from a new field experiment in South Korea, we study how information from virtual communities such as stock message boards influences
investors' trading decisions and investment…
Confirmation Bias, Overconfidence, and Investment
Performance https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228140250_Confirmation_Bias_Overconfidence_and_Investment_Performance_Evidence_from_Stock_Messa

16 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

Confirmation Bias and Entrepreneurship                In the field of entrepreneurship and company establishments, this bias can lead to issues such as
overestimating the amount to where others…

Top web match

CONFIRMATION BIAS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP In the world of entrepreneurship and business startups, being subject to the influence of confirmation bias
can also involve problems such as overestimating the…
Confirmation Bias in Entrepreneurship http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2018/07/Confirmation-Bias-in-Entrepreneurship.pdf

https://classroom.google.com/g/sr/Mzc2NDk3MDkwNDU0/NDM4OTM4NTg0MTc2/1-PFnfIAur_IENSciiBUq_iQMOmlUpIqGgtMaPGbjJ7Y 3/5
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17 of 24 passages
Student passage CITED

Because entrepreneurs are determined and understand the time value of money and the competitive nature of most markets and industries, Allinson,
Chell, and Hayes (2000) discovered that they tend…

Top web match

Allinson, Chell, and Hayes (2000) found that entrepreneurs tend to bypass rigorous analysis of decisions and favor more instinctive methods associated with
abundant cognitive biases because they are…
Confirmation Bias in Entrepreneurship http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2018/07/Confirmation-Bias-in-Entrepreneurship.pdf

18 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

A study of more than thousand significant investments by McKinsey & Company (Lovallo & Sibony, 2010) found that when businesses tried to reduce the
consequences of rational errors in their decision…

Top web match

A McKinsey study of more than 1,000 major business investments showed that when organizations worked at reducing the effect of bias in their decision-
making processes, they achieved returns of up to…
The case for behavioral strategy | Request PDF - ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288606273_The_case_for_behavioral_strategy

19 of 24 passages
Student passage CITED

the literature on debiasing strategies, it's worth noting that many of them are aimed to shift mental processing from a System 1 (automatic, heuristic) to a
System 2 (controlled, rule-governed) mode …

Top web match

Interestingly, when examining the literature on debiasing techniques, many of these techniques are designed to shift mental processing mainly from what
Stanovich and West (2000) referred to as a…
Confirmation Bias in Entrepreneurship http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2018/07/Confirmation-Bias-in-Entrepreneurship.pdf

20 of 24 passages
Student passage CITED

…bias, a more disciplined decision-making process is required. Kahneman, Lovallo, and Sibony (2011) developed a three-part, 12-question checklist to help
executives and leaders avoid strategic

Top web match

Kahneman,. Lovallo, and Sibony (2011) have offered a three-part, 12-question checklist intended to assist executives and leaders thwart cognitive errors in
strategic choices (see Table 2).
Confirmation Bias in Entrepreneurship http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2018/07/Confirmation-Bias-in-Entrepreneurship.pdf

21 of 24 passages
Student passage CITED

a checklist improves outcomes in a variety of disciplines, including medical, aviation, construction, and investment, and that the value of a checklist is not
in improving one's talent, but in…

Top web match

Gawande (2009) observed that a checklist improves outcomes in a wide range of fields including medicine, aviation, construction, and investing and that
the power of a checklist is not that it improves…
Confirmation Bias in Entrepreneurship http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2018/07/Confirmation-Bias-in-Entrepreneurship.pdf

22 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

2) Questions entrepreneurs can use to stand against the people proposing a course of action.

Top web match

1) Questions entrepreneurs should ask themselves. 2) Questions entrepreneurs can use to challenge the people proposing a course of action.
Confirmation Bias in Entrepreneurship http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2018/07/Confirmation-Bias-in-Entrepreneurship.pdf

23 of 24 passages
Student passage CITED

Confirmation bias occurs because our biological hardwiring makes it easier for us to understand confirming facts, especially when the opposing data is

Top web match

https://classroom.google.com/g/sr/Mzc2NDk3MDkwNDU0/NDM4OTM4NTg0MTc2/1-PFnfIAur_IENSciiBUq_iQMOmlUpIqGgtMaPGbjJ7Y 4/5
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We suffer from confirmation bias primarily because our biological hardwiring allows us to understand confirming data more easily, especially when the
contradictory data is framed negatively.
Confirmation Bias in Entrepreneurship http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2018/07/Confirmation-Bias-in-Entrepreneurship.pdf

24 of 24 passages
Student passage FLAGGED

of course, is that people look at what they want or expect to see, and they tend to ignore evidence that contradicts their beliefs or ideas that are
preconceived

Top web match

The lesson, of course, is that people see what they want or expect to see and tend to disregard evidence that does not support their own opinion or
preconceived notions and are limited by their…
Confirmation Bias in Entrepreneurship http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2018/07/Confirmation-Bias-in-Entrepreneurship.pdf

https://classroom.google.com/g/sr/Mzc2NDk3MDkwNDU0/NDM4OTM4NTg0MTc2/1-PFnfIAur_IENSciiBUq_iQMOmlUpIqGgtMaPGbjJ7Y 5/5