BETWEEN THE LINES a ere War UR eee BUM eli Mey Reine Cat mr Exchanged Babies/A Surrogate Story Sharing Profits and Losses/ Ue Ue red A Way of LifeF Quesi ADVANCED 2 INSTITUTO DE IDIOMAS YAZIG! S/c Presidéncia: Fernando H. Silva, CENTRO DE LINGUISTICA APLICADA DiregSo: Lynn Mario T: Menezes do Sour AUTORES DO QUEST 2 Lynn Mario T. Menezes de Souza .__ Maria da Gl6ria Costa Cunha Gil Mario Utimati Marisa Grigoletto Prsiete Grtico Original: Selene Beatriz do Olveira Cruz Adaptagio do Projeto Grafico para QUEST 3, Sees '@ Diagramacao: Marta Helofsa Leuba Saium Assistente de Produgao: Enir Martins Ferreira llustragées do Miolo: Jun Yohoyama e Valter Harasaki llustragao de Capa: Sérgio Sdrous Revisdo: Carlos Pedro Macana da Ansuneio (texto) o Patricia Setéro iagrare) ‘Composigio e Paste-up: LiDIO FERREIRA JUNIOR ARTES GRAFICAS E EDITORA LTDA Fotolto: RIS-GRAF FOTOLITO S/C LTDA. Impresso nas gréficas da Difuso Nacional do Livro “ESTE VOLUME E PARTE INTEGRANTE DO LIVRO QUEST 2 Editado e publicado pela DIFUSAO NACIONAL DO LIVRO, EDITORA E IMPORTADORA LTDA. ; Av. 9 de Julho, 3166 - CEP 01406 - Sao Paulo ~SP julhores + TODOS 05 DIREITOS RESERVADOS ang ta lal ld id a da le ane1. biscuss the following with your colleagues and teacher. “a a. Have you ever been afraid of school? BETWEEN THE LINES b. Were you ever forced to go to school by your parents? c, What kind of excuses did you make up not to go to school? d. What kind of punishment did your teacher(s) submit you to? @. What is it that your teacher(s) did to you at school that really annoyed you? f. Did you ever feel like giving up school? Read the text FEAR OF SCHOOL and give the following information: fname of the disease: number of people affecte: age of people stecee DI ge alg OS physical symptoms of the disease: treatment. 2 sel pono ty Sry FEAR OF SCHOOL Some children do not like school. But in Japan, that, familiar aversion has reached alarming proportions. ‘About 50,000 unhappy youngsters a year (out of a total school-age population of 20 million) are affected by what Japanese behavioral experts call school phobia. First noticed in 1960, the trouble strikes youngsters four to 18 years old and accounts for 47% of all cases of child and adolescent mental disturbance treated in Japan. School phobia is ‘distinguished from other common childhood and [adolescent psychological andjemotiona disorders ty i patience encarta oe oh going to school. Typically, it begins with fever? “sweating, migraine headaches and diarrhea; often { progresses to complete physical inertia, depression, Leven autism. f ‘School phobia can be cured, ustally with _ttanquilizers and psychotherapy. Rehabilitation takes ‘about two years. Yet vietims who wind up in clinics ‘or mental wards often prefer to stay there. “The causes of school phobia are not precisely ‘known. In a few severe cases, brain disorders have bbeen diagnosed. A more common factor may be the stereo-typically overprotective Japanese mother who, some psychiatrists say, leaves her children ill- Jo BINey Sawer prepared to face the real world. Many researchers point to the pressures for success faced by both children and adults in Japan, where stress-related disorders of all sorts are common. In addition, the Japanese educational system is one of the world’s most rigid, suppressing a child’s individual creative and analytical- development in Qerer ‘of obedience and memorization. Says the head f the department of psychosomatic medicine at ‘Tokyo University: “The problem won't be cured until Japanese society as a whole is cured of its social ills” QUEST 2 1 YAzIGI3. Look in the text forthe definition of, SCHOOL PHOBIA. Ene? none) omcly Look in the text for words which are used in the place of the expression SCHOOL PHOBIA. 5. According to the text, to which types of disorders is SCHOOL PHOBIA related? the text. phyeolon.ien Read the statements below and choose the ones which reflect the ideas contained in [> Many Japanese suffer from stress-related disorders. Lic] Japanese school system respects each student's personal characteristics and individuality. [S] Japanese mothers overprotect their children. [*] Japanese schools are very ri [©] in Japanese society, everyone has the moral obligation to succeed. [| Japanese youngsters do not like the clinics they are sent to for treatment. (] Japanese students are taught how to follow orders and to memorize. [<1] Japanese children are not prepared at home to live in the outside world. b. Now using the word BECAUSE, make 3 statements using the 6 correct statements above, the text. b. Now add one of these YAzIGI Read the words below and group them — 4 groups — according to their meanings in /relinics Dux (tisorders Grsturbances experts Serta wards pate problem seychatins +tesearchers )/ \3 school phobia \othe trouble. words to each group of words: hospital Jl... illnesses key especialists os fear of school R phelvn and leave no room for the student's creativity. QUEST 2FEAR OF SCHOOL ae ad 8. Read the paragraph below and find out who PAUL NING is. age: native-country: Ja father's occupation: place of residence: ¥ school grade: prize won: ‘School phobia can be cured, usually with Tokyo University: “The probiem won't be cured until tranquilizers and psychotherapy. Rehabilitation takes Japanese society as 2 whole is cured of its social about two years. Yet victims who wind up in clinics ills” ACADEMIC SUCCESS OF ASIANS: NURTURE OR NATURE? Paul Ning, 16, is not a native-born American. The Bronx High School of Science in New York City and son of a Taiwanese diplomat, Ning went to the US. the winner of the Westinghouse Science Talent at the age of three. By 11, he was constructing a Search, Ning feels, “You have to be aggressive in simple wind tunnel to study the relationship between your studies to really understand what you're doing” velocity and pressure. Now a senior at the elite b. Find in the above paragraph the equivalent words or expressions for Paul Ning was born in the United States. When he was eleven years old,. ‘Now, in his last year of high school, c. Analyse and discuss the mesning of the word aggressive in Ning’s statement. “You have to be aggressive in your studies to really understand what you're doing” YAzIGI 3 QUEST 29. Read the paragraph below and explain the statement: “what they lack in numbers they make up for in achievement.” . Match the words on your left with their explanations on the right. a. to make up for [24] to have the right qualifi b. freshman class a (J one of the best } © high school graduates /y3.6/ mo universities in the United States | d. to be eligible for [©] students who have finished high } @. Harvard school o. emstly [41 class of students who have just entered university [dU to compensate for ¢. Insert three of these words or expressions in the statements below. ‘more Asian Americans than Americans amore Americans than Asian Americans ‘small very small * Proportionally, system. are capable of entering the University of California QUEST 2 4 YAZIGI10.2, read the paragraph below and find out to what experts attribute the academic success of Asians, attribute the academic success of Asians 10 In his controversial study immigrants are accustomed 10 a more rigorous schedule; the Japanese, for instance, attend igh Asian income levels may account for above-| performance, since parents are able 10 their children 10 betier schools and give hem such home aids as learning-toys and ‘computers. Most Asian regard education as the Parents of Asian American children have a low education level. 1.90 Results of 10 tests among the Japanese are higher than among Americans. THE crecn Way AnOUYD > & >The American educational system is more rigorous than the Japanese educdtional system. ¥mge | S<———_—_— Parents of Asian American children can't afford the fees of better schools. Total of hours a year high school students stay in school: Japan: 1.800 USA: 1.440 Brazil: 720 ) QUEST 2 5 YAZIGINOTES YAZIGI 6 QUEST 2a BETWEEN THE LINES idea of each of the 7 paragraphs of the text. commercial activities in Antarctica [ 4 1. Roac the text THE KLONDIKE OF THE 1990s and choose from the list below the main par] to whom Antarctica belongs { _par.] energy exploration projects { par] land-based mineral wealth { par] off-shore resources [par] the 1991 Conference { par.) food resources [ _par.} The Klondike of the 1990s Antarctica has been discovered at least five times — by the Russians, Americans, Argentines, British, and French, for example. It belongs to no-one, everyone, Argentine, Chile, Australia, France and several other countries, depending on whether precedence is given to the papal Bulls of Pope Alexander VI in 1483, an Argentine decree of 1829, the Norwegian claim of 1931, a French decree of 1924 or many more. ‘At present countries are again establishing claims and forming diplomatic alliances with a view to 1991, ‘when the 1961 UN treaty governing the continent expires. At the centre of the debate, no longer seen as a diplomatic exercise, is who will get title to Antarctica’s mineral and marine wealth. The only significant commercial activity on the continent is tourism. Almost 1,000 people visit the region each year and 2,000 pass over in the commercial flights that have been operated by Qantas and ‘Air New Zealand since 1976. But this is nothing compared with the resource potencial of the continent, believed to hold large reserves of coal,” iron, manganese, diamonds, silver, gold, uranium and other vital minerals. One recent report said the coal deposits of the ‘Transantarctic Mountains may be the largest in the world, extending over about 100,000 square kilometres. More may be hidden by the ice pack. This land-based ‘mineral wealth remains a tempting vision, clouded by the lack of more detailed surveys and other problems. QUEST 2 Offshore resources — including oil, natural gas, manganese nodules and krill — present a more tempting target. The ‘oceans surrounding Antarctica are particularly violent, but this has not prevented governments and private ‘companies from conducting more ‘explorations in recent years. OF the oil majors, Texaco and Gulf Oil hhave been particularly active in the area. ‘The West German and Japanese governments are supporting various energy exploration projects. They see their claims in Antarctica as insurance against a new age of energy scarcity. Antarctica’s food resources are already being exploited. The seals and whales which attracted commercial explorers in the 19th century have since come under the protection of internacional regulations and quotas to prevent many species becoming extinct. But current agreements permit 192,000 seals to be taken each year, along with small numbers of Minkie ‘whales. Some scientists believe the region may hold enough fish and krill to feed a substantial portion of the worl population. Krill, a high-protein, shrimp- like creature, is being harvested in northern waters and marketed as a paste of as fishmeal. Chile, South Korea, Japan, Poland and others have developed special fleets and processing equipment for exploiting Antarctica’s krill. The UN report found 19 different species of fish with “potencial commercial importance” — an annual harvest of perhaps 90,000 tonnes, Another, less-studied food source could be Antarctica’s squid and octopus. YAZIGI2. Read the text again and answer the following questions. ‘To whom does Antarctica belong? . b. Several countries lay claim to Antarctica. On what are these claims based? ©. What will be the central theme of the 1991 Conference? d. What is the only significant commercial activity in Antarctica? e. Which of the minerals below are believed to exist in Antarctica? ago carvao chumbo manganés pluténio prata uranio f. Make a list of a) land-based miner Antarctica. g. What are West Germany and Japan interested in exploring in Antarctica and why? h, What has hindered the exploration of Antarctica’s natural resources? i, According to the text, “land-based mineral wealth remains a tempting vision” and “off-shore resources — including oil, natural gas, manganese nodules and krill — present a more tempting target’. Which natural resources have already been exploited in Antarctica? 3. Look for words in the text which have the same meaning of: acordos uta aliancas petroleo alimentar polvo alvo recursos baleias relatério camarao riqueza decreto seguranca foca YAZIGI 8 QUEST 24. The paragraphs below have been extracted from the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1962. Read both paragraphs carefully and find the information which does not completely match with the ones in the text The klondike's of the 1990s. MINERAL DEPOSITS — Numerous mineral species have been reported, but few have any intrinsic value. Certainly no deposit had been discovered up till 1954 that would justify exploitation. ‘The most striking known deposits occur in East Antarctica, where soft coal seams are known to extend over an area of many thousand square miles in Victoria Land. It seems likely that uranium, gold, iron, manganese and other important minerals are also present. In West Antarctica quartzpyrite veins occur in the South Shetland Islands: copper ores and lead and iron sulphides have been found, and petroleum may also be present. PRODUCTS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN — Since there are no land animals or flowering plants, the resources of the region are limited to the products of the sea. Fortunately for the reservation of the various species of penguins, which inhabit all zones of the region their blubber-coated skins do not possess a marketable value. The seals also, not being of the fur-bearing kind, are more or less immune from human exploitation except at South Georgia where between 1910 and the mid 1950s about 200,000 elephant seals were taken, an average of nearly 5,000 a year. ‘There remain the whales which in large numbers frequent antaretic seas to feed on the minute animals which in their turn ultimately depend for their food upon diatoms, the typical marine plants of the region, microscopic in size but so countless in number as to colour the sea ice. |. Find in the paragraph Mineral Deposits the words which express probability or possibility - the word which expresses certainty G. Find in the paragraph Products of the Southern Ocean . the word which can be replaced by because - the word through which the writer expresses a point of view QUEST 2 9 YAZIGI7. Look in the text for words or expressions which have the same meaning as: YAZIGI balei felizmente incontavel mithas quadradas mindsculo parece provavel por sua vez recursos valor comercial 10 QUEST 21. a. Anaiyse the ads below and find out what each one is advertising Which has the most fiber? bu Buy a Steinway for... PaO Let them talk Ere, Se The end of the misspelled... Buy a Steinway for half the price of a Steinway. olin don oe If you think you can’t afford a Steinway Piano, consider this. ‘While no Steinway is “‘inexpensive,” our verticals are less than half the price of our smallest grands. Yet every bit a whole Steinway. They are built by the same skilled hands that build our grands, with the same mate- rials and exclusive patented features. Furthermore, a Steinway vertical retains its value as well as a Steinway grand, should you decide to trade up later. ‘No matter what you pay for a Steinway, it sounds and performs like a Steinway. For literature about the Steinway, write to John H. Steinway, Dept. 37, 109 West 57th Street, New York, N.Y. 10019. STEINWAY & sons@® QUEST 2 W YAzIGIBrazilian experience for the third world. Bra, a country of ‘Amazon jungle or inthe arid (Gutierrez has alway satisfied workmen and the amount of continental dimensions, with Northeast, in lange urban the needs of thase who services accomplished is population that grew from centers orn places of feat contacts services, especially impressive: more than 8,000 3010 130 milion injust 40 acess; onthe coastal plains (in the Third World where the km of roadways and railroads, Years, quite rele the orin the unexplored ‘problems are similar to those 57,200 ha of irrigated land, problems and potentialities of hinterland, Andrade Gutierrez the compary has faced in its 32/989 m of tunnels, the Third World has accumblated experience activities in Brazil, in a 4.525.870 m3 of concrete, A great effort that tated in building roadways, Permanent search forthe 538,968,920 m3 of earthwork) | inthe nineteen fies has railroads, ports, airports, Gevelopment and the 6,358 m of subway, enabled Brazil to establish a _industral facilities, improvement of the quality of 34,530,000 m2 of pavement, 7 transportation infrastructure, hydroelectric and nuclear if ofits people. 7,070 MW on hydroelectric a large system of energy and power plants, irrigation ‘Nowadays, Andrade power plants, 62,000 tons of | food production, as well as systems, mining, oil driling, Gutierrez can offer its clients a _ industrial assembling and | modern industries which has cattle raising and agricultural solid structure built and 12,555 m of bridges and | placed its economy among the _ research projects, besides developed through its almost viaducts. | largest in the world expanding its agricultural 40 years of experience, it hires ‘Thus, Andrade Gutierrez ‘Andrade Gutierrez has frontiers. 20 thousand people, among —_has rendered services in Latin always been present in each ‘Asa result, Andrade engineers technicians and America and Africa with the | phase of this acelerated «ease of those wito know the development process, learning together with the Country to face and overcome challenges in all lds of engineering Whether working in the | swampy regions of the expectations, the language and the challenges of the Third World. YAZIGI 2 QUEST 2QUEST 2 ¢ WHAT'S IT AD(d) UP TO? a Bin oe or te fiescne th tcccu! toe ee Roepe pee pecurCr cert Bic rane celehse Sodol. Now wear my perfume. And let them talkWhich has the most fiber? Well give you a little Linens truit with the most fiber isnt a banana. Or an apple. Or an orange, a peach or a peat Its the humble priine. Which has more dietary fiber than almost any fruit— or any food—you canname. —) Xv youd have e eat four slices of Wise wheat bread. Or six peaches. Or three apples. Or almost two bowls of bran flakes. }.-» Be forcca 7 And prunes don'tjusthave fiber They're one of the richest sources of potassium, and a good source of Vitamin A. With no fat, no cholesterol, almost no sodium, and a delicious, one-of-a-kind taste. All of which makes prunes one of the most nutritious fruits you can buy. So if you're looking for a sweet way to get more fiber in your diet, try California prunes. Proof, once again, that good things come in small packages. eee Prunes The high fiber fruit. YAZIGI QUEST 2The end of the misspelled werd. Introducing the new Smith Corona typewriter with Spell-Right” It catches your mistake. Finds it. Erases it. Even helps you to spell it. Now, even if wrds, wrods, worrds or wo ords fail you, this {ypewriter wnt The new Smith ona with Spell-Right diction- ary Ithas an exclusive electronic correction system that actually detects mistakes before you do. Or better yet, before someone else does, Advanced, yes. But its simples... ‘Beep! You've just mis- spelled a werd. While you type, your spellingis constantly checked against a built-in electronic dic- tionary. Youre warned with a beep the instant you misspell or mis- type word. The Find feature zeros in fon the mistake anywhere on the line. And if you've made several mistakes, it will find them, too! WordEraser™ lifts the ‘whole word off. Just touch once for cone word. Twice for two. You can even type in the new word while it erases the old. QUEST 2 Spell-Right If even helps ‘you spell it. Think of it as our un- abridged electronic dictionary with 50,000 words, Plus you can program in up to 300 of your own words. Simply access the List feature to look up the correct spelling of a word. It will appear on the display. You'l find these futuristic features, too: Automatic Relocate, Auto Return, Auto Centering, ExpressBackspace, and Automatic Underline. ao lus Triple Pitch, Pro- grammable Margins and Tabs, and electronic end-of-page warning. Italso has an editable memory which stores letters and memos like a word processor. With optional Messenger module this Smith Corona even becomes 12 eps printer when you hook it up to your computer. ‘The best feature of all isthe price. This advanced portable isincredibly affordable. Which makes Spell-Right more than just 2 technological breakthrough, Itmakes Smith Corona "y thesmartest type- writer youcan buy. YAZIGIb. Which of the ads is addressed to Latin American and African countries. ©2011.1.9 0 PERKUM - liberal, modern women. - office managers. WRITER . Which of the ads - compare two products. - detail features of the product. - use an “educational” approach. Pau Ee S - use a symbol to sell the product. make reference to the cost of the product. ia VO, TY PEWRI NE d. For which companies can you write to in case you want to know more about the product they sell? Suite 2.2. Find in the ad Brazilian experience... and write in Portuguese - the services AG. is advertising. the services accomplished by AG. . Find in the same ad the parts which make reference to Brazil and discuss why these references are made. . Find in the ad the parts in which A.G. praises shea ~ YAZIGI 16 QUEST 2Find in the ad Which has the most fiber? if the ad is addressed to ~-teaders who are aware of the qualities of prunes. steaders who know what fibers are good for. + readers who are aware of the benefits of fibers in a diet. PLUM ~7 ameine, PRU YE ~D mumrer DCE b, Match the words in the left column With the words in the right column. a é& ies 4.2, Read the ad The end of the misspelled werd and list the features of the typewriter it advertises. b Is the SPELL-RIGHT II typewriter a solution to these problems? alll over the country ve 0 type the same QUEST 2 7 YAzIGIc. What do you think is the purpose of these features? Automatic Underline Auto Centering 5. which ad do you consider the most creative the most informative the most interesting the least attractive ‘the most appealing YAZIGI 18 QUEST 2BETWEEN THE LINES & 1. the first three paragraphs of the newspaper article below describe 3 different endings to the story reported in the article. Read the 3 endings and find out in the article which ending is the real one. Justice decides on the case of the ‘The case of the exchanged babies in Séo Joao, Cearé, has finally come to an end, Justice Plinio Vieira, after 3 years of involvement with the case, decided yesterday that the 2 baby-boys — Marcelo and Wilson — must re- ‘main in the possession of the couples to whom they were mistakenly given at the Sao Joao Public Hospital 3 Years ago. ‘An unprecedented decision was taken by Justice Plnio Vieira concern- ing the now famous case of the ex- changed babies at the Public Hospi- tal in the town of So Jodo, in the State of Cearé. Justice Plinio Vieira decided “after 3 years of dedication to the case"that the two 3-year-old boys — Marcelo and Wilson — must remain with the families that took them home from the Public Hospital 3 years ago until they grow to be 7 ‘years of ape and then decide by them- Selves whether they want to remain ‘with their present families or whether they want to be exchanged. ‘The final episode in the case of the ‘exchanged babies took place yesterday in the town of Si0 Joao, Ceard. Justice Plinio Vieira warned both fa- milies that if a solution is not reached by the end of the month, local authorities would take charge of the case and both couples would be ob- liged to accept the decisions taken, whatever they may be. Given the lack of alternatives, the Santos couple and the Ferreiras finally agreed to ex- change the two babies with the ‘guarantee that neither couple would 'be permitted to visit the other couple's child for at least 6 months. ‘The case began three years ago when the babies were given to wrong mothers at the So Joio Public Hospital shortly after their birth. Eduardo Ferreira 35, owner of the lo- cal hotel andlis wife, Stella, were at first surprised to note that their son ‘was dark-skinned and curly-haired ‘while both parents were blond. QUEST 2 Another woman gave birth at the same time. Ferreira explained away his initial surprise considering that few people in the region could cla- imnot tohave any dark-skinned ances- tors. Stella Ferreira anxiously recalled having had in her family two uncles ‘who were dark-skinned and a distant cousin who was in fact. black. Eduardo, however, continued to have flyin his bonnet, and after some in- vestigations discovered that another ‘woman, Aparecida dos Santos had given birth at the same hospital, at the same time as Stella, to @ baby boy. Moreover, both Aparecida and her hhusband Severino, 30, an agricultur- al labourer, are dark-skinned. Edu- ardo further discovered that the baby boy Aparecida took home with her was fair-haired and blue-eyed. Like Eduardo and Stella, Aparecida and Severino were also initially surprised to see their blond baby son and like Stella, Severino also remembered hav- ing ablond grandmother on his mo- ther’s side-a fact which he usedto account for the fairness of his son. Eduardo Ferreira, however, was not satisfied. He was convinced that an er- ror had taken place months that the ‘babies had been mistakenly given to the wrong mothers. Blood test. Six months later Edu- aardo took the case to court, and a ‘year later the local justice ordered @ ‘blood test of the two babies and their parents wich ascertained that Wilson dos Santos was really the son of Edu- ardo Ferreira. With the notorious slowness of the Judicial system, the case has been dragging on for the last three years and attempts to reach a solution satis- factory to both couples have ended in failure. Eduardo and Stella in their desire to have their natural son back, ‘without having to give up Marcelo — the baby they had brought up and exchanged babies cared for during the past three years — offered to look after both boys, given the poor economic background of Severino and Aparecida dos Santos. ‘Aparecida, however, showed ex treme reluctance in having to part with the baby boy she had brought up, in spite of the economic hardships that families in their situation are ac- customed to facing. any Anas Overjorel lo receive bload Wit son. Yesterday both couples met at the local Family Court to hand over the babies as arranged. Stella and Eduarddo Ferreira were ‘overjoyed to receive it their arms lit- tle fair-haired Wilson, who screamed bitterly on being taken from the arms of Aparecida dos Santos, Aparecida, on the other hand, was. visibly reluctant to receive with open arms litle Marcelo, and made visible efforts to control herself from break- ing down in tears as Wilson was taken from her arms. This baby is a stranger. “This isn’t the baby I breast fed and cared for, enjoying every smile, every mo- ment, every little noise for the past three years, This baby is a stranger to ‘me. But what else can I do? T tried everything to keep Wilson, but they say that itis this baby that is my son. May God give me the strength and courage to forget Wilson and to look after this baby. But how can one for- get a baby one has lived with and cared for from birth, for three whole years? Oh God, why did this have to hhappen to me?”, sobbed Aparecida dos Santos. Stella Ferreira appeared more radiant and optimistic: “I’m sure Wilson will adapt perfectly to his new home, his new brothers and his new toys. Every- ‘one has been waiting so long for this ‘moment, I can hardly believe that it hhas finally come true” YAZIGIComplexion “2? 7 Econor 20D uation PERICULT! Profession “ef Economic Lous situation Grandmother) o,i0| Complexion 8 ‘they were iven WiL%o istant cousin APARECIDA,© Se na EXCHANGED BABIES 3. suppose the article you've read was really published in today's newspaper. ! When did the events below occur? Auyoo asl. lo'| The local Justice ordered a blood test of the two babies and their parent. Sasi L)) Eduardo took the case to court apeday ‘The couples met at the local Family Court to hand over the babies. E ‘nies Geis The babies were given to the wrong mothers at the Sdo Jodo Public Hospital of the following satatements do you think reflect the argument which led to the exchanging of the babies? Give reasons. Ko GEMOTIONAL relationships are stronger then BLOOD relationships 9 GINHERITED qualities are more important than ACQUIRED qualities 9 EXTERNAL ‘factors such as socio-economic environment contribute more to the development of the individual than INTERNAL factors such as affection and emotional security.) 5. to whom — Aparecida dos Santos or Stella Ferreira — would you attribute the following statements? Give reasons. ‘©Now let's be rational about the whole thing’. @"Idon't give @ damn. You leave my baby alone. That's all | ask:” @"The baby has a bright future ahead of him. In a few months he'll have forgotten everything” G..2.What is the equivalent in Portuguese of the following expressions from the text: ee} aan b. Note how the word SKIN is transformed into an adjective. i She hgs-dark skin. ‘ She's a dark-skinned girl Rewrite the phrases below: oe ams Sangpel rman. - I've never seen a man with one leg. | saw him wth agi with green eyes. oop any rh Sk ae ( My brother has 2 daughters: one has curly hair and the other has straight hair, Most Brazilians have olive skin islet |: cnn a > ody ratorh QUEST 2 2 YAZIGI€. Divide the words below into 3 groups. curly: wavy: réd-haired:White) —_ pode lve skinted; Brownhaved: tairhalred: {uzz¥? black; derkeskinned: Blond) li ed; Straight d Describe the personalities below in terms of the color of their skin and the color and.type of their hair. ; Michael Jackson ; Rod Stewart t Caetano Veloso Pelé Sécrates Margaret Thatcher Sonia Braga 7. 2.As the story reported in the text you've read took place in Brazil, most of the words are used to refer to things which exist within a Brazilian context. What would be the equivalent in Portuguese of the words below? little town (of So Joao)... (S80 Joao) Public Hospital... (Severino) an agricultural labourer. (Geraldo took the case to) court. Justice (Plinio Vieira warned...) (both couples met at the local) Family Court.. ». If you needed to express in English an idea which required the use of the words below, how would you do it and what would you say? sitio trombadinha s feira livre novela zelador quarto de.empregada vestibular “dar um jeitinho”” carteira de trabalho c. Now, in English, talk or write about one of the topics below. Imagine you're talking or writing to a foreigner who knows nothing about Brazil and who's very much interested in learning something about it. Be sure to use no words in Portuguese, except for proper names. * Brazilian Staple Diet * Brazilian Carnival ‘* Modern Popular Brazilian Music * Popular local pastime * Popular local festivals YAZIGI QUEST 2Portuguese. a. on the other hand =» = ‘a.Match the expressions in English (extracted from the text) with their equivalents in (2) dar a luz b to hand over “AA eter c. shortly afte L. Bigh shares d. to exchange Z_ 41%) mais tarde @. further = (0) entregar f. to give up (X) cuidar 4 g. at first “8(L) trocar i strength (4) desiate z to give birth to (4) iniciaimente j. to ascertai 45) forca é k. to look after “(at por outro lado I to breastfeed “el )) provar m.to bring up 7 (1) amamentar ni. to break down ‘#(<) logo apés b. Complete the sentences below with words from the list above. Be sure to use the appropriate form. * Powdered milk should only be used by women who can't, for medical reasons, asia thelr babies. * I's very easy to take to smoking. is however, is quite another story. * | wonder what made Beto become such a crook! He family, 1) 2k feXapt * It's a duty of the State 1s L-oa.u abandoned children. * Since the store refused 2: 2: 0+ the broken toaster they sold me, I've decided to ‘come here and complain about it. ‘* [heard of a woman who, after undergoing a fertility treatment, uit Jnl) seven babies! : el + Iwas forced de loci osstiall my personal documents to the thieves. 9. Look in the text for words used to introduce opposing or contrasting ideas. 2 a|@ QUEST 2 2B YAZIGI10 write a letter tothe newspaper that published the article Justice Decides... giving your opi- nion on the case. Include in your letter as many items from the letter below as you find necessary. 111... Read the story below and find out (without using a dictionary) the meaning of SURROGATE MOTHER YAZIGI 24 QUEST 2The Saddest Epidemic JR Sst ana Diana Barger of Virginia could bea textbook ‘case ofan infertile couple. Diana’s fallopian tubes and left ‘ovary are blocked with sear tissue, ironically the result of an intrauterine device (LU.D.) she used for three years. Even fan ‘cag did manage to become fertilized, the embryo might be re- jected by her uterus, which has been deformed since birth, ‘Richard has his own difficulties: his sperm count is 6.7 million per milliliter, considerably below the number ordinarily re- Quired for fertilization under normal conditions, Says Diana: “Inever thought getting pregnant would be so difficult.” ‘The Bargers are victims of what Reproductive Endocri- nologist Martin Quigley of the Cleveland Clinic calls “an ‘epidemic” of infertility in the US. In the past 20 years, the incidence of barrenness has nearly tripled, so that today one in six American couples is designated as infertile, the scien- tific term for those who have tfied to conceive for a year or ‘more without success. More thag a million of these desperate ‘couples seek the help of doctors and clinics every year. Women no longer carry the sole blame for childless mar- riages. Research has found that male deficiencies are the ‘cause 40% of the time, and problems with both members of the marriage account for 20% of reported cases of infertility. Doctors place much of the blame for the epidemic on ib- A Surrogate’s Story Jessica is a New Jersey mother of two boys, age two and three. Her husband works as a truck driver, and money is, tight. The family of four is living with her mother while they save for an apartament of their own. One day last March, Jessica, 23, who prefers to remain anonymous, saw the fol” lowing advertisement in a local New Jersey paper: Surroga- te mother wanted. Couple unable to have child willing to ‘pay $ 10.000 fee and expenses to woman to carry husband's child, Conception by artificial insemination. All replies strictly confidential. ‘The advertisement made Jessica stop and think. “I had very ‘easy pregnancies? she says, “and I didn't think it would be problem for me to carry another child, I figured maybe 1 could help someone” And then there was the lure of the $ 10,000 fee. “The money could help pay for my children's, education’ she says, “or just generally to make their lives better” ‘The next day Jessica went for a intetview at the Infertility Center of New York, a pioneer in the controversial business of matching surrogate mothers with infertile parents. She was asked to fill out a five-page application, detailing her medical history and reasons for applying. Jessica's application and her color photograph were added to 300 others kept in scrapbooks for prospective parents to peruse. Jessica was amazed when only a week later her ap- plication was selected, and she was asked to return to the ‘agency to meet the couple. Like most people who find their way to surrogate agencies, ‘Paul” and “Jean” (not their real names) had undergone years of treatment for infertility. Paul, 36, a Yale educated lawyer, and his advertising-executive wife, 30, had planned to have children soon afier marrying in 1980. But after three years of tests, it became painfully clear that there was little hope of having the child they longed for. ‘They considered adoption, but were discouraged by the wai- ‘eralized sexual attitudes, which in women have led to an in- © creasing occurrence of genital infections known collectively | ‘ss pelvic inflammatory disease. Such infections scar the deli- cate tissue of the fallopian tubes, ovaries and uterus. Hilf of ‘these cases result from chlamydia, a common venereal dis- | ‘e280, and 25% stem from gonorrhea. 4 ‘Other attitudes are also at fault: by postponing childbirth | ‘until their mid- or even late 30s, women risk a barren future. | A Yale University study of 40 childless women found thataf- | ‘er 35 years of age, the time it takes to conceive lengthens | from an average ofsix months to more than two years." | Other surveys have found that such athletic women as | distance runners, dancers and joggers can suffer temporary | infertility. The reason is that their body fat sometimes be- | comes 100 low for the production of the critical hormone es- | ‘trogen. Stress can also suppress ovulation; women executives | often miss two or three consecutive menstrual periods. Infertility iscasier to trace in men, but often much harder | totreat. The commonest problems ar¢ low sperm countsand | blocked sperm ducts. Amongall men, 15% have varicose veins | ‘onthe left testicle, which can reduce sperm production, Cer- | tain drugs and chemicals such as insecticides can also lower ‘sperm counts. A man's fecundity also decreases with age, al- though not with the dramatic finality of female menopause. | Happily, the source of infertility in couples can be diagnosed | ‘95% ofthe time, and half ofall these cases can be tteated. ting lists at American agencies and the expense and complexity of foreign adoptions. Then, to Paul's surprise, Jean suggested that they try a surrogate. ‘Their first choice from the Man- hattan agency failed her man- datory psychological test,which found her to be too emotionally unstable. Jessica, who was aul and Jean’s second choice, passed without a hitch, At first, Jessica's husband had some reservations about the arrangement, but, she says, he ultimately supported it 100%”. Jessica is not concerned about what her neighbors might think because the family is planning to move after the birth. Nor does she believe that her children. willbe trou- bled by the arrangement because, she says, they are 100 young to understand. For their part, Paul and Jean have agreed to pay Jessica $10,000 to be kept im an escrow account until the child is in their legal custody. In addition, they have paid an agency fee of § 7,500 and are responsible for up to $4,000 in doc- tors’ fees, lab tests, legal costs, maternity clothes and other ‘expenses. In April, Jessica became pregnant after just one insemination with Paul's sperm. Jean says she was speechless with joy when she heard the news. Relationships between surrogate mothers and their employ- cers vary widely. ‘Not all surrogate arrangements work well. Some women re- fused to give up the child they carried for nine months.Jes- ica, whose pregnancy is just beginning to show, says she is “Conditioning” herself not to become too attached to the baby. “It is not my husband's child” she says, “so I don't hhave the feeling behind it as if it were ours” She does not plan to see the infant after it is born, but, she admits, “I ‘might like to see a picture once in a while” QUEST 2 2s YAZIGIb. _* What information does the text give about Jessice’s family? ‘+ What led Jessica to become a surrogate mother? ‘+ What information does the text give about Paul and Jean? ‘* Why did Paul and Jean decide to look for a surrogate mother? + How much money did Paul and Jean spend in order to have a child? YAZIGI 26 QUEST 2$$ rere toe tines “4 1. Find out the meaning of each of the verbs below and them divide them into 3 grou Choose 3 pairs of opposite words and 2 pairs of synonymous words from the list above. 2 QUEST 2 2 YAZIGIQZ. ead the first part of the text SHARING PROFITS AND LOSSES and find out what * Martin Weitzmar’s main proposition is and how he proposes to implement it. Ly w worrpo oF 3. Read the text carefully and find out a. the disadvantages of fixed wages * during a period of recession “good times” b. the advantages of a share system during a recession and in good times. .. 00k for words of expressions in the text which have the same meaning of salério WAGES ,paY barreira Banri® domitirnifine , Ly OFF peso WEIGHT \ empregados cu pLoyers dispostos a WILLING +9 FrtL Li cair 8 FAL To DOT empregar 1M ip vendas 3x5 compartihar +5 5 ¥!""> carga 9uape) empregador = wore PROrAT YAZIGI 28 QUEST 2ee 6 ate 5. ating in the text the equivalent of the words in Portuguese: ‘Consequentemente, unemployment rises even as wages go up, and inflation persists If workers agreed to accept a share of the company’s revenues or profits as compensation, no lugar de set_wages, that money would be divided among all employees. Ao invés disso, a often choose to cut production and lay off employees. {Em troca da job security offered by this system, workers might be willing to take the pay cuts involved. -+ A od b. Complete the sentences below. Carlos criticizes everything he's not involved with. Inst We hope the new assembly machine will work faster and more efficiently, thus__ Fabio was promoted Assistant to the Presidency in exchange for. ‘As guarantee for his loan, Paulo mortgaged his car in lieu of. 6.2.11, in the company you work for, you were offered a share system as presented by Weitzman's theory, would you accept it? What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a system for Brazilian employers and employees? If the company you work for decides to adopt the share system and allowed individual employees to choose whether or not to accept it, what kind of employees would accept it and what kind of employees would refuse it? QUEST 2 29 YAZIGIRead the continuation of the text SHARING PROFITS AND LOSSES and guess the meaning of the words, drawbacks ©) seniority earning income 8. with which of the drawbacks mentioned ebove do you agree? 9. Make some changes in Weitzmarts original plan to make it more advantageous. 10.01 the end of the toxt SHARING PROFITS ‘example(s) mentioned by We AND LOSSES and discuss whether the zman can be applied to Brazil. uss 580, oie Ford eu alternative fered ut 3 Here is a 1» Weitzman cites JP 4 share “Weitzman: as Pres in many. wuld guarantet © Syscem cam WOK TE hall of + comani SOU Sates, Sopnce corporis ye memes thal ould PS Worker's BAY SOT: id 0 share of rofits S456 ygq form OF as profits 3 eqenues More iaay offer Mn Te COUNTY ae US companies Ong ‘unemployment TE ve rare. 18 Timited prot sme eceive DEEPA Tay-offs are rate 5 employees rl they leave (NE ation, the JDANESS TO trive " the money ntl 8 to wor of al Some Fm have ity oe company Gy and F fox cul Sed 0 y started 10 BNE CE ESNGM last helt Boy's fortunes ; ivshaing HEHE Oe a YAZIGI 30 QUEST 211.70 what can conflicts between employer and employees be attributed nowadays? greed professionalism cost of living promotion policy working conditions job security labor unions salary policy 12...choose from the list below those items which, in your opinion, reflect the characteristics of a) an ideal employer b) an ideal employee just ambitious honest / stingy condescending g sycophantic apSiuronsare persistent irresponsible careless yho 0 dynamic bold 2 conformist efficient discreet. \ altruistic gent Ui. bad polite understanding hardworking optimistic. _smart loyal greedy ons subservient considerate dedicated accessible b.Choose 2 words from the list above to qualify most employers nowadays and 2 to qualify most employees. Be sure to justify your choices. 13..a.Read the definitions below and match each one of them with the words a. politician b. bureaucrat —_. technocrat Up] an official of bureaucracy. [<4 one who is actively involved in politics, esp. party politics. [14 2 politician or an official who offers technical andior rational solutions to all —7 problems without considering their human and social implications. 9. {21 official who works in a bureau or government department, esp one who obeys the FJ ules of his department without exercising much judgement. 51] any official who insists on rigid adherence to rules, forms and routines. ©.] one skilled or experienced in the science or administration of government. OL10,] one who is interested in personal or partisan gain and other selfish interest. QUEST 2 3 YAZIGIb.With which of the definitions of bureaucrat, technocrat and politician above do you agree most? Give reasons for your choice. 14. a.wnich of the agjectives below would you use to quality Brazilian bureaucrats? nt : prepatent yn oz rude b.What leads people want to become a bureaucrat and/or a civil servant? stability « little work good salaries « fringe benefits social work altruism aptitude ai) y promotions bonuses 15 read the INTERVIEW WITH A BUREAUCRAT and find out + how bureaucrats keep their jobs + what bureaucrats want most. YAZIGI 32 QUEST 2AN INTERVIEW WITH A BUREAUCRAT fe QUEST 2 —— barrel of a gun? You don't have that sort of power? _) mi Q. What is your job? A. Lam Assistant to the Chief of Admi Q. What does your Chief administer? A. Me. Q. See. How do you spend most of your time? {A Holding onto my Job, sazysnm > Q. What do you do to hold on to your job? A. Tsay “*No.”” Q. Say “No” to what? - To everything. Why? . Because if I said “*Yes,”" 1 would lose my job. Can you explain that? . It’s obvious. If people were free to buy and sell goods, to travel, to raise their children the way they want and so on, there would be no need for birth certificates, death certificates, travel documents, import and export licenses and all the paper in which people are wrapped from birth to death. And then where would we bureaucrats be? We would all be out of work! Q. When people apply for a permit or license for something they want to do and you turn them down, how do you say “‘No”? ‘A. A good bureaucrat never uses the word “No” to say “No.” He says: ‘The matter is under consideration.”” Q. Which means that it is under a pi A. Right. Or he says, “Your apy appropriate action. Q. Which means that it has been thrown in the trash basket? A. Not immediately. It lies in the Jn Tray until its edges turn yellow with age. Then it is tossed in the trash basket. Q. How do bureaucrats think? ‘A. We don't. We have no thoughts, We have substitutes for thought. Q. Like what? ‘A. We prefer circumlocutions to plain language. We say, “‘At this moment in time”” ‘when we mean “now”. We are never “scared stiff”, as other people often are; we “view with alarm’*. We never ‘think,’ we give “due attention’’. Bureaucrats are different from other people. They don't “die in street accidents, for example; they “succumb to their injuries’’. \ | Q. How do bureaucrats manage to escape being beaten to death by infuriated people? A. That's easy. We distance ourselves from the public by putting our offices in imposing tasteless buildings that make people feel like Pygmies. We have doorkeepers in uniform to make people who come into our buildings feel that they are thieves and trespassers. We have appointments secretaries, secretaries and personal assistants, all ‘of whom are there to ask people to state their business even though it is none of their business. We take three-hour lunches and leave at $ o'clock. Q. Don’t people complain to the politicians and the press? A. Of course. All the time. But no one can be held responsible. Someone else is always to blame, but that someone has no face and no name. That Someone is called the system" oy Q: What is it that really makes a bureaucratic heart tick? a A. Power. Q. What power? Political power? Financial power? The power that comes out of the ration. POoPoP of papers? tion has been referred to the relevant department for ‘A. That is what we want the politicians, the financial mogiils and the generals to think. But they can do nothing without us. We “suggest”, we write “position papers" and Jet them imagine they have made the decisions. Then when they make their pronouncements we “implement” things the way we want. Q.Is that why the world is in such a mess? A. On the contrary, that is why it has survived this long. Bureauerats give the world stability Q You mean that bureaucrats keep things from moving forward? ‘A. Yes. Motion is dangerous. We keep things static. Q How do bureaucrats enjoy themselves? A. By controlling litle people. We have power over them, the power to make them stand in line, to make them sweat a little waiting for the mail, to hold up their daily lives. Q And, of course, the power to say No? ‘A. And always the power to say No. 33 YAZIGI16 .2.Read the sentences below ‘4. What do you do to hold on to your job? Tsay “No”, ‘= all the paper in which people are wrapped from birth to death. = We would all be out of work. down, how do you say “No"? © Don't people complain to the politicians and the press? £. How do bureaucrats manage to escape being beaten to death by infuriated people? 4B «. Someone else is always to blame, but that someone has no face and no name. b. Match the words in bold above with their equivalents in Portuguese: (C | estar desempregado 1%) culpar {Li reclamar cor-flain LZ Jespancar [A recusar + Liembruther cu manter >> ap . Find in the interview the equivalent words in English for: confusio mex porteiros hoo heoysy pecalanae aoe! imprensa. 3. pitha transgressores 20M LN grandes empresarios Sync oo¥ eo © one 2, mtestado de bit lio co) agen eS fila DL YAZIGI 34 When people apply for a permit or licence for something they want to do and you turn them costo de tixo Jina Yoo Quest 20, & 908) wit Ne QUEST 2 BETWEEN THE LINES ANMiy Pf Life rises Lena, her employers admitted, Ipoked awful She had two long yellow teeth] the middle of het ‘mouth, and no other teeth at al; the rest of her face was shrunken and wrinkled. Her eyes were> ® bloodshot, her hai nas thin; painfully she had dragged her peppercorns into a series of tiny fop- nou, bound together by sips of cloth, She wore her misuests cast-off clothes, but even when She was given adres in resonable condition it looked bedragled and old-fashioned immediately She put ton. Paty ths was because Lena was 0 much smaller than her mistes, though Annette, Capon was not herself a large woman, so chat the dresses all trailed about Lena's ankles, with an ‘odd misionary look. Seeing Lena one might have expected the worst: slovenliness and illiteracy, terrilig; dabonary, and daifdesinest elalagage cee Th fac you found nothing ofthe kind. Lena SpoKé a good Eoglish and wrote a lear hand; she was punctal, she was honest, she was lojl,she was clean. She never complained: she laughed often, showing her two tecth; and she was devoted to litle Adam. the Capons’ three-year-old son, ‘Where, how, hed Len leamed her honest. punctuality and loyalty, her cheerfulness and ceanlnes? > Temas impossible cosa. Her qualities, her vires, semed tbe simply there — in het, pat of her like er teeth ox her har or the tiny ted eine in he eyes. She had nt known her father at alr her mother bad been a washerwoman, who had gone in cwery week with bundles ofclean washing to the white suburbs of Johannesburg, and had brought back diy bundles to be boiled on the ove and hand-presed inthe single oom which was shared by Lena, het mother, her ser, het tune and a fer uncle. Lena had gone for afew years toa school run by a mission but the school hha been so cmded that tok in batches of children for onl thee hours a day. The rest of che time Lena had just wandered about the dusty steers of the ‘location’ As soon as she had been tld enough, she had begun to help her mother with the washing, in addition co attending the School, Thea her mother had died of TB, and her aunt had lef the location with ‘another man Tena had been fourteen, then-she thought, but she was’ sue; her sister had been year younger. {As for het ster ‘Soon’ Lena had told the Capons, in he plaintive creaking voice, ‘she died also from having a baby: Lena herself had been more fortunate; she had managed to get taken on as {domestic Servant with a white family almost immediately aftr the death of het mother, and 4 domes servant she had remained Cre inc, forthe las forty yeas» P26 20°" ‘During that time she had had positions with innumerable families; she had also had three chil dren by three diferent men. She now knew the whereabouts of che two surviving children, but of none ofthe men. She was, she announced gladly tothe Capon, too old to get matted now {ena had no bal loyalties (he didnot even know to which tbe her father had belonged); she had no religous beliefs; she had never been legally masied; her ‘papers’ were in a state of chronic ‘Giordenand though she had been bom in Johannesburg she was convinced that she as liable > {pinsantdeporeaton if she were ever aught by a policeman or clerk in the Native Afi Depart ‘ment sengeful or conscientious enough to follow up her case, {> 365 © gua * She had been with the Capons for four years ever since she had beén brought to Annette Capon’ = by another servant in the block of flats who had known that Annette was looking for a ‘git! An- nette, who was working in town during the day, had been desperate for someone to look after the flat; and had taken Lena on 25a stop-gap merely until she found someone more presentable But that day had never come. The Capons had been glad to keep her on. They gave her clothes to wear, newspapers to fead, and a wage larger than that earned by most of the other ‘girls’ who ‘worked in the same block of flats. Lena's employers respected her; they were amused by her; they trate het And Lena rusted them. She had 2 god job with ood baa and “eed miss; she was content. ‘Every motning she came down from the servant’s dormitory on the top floor ofthe block, made coffee, and broughtsit into the Capons’ bedtoom, cogether with che newspaper. Then she went into the next room and dressed Adam; while the Capons drank their coe and dressed, and as leslie Capon glanced at che paper's headlines, they heard Lena and Adam talking and laughing next doot. Often Lena sang to Adam, garbled nursery rhymes or hit-unes, and Adam sometimes joined in. Their voices both sounded pure — che one pure with youth, the other with age. When ‘Adam tan into his parents’ room, Lena went back into the kitchen and made the porridge, and fried the eggs. After breakfast, Leslie Capon went off to work. Annette stayed a litle longer, be- fore taking Adam to the nursery school and going on co her own work. For the next few hours Lena washed dishes, made the beds, prepared lunch for herself and Adam, pecled vegetables for dinner, sometimes she went shopping, presenting ro the grocer and butcher the lists which An- rette wrote out for her. She talked o the other ‘girls’ in the block of flas, and to the ‘boys! who polished the floors and the bathroom in each of the flats, and the corridors outside. At ewelve Selock she went to fetch Adam from his aursery.school, and she and the litle white boy walked home together, through the sunlit streets, Lena carrying Adam's tiny school-sachel. Their lunch they ate ig the kitchen, Lena usually had her own mess of rice and “soup meat’ cooking on the Store, and’ Adam ate the food which his mother had put out for him. Soon Annette Capon came ‘back from town (she had a mornimgs-only job).and then unless there was something she particulat- ly wanted Lena to do, Lena took a couple of hours ‘off. Later in the afternoon she helped Annette 38 ‘ate, ‘Ye yAzIG!PIAS YAZIGI Teo rlgee ogee with making dinner, or did the washing and ironing; she served dite and te her own meal ‘mong the urmashed pots and plates in the kitchen. She had a spegial white overall and cap which she put on ro serve the dinner; this was the smartest of her outits, and hid most of the tailing xarments she wore underneath, After washing up, she lefe the flat quietly, to go upstairs to her dormitory. She walked up the six flights, because she was nervous of the lift. On alternate Sundays she took a whole day off to visit her daughter in Alexandra Township: and she had twice gone down with the Capons to the sea, when they had taken their holidays. ‘Then Lena fell ill — or rather, the Capons found out that she had been ill for some time. She hnad been feeling dizzy in the mornings; she had funny feclings in her chest and arms; sometimes ‘te had difficulty in breathing. TheCaponshad found out about it only when Lena fell down in the kktchen one morning: they heard a craskaf crockery, and when Annecte Capon rushed into the room she found Lena trying to get up frorh the floor, but unable to do so. Pieces of plates lay ‘on the floor around her, together with slies of bread that she had heen about to putin the taster. “Lena!Whav's the matter?” rast? Desh 3 The eras mouth pened and cl for g momen Bef the plied jn anhispe ‘Madam’ “Have you hurt yourself?” > ow Again Lena tied to speak. On her second attempt she managed cos) Sorry, Madam ‘Annette was in her dressing-gown; her blonde hair was in disorder, and on her lips there was some pale lipstick which she had not washed off before going to bed the previous night. She scemed very quick and firm, plump and young, next to Lena, as she helped the old woman to her fect. Lena stood against the sink, her head hanging over it. Her ears were filled with sound; the white sink seemed to jump with every beat of her hear, though she could felts hardness and coldness, aif from a distance, between her fingers. So far s she was conscious of anything, Lena was ashamed — ashamed of having been found on the floor, of the dishes she had broken, even of the way she was feeling. ‘I's nothing, madam: she suid, ‘ie comes like this sometimes’ “Like wha?” “Tike funny’ Leng said eventually “Lena, ate you sick? How long have you been sick?" “1 don't know, madam. “Why didn't you tell me? We must call the doctor! Annette coulda’ help wondering whether ‘Lena’ ilness was infectious she also wondered what she would do about fetching Adam from aus ery school. Yer her concern was genuine. No, madam, it is nothing’ Slowly Annie took her amsway fom Lena's shoulder she stared doubeflly at Lena's beat back. ‘Do you want to lie down’ No, madam, | will Be all right in 2 minute? Cores tones “Annet fled alse of water and held ico Lena's ip ‘Drink this i'l make you fel beter! Lena took two sips at the water. Suddenly she clutched hard at the sink; she would have fallen again if Annette had not taken hold of het. Annette staggered as she Jed Lena to chai, surprised by the sudden dead weight of her, though she was so small. Leaving Lena sitting atthe table, An- cite rn through t ask het husband to go and fetch Dr. Kantnes, who lve in one ofthe flats fon the same floor, De Kantner came in with/his shir nedly buttoned, his chin freshly shaved, but with slippers om his fect and no tie around his collar. He examined Lena carefully in Annette’s presence, undo- ing without distaste the various layers of blouse and vest which Lena wore under her dres. The ‘examination abashed Lena are, especially as she was fecling better again; but she answered the doctor's questions as well as she could. When he had finished his examination, the doctor went into the next room and told Annette and Leslie Capon that he didn’t like the look of it ~het heartbeat was not what it should be, her blood-pressure was high, she would have to rest. He suspected that she would have to rest for a long time, he added. He would have another look at het later, when he could better spare the time: in the meantime, she must go back to bed. Then > hhe went back into the kitchen and said jovally and loudly, “You're a naughty-fil, Lena. You've ‘got no business upset everyone like this. From now on you mus look after yourself, do you hea” "Yes, master; Lena said in complete, subdued acquiescence. She was ashamed of having upset everyone; she felt particularly guilty when she saw the doctor’ felt slippers on his feet. —> © * "The Capoos were left sang at cach othet, There was no breakfast, the Eicon Was io mcs, ‘Adam was shouting from his bedroom, Leslie would be lae for work, and Annette would have to get off early to fetch Adam from his nursery school. And what would they do tomatrow? And the day after? ‘When they went into che kitchen, chey found that Lena had swept up the broken crockery, and ‘was now, with trembling hands, eying to lay the table for breakiast. “No, you must come with sme!” Annexte shouted ctosly, upset by the confusion of the morning, and by the pity she fle at Seeing Lena attempting to cary on with her work, She led Lena out of che fat, snd went with hae in the lift tothe top floor. The servants’ dormitory was ight on the roof ofthe building, and they had to climb up a flight of steps afer the lift had gone as far as it could. On the fat roof, in the open, there were numbers of washing-lines, a couple of galvanized iron presturc-.anks, the 36 779 70 CLUTCH D4 EJan, anernen Hoy QUEST 2YAZIGI as > Ptbnoe 7 Bauwaue tae ts eta yas Wt Jat de ask oe tae POE, SES Wh 4 single window of fosted glass let in atthe end bf each, One room was for the ‘boys the other forthe ‘girs, Inside the ‘girs’ room, the beds stgod in two rows, with a passageway becween the roms, and about rwo feet of fee space fo the sidespf each bed. Though it was a bright day outside, ‘ver litle light came in dhrough the window. A naked balb was burning in the migale ofthe room, and its fs showed up the grey patched blankets on the beds, and the tin és which gleamed — from under some of them. The room smelled faintly but distinctly of food and sweat Here Annette left Lena, and here Lena remained for a week, getting up only to go to the wom en's lavatory at the other end of the roof. Once a day Annette came up to visit her, though she hhated the room, and was embarrassed when any of the other Aftican ‘girls’ who happened to be off-duty were sitting or lying there; and though Annette hated, too, the sight of Lena lying in hhet bed, like a dack shred of illness and pain, only her yellow teeth and her sunken eyes reflecting any light, Annette fele guilty about her own repugnances; Lena, for her par, felt guilty for her illness and idleness, whenever het mistress was with her. Bue when Annette was noc chere Lena o>, Tay in a severe, only halé-aware of what was around her; she had vivid dreams sometimes, and called out in her sleep. She was not afraid of death; but she was fightened of losing her job. “The doctor examined her Several times, and told the Capons firmly that Lena should not go ~ back to work — not fora couple of months a least if she did, he would not be responsible for het. When Annette broke the news to her, Lena wept, forthe first vime since she ad come to vwotk for the Capons. She made no sound, but her head shook from side to side on her tcking- soveted pillos, and the teus ran down the sides of her drawn black cheeks. Annette promised ‘Lena that she would let her have the jab again as soon as she was beter. "You can find me another “itl ot your daughter can, and you can explain to her that she can have the job only while you're 0 © one’ But Lena ctied chat she was quite well again, that she could work for che missus if only the fisus would leche." IF go, che missus wil forget me’ Lena cried. "Let me do my work, madam ‘had how will be without woo Where wal despa? ©” “We'll give you a lite money, and you can stay with your ect y Bowe Lena's Gaughter waa plompyly young woof cu lighterskjaned'aad mych more smanly ‘dressed than her mother. She came to fetcti Lena after a message had been sent to her through tone of thé other’ who worked in he block; she came ints, which Lele Capon bad agreed to pay fr, and she brought with her the gil who was to cake Lena's place - a very young, clean biel, wearing a pinafore dress, like a school gym tunic, and a black beréton her head. This gis, same was Frances, and she had a cay, humble voice, and downcast eyes. Lena was helped out of the dormitory, and the new gic! moved in with her tin trunk and blanket rol. “The madam will forget me; Lena said, without teas now, 25 she was being helped into the taxi; but Annette assured het that she would do no such thing. Though the day was bright and warm, Lena was wearing hee coat, and she held is lapel oer her mouth, asf she were suffering from toothache. She looked very old, even older chan she had before her illness. Annee had given her a few pounds, and told her to send a message through her daughter if she needed more. Then the taxi — an enor sous, detepit, black Buick, with a sign African Taxt: Non-Europeans Only abore the number- plate — drove off. Lena was sitting on the back seat, but as ie drove off Annette could not see Lena's head through the rear window, 00) ‘A weck later, Lena appeaed a dhe door ofthe fat. "You shouldn't be here! Annee sgolded he, though she was pleased to see her. "How are you, Lena?” "Very well, madam’ She did scem mich berter; she spoke mote firmly, and she clapped her hands with delight when she saw Adam, ‘Lcee master, how big you grow!” she cried out. She had come to ask fr her job. “Tan live with that gil’ she told. Annette — ‘that gil’ being her daughter'She complains 10 se, whatever I do, madam. I take up too much space. | at too much food. I make work for het. ‘And her husband, he is even wore. He took my money, madamche money that che madam gave ime. And he teaches the children to be cheeky to me. Please, madam, please take me back. The ‘madam will ce that can still do all the wotk. I can’t go back to that place’ “Annette was distessed — not only to hear Lena's tale, but to have the whole problem of Lena's life dust upon her once again. She pleaded with Lena to go back: she told her hat she would speak o Lena's daughter and tel ber to be kind to her mother; she asked Lena if she didn’t know of some other woman with whom she could sa. ‘Every woman will wane roo much money, madam, and I have no money! “But we can give you some” "Not enough, madam. How can the madam pay for me to live with another woman, and t0 buy my food, when madam is already paying for one gil here?” “Annette had ao answer:what Lena had just said had been worrying Annette and her husband too. The Capons only just managed to come out each month: they coulda afford to pay indefinitely for two servants, one of whom did no wotk But it will be for only a few weeks, Lena’ ‘Lena shook her head. ‘And ifa che end the doctor says Lam sill not strong enough to work? How can the madam sill pay or me? Then all can do is o look for work with another missus, who does not know that I'm sick’ Lena had been siting forward over the kitchen table; she leaned back, as ifto show herself ro Annete’Madam can see that I'm geting sick and old, bur she can sce also that I must sil live? 37 oud eee oy ao) QUEST 2Ww & on apenion Annette frowned. ‘No! she said. ‘I can't take on the responsibility. Well help you, Lena, for the next few wecks, we'll give you money, and then the doctor will look at you again: “And then, madam?” i “Then well see! Tena went back to her daughter: the new girl, Frances, stayed on in che flat and continued to do the wotk that Lena had done. At the end of six weeks Lena came back to the flat, and the doctor examined her again. His report was discouraging. She was becter than she had been; but she was far from well. She should still be resting in bed, nor thinking of starting work again, On the other hand, she was not really sick enough to be given 2 bed in one of the African hospitals, which were all impossibly crowded, and which had to use their beds for those who Fequited con singos atenton «no those who rel needed ore a sined hear ‘Tes ough. the dost — said as he packed his bag; and asa fiend he added, “But you cant let yourself get to0 involved, you know. And I suppose she'll be able to draw some kind of sickness benefit — I'll write out anything she needs for that, if she applies? Then he went out; and the Capons were again lef with their problem, “You know what her benefit would be, more oles? Capon sad to his wife. ‘About five shillings a week, Sixty pennies. Think of that’ Annette said, "Besides shed never goto claim it. She wouldn't go ness any Government office, you can bet! ae "She'll take another job, that's what she'll do. *, "Yes! 2 donee SO jmolabiob What were they to do? The Capons were decent people, who conscientiously voted for the most liberal candidate at cletions, and who talked, frequently, of getting out of South Aftica altogether, the whole racial set-up was so distasteful to them. Not that their getting out would help people lite Lena Poor bloody tena, What could they do wth her They couldn ay for her aplacpin-> definitely they jus coulda afford. And as log as Anncte worked (and it was oly beste ‘Annette worked tha they wete able vo come out each month, they had to have a seman and <¢-one they culd.sl-on, 0 not one who would be sick on and off. But to send Lena aay ur her ou of doors, and cll her (ogo tothe dead Nauve Affe Deparment to claim her sity pennies a week oo send her trudging the srets looking for another job that was imposible too 2 mee es nen “Well jus have to keep her! Annette std, ‘and put up with whateve hi she takes care of henelf <4 pGloomily, her husband agreed. ‘I just don't want to have her fainting all over the place all the etme, that’s all” appens. And see that ro ghee dol sletesine! 0 Frances was called into the sitting-room, and was told that Lena was better now, and she would have to go The gil recived the news submisvely and slenly as she had rceted every ordet firen toler sce she had come ino the lat She went out of te room, and Lena was cled i. "We've spoken eo the doco, Lena! “Yes, madam ree waited quietly, clutching at the skirt of her dress with one hand, the other and lifted vo her fae psa She looked at either of er employes ai "eae ae st elena ‘You are beter, but you sill arent wel, Do you understand?” € eee yAzIGI ‘Do you still want to work for us?” Annette did not know why she asked the question; only later ise elze tha it was an ater shift he responibity forthe arngement fom her shoulders on to Lenats ares “Yes, madam, 1 do want to work ‘Even though the doctor says you must?” “The doctor doesn't say how I can live if I do no work madam’ ‘No! Hurriedly Annette went on, “That's why we've decided you can say with us, Lena. But you mustn’t work too hard. You must be careful with yourself’ She stopped, for Lena had bowed her head and covered her face with both hands. /> 9p nse.) eho ‘When she took her hands away, Lena's face was grate, her eyelids were lowered. ‘Iam sorry that the madam has to take me; she said. She raised het eyes to look directly ac her employers. ‘The madam must not worry. If anything happens to me, it will not be the madam’s fauk "Whose faule will c be?" Leslie Capon called out suddenly. urgently, as if Lena might answer him, Buc none of them could answer the question. The next day, Lena made the coffee and brought it in with the newspaper; she dressed Adam, and sang 10 him; she made the breakfast and washed up after breakfast. At noon she went to fetch ‘Adam from the nursery school, and carted his ttle satchel for him. Annette found them happily together when she came back from work. She ene Lena upstaits fo het rest; and the only change ‘was that now, timorously, Lena got into the lft and travelled up with it as far asi could po. Then Slowly she climbed che last flight of steps to the dormicory {from Through the Wilderness — Selected Stores by Dan Jacobson. Penguin Books, 1973] 38 cee & sepurrvaa QUEST 2QUEST 2 NOTES 39 YAZIGI| pustasn> Lissino feet } SCAVENGER > LIXO | Sque > abe. if tigi i yl meee ot, Wd “Von me wis to i - pcuclion Rea ae =a no QUEST 2