A FORMATIVE EVALUATION ON THE KABATAAN KONTRA DROGA AT

TERORISMO (KKDAT) PROGRAM IN DIGOS CITY

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the Department of
Criminal Justice Education
UM Digos College
Digos City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Bachelor of Science in

Criminology

CRISPINO S. SALDA

FREDILYN A. MARCELO

October 2022
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION

2 METHOD

Research Participants

Research Instruments

Research Design and Procedure

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

Appendix H. Survey Questionnaire

Introduction

Addiction to drugs and alcohol has become a growingly prevalent

leisure habit in both privileged and impoverished countries, with the vast

majority of circumstances from the youth (Galvão, Valente, Millon, Melo,

Caetano, Cogo-Moreira, & Sanchez, 2021). Although it is well understood that

substance use throughout adolescence can damage cognitive skills and

decision-making, teenage addiction is still prevalent. This signifies that the

earlier adolescents initiate using drugs, the more certainly they are to persist

using and acquire addiction (Edalati, Doucet, & Conrod, 2018). To safeguard

individuals and society from these life-threatening behavior, drug-related

program enactment and government initiatives to provide solutions must be

undertaken (Ballester, Amer, Sánchez-Prieto, & Valero de Vicente, 2021). A

notable epidemiological research study operated in three divisions of

Bangladesh uncovers that there are huge number of drug-addicted users

between the ages of 18 and 30 from all social strata (Mohiuddin, 2019). These

drug-related claims are becoming more widespread in the United States, with

the large percentage of them being students. According to the Global Burden

of Disease study, drug use was responsible for 11.8 million mortality in 2017

(Ritchie and Roser, 2019). This accounts for one in every five deaths

worldwide.

Correspond to the previously stated global concerns, innumerable

initiatives and policies have been imposed. For instance, the Drug

Foundation in Aotearoa developed the NZ Drug Foundation in New Zealand,

where they carry the action in educating, guiding, and advocating for healthy

perspectives to alcohol and other drugs (Mayo, 2021). In Canada, the

National Native Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program works to accelerate

abstinence-based drug and alcohol treatment and recovery programs, to

foster drug-free lifestyles through education and prevention, and to reject drug

legalization (Snijder, Stapinski, Lees, Ward, Conrod, Mushquash, & Newton,

2020). Furthermore, 432 schools in 105 sites incorporated the Life Skills

Training program (LST) in an international setting (Hailey, Patel, Henna,

Baccouche, & Kuang-Wen, 2022). This program emerged in the United

States, and it has since been adopted by countries such as Spain, Italy, the

Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. It is a three-year preventative program

practiced in the classroom for all middle schools. It targets to minimize the

long-term risks linked to alcohol, tobacco, and drug abuse.

However, concerns that frequently surface during the evaluation cycle

of drug prevention efforts include group randomization, a lack of willingness to

participate, and withdrawal from the project (Ikoh, Smah, Okwanya, Clement,

& Aposhi, 2019). Drug awareness campaigns are especially challenging in

various countries since individuals who could potentially gain the most from

the program are also those who are improbable to acquire approval to join in

the first place or drop out before completion (Possi, 2018). As authorities

strive to nurture and equip teenage leaders for a crime-free nation, different

countries have their best practices for combating and protecting adolescents

from illegal substances; nevertheless, the efficacy of the operation must be

assessed (Selfridge, Greer, Card, Macdonald, & Pauly, 2020).

In the Philippines, the escalating crime rate linked to drug addiction has

prompted in the establishment of various initiatives, one of which is the

Kabataan Kontra Droga at Terorismo (KKDAT), which was launched during

President Duterte's administration (Vicente, Ammiyao, Arud, Asiaben,

Balunos, Bangsara, & Rufino, 2020). This is a program that unites young

Filipinos in dialogues that allow them to gain a broader grasp of the

ramifications of terrorism, violent extremism, and illegal substance abuse (Go

Advises Youth to Stay Away from Illegal Drugs, 2018). The intent is to foster

an alliance between the police and the youth as the government's fight

against illegal narcotics and terrorism deepens. Thus, the stated program's

aim would only be realized through the program's viability; yet, there are only

just few studies that look into its operations (Alarcon, 2019). Locally, no

research has been undertaken on the implementation and operation of

KKDAT initiatives. Proponents are compelled to evaluate the KKDAT's

implementation and community involvement, particularly in Digos City.

This scholastic undertaking is anchored on the Youth in Nation-Building

Act of 1995, which helped propel Youth Commission and the National

Comprehensive and Coordinated Program on Youth Development (Arceo,

2018). This is in the ambition of providing leadership in the formation of

programs, the defining of priorities, and the steering of all youth engagement

and building programs and activities, as well as encouraging broad and active

youth inclusion in all. The youth are deemed to have a fundamental part in

nation-building (Mendoza, Ong, Romano & Torno, 2021). It has the prospect

to enable our nation flourish and progress. It is also in capable of carrying

about social progress within our country. Indeed, the youth of our country

determine Philippine's' future (Cabo, 2018).

 The insights of this investigation will benefit a variety of individuals and

organizations. The Philippine National Police, whom is in authority of this

initiative, will be guaranteed a viewpoint on the success of the actions being

carried out. In addition, DILG, as the first line of defense in combating drug-

related crimes in barangays, will have more comprehension and information

to reinforce the implementation of their various services. Youth will be

supplemented further details and opportunities to contribute in a youth

program that supports and boosts their abilities to combat the community's

illegal drug and terrorism crises. This will equip future researchers with an

evidence-based overview for further evaluation of preventive interventions

and more careful assessment for the quality of the programs.

The proposed investigation will be carried out to evaluate the KKDAT

program. This study specifically intends to provide clarifications to the

following inquiries:

1. What is the demographic profile of the youth leader in terms of:

1.1 Gender;

1.2 Age;

1.3 Position; and

1.4 Length of Service?

2. What is the level of implementation of Kabataan Kontra Droga at

Terorismo (KKDAT) program in Digos City in terms of:

 2.1 Concept of Operations;

2.2 Proactive Measures;

2.3 Reactive Measures; and

2.4 Tasks?

3. Is there a statistically significant difference that exist between the

level of implementation when analyzed by profile?

METHOD

Research Participants

The study will be participated by the youth leaders from the different

barangays of Digos City. The basis for this gathering data is through the

incorporation of simple random sampling technique which according to

Ayodeji (2012) enabled the researchers to collect responses from wider

audiences, leading to diverse data and responses. In choosing the research

participants for this study, the following inclusion criteria are strictly followed:

(1) the youth leader must have participated in the KKDAT programs, (2) the

youth has at least six months experience in leadership and (3) the youth is

willing to participate in answering the survey questionnaire. Owing to the fact

that their willingness carries a huge bearing on their coordination, the notion

of choosing this sampling technique will pave random respondents from

different backgrounds to participate in order to render a more reliable outcome

in accordance to the implementation of KKDAT.

Research Instruments
 This study will employ validated survey questionnaire. Only one survey

questionnaire will be utilized by the researchers in this study that will served

as the instrument for the collection and obtainment of data. The survey

questionnaire will be adopted from the approved Command Memorandum

Circular which prescribe the guidelines and procedures in the creation of a

nationwide movement dubbed “Kabataan Kontra Droga at Terorismo” KKDAT.

With the overall structure of the questionnaire, it will be divided into two parts

namely the demographic profile of the participants, which will be categorized

in terms of sex, age, position and length in leadership and their evaluation to

the KKDAT implementation. The researchers guarantee to gather all the

essential documents before implementing the study. These include letters to

the following offices: the Research and Publication Office, Dean's office,

Program Head, and respective barangay youth leaders in Digos City, Davao

del Sur.

Research Design and Procedure

In this research, the researchers will utilize descriptive-comparative

design which according to Tankersley (2015) is a method of inquiry that

measures a certain variable in multiple lenses and figuring out how these

lenses vary. This will be utilized to not only describe but also compare the

variables investigated in this paper. Since the primary aim of the study is to

determine the significant difference that may exist between KKDAT level of

implementation and in reference to the respondent’s profile.

The study and data collection procedures will be carried out in

accordance with the provisions. The researchers will deliver letters formally

requesting permission to perform the study and consent for the interview.
When the study is approved, the interview questions will be ready and will be

revalidated with the assistance of one expert before being distributed.

Following the validation of the instrument, a printed survey questionnaire will

be distributed in accordance with the safety guidelines. To explore and obtain

useful data during the survey from the participants, they will be given enough

time to answer the survey questionnaire.

 References

Arceo, C. J. (2018). Situation of the Filipino Youth and Students. Preprint.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carlo-John-
Arceo/publication/326988623_Situation_of_the_Filipino_Youth_and_St
udents/links/5b70f8c945851546c9fc5619/Situation-of-the-Filipino-
Youth-and-Students.pdf

Alarcon, M. G. (2019). Religion, Culture, and Conflict: Faith-Inspired Women

Peacebuilders Working to End the War on Drugs in the Philippines
(Doctoral dissertation, University of Saskatchewan).
https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/handle/10388/11971/ALARCON-
THESIS-2019.pdf?sequence=1

Ballester, L., Amer, J., Sánchez-Prieto, L., & Valero de Vicente, M. (2021).
Universal family drug prevention programs. A systematic review.
Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 18(2), 192-213.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/LluisBrage/publication/344423306

Cabo, W. L. (2018). Youth and political participation in the Philippines: Voices

and themes from a Democracy Project. Journal of Politics and
Governance, 8(1), 259-271. https://so03.tci-
thaijo.org/index.php/jopag/article/download/123298/93736

Edalati, H., Doucet, C., & Conrod, P. J. (2018). A developmental social

neuroscience model for understanding pathways to substance use
disorders during adolescence. In Seminars in pediatric neurology (Vol.
27, pp. 35-41). WB Saunders.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071909118300135

Galvão, P. P. D. O., Valente, J. Y., Millon, J. N., Melo, M. H., Caetano, S. C.,
Cogo-Moreira, H., ... & Sanchez, Z. M. (2021). Validation of a tool to
evaluate drug prevention programs among students. Frontiers in
psychology, 12, 678091.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678091/full

Hailey, H., Patel, K., Henna, H., Baccouche, B. M., & Kuang-Wen, T. (2022).
Preventing Substance Abuse in Adolescents: A Review of High-Impact
Strategies. Cureus, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27361

Ikoh, M. U., Smah, S. O., Okwanya, I., Clement, U. A., & Aposhi, Z. A. (2019).
Factors affecting entry into drug abuse among youths in Lafia
metropolis: implications on security. Sage open, 9(1),
2158244018823428.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2158244018823428

Mayo, C. (2021). Drug law reform in Aotearoa: The case for decriminalisation
of all substances. New Zealand Medical Student Journal, (33), 32-34.
https://nzmsj.scholasticahq.com/article/30960.pdf
Mendoza, R. U., Ong, R. J. G., Romano, D. L. L., & Torno, B. C. P. (2021).
Counterterrorism in the Philippines. Perspectives on Terrorism, 15(1),
49-64.
https://archium.ateneo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1212&context=a
sog-pubs

Mohiuddin, A. K. (2019). Drug addiction in Bangladesh:“A Consequence of

Social Demoralization Rather Than Individual Flaws”. International
Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy, 2(1), 10-10.
https://escipub.org/index.php/IJART/article/download/723/690

Possi, M. K. (2018). Effects of drug abuse on cognitive and social behaviours:

A potential problem among youth in Tanzania. Utafiti Journal, 3(1).
https://journals.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/uj/article/viewFile/1240/1137

Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2019). Drug use. Our World in Data.
https://ourworldindata.org/drug-use

Selfridge, M., Greer, A., Card, K. G., Macdonald, S., & Pauly, B. (2020). “It's
like super structural”–Overdose experiences of youth who use drugs
and police in three non-metropolitan cities across British Columbia.
International Journal of Drug Policy,
76,102623.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0955395
919303366

Snijder, M., Stapinski, L., Lees, B., Ward, J., Conrod, P., Mushquash, C., &
Newton, N. (2020). Preventing substance use among Indigenous
adolescents in the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand: a
systematic review of the literature. Prevention Science, 21(1), 65-85.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-019-01038-w

Vicente, J. B., Ammiyao, G. D., Arud, P. M. T., Asiaben, C. P., Balunos, N. R.,
Bangsara, U. D., ... & Rufino, C. D. (2020). Community crime
prevention: The case of a barangay in the northern Philippines.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social
Sciences, 9(6), 98-126. https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/June2020/G-
2815.pdf
APPENDICES
 APPENDIX H
A Questionnaire on
Formative Evaluation on the Kabataan Kontra Droga at Terorismo
(Kkdat) Program in Digos City

Dear Respondents:

Greetings!

We are the students of the University of Mindanao Digos College who are
enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in Criminology. We are conducting our
undergraduate study entitled Formative Evaluation on the Kabataan Kontra
Droga at Terorismo (Kkdat) Program in Digos City.

As researchers, we are driven to evaluate the effectivity of the

abovementioned initiatives in guiding youth away from drugs and violence. In
connection with this, we have chosen you as one of our respondents. Hence,
we would like to ask your cooperation in answering this questionnaire. It
would be best if you do not leave any of the questions unanswered. We
assure the full confidentiality of the information you will give.

We will greatly appreciate your valuable time and response for the success of
our research.

Thank you very much for your cooperation!

Respectfully Yours,

The Researchers

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

Name (optional): ________________

Gender: [ ] Male [ ] Female
Age: [ ] 17 years old below [ ] 18 years old above
Position: [ ] Youth President [ ] Youth Vice-President
[ ] Youth Officer [ ] Others (Please indicate)
Length in Service:
[ ] Below six months [ ] More than six months

PART II. KABATAAN KONTRA DROGA AT TERORISMO

IMPLEMENTATION

Instruction: Listed below is the approved Command Memorandum Circular

which prescribe the guidelines and procedures in the creation of
a nationwide movement dubbed “Kabataan Kontra Droga at
Terorismo” KKDAT. As a youth leader, kindly rate the quality of
 the implementation of the said program as to how effective and
efficient it is through its operation, proactive measures, reactive
measures and tasks.

The Likert 1-5 rating scale is used according to the following:

5- Proficient
4- Very Good
3- Good
2- Fair
1- Poor

5 4 3 2 1
Concept of Operations
1. The Program of PNP has launched a massive
campaign against terrorism and illegal drugs through
youth Awareness Organization and Mobilization (AOM)
in coordination with DILG, APF, CHED, PDEA, and
DSWD.
2. The Program of PNP has implemented its advocacy
in empowering the youth in coordination with Local
Council for the Protection of Children, NGOs, PTAs,
business entities, concerned government offices and
other stakeholders.
3. The Program of PNP has produced youth advocates
against illegal activities that improves the relationship
of PNP with the community through sustained
partnerships in coordination with DepEd, NYC, Council
for the Welfare of Children (CWC).
4. The development of Program of Activities, through
AOM for the nationwide initiatives relative to KKDAT,
was headed by Directorate for Police Community
Relations.
5. Through its implementing arm, the Police
Community Affairs and Development Group (PCADG)
as overall in-charge was been supported by all PCR
sections down to the station level, and in partnership
with the other concerned entities.
Proactive Measures
6. Proactive measures have prevented the youth from
falling victims to illegal drugs abuse, radicalization and
terrorism.
7. The given measures have raised the youth's level of
awareness and ignite the spirit of volunteerism as
empowering tools in suppressing terrorism and illegal
drugs.
8. Have already gathered personal circumstances of all
participants for documentation and recording purposes
to enable record-checks among participants.
9. There is a development of modules and community
groups to be trained and be equipped with appropriate
knowledge to be youth advocates and force multipliers
to gather information within the premises of their
schools and neighborhood.
10. Conducted regular seminars and symposiums per
community, for them to be updated with the latest
programs of the PNP with regard to terrorism and
illegal drugs.
Reactive Measures
11. The reactive measures are in-placed which aimed
on what we should do in instances wherein the need
for immediate actions is required.
12. There is an enhancement of speedy reporting of
crime incidents by witnesses/concerned citizens thru
the PNP emergency numbers.
13. There is strong conduct of law enforcement
operations with regard to terrorism and illegal drugs;
related activities reported by KKDAT empowered
youths
14. Regular report of accomplishments per
school/barangay with regard to their own information
drives on terrorism and illegal drugs is implemented
and conducted.
15. A coordinated course of actions and synchronized
communication among PNP offices/units have been
strictly observed in the entire implementation of this
CMC.
Tasks
16. There is a cascading of Kabataan Kontra Droga at
Terorismo in every city/municipality, provincial,
regional and national level.
17. There is a full Implementation of series of trainings
and KKDAT core group election of officers.
18. There is a creation of KKDAT chapter core group,
starting from barangay level to the national level.
19. There is a mobilize volunteers/advocates in the
implementation of antiterrorism, anti-illegal drugs
programs/activities social reintegration, sports clinic,
tree planting and coastal clean-up, and other
productive activities.
20. There is a continued conduct of seminars and
education, cascade acquired assessment inputs to
their constituents; and conduct of periodic
assessments.
21. There is a strengthen oversee of communication
coordination among PNP offices/units as well as the
inter-agency coordination.
22. The program ensures coordination among PNP
offices/units to boost information sharing and decision
making and Perform other tasks as directed.
23. There is a provision of funds for the activity and
resource persons during the cascading KKDAT
nationwide.
24. The program organizes and mobilizes individuals
through the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) as force
multipliers.
25. The program maximizes exposure of intensified
campaign on drug and terrorism awareness.