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Ky63m, socnerbili Anowmuepom, pasbsrniii n npocaasacnnpilt Thesom 1 Metueiwxe, crasmit mpeametom Teopermueckax mryaHii He TOKO Bo panywH, Ho mB Poccun. MraapancKnit dytypu3m, HACTOAHHBIA Ha AeKapauMsx Mapnuettu w BowwoHn, pyccKuit kyGotpyTypHaM, BooGine OLIBINHI AWTepaTypHbIM AWIEHHEM HAYyTE He p McHbmeit CTeTIEHH, HEM xyoxecTBEHHDIM (CM. HHDKe). HaKo- uet— M970 CaMbIit KpacHopeuMuiit NpuMep — mepppie oNrTBI Jhourana («Benocumeauoe kosteco», «bouTar 1 ap.), KOTOpBIE BEE TepnpeTayHH He cymyecTByIOT, HOO, He ABAAACE CaMM TIO cebe PYKOTBOPHBIMH TIpOHSBEAEHHAMHM HCKYCCTBa, OHM HMGJIH CBocit 3a- Aaxeit NpoBOKALIIO CHCTEMbI BOCHPHATHA, ChOMa KOHTEKETa, 4TO OCOsHAETCA B NMepByEO OFepeb HMEHHO H TOMDKO BepGanbHo. 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(Mopo- aon, Llyxnin), cocrasinsuine KOJIeKUMH KaptHH CAMbIX paJLHKaibHbix ppannysckux macrepos, JLanmies c ero «Pycckvimn ceaonamit» Tak IKE CHOCOGCrBOBAIN NEPEMEHAM B «KYAKTypHOM PeoKOmMTUKED. Tpexae pyeckas Kyimtypa ¢ €€ HaCTOUMBEIM pHTOpHaMoM Ht IK ‘TepatyPOLEHTPH3MOM OTAABAA NPEAMOUTEHME COMMAIBHBIM Ht STH: ‘ueckuM WeHHOCTSM. PasBHTHE CHMBOJIM3MA HPO IUIACTHYeCKOTO gabika (CTHUIb MOZepH!), APXECTeKTypa MOfepHA C ero HacToOiuHBEDIM cTpemieHuem K CHHTesy HeKyccrTs (B Mockne ocennio 1902 roga oT- KPhiTa Ghia GONBIAA BRICTABKA “APXHTEKTYPbI H XYMOKECTREHHON NPOMbINLICHHOCTH HOBOTO CTHAA», te tpexcrapaeupr Gp 11 HHO- crpannnie macrepa), Boo6me axrunnnti pocr cmrerisma (1H mpo- cro acreriama) B pyCcKom HicKyectHe, OcTaGAcHHE MpodpeTITIEcKHX crpacreli cram Baxnoiit pexoli ma nyTn ppmxenns K HarrepHarHo- HaIBHOM CHCTeEMe IeHHOCTEIt. (CémxKeune pycckoii iquistyppr c sanaquoit 6ni10, KoHeUHO, mm YACTHIO POGANHOTO HHTerpalMOHHOro MporeEcca, BEpyUIero K Par MBIRANHWO PpaHHI, HalMOHATHDIX DKON, OHH OcTABAIMch H OCTA- 1OTCH, PASYMEETCH, HO MHOXKECTRO AeATENeiT HCKycCTBA NepenocaT ye ¢ nauata XX BeKA NPOUECC CBOErO THOPYECTBA B HHYIO HalyHO- HaIHYIO Cpenty. Penomonps, sarrent Cranonaerine toramrrapritx pexuMmon B COCE, namncrckoli Fepmannn 1 aumcrexo#t Hrann cnoco6crsyior Mac- cosoti amurpanun — 1. Bynnn, B, HaGoxos, M. Hlaras, B. Karuuar cxuii, T. Mann, JL. Peiixreaurep, wcex ne nepeuectn. OcoGwili de- nomen XX veka —snrepatypa, o6peraiontan Bropoit sank (Yalu, HaGoxos). Bee aTo NOMOraer, paayMEeTCA, H CraHOBAEHHIO MOUUIBIX TpaHc- HALMOHAIBHDIX TEMEHHT, BHIXOAALINX 3a TIPEncapl OAHOI CrpaHDt (» nepsoii verseprit neKa OcOGEHHO ApKO M AeKApaTHBHO STO CKA- S@10Cb Ha IpuMepe faanisma — cM. nvpKe). J[BioKeHME KyIbTYpbI HMeHHO c Hayat 1900- ronoB MoaKHO EcTecTBEHHbIM OOpasom pac- CMaTpHEaTE Kak sEAeHHe » GombUIO! 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