NURSING PROCESS AS A SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN

PROBLEM SOLVING
Submitted to fulfill the task of Nursing Methodology

Arranged by :

NIDA NAJIYAH

P20620221001

Kindergarten 1A

DIII NURSING STUDY PROGRAM IN CIREBON

POLTEKKES Kemenkes TASIKMALAYA
YEAR 2021/2022
 ABSTRACT
Standards for professional nursing practice in Indonesia were described by the Indonesian
National Nurses Association (PPNI) in 2000. These standards refer to the nursing process which
consists of five stages, namely assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Keywords : Nursing process, nursing care, nursing services.

INTRODUCTION
In the past in Indonesia, nurses as nursing implementers were said to be vocational jobs
which in carrying out their activities as a health team always depended on other health
professionals. In line with the increasing need for quality health services since 1983, the
Indonesian National Nurses Association (PPNI) in the National Workshop has made a pledge
that nursing is a professional.

According to Nursalam (2008) standards of professional nursing practice in Indonesia

have been described by the Indonesian National Nurses Association (PPNI) in 2000. These
standards refer to the nursing process which consists of five stages, namely assessment,
diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation (in Sudono, Setya, and H, 2017).

In Law Number 38 of 2014, nursing services are a form of professional service that is an
integral part of health services based on nursing knowledge and tips aimed at individuals,
families, groups, or communities, both healthy and sick.

Nursing science is based on a very broad theory. According to Lyer et al (1996) the
nursing process is a method by which a concept is applied in nursing practice. This can be
referred to as an approach to problem solving that requires knowledge, techniques, and
interpersonal skills aimed at meeting the needs of clients, families, and communities. The
nursing process consists of five sequential and interrelated stages, namely assessment, diagnosis,
planning, implementation, and evaluation. These stages are integrated into the problem-solving
intellectual function in defining a nursing care (in Nursalam, 2008).

According to Zori & Morrison (2009) in Sudono, Setya, and H (2017) nursing care is a
scientific method in solving client problems. The ability of nurses to identify client problems and
choose appropriate intervention solutions cannot be separated from the ability of nurses to think
critically, namely the ability of nurses to explore reasons based on the evidence base of each
identified problem and solution.
DISCUSSION
1. Understanding the Nursing Process
The goal of the nursing process in general is for a conceptual framework based on the
individual needs of the client, family, and community to be met. The nursing process is a
systematic and organized method of providing nursing care that is focused on the unique
reactions and responses of individuals in a group or individual to the health problems they
are experiencing.
The nursing process consists of five stages: assessment, diagnosis, planning, and
evaluation. With the development of time, the nursing process has been considered as a legal
basis for nursing practice, definitions, and stages in the nursing process have been used as the
basis for developing nursing practice standards, as criteria in certificate programs, as
definitions and legal standards of nursing practice.
2. Nursing Process Stages
a. Nursing Assessment
Assessment is the main basis or first step of the overall nursing process. At this
stage the activities carried out are collecting data, such as history,nursing care, physical
examination, and examination of other secondary data (notes, diagnostic examination
results, and literature). This assessment stage is the main basis in providing nursing care
according to individual needs. Things that need to be considered during the assessment
are as follows:
1. Understand the overall situation being faced by the client.
2. Gather all information related to the past and present
3. Understand that the client is the primary source of information.
4. Secondary sources of information include family members, key persons, and the
client's health records.
b. Nursing diagnoses
A nursing diagnosis is a statement that describes an actual or potential health
status or problem. Nursing diagnoses involve a complex thought process about data
collected from clients, families, medical colleagues, and other health care providers.
Following are the steps for nursing diagnosis:
1. Classification and data analysis.
2. Client interpretation/identification.
3. Data validation.
4. Formulate nursing diagnoses.
c. Nursing (Intervention) Planning
The purpose of planning is to reduce, eliminate, and prevent the client's nursing
problems. The stages of nursing planning are determining the priority of nursing
diagnoses, determining evaluation criteria and formulating nursing interventions. The
following are the planning steps:
1. Determine the priority of the problem.
 2. Write down the result criteria (OUTCOMES).
3. Action plan.
4. Documentation.

Nursing actions ;

1. Preparation
2. Intervention
3. Documentation
d. Nursing Evaluation
Evaluation is the final stage of the nursing process. Evaluation refers to
assessment, stages, and improvements. At this stage the nurse finds the cause of why a
nursing process can succeed or fail (Alfaro - LeFevre, 1994).

3. Benefits of the Nursing Process

It is a framework in the nursing process. Through the process approach nursing, nurses
can:

1. Conduct consistent and systematic nursing education.

2. Increase job satisfaction and self-confidence.
3. Embrace a professional attitude.
4. Prevent malpractice and illegal acts.
5. Accountable and responsible.
The benefits that clients get from providing nursing care with a nursing process approach
are:
1. Get nursing care according to the situation and condition.
2. Get quality nursing care and in accordance with standards.
3. Get continuous nursing care.
4. Obtain effective and efficient nursing care with the active participation of the client.
4. Comparison of Scientific Methods and Nursing Processes as Problem Solving Methods
Every rational action is always accompanied by a decision or choice. Meanwhile, every
decision making and problem solving requires the willingness of the people involved to
accept new things and differences from existing conditions. The gap that occurs is a problem
that requires appropriate answers and solutions.
The nursing process is an organized and systematic method of providing nursing care to
clients, which focuses on human responses, both as individuals, families, and communities
due to actual or potential health problems.
The nursing process is carried out systematically and scientifically according to the
client's condition, both in health and illness, which refers to nursing theories and concepts.
The nursing process is carried out as a process or scientific method, because it is an effortto
carry out certain things which generally include several steps in order to achieve a result,
 steps or stages in the treatment process include assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning,
implementation of nursing actions, and evaluation.
One of the goals of nursing is to solve problems faced by clients. Through the nursing
process approach, the problems encountered can be identified appropriately and decisions
can be taken quicklyappropriate and decisions can be made accurately.
The comparison between the scientific method and the nursing process can be seen in the
following table;
Scientific Method Nursing Process
• Identification of problems Assessment:
• Collecting data • Data collection
• Formulating the Problem • Interpretation
Formulating a Hypothesis Nursing diagnoses
Collecting data Data collection
Troubleshooting Interpretation
Doing Experiments Planning :
• Goal Setting
• Action plan

Testing Conclusions with Experiments Implementation

Conclusion Evaluation and Modification
Make a report Nursing Documentation

CLOSING
1. summary
The Relationship Between the Scientific Method and the Nursing Process
Understanding the application of the nursing process according to Yura and Wals (1983) is a
systematic and scientific method used by nurses in achieving or maintaining optimal bio-
psycho-socio-spiritual through the assessment stage, identification of nursing diagnoses,
determination of nursing plans, implementation of nursing actions, and evaluation.
Meanwhile, according to Carol VA (1991) the nursing process is a systematic mode for
assessing human responses to health problems and making nursing plans that aim tosolve the
problem. The nursing process documents the nurse's contribution to reducing or overcoming the
client's health problems. Based on this definition, a conclusion is drawn regarding a conclusion
related to the nursing process, including:
1. The nursing process is part of nursing practice that requires careful consideration in decision
making. This decision-making must be based on knowledge and application of science as
well as biological, psychological, social, and psychological principles.
2. The nursing process is carried out systematically and scientifically according to the client's
condition, both in health and illness, which refers to nursing theories and concepts.
3. The nursing process is said to be a scientific process or method, because it is an effort to
carry out certain things which generally include several steps in order to achieve a result,
steps or stages in the nursing process include assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning,
implementation of nursing actions, and evaluation.

The scientific method is a scientific method that uses national and scientific measures to
reveal a problem that arises. The following steps are sequential scientific method:

a. Formulate the problem

b. Setting research variables
c. Establish work procedures
d. Collecting data
e. Making conclusions
f. Criteria for the scientific method
g. Based on facts
h. Free from prejudice
i. Principle of analysis
j. Using the hypothesis
k. Quantification technique
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