ANSI/NEMA C29.

18-2013

American National Standard

For Composite Insulators—

Distribution Line Post Type

Secretariat:

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Approved: May 2013

Published: March 12 2014

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

 NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER

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Published by

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209

 Copyright 2014 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association

All rights reserved including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright
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Printed in the United States of America.

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 C29.18-2013
Page i

FOREWORD
(This Foreword is not part of American National Standard C29.18-2013)

Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent by the date of its next
st
scheduled revision which is December 31 , 2016 to:

Senior Technical Director, Operations

National Electrical Manufacturers Association
th
1300 North 17 Street
Rosslyn, VA 22209

This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by Accredited Standards Committee on
Insulators for Electric Power Lines, C29. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply
that all committee members voted for approval. At the time it approved this standard, the ASC C-29
committee had the following members:

Rob Christman, Chairman

Steve Griffith, Secretary

Organization Represented: Name of Representative:

Edison Electric Institute B. Freimark
R. Christman
E. Cleckley
M. Garrels
R. Kluge
J. Varner (alt)
G. Obenchain (alt)

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers T. Grisham

J. Hildreth
A. Jagtiani
J. Kuffel
E. Gnandt (alt)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association P. Maloney

A.C. Baker
R.A. Bernstorf
D.G. Powell
G.A. Stewart
E. Willis (alt)
Z. Lodi (alt)
E. Niedospial (alt)
A. Schwalm (alt)

Tennessee Valley Authority J. Nelson

R. Stargel (alt)
Western Area Power Administration R. Clark

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD ........................................................................................................... ………………..iv

1 SCOPE ............................................................................................................................................ 1
2 REFERENCES TO THE TEXT ........................................................................................................ 1
2.1 References to American National Standards ................................................................................... 1
2.2 References to other than American National Standards .................................................................. 1
3 DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................. 1
4 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 1
5 MATERIALS .................................................................................................................................... 1
5.1 Core ................................................................................................................................................. 1
5.2 Weathersheds ……………………………………………………………………………………………...2
5.3 Metal Parts ............................................................................................................................... 2
6 DIMENSIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................... 2
7 MARKING ........................................................................................................................................ 2
8 PROTOTYPE TESTS ...................................................................................................................... 2
8.1 Water Penetration Test ................................................................................................................... 3
8.2 Aging or Accelerated Weathering Test ………………………………………………………………3
8.3 Dye Penetration Test........................................................................................................................ 3
8.4 Water Diffusion Test ........................................................................................................................ 3
8.5 Power Arc Test ............................................................................................................................... 3
8.6 Tracking and Erosion Test ............................................................................................................... 4
8.7 Specified Tensile Load (STL) Test ................................................................................................... 5
8.8 Thermal Mechanical Test ................................................................................................................. 5
8.9 Flammability Test for the Shed and Housing Material ..................................................................... 5
9 ELECTRICAL DESIGN TESTS ....................................................................................................... 5
9.1 Low-Frequency Voltage Dry Flashover Test …………………………………………………………..5
9.2 Low-Frequency Voltage Wet Flashover Test ................................................................................... 6
9.3 Critical Impulse Voltage Flashover Tests – Positive ........................................................................ 6
9.4 Radio Influence Voltage Tests ......................................................................................................... 6
10 SAMPLE TESTS .............................................................................................................................. 6
10.1 Dimensional Test ……………………………………………………………………………………..…6
10.2 Galvanizing Test…………………………………………………………………………………………....6
10.3 Cantilever Breaking Load (CBL) Test ............................................... …………………………………6
11 ROUTINE TESTS ………………………………………………………………………………………..6
11.1 Tensile Load Test ............................................................................................................................. 6
11.2 Visual Examination ........................................................................................................................... 7

TABLE
1 Dimensions and Characteristics Composite – Distribution Line Posts ................................... 8

FIGURES
1 Vertical Tie-Top C-Neck Type. Classes 51-1C, 51-2C, 51-3C, & 51-4C ...................................... 9
2 Vertical Tie-Top F-Neck Type. Classes51-1F, 51-2F, 51-3F, & 51-4F ......................................... 9
3 Vertical Clamp—Top Center Tap Base Type. Classes 51-11, 51-12, 51-13, 51-14, 51-15,
& 51-16........................................................................................................................................... 10
4 Horizontal Clamp—Top Center Tap Base Type L. Classes 51-21, 51-22, 51-23, 51-24, 51-25,
& 51-26........................................................................................................................................... 10
5 Horizontal Clamp—Top Gain base Type. Classes 51-31, 51-32, 51-33, 51-34, 51-35, &
51-36 .............................................................................................................................................. 10
6 Cap Dimensions—Vertical Clamp .............................................................................................. 11
7 Cap Dimensions—Horizontal Clamp .......................................................................................... 11

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8 Cap Gauge .................................................................................................................................... 12

9 Base Recess and Thread Dimensions ....................................................................................... 12
10a Gain Base Details ......................................................................................................................... 13
10b Gain Base Details ......................................................................................................................... 13
11 Tracking and Erosion Test – Method 1 (Spray Type Tracking Wheel) ................................... 14
12 Tracking and Erosion Test – Method 2 (Dip-Tank Type Tracking Wheel) .............................. 15

APPENDIX A………………….. ................................................................................................................... 16

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/NEMA C29.18-2013

For Composite Insulators—Distribution Line Post Type

1 SCOPE

This standard covers composite distribution line post type insulators with section lengths 30.6 in (777 mm) or
less made of a fiberglass-reinforced resin rod core, polymer material weathersheds, and metal end fittings as
defined in this standard and intended for use on overhead lines for electric power systems. Mechanical and
electrical performance levels specified herein are requirements for new insulators.

2 REFERENCES TO THE TEXT

2.1 References to American National Standards

When the following American National Standards referred to in this document are superseded by a revision
approved by the American National Standards Institute, Inc., the revision shall apply.

ANSI C29.1-1988 (R2012) American National Standard Test Methods for Electrical Power Insulators

ANSI C29.11-2012 American National Standard for Composite Insulators – Test Methods

2.2 References to other than American National Standards

ASTM 153-1995 Specifications for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

ASTM G-155-05a Standard Practice for Operating Xenon-Arc-Apparatus for Exposures of Nonmetallic
Materials

ASTM D2565-1999 Standard Practice for Xenon Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Use

ASTM G154 -06 Standard Practice for Operating Light Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Non-
metallic Materials

IEC 60695-11-10 Fire Hazard Testing–Part 11-10 Test Flames–50 W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test
Methods.

3 DEFINITIONS

See Section 3 of American National Standard for Composite Insulators – Test Methods, ANSI C29.11 and
Section 2 of American National Standard Test Methods for Electrical Power Insulators, ANSI C29.1 for
definition of common terms used in this standard.

4 GENERAL

4.1 Insulators shall conform in all respects to the requirements of this standard. The text and figures
supplement each other and shall be considered part of this standard.

4.2 Manufacturer’s drawings, if furnished, shall show the outline of the insulators, together with all
pertinent electrical and mechanical characteristics, and dimensions as specified herein.

5 MATERIALS

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5.1 Core

The core of the insulator shall consist of a fiberglass-reinforced resin rod. The core shall be sound and free of
defects that might adversely affect the mechanical or electrical properties of the insulators.

5.2 Weathersheds

The weathersheds shall be made of polymer materials such as ethylene propylene elastomer or silicone
elastomer. They may contain inorganic fillers and organic compounding agents.

5.3 Metal Parts

Metal parts shall be made of a good commercial grade of malleable iron, ductile iron, steel, or aluminum.
Ferrous parts, other than stainless steel, shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153.

6 DIMENSIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions and characteristics of the insulators shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s drawings,
Figures 1 through 5, and Table 1. The shapes of the weathersheds and spacing between them are not a part
of this standard. The allowed tolerances for all dimensions for which special tolerances do not apply shall be
in accordance with Section 5 of ANSI C29.11.

7 MARKING

Each insulator shall be clearly and indelibly marked with symbols identifying the manufacturer, a
manufacturing date code or year of manufacture and the Specified Cantilever Load (SCL) with appropriate
units*.

* NOTE: FOR CONVENIENCE IN IDENTIFYING AN INSULATOR, MARKING MAY ALSO INCLUDE THE
MANUFACTURERS’ HISTORICAL RATINGS SUCH AS REFERENCE CANTILEVER LOAD (RCL),
MAXIMUM DESIGN CANTILEVER LOAD (MDCL), MAXIMUM WORKING LOAD (MWL), OR WORKING
CANTILEVER LOAD (WCL).

8 PROTOTYPE TESTS

Prototype tests are required to verify the suitability of the materials and methods of manufacture for insulators
defined by the following same characteristics:

(1a) shed material

(1b) housing material
(2a) shed design (includes diameter, thickness, and shape)
(2b) housing design (includes thickness and covering of metal fittings)
(3) core material
(4) core diameter
(5) metal fitting material
(6a) metal fitting connection zone
(6b) core-metal-housing interface
(7) metal fitting method of attachment to core

To allow for manufacturing variations, (2a), (2b) and (4) may vary up to 15% before the prototype tests must
be repeated, except retesting is not required for greater thickness of the shed or housing or increased rod
diameter that exceed the 15% variation limitation.
The insulator design shall be qualified by successful completion of the following tests. Design changes shall
be tested as listed in the following table.

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Prototype Test Requirements

If the insulator design Then the following design prototype tests shall be repeated
changes the (Heading numbers refer to clauses in this standard)
8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9
Water Dye Water Power Tracking Thermal
Penetration Aging penetration diffusion arc &erosion Tensile mechanical Flammability
(1a) Shed Material X X X X
(1b) Housing Material X X X X X X X
(2a) Shed Design X
(2b) Housing Design X X X X
(3) Core Material X X X X X X
(4) Core Diameter X X X X
(5) Metal End Fitting Material X X X X
(6a) Metal End Fitting Connection
Zone Design X X X
(6b) Core-housing-metal End Fitting
Interface Design X X X X X
(7) Metal End Fitting Method of
Attachment to Core X X X X

8.1 Water Penetration Test

Three sample insulators and an additional identical insulator (reference insulator) shall be tested in
accordance with Section 7.1.5 and 7.1.6 of ANSI C29.11. The temperature rise of the shank of each sample
measured immediately after the test shall be no more than 18° F (10° C) above ambient.

8.2 Aging or Accelerated Weathering Test

8.2.1 Test Specimens

Select three new specimens of shed and housing materials for this test (with markings included, if
applicable).

8.2.2 Test Procedures

Test each specimen for 1000 hours by one of the following methods:
 Xenon-Arc Methods: ASTM D2565 or ASTM G 155.
 Fluorescent UV Method: ASTM G 154
Any markings must be directly exposed to UV light. Tests without water are not permitted.

8.3 Dye Penetration Test

Dye penetration tests shall be conducted in accordance with Section 7.4.1 of ANSI C29.11. The time for the
dye to rise by capillarity shall be more than 15 minutes.

8.4 Water Diffusion Test

Water diffusion tests shall be conducted in accordance with Section 7.4.2 of ANSI C29.11. No puncture or
surface flashover is allowed. The current during the whole test shall not exceed 1 mA r.m.s.

8.5 Power Arc Test

8.5.1 Test Specimens

Three insulators shall be tested.

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8.5.2 Test Procedure

Each insulator shall be loaded in tension to 1300 lbs (5.78 kN). A test rig gripping the base of the insulator
cap end-fitting may be used to apply the tension load. The load shall be maintained for the duration of the
test.

An arc shall be initiated across each insulator by means of a copper shorting fuse wire. The arc shall burn 15
to 150 cycles. The current magnitude (i x t) shall equal or exceed 150 kA-cycles.

8.5.3 Test Evaluation

The test is passed if each insulator passes the moisture penetration test defined in Section 8.5.3.1.

8.5.3.1 Moisture Penetration (Seal) Test

Submerge each end of each insulator in a dye composed of 1 % alcohol solution of a red/violet Methin dye
(such as Astrazon or Basinol) or fuchsin for a minimum of 15 minutes. Remove the insulators from the
solution and wipe dry.

Cut each insulator nominally 90º to the axis of the core and about 2 in (50.8 mm) from each metal fitting. Cut
both metal fittings on each insulator longitudinally in half and remove the portion of metal fitting. The test is
passed if, for each sample, there is no evidence of dye on the area of the core where the metal fitting was
removed.

8.6 Tracking and Erosion Test

8.6.1 Test Specimens

Select three sample insulators for this test and an additional identical reference insulator. Insulators of
reduced length may be substituted for full length insulators provided the reduced length insulators have shed
profiles, and diameters representative of that for a full length insulator if repeated.

8.6.2 Test Procedure

The test circuit shall be configured such that no more than a maximum voltage drop of 5% occurs when the
circuit is loaded with a resistive current of 250 mA (r.m.s.) on the high voltage side.

Test the three sample insulators using one of the two methods listed below. The manufacturer shall select
the test method.

For either test method, the test may be interrupted for maintenance for a period of up to 8 hours with the
cycle remaining valid. Maintenance time shall not be included in the cumulative test time.

Method 1: Spray type tracking wheel (see Figure 11).

The saline solution spray shall consist of de-ionized water with 0.22 ± 0.01 g/l of NaCl.
The voltage stress shall be 35 V/mm of leakage distance.
Each insulator shall be exposed to at least 1000 hours of test with spray turned on.
The cycle speed shall be 60 ± 10 rotations/hour.
Each insulator shall be sprayed with the saline solution at the bottom of the rotating cycle (see Figure 11).
Spray nozzles and flow rate shall be adjusted so that each insulator is completely wetted during each cycle.
The distance between the spray nozzle and the sample during spraying shall not be less than 125 mm.
After every four days of testing, the insulators shall be given a 24 hour recovery period. During this period, the
spray nozzles shall be turned off, but all other features of the test will continue to operate.

Method 2: Dip-tank type tracking wheel (see Figure 12).

The saline solution in the tank shall consist of de-ionized water with 1.40 ± 0.06 g/l of NaCl.

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The voltage stress shall be 35 V/mm of leakage distance.

Each insulator shall be exposed to at least 30,000 cycles.
Each cycle shall consist of the insulator going through the four positions shown in Figure 12.
Cycle time shall be 200 s ± 25 s with the insulator stationary no less than 80% of the cycle time. Each
position shall require an approximately equal period of time.

After every four days of testing, the insulators shall be given a 24 hour recovery period. During this period, the
test procedure remains unchanged except that the saline solution is removed from the dip tank.

Immediately after the tracking wheel test, each aged sample insulator and the reference insulator shall be
tested and evaluated to the following test, which must be completed within 48 hours of removal from the
wheel. The sample insulators shall be rinsed in de-ionized water prior to the following tests. The tests shall
be performed in the order listed:

(a) Sample insulators: In accordance with Section 7.1.6.2 of ANSI C29.11, except that only 10
impulses of positive and 10 impulses of negative polarity shall be required.
(b) Sample insulators and reference insulator: In accordance with Section 7.1.6.3 of ANSI C29.11.
The temperature rise of the shank of each insulator (measured immediately after the test) shall be
no more than 18° F (10° C) above ambient.

8.6.3 Test Evaluation

Each aged sample insulator is acceptable if there is no tracking or erosion to the core and no shed or
housing puncture.

8.7 Specified Tensile Load (STL) Test

Three sample insulators shall be tested in accordance with 8.3.1.3.1 of ANSI C29.11. The test is passed if no
failure occurs, or the failing load is at or above the STL. The test results obtained are valid for all insulators
utilizing the same diameter core rod and end fittings material and method of attachment.

8.8 Thermal-Mechanical Test

Three sample insulators shall be tested in accordance with 7.1.4.2 of ANSI C29.11. The test is passed if the
increase in length is equal to or less than 0.08 in. (2 mm) and the three samples pass the requirements of the
moisture penetration test in Section 8.5.3.1.

8.9 Flammability Test for the Shed and Housing Material

Flammability tests shall be conducted in accordance with 7.5 of ANSI C29.11. The test is passed if the test
specimen belongs to Category FV0: IEC 60695-11-10.

9 ELECTRICAL DESIGN TESTS

Insulator test specimens will be mounted for these tests in accordance with Section 8.1.2 of ANSI C29.11.
Insulators must meet the requirements given in Table 1. Tests on an insulator of a particular dry arcing
distance and shed configuration are valid for all classes with the same dry arcing distance.

9.1 Low-Frequency Voltage Dry Flashover Test

One composite insulator shall be selected and tested in accordance with 8.2.1 of ANSI C29.11. Failure of the
dry flashover value of the unit to equal or exceed 95% of the rated dry flashover value, as given in Table 1
shall constitute failure to meet the requirements of this standard.

9.2 Low-Frequency Voltage Wet Flashover Test

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One composite insulator shall be selected and tested in accordance with Section 8.2.2 of ANSI C29.11.
Failure of the wet flashover value of the unit to equal or exceed 90% of the rated wet flashover value, as
given in Table 1 shall constitute failure to meet the requirements of this standard.

9.3 Critical Impulse Voltage Flashover Tests – Positive

One composite shall be selected and tested in accordance with Section 8.2.6 of ANSI C29.11. Failure of the
positive critical impulse flashover value of the unit to equal or exceed 92% of the rated positive critical
impulse flashover value, as given in Table 1, shall constitute failure to meet the requirements of this standard.

9.4 Radio-Influence Voltage Test

One composite shall be selected and tested in accordance with Section 8.2.8 of ANSI C29.11. The test
voltage and maximum RIV level shall be as listed in Table 1.

10 SAMPLE TESTS

Sample test units shall be selected at random from the lot.

10.1 Dimensional Test

Three insulators shall be selected at random from the lot and their dimensions checked against the
dimensions on the manufacturer’s drawing. Failure of one or more of these insulators to conform within
manufacturing tolerance to the dimensions on this drawing shall constitute failure to meet the requirements of
this standard.

10.2 Galvanizing Test

Three pieces representative of each type of galvanized hardware used with the insulators shall be selected at
random and tested in accordance with Section 9.6 of ANSI C29.11.

10.3 Cantilever Breaking Load (CBL) Test

A sample insulator shall be subjected to a cantilever load test in accordance with Section 9.5.3 of ANSI
C29.11. The test is passed if the CBL is greater or equal to the specified cantilever load (SCL) given in
Table 1.

11 ROUTINE TESTS

Routine tests are to be performed on every insulator produced.

11.1 Tensile Load Test

Each insulator shall be subjected, at ambient temperature, to a tensile load of at least 50% of the STL for at
least 10 seconds. No partial or complete pull out of the core from the end fitting shall occur.
A test rig gripping the base of the insulator cap end-fitting may be used to apply the tension load.

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11.2 Visual Examination

The mounting of the metallic parts will be in conformance with the manufacturer’s drawing. Individual
superficial defects in the polymer housing and weathersheds shall not exceed 0.39 in2 (25mm2) and the
maximum depth of such defects shall not exceed 0.04 in. (1 mm).

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Table 1 – Dimensions and Characteristics, Composite – Distribution Line Posts

Low Critical Radio influence Dry Specified Specified Center- hole

frequency impulse voltage Section Leakage arcing cantilever tensile nominal
flashover flashover length distance distance load load thread size2
Test Max RIV
Class Dry Wet (Positive) voltage1 at 1 MHz SCL STL
kV kV kV kV microvolts Inches Inches Inches Pounds Pounds Inches Fig.
Vertical tie-top C-neck
Center tap base type
51-1C 55 30 95 10 100 11.8  1.5 10 5.2 2400 2000 3/4
51-2C 70 50 120 15 100 14.7  1.5 14 6.5 2400 3/4
51-3C 100 70 160 22 100 15.7  2.5 22 9.5 2400 3/4 1
51-4C 125 95 200 30 200 18.1  2.5 29 12.25 2240 3/4
Vertical tie-top F-neck
Center tap base type
51-1F 55 30 95 10 100 11.8  1.5 10 5.2 2400 2000 3/4
51-2F 70 50 120 15 100 14.7  1.5 14 6.5 2400 3/4
51-3F 100 70 160 22 100 15.7  2.5 22 9.5 2400 3/4 2
51-4F 125 95 200 30 200 18.1  2.5 29 12.25 2240 3/4
Vertical clamp-top
Center tap base type
51-11 55 30 95 10 100 11.8  1.5 10 5.2 2400 5000 3/4
51-12 70 50 120 15 100 14.7  1.5 14 6.5 2400 3/4
51-13 100 70 160 22 100 15.7  2.5 22 9.5 2400 3/4 3
51-14 125 95 200 30 200 18.1  2.5 29 12.25 2240 3/4
51-15 160 130 265 44 200 22.8  2.5 42 17.25 2400 3/4
51-16 180 150 300 44 200 25.9  2.5 51 19.25 2400 7/8
Horizontal clamp-top
Center tap base type
51-21 55 30 95 10 100 11.8  1.5 10 5.2 2400 5000 3/4
51-22 70 50 120 15 100 14.7  1.5 14 6.5 2400 3/4
51-23 100 70 160 22 100 15.7  2.5 22 9.5 2400 3/4 4
51-24 125 95 200 30 200 18.1  2.5 29 12.25 2240 3/4
51-25 160 130 265 44 200 22.8  2.5 42 17.25 2400 3/4
51-26 180 150 300 44 200 25.9  2.5 51 19.25 2400 7/8
Horizontal clamp-top
Gain base type
51-31 55 30 95 10 100 14.8  2.5 10 5.2 2400 5000 --
51-32 70 50 120 15 100 17.7  2.5 14 6.5 2400 --
51-33 100 70 160 22 100 18.7  2.5 22 9.5 2400 -- 5
51-34 125 95 200 30 200 21.0  2.5 29 12.25 2240 --
51-35 160 130 265 44 200 25.8  2.5 42 17.25 2400 --
51-36 180 150 300 44 200 28.1  2.5 51 19.25 2400 --
NOTES— 1. Low frequency test voltage, r.m.s. –to-ground.
2. Refer to Figure 9 for tapping detail.

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Note: Angle shown is illustrative. Actual angle may vary 5 - 15º.

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Figure 11- Tracking and Erosion Test –

Method 1 Spray Type Tracking Wheel

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Figure 12- Tracking and Erosion Test –

Method 2 Dip-Tank Type Tracking Wheel

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APPENDIX A
(This Appendix is not part of American National Standard C29.18-2013
but is included for information only.)

Packaging

Packaging of insulator should be such as to afford reasonable and proper protection to the insulators in
shipping and handling.

Each box or container should be marked with the number of insulators contained therein, the catalog
number, class number, or a description of the contents, and the manufacturer’s name.

© 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association