OPEN

WORLD
ANSWER KEY

C1
ADVANCED
STUDENT’S
BOOK

Anthony Cosgrove and Claire Wijayatilake

ANSWER KEY
STARTER 10 heard Exercise 6
Page 8 11 ’d never been Suggested answers
12 had felt 1 Children learn language without
SPEAKING 13 had been vomiting needing to understand grammar and
Exercise 3 14 hadn’t slept its terminology.
A 1 15 had been 2 It’s a combination of conscious and
B 1 16 was waving unconscious methods.
C 3 17 had spoken 3 the importance of filtering what you
D 2 learn and targeting the language you
18 haven’t had
E 1 need for your situation
F 1 Exercise 3 4 that to retain vocabulary effectively, you
1 past continuous need to revisit vocabulary regularly
G 2
2 past perfect simple 5 that language notes need to be
H 1
3 present perfect simple accessible
I 2
4 past perfect continuous 6 Newly learned vocabulary is more
J 1 effectively retained if you read it to
K 3 Page 10 another person or actively try to use it
L 1 in a conversation.
VOCABULARY
Exercise 4 Exercise 1 Page 12
A 7 1 Who’s LISTENING
B 3 2 whose Exercise 1
C 11 3 recipe A 2
D 4 4 receipt B 3
E 6 5 all together C 1
F 12 6 altogether
G 5 7 between Exercise 2
H 9 8 among 1 C
I 2 9 compliment 2 D
J 8 10 complement 3 A
K 1 11 principle 4 E
L 10 12 principal 5 B
Page 9 Exercise 2 GRAMMAR
GRAMMAR 1 C Exercise 1
Exercise 1 2 A 1 B, D
1 Suggested answer 3 D 2 A, D
a short story that people tell others in 4 B, C 3 C
order to entertain or surprise someone 5 A, D 4 A
2 Suggested answer 5 B
A good anecdote normally briefly
READING
6 E
relates the events of the story in order Exercise 4
7 A, B, D
to set up the big reveal – the funny or 1 Selection
embarrassing event of the story. 2 Association Exercise 2
3 A @geographyteachernigel 3 Review 1 Tomorrow it’s snowing it’ll snow /
B @angelinaballerina 4 Storage it’s going to snow, so I would
C @derekthebeast95 5 Use imagine that classes are going to have
D @princesspeach to be cancelled.
Page 11 2 I haven’t decided what to do tomorrow.
Exercise 2 Exercise 5 Perhaps I’m going to I’ll go cycling.
1 was listening 1 master 3 A: ‘Will Shall we go out this evening?
2 started We could try that new restaurant that
2 feasible
3 was looking got those rave reviews.’
3 attained
4 had been B: ‘Good idea – let’s give it a shot!’
4 opt (instead) for
5 hadn’t turned 4 I’ll drop you a line as soon as my plane
5 deteriorates will land lands in London.
6 bumped 6 retain
7 was talking 7 scribbling
8 has done 8 incorporate
9 was visiting

2
5 Both teams are evenly matched so
when they play each other for the first
time in December, I have no idea who
is winning will win / is going to
win.
6 Unless he actually knuckles down and
studies hard this year, I am sure he
shan’t won’t / isn’t going to pass
the course.
Exercise 3
1 Both. Both are asking if you have
already made plans for after the class
today.
2 will improve. It can’t be present
continuous because we use that for a
fixed arrangement. This context is more 10 couldn’t have coped with
of a prediction.
3 will still be studying. We use the future
continuous to talk about an activity that 11 I’d ideally like it to be (more complex
will be in progress at a given time in the
future.
4 is still going to be spoken. Here we
need the passive form of be going to.
5 Both. However normally we use will for 12 I would be grateful for (more complex
predictions if we include adverbs like
likely, probably, possibly, etc. as part of
the predictions.
6 Both. However, will is more common
here. Shall is only really used in British UNIT 1
English and its use is decreasing.
Page 13
WRITING
Exercise 2
Strengths – Reading and listening skills
have improved over the last few years.
Weaknesses – grammar (articles);
pronunciation
Exercise 3
1 richer (This is a more natural collocation
in English.)
2 I struggle with (more complex
vocabulary structure)
3 of these (The writer has already used
the word areas in the previous sentence
so we avoid repetition of the same
word, which is better style.)
4 What makes this tricky is the fact that
(This is a more complex grammar form
of emphasis called a cleft sentence
which moves the key information to the
beginning of the sentence – see Unit 11
of this book.)
5 quite a challenge (more complex
vocabulary than difficult (Also the word
difficult was used earlier in the text. Try
to use synonyms rather than repeating
vocabulary to show the breadth of your
language knowledge).
6 One reason for this is that (This is a
more complex linking phrase /
discourse marker. In the Advanced
exam, you are marked on your ability
to link your ideas together with
appropriate and varied discourse
markers.)
7 As for my language skills (This is more
appropriate as the writer is introducing
a different aspect and is changing the
subject. Moreover would suggest you
are still adding to the previous point.)
8 over the past year or so (more complex
structure)
9 without resorting to (more complex
structure)
(grammatically and lexically more
complex)
and more formal which is more
appropriate as this is a letter to the
teacher; avoids repetition of the word
accent in the same sentence)
and more formal. This is a letter to your
teacher so your tone should be more
respectful.)
Page 14
GETTING STARTED
Exercise 2
Suggested answers
1 Social media is universally available so
everybody has a chance to share their
content/stories/ideas, including those
members of society whose social
position may not have given them a
media platform.
2 What you post on social media can be
misinterpreted, taken out of context, or
simply exaggerated and then used
against you.
3 A lot of people use social media to
show off or to put themselves in the
public eye and seek attention.
4 A lot of what people don’t consider the
meaning behind what they post online
and/or share opinions that are
uninformed or ill-considered.
LISTENING
Exercise 1
A not … sociable – antisocial
B Being in fashion … – follow every trend
C misunderstand – people assume …
D controversial – controversial
Exercise 2
C is correct because Sarah talks about
what people assume about her, but then
explains how these assumptions are
incorrect (Nothing could be further from
the truth).
A is incorrect because this is an
assumption that other people make
about her, not what she says about
herself.
B is incorrect because she says the
opposite of this (… can’t be bothered to
follow every trend)
D is incorrect because she does not say
that she enjoys being controversial,
simply that her quitting of social media
was controversial for some people. Be
careful when you hear the exact words
from an option in a listening exam at
this level because the option is probably
a distractor.
Exercise 3
Suggested answers
B It’s more good than bad. / There are
more pros than cons.
C He was surprised/taken aback by
negative comments or reactions.
D He has more self-belief as a result of it. /
His self-esteem has been boosted by it.
Exercise 4
B (The rewards have made it worthwhile
though so I’m not complaining.)
Page 15
Exercise 5
A technique 2 (because I wouldn’t call
myself an extrovert so being in the
public eye has been quite challenging
at times)
C technique 1 (I’ve had to face some
criticism, which I suppose is inevitable)
D technique 2 (Some people say I come
across as arrogant, which is strange
because in real life, I’m not exactly
bubbling over with self-confidence)
Exercise 6
Daniel C
Jo A
Khaled E
Exercise 7
B Daniel uses the word dishonest from
option B but to say that he is not
dishonest. He does not mention people
being dishonest.
Khaled talks about how people choose
to present exaggerated versions of
themselves online but does not say they
are being dishonest.
D Khaled talks about other people sharing
pictures of their possessions (cars,
designer clothes), not him, to make the
point about people falsely portraying
their perfect lives.
ANSWER KEY 3
VOCABULARY Page 16 Page 17
Exercise 2 GRAMMAR SPEAKING PART 1 TRAINING
Suggested answers Exercise 1 Exercise 1
conscientious (P), eccentric (E), humble (P), Suggested answer 1 Do you use social networking sites
imaginative (P), impulsive (N), insecure (N), Angelina Jolie has six children. Three of often?
knowledgeable (P), narrow-minded (N), them are her biological children and three 2 Robin’s. She expands her answer more
selfish (N), thoughtful (P) of them are adopted and come from other and uses more complex language and
countries (Maddox is from Cambodia, sentences. She also introduces, links
Exercise 3
Zahara Marley is from Ethiopia and Pax and explains her ideas with natural
Speaker 1 – knowledgeable Thien is from Vietnam). The phrase spoken discourse markers such as I
Speaker 2 – narrow-minded ‘rainbow family’ was coined by Jolie in wouldn’t say that …, I mean …, on the
Speaker 3 – humble 2006 and is related to her desire to create other hand … and to be honest.
Speaker 4 – imaginative a multicultural family. 3 Students’ own answers
Speaker 5 – selfish
Exercise 2 Exercise 2
Speaker 6 – conscientious
1 E 1 J
Exercise 4 2 F 2 E
conscientious – conscientiousness; 3 D 3 G
humble – humility; 4 G 4 D
imaginative – imagination; 5 C 5 F
impulsive – impulsivity; 6 G, H 6 A
insecure – insecurity; 7 A 7 K
knowledgeable – knowledge; 8 B 8 I
narrow-minded – narrow-mindedness; 9 F 9 L
selfish – selfishness; 10 E 10 H
thoughtful – thoughtfulness 11 C
Exercise 3
12 B
Other parts of speech (suggested 1 a C b U
answers): 2 a U b C PUSH YOURSELF C2
conscientious – conscientiously (adv) Confirming question tags have falling Exercise 1
humble – humble (v), humbly (adv) intonation. Question tags when the
imaginative – imaginatively (adv), 1 injury
speaker is unsure have rising intonation,
unimaginatively (adv), unimaginable (adj) like questions. 2 poles
imagine (v), imagination (n) 3 chip
impulsive – impulse (n), impulsion (n), Exercise 4 4 high
impulsively (adv) 1 should you 5 books
insecure – insecurely (adv), secure (adj/v) 2 hadn’t you 6 tears
security (n)
3 aren’t there
knowledgeable – knowledgably (adv), Exercise 2
knowing (adj), unknowing (adj), 4 wouldn’t he
5 have you 1 D
knowingly (adv), unknowingly (adv),
6 is it 2 C
know (v), known (adj), unknown (adj)
narrow-minded – narrow-mindedly (adv) 3 B
selfish – unselfish (adj), selfless (adj) Exercise 5 4 E
selfishly (adv), unselfishly (adv), self (n) 1 Would you mind telling me … 5 F
thoughtful – thoughtfully (adv), 3 Could you please tell me … 6 A
thoughtless (adj), thoughtlessness (n), 10 I was wondering …
thoughtlessly (adv) Page 18
We do not use question word order.
Exercise 5 The subject and auxiliary verb do not VOCABULARY
invert as in normal questions. Exercise 1
1 security
2 knowledgeably Exercise 6 mis- means bad/wrong, anti- means
against
3 impulsivity 1 I was wondering whether or not you’re
4 conscientiousness married. Exercise 2
5 narrow-mindedness 2 Could you please explain why you were un- stable, professional, able
6 thoughtfully so late?
in- competent, sensitive
7 selfish 3 I’d like to know if you have any relatives
dis- able, agreeable, courteous
8 eccentrically in the UK.
ir- rational
4 Would you mind telling me how much
il- logical
you paid for your car?
mis- understood
5 Do you think you’d like to have a family
that big? non- conformist
1 and 3 don’t need question marks as anti- establishment
they are not technically questions. im- mature, moral

4
Exercise 3 10 getting READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
More and more young people are staying 11 emailing PART 3 TRAINING
with their parents for longer. It’s not that 12 have
Exercise 1
they’re incapable of looking after 13 to be
themselves, it’s just that the cost of living Real – adj
makes it impossible for them to become Exercise 3 really – adv
independent. In many large cities there is 1 neglected to tell, happens to be, seems unreal – adj
insufficient housing, which means rents are to be, wanted to go reality – n
incredibly high. Owning a house is totally 2 hate missing realism – n
unaffordable for most people under 30. 3 try emailing, try to get realistic – adj
This leads to discontent among young
4 the chance to talk, the sense to ask unrealistic – adj
adults, who know that their parents were
home-owners at their age. A lot of 5 famous for forgetting realistically – adv
graduates I know feel that they have been 6 specialise in doing unrealistically – adv
misled. They were told that if they 7 hope of getting, way of showing realise – v
completed higher education, they would 8 catching up with everything realisation – n
get good jobs and get onto the housing 9 let you have
ladder. This turned out to be untrue. Exercise 2
Exercise 4 1 reality
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH 1 Most of my relations enjoy participating 2 unrealistic
PART 5 TRAINING in family gatherings. 3 Realistically
Exercise 1 2 The last thing you need is to have your
in-laws over for the holidays. Exercise 3
Suggested answer
3 She is incapable of thinking about 1
The number of stable relationships one
person can sustain. anyone but herself. A v
4 I tend to meet friends in cafes or parks B adj/v
Exercise 3 rather than inviting them to my place. C n
D 5 My grandfather had difficulty (in) D adj/v
learning how to use a computer.
Exercise 4 6 It’s up to you to forgive him for lying to 2
A you. A adj
B adj
Page 19 Exercise 5 C adj/v
Exercise 5 1 Similar D adj/v
A iii 2 Different – the first asks if you have a
memory of something that happened in 1 frustrating
B iv
the past; the second asks whether you 2 supportive
C ii
have done it recently.
D i Exercise 4
3 Different – the first means that it was by
Correct option: C 3 ideally
chance they were there together; the
second means they had a lot of 4 genuinely
Exercise 6
experiences which were not necessarily 5 enthusiasm
D
of their choosing. 6 unmarried
Page 20 4 Different – the first is informing the 7 disapproval
listener of their decision to move out;
GRAMMAR the second means they wish they had Page 22
Exercise 1 not told you. EXAM FOCUS
Amalie didn’t tell Heidi about a college 5 Similar
assignment they had to do. They agreed
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
that Heidi would ask the teacher for an Page 21 PART 5
extension. WRITING PART 1 TRAINING 1 C
Exercise 2 2 A
Exercise 2
3 B
1 to tell 1 The first sentence introduces the essay
topic. The second explains the question 4 C
2 to ask 5 A
the writer will tackle and their line of
3 to talk 6 D
argument.
4 showing
2 the opening sentence
5 to get
3 two
6 doing
4 summarises the writer’s main line of
7 to miss argument
8 to go 5 Students’ own answers
9 forgetting

ANSWER KEY 5
Page 24 UNIT 2 Page 30
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH Page 28 GRAMMAR
PART 3 GETTING STARTED Exercise 1
1 largely Exercise 1 1 every
2 childless 2 whole
1 c
3 reproduction 3 plenty
2 a
4 notably 4 much
3 b
5 reality 5 each
4 a
6 generosity 6 another
5 b
7 judgmental 7 many
8 insecurity READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
Exercise 2
Page 26 PART 2 TRAINING
1 a neither b no
Exercise 1
REAL WORLD 2 a whole b all
1 account 3 a each b every
Exercise 1
2 with 4 a any b whatever
1 laughed out loud 3 short 5 a less b fewer
2 oh my god 4 do 6 a little b a little
3 be right back
4 in case you missed it Exercise 2 Exercise 3
5 not safe for work 5 which 1 ✓
6 not to worry 6 only 2 plenty of time
7 by the way 7 no 3 Several of the beaches
8 as soon as possible 8 and 4 ✓ (although half of the time would also
9 fear of missing out be correct)
Page 29
10 hat tip 5 no amount of
VOCABULARY 6 one of the countries
Exercise 3
Exercise 2 7 both of us
1 H
Suggested answers
2 I Exercise 4
T= train; D = driving; F = flying; S = sailing
3 B 1 whole
track TD
4 D 2 fewer
reverse D
5 F 3 each; every
boot D
6 C
give way D Page 31
Page 27 carriage TD (horse and carriage as seen in
Exercise 4) LISTENING PART 3 TRAINING
Exercise 4
board TFS Exercise 2
1 befallen
cabin FS 1 A
2 seasoned
shuttle FD 2 B
3 the state of the nation
congestion D 3 C
4 underestimate
wreck FDTS 4 A
5 rant
overtake D
6 ill-advised Exercise 3
commute DT
1 T
Exercise 6 divert DF
2 F
1 someone on a train asking about sitting Exercise 3 3 T
next to the electrical sockets
1 track 4 T
2 tourist information office
2 carriages
3 meal at a restaurant Page 32
3 boarding
Exercise 7 4 cabin VOCABULARY
1 Sorry to bother you 5 congestion; diverted Exercise 1
2 I’m afraid 6 shuttle on the road = travelling
3 quite all right for a start = to begin with (used when
Exercise 4
4 Would you be so kind as beginning a series of points or arguments)
1 stay informed about at times = sometimes
5 if it’s not too much trouble
2 the opposite
6 Glad to be of
3 a very nervous person often suffering Exercise 2
7 to be a nuisance; would you mind
from stress 1 in the road = physically in contact with
8 be very grateful if you could
4 in agreement with the road; on the road = travelling
9 would be my pleasure
5 go past, exceed 2 for a start = to begin with (used when
beginning a series of points or
arguments); at the start = at the
beginning

6
3 at the time = at that particular moment; Adverbs that modify comparatives = much, Exercise 2
at times = sometimes slightly, considerably, rather, substantially, out of season = not during the popular
4 in demand = wanted or desired by a little (bit), far time;
people; on demand = available when Adverbs that modify superlatives = easily, on impulse = suddenly, without planning;
you want to use it by far in the vicinity of = close to, in the closely
5 by way of = via, by travelling through; surrounding area;
on the way = travelling towards Exercise 4
in retrospect = thinking about something in
somewhere; in transit; under way = 1 A, C
the past;
started, in progress; in a way = to some 2 B
in favour of = wanting to;
extent, partly 3 A
in all honesty = being completely honest;
4 A
Exercise 3 by way of apology for = to say sorry for;
1 for the most part Exercise 5 at the best of times = in its better moments
2 up to speed 1 Sadly Page 35
3 in turn 2 Totally
4 to some extent 3 Simply SPEAKING PART 2 TRAINING
5 In terms of 4 Luckily Exercise 1
6 in two minds 5 Fortunately Suggested answers
7 in accordance with A NO
8 in reverse Page 34 B YES
WRITING C NO
Exercise 4
Exercise 1 D NO
1 to some extent / to an extent / to a E NO
certain extent 1 B
2 C F NOT NECESSARILY
2 on account of their
3 A G YES
3 ’m/am in/of two minds (about) whether
4 K H NOT NECESSARILY
4 me to keep/stay/be up to speed
5 F I YES
5 be worn in accordance with
6 H Exercise 2
Page 33 7 I
A, B, G, I
GRAMMAR 8 J
Exercise 1 9 G Exercise 3
10 E 1 I’d like to focus on
1 T
11 D 2 the fundamental difference is
2 NS
12 A 3 something along those lines
3 T
4 F 4 presumably
Exercise 2
5 F 5 in contrast
1 were booking booked / had booked
6 T 6 looks as if
2 the a
7 have in common
Exercise 2 3 two of us
8 Similarly
4 part, although
absolutely gorgeous
5 20-minutes Page 36
rather hotter
6 shutle shuttle EXAM FOCUS
quite smooth
7 is are
pretty misleading
8 to climb climbing
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
incredibly slow PART 2
9 Different options here: extremely /
considerably longer 1 restricted / limited
very / really / highly instead of
completely exhausted absolutely OR change the adjective – 2 whom
fairly strong absolutely magnificent 3 where
slightly anxious 10 getting the wi-fi checked 4 until
pretty cheap 11 for at times 5 of
fairly economical 12 could be done 6 provided / so
Exercise 3 7 from
PUSH YOURSELF C2 8 order
Adverbs that modify gradable adjectives = Exercise 1
very, really, fairly, quite, extremely,
incredibly, pretty, rather, slightly, a little 1 F LISTENING PART 3
(bit) 2 H 1 C
Adverbs that modify extreme adjectives = 3 E 2 B
absolutely, utterly completely, thoroughly, 4 C 3 C
pretty, rather, totally 5 A 4 D
6 G 5 D
7 B 6 A
8 D

ANSWER KEY 7
Page 38 Exercise 2 save up some money, and then spend a
1 One of your brothers has just couple of months on the road. It has to be
REAL WORLD that way round of course on account of the
graduated, hasn’t he?
Exercise 1 cost of the trip! People with language skills
2 What would you say if I told you I didn’t
1 B believe you? like me are very much in demand in the
2 C workforce in my hometown apparently, so
3 Would you mind confirming what time
3 E I’m reasonably confident I should get a job
the party starts?
4 F in no time!
4 Please could you refrain from talking
5 H When my dad was my age he drove across
with your mouth full.
the US from east coast to west coast. I’m
6 G 5 Don’t you agree that you’re overly going for a very similar itinerary, except
7 A dependent on your phone? that I’m doing the trip in reverse, starting in
8 D LA and heading for New York. Dad was
Exercise 3
only 18 and didn’t think it was a big deal
Page 39 1 incompetent at the time. But, in contrast, my trip’s like
Exercise 2 2 unaffordable the biggest deal ever for him and mum,
1 T 3 destabilise though I guess it’s sweet that they’re
2 F 4 disable concerned about me! There’s no way I’d do
3 F the trip on my own, so I’ll have my two
Exercise 4 besties (Chanelle and Poppy) for/as
4 F
1 a company. And we’re not driving (like my
5 F dad did). Instead, in accordance with his
2 b
6 T ‘suggestion’, we’re taking trains. We’ll be
3 a
4 a visiting cities for the most part, like Denver
Exercise 3
and Chicago. But at times we’ll probably
1 speed limit 5 a
get off the beaten track and head out into
2 overtake 6 b some of the national parks.
3 built-up 7 b We’re so excited – it’s going to be an
4 turning 8 a amazing journey, literally of course, and
5 pulled over also in terms of being completely
Page 41
6 fined independent for the first time.
Exercise 5
7 peak hours
1 a UNIT 3
8 toll
2 b Page 42
Exercise 5 3 b GRAMMAR
1 renting a car 4 a Exercise 1
2 speaking to a roadside mechanic 5 b
Zero conditional = Q2 What do you do if
6 b you need money to buy something
Exercise 6
Exercise 6 expensive?
1 B
Second conditional = Q3 What would you
2 D 1 reversing
do if you suddenly inherited a huge sum of
3 H 2 board money?
4 A 3 overtake Third conditional = Q4 What would you
5 E 4 boot have done if you had found it?
6 F 5 give way
7 G Exercise 3
Exercise 7 1 First conditional
8 C
1 every 2 Second conditional
Exercise 7 2 whole 3 Zero conditional
1 looking to 3 another 4 First conditional
2 in assuming 4 whatever 5 First conditional
3 go for 5 plenty
4 Better safe than Page 43
Exercise 8
5 no expert Exercise 4
1 a
1 even if (zero)
PROGRESS CHECK 1 2 b
2 would (second)
Page 40 3 a
3 Assuming (first)
Exercise 1 4 b
4 if (second)
5 b
1 knowledgeable 5 Unless (first)
2 humble Exercise 9 6 have been (third)
3 insecurity I’ve always wanted to take a year out when 7 could (second)
4 narrow-minded I finish school, but for a while I was in two 8 When (zero)
5 conscientious minds about whether to spend it working or
6 creative travelling. So I’ve opted for the best of both
worlds – the plan is to start by working to

8
VOCABULARY C 5 Recommendations 4 make/waste/spend/lose
Exercise 1 D 3 What the course taught me 5 pay
E 1 Introduction 6 lose
1 J
7 make
2 E Exercise 3
8 pay
3 F everything I spend = my outgoings 9 pay
4 B find good prices = get the best deals 10 make
5 H don’t have a lot of money = am on a
6 G limited budget Exercise 2
7 A spending more than I had in my account = 1 made a donation
8 I going into overdraft 2 waste no time in
9 C manage = make ends meet 3 lost a fortune
10 D all our spending over the course of a 4 pays top dollar
month = our expenditure 5 paying off
Exercise 2 wasting on unnecessary purchases =
1 prosperity squandering PUSH YOURSELF C2
2 overdraft expensive = overpriced Exercise 1
3 break even
Page 46 1 H
4 bankrupt
2 E
5 affluent GRAMMAR 3 G
6 assets Exercise 1 4 D
7 squander me (I); a tenner (D) 5 A
8 expenditure money (D); me (I)! 6 I
9 rip-off
Exercise 3 7 F
10 lucrative
8 C
1 Varnia and I can talk to each other
Exercise 3 about anything. 9 I
1 lucrative 2 Tony blames himself for the failure of 10 B
2 overdrawn the family business.
Page 49
3 squandering 3 Children should be able to look after
4 break even themselves by the age of 16. SPEAKING
5 affluence 4 My sister and I often wear one Exercise 2
another’s clothes. 2
Page 44 5 Family members give presents to each
Exercise 3
LISTENING PART 4 TRAINING other on Christmas Day.
2, 1, 4, 6, 8, 11, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10
Exercise 1 Exercise 4
1 salt 1 yourself Exercise 4
2 sea shells 2 itself Checking understanding:
3 tea 3 each other/one another So what you are saying is …
4 cheese 4 each other; one another/each other I am sorry I didn’t quite get that last part …
5 him I’m afraid I don’t follow.
Exercise 2
6 herself You’ve lost me there.
1 B
7 each other/one another What do you mean by … ?
Exercise 3 8 her
Clarifying an idea:
2 C What I mean by that is …
Page 47
Exercise 4 Put simply, …
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
1 A What I mean is …
PART 8 TRAINING Basically, …
2 B
Exercises 3 & 4 Let me rephrase that.
Exercise 7 1 B To put it in a nutshell …
Speaker 1 2 A
3 C Page 50
1 D 2 A
Speaker 2 4 A EXAM FOCUS
1 E 2 D 5 C LISTENING PART 4
Page 45 Page 48 Task 1
1 Speaker 1 D
WRITING PART 2: REPORT VOCABULARY
2 Speaker 2 F
TRAINING Exercise 1
3 Speaker 3 B
Exercise 2 1 waste
4 Speaker 4 E
A 4 Changes to my spending habits 2 spend/waste
5 Speaker 5 A
B 2 My spending habits before the course 3 pay

ANSWER KEY 9
Task 2 Exercise 6 VOCABULARY
6 Speaker 1 C 1 identity Exercise 1
7 Speaker 2 H 2 password; security suit, craft / ship, shuttle, rocket,
8 Speaker 3 F 3 refund outer (outer space), race, travel,
9 Speaker 4 A 4 valid aliens, probe, tourism, station
10 Speaker 5 E
Exercise 7 Exercise 2
Page 51 1 broke (g) 1 spacesuit
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH 2 bail … out (b) 2 space race
3 living hand to mouth (d) 3 space tourism / space travel
PART 8
4 dipped into (e); put aside (a) 4 space craft / space ships
1 D
5 pay your own way (c) 5 space rocket
2 F
6 sponged off (f)
3 C Exercise 3
4 B Exercise 8 1 hard disk
5 E Tokyo 5 2 parking
6 D London 1 3 confined
7 B New York 2 4 stared
8 A Hong Kong 3 5 breathing
9 F Singapore 4 6 waste
10 C 7 bar
UNIT 4 8 personal
Page 52
Page 54
REAL WORLD Page 56
GETTING STARTED
Exercise 2 WRITING PART 2 TRAINING
Exercise 1
1 Yes Exercise 2
Round 1
2 No 1 what kind of environmental projects or
1 300,000 km/second
3 Yes policies you would like to see in your
2 The moon’s diameter is 3,476 km, the
4 Yes country / what the benefits of these
Earth’s is 12,742 km. Earth is roughly
5 Yes four times wider than the moon. could be
3 $12 m 2 at least two
Exercise 3
4 965 km 3 informal but with neutral tone
1 B
2 Both 5 2061 Exercise 3
3 Both Round 2 1 Two
4 B 1 False. A vapour cloud that is 10 billion 2 No. Only the second question in
5 Both light years away holds 140 trillion times enough detail.
the mass of all the water on Earth. 3 No. The tone is more neutral.
Page 53 2 True 4 They are all ways of expressing the
Exercise 5 3 True – 55 Cancrie writer’s opinion or personal knowledge.
Conversation 1 4 True 5 Yes
1 a joint account 5 True
Page 57
2 a card reader and debit cards
Bonus round GRAMMAR
3 You will have a passcode and you can
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
set up security questions with secret Exercise 1
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (Note: Pluto is a
answers. 1 are to announce
dwarf planet.)
Conversation 2 2 is to survive
Page 55 3 is to be built
1 The boots she bought online don’t fit
her, so she wants a refund. LISTENING PART 2 TRAINING 4 will melt
2 a credit note which can be spent in the Exercise 2 5 will become
shop 1 size Exercise 2
Conversation 3 2 planet-like 1 a will have been
1 She is broke because she has spent part 3 icy b will have been reached
of her tuition fees and has spent up to 4 angle 2 a won’t be driving
her credit card limit. b Will you be joining
2 that she get a part-time job Exercise 3
3 a will have been living
3 No. He thinks she needs to grow up, 5 third b will have been working
take responsibility for managing her 6 gas
own finances and stop borrowing off 7 gravitational pull
the family. 8 (conclusive) evidence

10
PUSH YOURSELF C2 7 adjective + noun Exercise 3
Exercise 1 8 adjective + noun 1 Bi
9 noun + noun 2 C iv
1 will be hibernating
10 adjective + noun 3 E ii
2 probably won’t be needing
3 be doing; will still be working 4 D iii
Page 60
4 will have forgotten 5 A ii
GRAMMAR
Page 58 Exercise 1 Page 62

READING AND USE OF ENGLISH 1 Type 1 – get rid of EXAM FOCUS

PART 7 TRAINING 2 Type 3 – ignore, forget for a period of LISTENING PART 2
time 1 conservation
Exercise 2
3 Type 2 – to finally come to a particular 2 dictionaries
350,000 tonnes = the amount of clothing place or situation; Type 3 – clean
sent to landfill in the UK each year 3 airport
thoroughly
second biggest = The fashion industry is 4 butterfly
4 Type 2 – become extinct
said to be the world’s second biggest 5 tourist attraction
5 Type 3 – give responsibility to; Type 3 –
polluter. 6 forests
resolve, find a solution for
60 percent = amount of clothing 7 controversial
6 Type 4 – get rid of, remove; Type 3 –
purchased today compared to 15 years 8 human involvement
kill completely
ago
7 Type 4 – return to Page 63
one year = 60 percent of clothing is
8 Type 3 – make, construct
destroyed or sent to landfill within a year.
9 Type 4 – invent, think of
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
£255 = the price of a coat made from PART 7
recycled plastic bottles 10 Type 1 – urge
1 F
Exercise 3 Exercise 2 2 B
1 C 1 OK – demand that something must 3 G
happen 4 E
2 A
2 do away with plastic – get rid of 5 A
3 B
3 clear it up – make clean and neat 6 C
4 E
4 backed up by science – supported
Distractor – D Page 64
5 OK – use as energy
Page 59 6 OK – regarded as REAL WORLD
VOCABULARY Exercise 3 Exercise 1
Exercise 1 Espresso machine
1 initially set up / set up initially
1 D 2 gradually turns into Exercise 2
2 C 3 ultimately ends up 1 I
3 A 4 correct 2 D
4 B 5 completely do away with 3 E
Exercise 2 Exercise 4 4 G
1 renowned 5 F
1 clear up the 45 …
2 habitat 6 B
2 put forward several measures …
3 range 7 C
3 set up a completely vegan …
4 diversity 8 H
4 chop down ash …
5 convincing 9 A
6 chain Page 61
Page 65
7 marine SPEAKING Exercise 4
8 compelling Exercise 1
Elon Musk; Tesla
9 currents 1 E
10 memorable 2 A Exercise 5
Exercise 3 3 C 1 E
4 D 2 F
1 1 noun + of + noun
5 B 3 H
2 noun + noun
4 G
3 noun + noun Exercise 2
5 D
4 noun + noun 1 That’s a good question.
6 A
2 1 noun + adjective 2 Let me put it this way
7 C
2 adjective + noun 3 I think it depends.
8 B
3 noun + noun 4 That’s something I haven’t considered
4 adjective + noun before.
5 adjective + noun 5 Let me think about that for a second.
6 noun + noun

ANSWER KEY 11
Exercise 6 log onto – type 1 Page 69
1 crowning achievement lock out – type 3 WRITING
2 it wouldn’t be an overstatement to sign in – type 2 (type 3 if you sign
Exercise 3
3 defy the odds / achieve the impossible somebody else in)
back up – type 3 1 One of the most successful applications
4 make a success of of
5 crowning achievement print out – type 3
2 where they fall down is
6 achieve the impossible / defy the odds shut down – type 3
3 An excellent example of the benefits of
7 to cap it all pop up – type 2
4 The reason it’s so popular is
scroll up – type 2
5 what raises it above other
UNIT 5 hack into – type 1
6 There are both pros and cons to
Page 66 filter out – type 3
7 On the one hand
LISTENING PART 1 TRAINING wipe out – type 3
8 On the other hand
drop down – type 2
Exercise 1 9 One of the drawbacks of
opt in – type 2
1 J 10 the major weakness
2 B Exercise 4
Exercise 4
3 M 2 Backing up your work
4 M A This issue – problems with robot-human
3 you sign in
interaction
4 keeps going down
Exercise 2 B those – readers
5 I was locked out
C C This – unemployment and socio-
Page 68 economic problems
Exercise 3 D these – applications
1 A GRAMMAR E For this reason – machines cannot be
2 C Exercise 1 taught morals and ethics
3 C … you’re exposed to.
… where a computer does its real-time
Page 70
Exercise 4 calculations. VOCABULARY
1 A … most of which need more memory Exercise 2
2 C capacity than ever before.
Suggested answers
… who tend to multi-task …
Page 67 Positive: enhance, strengthen, boost,
… whose processors come in a range of facilitate, upgrade
VOCABULARY qualities, …
Neutral: outnumber, modify, intensify,
Exercise 1 … for whom money is no object, … augment, magnify, multiply, lower, exceed
1 went down … those on a budget, … Negative: worsen, deteriorate, hinder,
2 put in … when you need to balance weaken, corrupt
3 sped up performance and cost, …
… which are quieter, lighter and cooler Exercise 3
4 slowed down
than HDDs, … 1 P
5 switch it off; on
… none of which were found to have 2 N
6 log on to
satisfactory battery life. 3 NE
7 locked out
8 sign in Exercise 2 4 N
9 back them up 5 P
A ND
10 print it out B D Exercise 4
1 ND 1 boost
Exercise 2
2 D 2 exceeds / outnumbers
gain unauthorised access to – hack into
3 D 3 hindering
obliterate – wipe out
4 ND 4 upgrade
prevent from working – shut down
5 D 5 deterioration / worsening
actively choose – opt in
move the page upwards – scroll up Exercise 3 6 upgraded / strengthened / enhanced /
modified
appear underneath – drop down 2 neither of whom
avoid – filter out 3 much/most/none of which Exercise 5
appearing – popping up 4 both of which 1 There hasn’t been any new hardware.
5 many/several/some/most of which The software upgrades are sometimes
Exercise 3
6 one of whom incompatible. The anti-virus software
go down – type 2 needs upgrading.
7 many/some/several/most of which
put in – type 3 2 getting new computers and printers
speed up – type 2 3 a time limit on sessions and making a
slow down – type 2 quiet zone
switch on / off – type 3

12
Exercise 6 4 C Exercise 3
1 has deteriorated 5 E 1 had I known how expensive it
2 facilitate 6 F 2 correct
3 upgrade 7 A 3 Come up with a solution to
4 corruption 4 have many things in common with /
Exercise 3
5 outnumber have a lot in common with
1 dared you to
6 modify
2 How dare you Exercise 4
7 enhance
3 dare I say it 1 will be completed before
GRAMMAR 4 I dare say 2 no choice but to live with
Exercise 1 5 Don’t you dare 3 absolutely forbidden for students to
B must, may, could, might, can’t 6 daren’t 4 received compensation from …
because she lost
C can, could, be able to, enable Page 72
D can, could, may, might Exercise 5
E should, ought to, might
SPEAKING PARTS 3 AND 4
1 D
F don’t have/need to, needn’t TRAINING
2 C
G mustn’t, can’t Exercise 2
3 B
H let, allow to, permit to, may, can 1 F 4 A
2 T
Page 71 3 T Exercise 6
Exercise 2 4 T 1 will have been completed by
1 ✓ 5 T 2 have to put up with
2 It’s not necessary to back up 6 F 3 no circumstances should/must you
3 ✓ 4 was compensated for the loss
Exercise 3
4 ✓
1 P Page 74
5 It is imperative that you / to
regularly update your software. 2 L EXAM FOCUS
6 is under no obligation 3 P
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
7 ✓ (although you can add that after vital) 4 P
5 N
PART 4
8 has the ability to translate 1 to have changed her mind about
9 recommended to install Exercise 4 2 is in two minds
10 ✓ 3 is she getting at
1 up to a point
Exercise 3 2 you’re saying 4 has been a drastic increase in
1 required / needed 3 truth in that 5 in your (best) interest not to
2 obligation 4 the case
5 Not necessarily
LISTENING PART 1
3 need / ought
1 C
4 necessary / important / essential / vital 6 a fair point
2 B
5 able 7 true
3 C
6 vital / essential 8 agree to disagree
4 A
7 permits / allows / enables Exercise 5 5 B
8 allows / lets
1 3, 2, 1, 4 6 A
9 possible / feasible
2 Students’ own answers
10 need to Page 76
Page 73 REAL WORLD
PUSH YOURSELF C2
Exercise 1
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 2
1 You wouldn’t dare!
PART 4 TRAINING 1 unauthorised
Exercise 1 2 infections
2 My friends dared me to do it.
1 of 3 self-replicate
3 Well, dare I say it, we’re going to have
to let staff go. 2 -ing (repairing) 4 lapses
4 I dare say we’ll manage. 3 add no/isn’t 5 input
5 I daren’t tell Sue that I’ve dropped her Answer: isn’t a chance of repairing 6 capture
laptop. 7 payload
Exercise 2 8 hostage
6 How dare you speak to me like that!
7 Don’t you dare! 1 strengthen 9 currencies
2 a The meaning is different. 10 reinstall
Exercise 2 b It doesn’t contain the key word by. 11 pop-up
1 D c There are too many words. 12 preloaded
2 B 3 was strengthened by
3 G

ANSWER KEY 13
Page 77 3 Can you sponsor myself me for the 3 can lower
Exercise 3 half-marathon I am going to run for 4 exceed
charity? 5 hindered
1 can: viruses, worms, Greyware; cannot:
4 My boyfriend and I trust each other 6 were upgraded
rootkits
implicitly. ✓
2 Trojan horses, ransomware
5 Please help each other yourselves to Exercise 8
3 ransomware
the buffet. There are paper plates and 1 no
4 keyloggers cutlery over there. 2 of
Exercise 5 6 Can you explain to me why you didn’t 3 needn’t
let me know before now? 4 vital / essential / imperative /
Suggested answers
1 Problem: old password isn’t recognised Exercise 4 necessary
and the new one is not accepted. 5 able
1 compulsive / compelling
Advice: Turn off Caps Lock; Add in @ 6 under
2 marine
symbol 7 should
3 habitat
2 Problem: slow computer; problems 8 permit / allow
4 central
downloading. Advice: Access the task
manager with Control + Alt + Delete 5 climate UNIT 6
and close apps; restart system. 6 chain Page 80
3 Problem: online payment portal. 7 memorable
Advice: Delete and re-install app. 8 diverse GETTING STARTED
Exercise 1
Exercise 6 Page 79 1 A maintenance worker; B an estate
1 resetting Exercise 5 agent C a civil engineer; D an
2 Caps Lock; case-sensitive 1 There was so much mess after that party archaeologist
3 infected but Neil helped me (to) clear it up. 2 Students’ own answers
4 installed; email attachments 2 We have run out of cheese. Could 3 Students’ own answers
5 closing down, background you pick me up a packet on your 4 Suggested answers
6 Control, Alt and Delete way home? plumber, electrician, builder, bricklayer,
7 remotely access 3 You shouldn’t let people like him push painter and decorator, landscape
8 Settings you around. You have to stand up gardener, architect, surveyor, tour
to him. guide, carpenter, caretaker, porter
9 reinstall
4 In the previous election, I voted for
10 drop-down menu VOCABULARY
the Conservative Party, but the
Exercise 7 party has failed to sort out the Exercise 1
political crisis and put aside Suggested answers
1 Students’ own answers
personal rivalries / put personal
2 b ransomware, c case-sensitive, Parts of a building: cellar, hallway, attic
rivalries aside, so I think I will vote
d greyware, e Trojan horse, Liberal in the next election.
Types of building: mansion, stable,
f attachment skyscraper, semi-detached, terraced,
5 I can’t believe that racism is still so
The cipher is the alphabet counting bungalow, multi-storey
prevalent in sport. It is time that the
backwards. Building work: DIY, makeover, demolish,
authorities stamped it out.
renovate, tool, install
PROGRESS CHECK 2 6 Can you help me put together this
new sofa bed / put this new Exercise 2
Page 78 sofa bed together? I have read
1 A bungalow is a single-storey home
Exercise 1 through the instructions, but I can’t
that is usually detached. A semi-
1 as long as I can/could work them out.
detached house can be more than one
2 as soon as I get/got 7 Can you believe that they shut down storey but is a house that is attached on
3 even if the weather is / even though the my Twitter account / shut my one side to another.
weather might be Twitter account down? Someone
2 a mansion
hacked into it and posted some
4 in the event of an 3 demolition, renovation, installation
offensive tweets.
5 in case you get 4 stable
Exercise 6 5 Possible answers: hammer, saw,
Exercise 2
1 A, D screwdriver, spanner, drill, cement
1 bankrupt; assets mixer, spirit level
2 B
2 rip-off
3 C, D Page 81
3 squandered
4 C
4 affluent Exercise 3
5 C
1 makeover
Exercise 3 6 A, B, C
2 mansion
1 It is entirely your fault, Mark. You have 7 B
3 skyscraper
no one but you yourself to blame.
Exercise 7 4 installation; tool(s)
2 The repairs to my car ended up costing
1 outnumbered / exceeded 5 attic; renovating
me a lot of money to me.
2 a deterioration in

14
 LISTENING 3 true 5 our utmost
Exercise 1 4 true 6 the picture
5 true 7 list of jobs
Speaker 1: US – skyscrapers, apartment
blocks, mansions, bungalows, duplexes, 6 false 8 no option but
condos 9 a start
Page 83
Speaker 2: UK – block of flats, studio flats,
Exercise 2 Exercise 3
cottages, terraced houses, semi-detached
houses, stately homes 2 been squeezed A make a name for yourself
3 was completed; to be inaugurated B get the picture
Exercise 3 4 can be stored; being used C have something against
1 a flat UK 5 was intended D do your utmost
b apartment US 6 was sent; could be completed E have no option but to
2 a center US 7 was declared, demolished F get going / make a start
b centre UK G make a list of
(Note that -re at the end of words is Exercise 3
the British English spelling, e.g. theatre) 1 past simple passive – were inspired by, Exercise 4
3 a drugstore US was completed, was intended; was sent, 1 A
b chemist’s UK was declared, 2 E
4 a first floor US 2 present perfect simple passive – it’s 3 D
b ground floor UK been squeezed 4 B
(Note that both mean the first storey 3 present continuous passive – is being 5 C
of a building, the one on the ground, used
4 modal passive – can be stored; could Exercise 5
but in British English when we say
first floor in the US that would be be completed 1 nothing against supermarkets
the second floor and so on.) 5 have (sth) done – had the main tower 2 get under way until
5 a pavement UK demolished 3 did my utmost to get
b sidewalk US 6 passive infinitive – to be inaugurated
6 a neighbour UK
READING USE OF ENGLISH
Exercise 4
b neighbor US PART 6 TRAINING
Suggested answers
(Note that words that include -our Exercise 1
1 It probably hadn’t been renovated since
in British English are often spelt -or 1 A
it was built in the 1970s.
in American English, e.g. color, 2 C
flavor, harbor.) 2 No. Their budget was tight so they had
to prioritise jobs and postpone others. 3 B
7 a post code UK
3 No Page 85
b zip code US
4 Preparation is as big a job as doing the
8 a parking lot US Exercise 2
DIY work itself.
b car park UK 1 Yes. They are different perspectives on
9 a urbanization US Exercise 5 Zaha Hadid.
b urbanisation UK 1 that it needed renovating 2 No. They may mention the same
(Note that words that include the 2 anything had been done subjects but will often have different
suffix -ise in British English are spelt 3 even since the block was built opinions and ideas about them. This is
with -ize in US English, e.g. realize, the typical style of this type of Reading
4 and have the whole lot replaced
specialize, recognize.) task.
5 which had to be prioritised
10 a elevator US
6 get the whole lot done over a weekend Exercise 3
b lift UK
7 before any walls could be painted And yet, Hadid managed to go from
Page 82 8 the whole room needed emptying ambitious wannabe to mainstream success
9 didn’t get spilled all over it story in no time at all.
SPEAKING PART 1 TRAINING
10 without paint getting splashed all over
Exercise 1 Exercise 4
the floor
1 C Text B – It took years of hard work for
2 B Page 84 Hadid to make a name for herself as an
architect who could not just design, but
3 A VOCABULARY build on an epic scale.
Exercise 2 Exercise 1 Text C – In recent decades, clients have
1 B 1 an attic conversion been queuing up to get a touch of the
2 C 2 seven weeks because the Khans are Hadid magic. But this success is a far cry
expecting a baby from Hadid’s early days, which included,
3 A
for example, her winning design in 1983
Exercise 2 for a resort complex known as The Peak in
GRAMMAR
1 going Hong Kong.
Exercise 1
2 a start on Text D – no mention
1 true 3 something against Different opinions in Texts B and C
2 false 4 name for ourselves

ANSWER KEY 15
Exercise 5 Exercise 3 Exercise 4
2 D 1 A 1 mould
3 A 2 C 2 double-glazing
4 C 3 B 3 water pressure
4 C 4 central heating
Page 86
5 B 5 carbon monoxide alarms
GRAMMAR 6 certified
Exercise 4
Exercise 1 7 lockable
1 A 8 tenancy
1 Both are possible. Had to have is used
to show that it is necessary; must have 2 A 9 tenants
had is used to speculate that it is almost 3 B 10 viewings
certain that the roof has been repaired. 4 A
2 could have been 5 B Exercise 7
3 Both are possible. Was able to A – If you could accept that, then I could
expresses past ability; could suggests a PUSH YOURSELF C2 pay two months in advance, rather
future possibility. Exercise 1 than just the one.
4 used to 1 H B – You’ve kept the flat in good condition;
5 weren’t allowed to 2 E it really ticks all the right boxes.
6 Both. They both express the idea of 3 D D – Do we have some room for
should have followed (past obligation in 4 B negotiation?
the sense of a duty or responsibility). 5 C H – I wanted to get a feel for what flats like
that usually cost round here, so I
Exercise 2 6 A
checked it out online.
7 F
1 C/F G – My budget’s really more like 700,
8 G which I think would be enough to get
2 C/D
3 C/D Exercise 2 something of a decent standard in the
4 A/E same area.
1 fire hazard
5 A 2 drawing board Exercise 8
6 B 3 suspension bridge 1 rate
Exercise 3 4 right angle 2 room
5 earthquake-proof 3 come
Suggested answers
6 know the drill 4 step
1 in the walls of a house that had been
sold to a new owner 7 building boom 5 over
2 one of the construction workers, 8 eye-catching 6 halfway
working on renovating the house 7 stretch
Page 89
3 the building company owner, the new 8 a deal
owner of the house and the daughters EXAM FOCUS
of the previous owner READING AND USE OF ENGLISH UNIT 7
4 the heirs of the previous owner Page 92
PART 6
Exercise 4 1 C GETTING STARTED
1 D 2 B Exercise 1
2 E 3 A Task 1
3 B 4 D 1 ASH
4 A 2 ILL
Page 90
3 EAT
WRITING PART 2 TRAINING REAL WORLD Task 2 C
Exercise 1 Exercise 2
1 R A READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
2 P PART 1 TRAINING
Page 91
3 B Exercise 1
Exercise 3 1 verb patterns, A
4 B
5 B A shortlist 2 collocations, C
B stretch to 3 fixed phrases, D
Page 87 C defaults
Exercise 2 D pitfalls Page 93
1 C E liable Exercise 2
2 B F budget (for) 1 A
G ball-park figure 2 C
H downsizing 3 B
4 D

16
VOCABULARY 5 the female students … the male 4 linguist
students – plural noun that implies in 5 tourist
Exercise 2
general 6 motorists
commonly believed, overly ambitious,
6 ✓ – specific situations 7 pharmacist
highly regarded, well-respected, randomly
selected, highly ambitious, strongly Exercise 5 8 environmentalist/activist
opposed, deeply concerned, vitally
1 a He studied at length in London. Exercise 4
important, highly educated, well thought
b He visited a school for some reason 1 D
of, actively involved
which is not evident without more 2 E
Exercise 3 context.
3 F
1 utterly ridiculous 2 a A specific group of workers will
4 G
benefit (understood by speaker and
2 bitterly disappointed 5 A
listener).
3 highly trained 6 B
b All workers will benefit from this
4 badly mistaken 7 C
new law.
5 conveniently located
3 a His father is a prisoner. Exercise 5
6 fully aware
b His father is visiting the prison.
7 widely available communism; sexism; linguistics; tourism;
4 a little means not much with the overall motor, motoring; pharmacy;
8 closely associated implication being negative. environmentalism / activism; atheism;
Page 94 b a little means some, and the oncology; perfection, perfectionism;
implication is small but significant. royalty; psychiatry; racism; pacifism
GRAMMAR 5 a In future means from now on.
Exercise 2 Implication is that any future test Page 97
1 – results will be emailed to candidates. SPEAKING PART 2 TRAINING
2 the b In the future means at some point in
3 the the future. Implication is that this will Exercise 2
happen at some undefined moment. 1 D
4 a
5 the Page 95 2 F
6 – 3 E
LISTENING 4 A
7 –
Exercise 3 5 B
8 a
9 a Suggested answer 6 G
10 the The talk is about research into organisms 7 C
that possess ‘intelligence’ despite not
11 the
having brains or neural networks like more Exercise 3
Exercise 3 complex animals. A While
1 G B depending on
Exercise 4
2 C C Obviously
Clustered means close together, often in a
3 A D OK, so
group or in a high concentration.
4 D E It looks as though
5 B Exercise 5 F On the whole
6 G B G However
7 H
Exercise 6 Exercise 6
8 F
1 between 1 Y
9 E
2 person 2 Y
10 A
3 adjective 3 Y
11 B
4 regarding/connected to how a person
Page 98
Exercise 4 behaves and communicates with other
1 ✓. the army – specific group; people GRAMMAR
a corresponding – not specifying which Exercise 2
Page 96
degree 1 knowledge
2 the Mount Kilimanjaro the next year. – VOCABULARY 2 fires
Mountains do not use the definite Exercise 1 3 shelters
article. Next / last + time period don’t 1 Scientists 4 advice
take an article. 2 Biologist 5 information
3 a research – uncountable noun; the 3 Ecologist 6 respect
mosquito-borne diseases – plural
7 fruits
4 the FBI – specific group; the last night – Exercise 3
Next / last + time period don’t take an 8 safety
1 cardiologist
article. 9 experience
2 communists
3 sexist

ANSWER KEY 17
Exercise 3 3 end E penalty
1 a uncountable – the material 4 shocked F feedback
b countable – a place 5 reduce someone’s feeling of pride or G footnotes
2 a countable – a place arrogance
6 to cause someone to return to normal Exercise 6
b uncountable – general concept
thinking or acting Suggested answers
3 a uncountable – general concept
7 accept that what someone is saying 1 Choose one feature of gothic
b countable – specific trip
is true architecture, compare two examples.
4 a uncountable – general concept
8 misunderstand 2 You can go 10% over the word limit –
b countable – specific educational after that you lose marks.
experience Exercise 2 3 on the website under ‘resources for
5 a countable – idiomatic meaning 1 taken aback students’
‘a situation deserving pity’
2 bring to the table 4 Footnotes can be used. See the guide
b uncountable – emotion for details.
3 take his word for it
6 a uncountable – general concept 5 Yes, if you submit it by March 23.
4 bring … to a close
of luck
6 First draft – email it to the tutor; final
b countable – specific time, meaning Page 100 version – upload through Turnitin.
opportunity
EXAM FOCUS 7 Yes, there are depending on how late.
Exercise 4 Details can be found on the website.
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
1 room: countable; paper, glass, metal: PART 1 UNIT 8
uncountable
1 A Page 104
2 time: countable
2 D
3 news: uncountable
3 B
VOCABULARY
4 luck: uncountable; work: uncountable Exercise 1
4 C
5 job: countable Sport: analysis, coverage, commentator
5 A
highlights, action replay
WRITING PART 2 TRAINING 6 B
Reality TV: presenter, contestant
7 D
Exercise 2 Drama: protagonist, series, extras,
8 A
1 Positives – catchy songs, wide range of subtitles, script, cast
activity types, instant feedback, Page 103 Documentary: analysis, presenter,
engaging series
Negatives – random language, no
REAL WORLD
Current affairs: analysis, coverage,
progression from basic to advanced Exercise 3 commentator, correspondent
language, repetition of some 1 to develop extracurricular activities and
vocabulary, not enough practical work-related experience that you could Exercise 2
language put into your application 1 subtitles
2 Yes 2 Students’ own answers 2 series
3 Use the app to reinforce what you learn 3 An aspirational choice – in case they 3 highlights
in class. do better than expected in their exams 4 contestant
4 Paragraph 1 – Describes the app Insurance – in case they do less well 5 commentators / correspondents
Paragraph 2 – Outlines positive features than expected 6 analysis / coverage
Paragraph 3 – Outlines negatives 4 Possible answer: The personal statement 7 protagonist
features helps universities make decisions about
8 presenter
Paragraph 4 – Summary and who to offer places to. It is the student’s
recommendations chance to show that they would make Page 105
the most of the place if it were offered
Page 99 to them. SPEAKING PARTS 3 AND 4
Exercise 3 TRAINING
Exercise 4
To recap; To sum up; In summary Exercise 1
2 What happens if I go over the word
commentators, analysis, (action) replay,
Exercise 4 limit?
contestants, series, subtitles, extra,
3 Where can I find information about protagonist, correspondent, coverage
1 M
referencing and avoiding plagiarism?
2 N
4 What about footnotes? Exercise 3
3 P
5 Can I get feedback on my first draft? 1 with
4 M
6 How do I submit my work? 2 about
5 M
7 Are there penalties for giving work in 3 focus on
6 N
late? 4 fair
7 P
Exercise 5 5 task
PUSH YOURSELF C2 A plagiarism
6 mean
Exercise 1 7 on to
B narrow down
1 to provide a useful skill or attribute 8 last
C draft
2 cause their most negative qualities to D submit
be displayed

18
Exercise 4 Exercise 2 Page 109
Discussing each point in turn: Shall 1 that he hadn’t remembered to record Exercise 3
we start with live sport? Let’s move on to that new series. / (to) not remembering 1 E – Mixed conditional
dramas. Shall we look at the last one? to record that new series.
2 D – Mixed conditional
Asking your partner’s opinion: 2 that she definitely wouldn’t miss the final
3 A – 3rd conditional
How about you? episode. / on not missing the final
episode. 4 C – 2nd conditional
Responding to your partner’s
points: That’s fair enough, but …; I see 3 that there would be another season of 5 B – Mixed conditional
what you mean, but … that drama. / whether there would be 6 F – 3rd conditional
Staying on task: I think we need to another season of that drama.
Exercise 4
focus on the question of …; Getting back 4 giving that new series a miss. / that we
to the task … give that new series a miss. 1 hadn’t chosen
5 (that) she would definitely watch that 2 hadn’t made
Page 106 new sci-fi series on Thursday. 3 could watch
LISTENING PART 3 TRAINING 4 would stop
Exercise 3 5 didn’t always finish
Exercise 2
1 reassure customers that 6 were
Suggested answers
2 what to watch
1 No. All of the options should be logical VOCABULARY
3 asking for
and possible.
4 said to be in Exercise 1
2 a Yes, b Yes, c No
5 clarify whether 1 promote
Exercise 3 6 explained to 2 put forward
1 C 3 warn
Exercise 4
2 D 4 withdraw
1 convinced / urged / begged 5 mislead
3 B
2 admitted 6 deny
4 C
3 clarify 7 refuse
Exercise 5 4 indicated / suggested 8 appeal
A questions 1 and 4 5 asks / calls for 9 reassure
B question 3 10 release
Page 108
C question 2 11 negotiate
WRITING 12 clarify
Page 107 Exercise 2 13 claim
GRAMMAR Suggested answers 14 threaten
Exercise 1 2 H
1 They usually move back in time one 3 E Exercise 2
tense. Modal verbs often change to 4 D 1 denied
more hypothetical form (e.g. will 5 F 2 promote
becomes would). 6 J 3 claims
2 Personal pronouns and possessive 7 A 4 threatened
adjective change to match the 5 withdraw
8 C
relationship between the speaker and
9 G 6 released
the listener. Time phrases usually
10 I 7 warned
change.
8 appealed
3 If / whether
GRAMMAR
4 The expert told me that … (We need an Exercise 3
Exercise 1
object after the verb.)
1 could 1 warned the public about/against
5 Say: explain, complain, decide, insist,
2 will 2 refused to answer
suggest
3 needed 3 withdraw from
Tell: inform
4 may 4 appealing for
Both: promise, ask
6 complain + about (He complained 5 should Page 111
about the fact that he was locked out of 6 would be so kind as to
streaming service for two days.)
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
Promise + to + infinitive (They promised
Exercise 2 PART 5 TRAINING
not to tell me any spoilers for the final 1 1 = 2nd conditional; 2 = 1st conditional; Exercise 2
episode of the series.) 3 = 1st conditional; 4 = 1st conditional; 1 B
Decide + to + infinitive (We decided to 5 = 1st conditional; 6 = 2nd conditional
2 A
get a 4K TV.) 2 Sentences 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6
3 B
Insist + on (She insisted on watching 3 If needed = If it is needed
4 D
that ridiculous soap opera last night.)
Ask + about (She asked about how
much we pay for our online TV
subscription.)

ANSWER KEY 19
PUSH YOURSELF C2 4 D Exercise 8
Exercise 1 5 B 1 health and beauty advice, product
6 B reviews, travel vlogging, how-to vlogs
1 B
2 15 seconds
2 E Page 115
3 HD camera, directional microphone,
3 D
SPEAKING PARTS 3 AND 4 lighting
4 A
Exam Check 4 slow motion and high speed
5 F
1 four 5 It’s illegal to use someone else’s music
6 C without permission and your vlog is
2 15
Exercise 2 likely to be taken down.
3 five
6 You can promote each other’s vlogs
1 deemed 4 two
and gain new subscribers.
2 alleged 5 one
3 owned up 6 the same topic as PROGRESS CHECK 3
4 cheered on 7 examiner Page 118
5 go on 8 more abstract issues
Exercise 1
6 butting in 9 will
1 a loft, an attic
Exercise 3 Page 116 2 renovation, repairs
Suggested answers 3 mansion, skyscraper
REAL WORLD
1 went on 4 DIY
Exercise 1
2 is/was alleged 5 terraced, semi-detached
visual effects artist
3 own up 6 demolished, knocked down
set grip
4 are cheered on
programme researcher Exercise 2
5 butts in
location manager 1 been
6 were deemed / would have been
props manager 2 was
deemed
makeup artist 3 by
Page 112 sound engineer 4 be
EXAM FOCUS costume designer 5 had
casting director 6 is
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
7 being
PART 5 Exercise 2
8 are
Exam Check 1 Location managers
9 been
1 six 2 Visual effects artists
10 to
2 same 3 Programme researchers
3 viewpoint 4 Casting directors Exercise 3
4 purpose 5 Set grips 1 had to have
5 inferring 2 was not/wasn’t able to get
Page 117
3 might not have understood
Exam Task Exercise 3 4 should have apologised
1 A i E 5 used to see
2 C ii B 6 must have told them as
3 D iii A
4 C iv C Exercise 4
5 B v D 1 highly/well educated
6 A 2 highly/extremely ambitious
Exercise 6 3 randomly selected
Page 114 human interest 4 fully/well/keenly aware
LISTENING PART 3 conflict 5 extremely/deeply concerned
Exam Check oddity 6 conveniently located
impact 7 closely associated
1 T
2 F Exercise 7 8 actively involved
3 T 1 newsworthy; headlines Page 119
4 T 2 breaking; public imagination Exercise 5
5 F 3 scoop
1 linguistics
Exam Task 4 the inside story
2 motorist
5 happy endings
1 A 3 therapist
6 public interest
2 B 4 sexism
7 novelty value
3 A 5 atheism
8 grab
9 clickbait

20
Exercise 6 UNIT 9 6 legend
1 A Page 120 7 mythical
2 a/the 8 rituals
3 a
GRAMMAR 9 memorial
4 a
Exercise 1 10 secular
5 – Photos B and C
Exercise 2
6 a Exercise 2 1 legendary
7 a
1 similar to 2 monuments
8 –
2 the more I look, the more I see 3 commemorative
9 –
3 whereas 4 ritual
10 an
4 a little more concerned 5 myth
11 the
5 far less worried 6 sacred
12 –
6 the messier, the better 7 secular/secularised
13 –
7 the least … not as appealing as 8 procession
14 the
8 far more memorable
9 better Page 122
Exercise 7
1 appealing Exercise 3
LISTENING
2 clarify Exercise 1
1 E
3 reassure A and C. B is not true as she says they are
2 D
4 negotiating different to stories in her own country.
3 F
5 released
4 C Exercise 2
6 misleading
5 B 1 B
Exercise 8 6 A 2 D
1 Alissa told me that she had been into 3 A
Page 121
town three times this/that week. 4 C
Exercise 4
2 Zara recommended turning it off,
waiting ten seconds and turning it on 1 not as appealing as / as enthusiastically Exercise 3
again / that I turn it off, wait ten as 1 B
seconds and turn it on again. 2 the more I look, the more I see / the 2 A
3 Mr Allen complained that I was always messier, the better 3 C
late on a Monday morning / about my 3 a little more concerned / far less 4 C
lateness on Monday mornings. worried / far more memorable
4 Jonathan asked whether I was going 4 I would enjoy the second festival the Page 123
abroad on holiday this/that year. least. READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
5 My parents urged me to reapply. 5 by far the most elaborate
PART 6 TRAINING
6 Chris doubts/doubted if/whether Mrs 6 the most elaborate I have ever seen
Exercise 2
Franklin would give me a pay rise the
following/next month. Exercise 5 1 opposed to
1 Fewer people wear their countries’ 2 protecting historical objects
Exercise 9 traditional dress these days. 3 capable
1 memory 2 The greater the amount you spend, the
2 ✓ greater the number of people you can Exercise 3
3 ✓ attract to your festival. Suggested answers
4 knowledge 3 ✓ 1 He sees his role as making museums fun
5 respect 4 ✓ so more people come in and learn from
5 Large-scale weddings are not quite as them.
6 a new job / new work
popular as they used to be. 2 He believes in using technology to
Exercise 10 6 Tickets for the music festival sold out enhance everyone’s experience of the
1 D almost as quickly as last year. museum.
2 G 7 ✓ 3 However, it is important not to reduce
the authenticity of the museum.
3 F 8 The cuisine in my culture is similar to but
4 A not the same as yours. Exercise 4
5 C I’m not opposed to it […] I would definitely
6 H
VOCABULARY
agree that the role of a modern museum
Exercise 1
7 E curator is to engage young and old by
8 B 1 sacred whatever means possible.
2 processions
3 monument / memorial Exercise 5
4 ceremonial 1 A
5 commemorate 2 C
3 B

ANSWER KEY 21
Page 124 Page 126 iii Yes, I have. I was lucky enough to
attend the Venice Carnival two
VOCABULARY GRAMMAR years ago.
Exercise 1 iv Well actually, I’m hoping to go to a
Exercise 3
1 in keeping with – agreeing with or literary festival next month.
Reason: because, since, due to, as,
suitable for a particular situation
because of
2 by no means – not at all, in no way PUSH YOURSELF C2
Purpose: so that, so as to, so, in order to
3 under the impression – believe Exercise 1
Result: so, as a result, therefore, hence
something to be true, often mistakenly 1 not any richer
4 out of the ordinary – unusual Exercise 4 2 no higher than my waist
Exercise 2 1 therefore / as a result / hence 3 So important is … that
2 in order to / so as to 4 I have ever seen such a large number
1 in accordance with
3 As a result/ Because of people … as the night
2 in aid of
4 as / since / because 5 any better a view … than the locals
3 out of the question
5 therefore / hence / as a result, in order 6 as if to demonstrate
4 at short notice
to / so as to
5 on behalf of Exercise 2
6 in order to / so as to
6 at a loss 1 as if
7 in order to / so as to
2 such a … as
Exercise 3
Page 127 3 not … any
1 on behalf of
2 in aid of SPEAKING PART 1 TRAINING 4 No … than
Exercise 1 5 so … that
3 in accordance with
6 any … an … than
4 out of the question (Note that we can 1 T
also use the structure – There’s no 2 F Page 128
question of + verb + -ing.) 3 F
5 at a loss
EXAM FOCUS
4 T
6 at short notice 5 T READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
6 F PART 6
Exercise 4
7 T Exam Check
1 were under the impression that
1 F (The topic is the same across all four
2 be (planned) in accordance with Exercise 2
texts.)
3 on behalf of everyone 1 Being intelligible is what matters 2 T
4 was at a loss to most.
3 F (Each letter A–D may be chosen more
5 is out of the question 2 Your accent should not reveal where than once.)
you’re from.
4 T
WRITING PART 1 TRAINING 3 Pronunciation of individual sounds is
Exercise 1 not very important. Exam Task
1 both 4 In English, the words that carry the 1 C
2 both meaning are stressed. 2 D
3 B 5 Unintentionally stressing the wrong 3 A
4 B words can change the meaning of
4 B
a sentence.
5 A
6 In longer words, each syllable Page 129
6 B
carries the same amount of
stress.
WRITING PART 1
Page 125
7 Intonation can make you sound Exam Check
Exercise 2
enthusiastic, bored or surprised, but 1 essay
1 two can also be a source of confusion if 2 two
2 significant/important used inappropriately. 3 four
3 paragraphs 4 220
4 opinion Exercise 3
5 260
5 topic-related 1 D a past experience; iii
6 45
6 vocabulary 2 B future plans; iv
7 sentence structures 3 A hypothetical situation; i SPEAKING PART 1
8 checklist 4 C comparison/preference; ii Exam Check
9 linking words and phrases Exercise 4 1 two
10 proofread 2 The examiner
i If I had the chance, I’d definitely go
11 upgrade to Glastonbury, which is an iconic 3 don’t need to
festival held in England every 4 should
summer.
ii Well, to be honest, I’d much rather
attend a traditional festival for
several different reasons …

22
Page 130 4 basketball court Exercise 3
REAL WORLD 5 100 metres hurdles; high jump; shot put; 1 F
200 metres; long jump; javelin throw; 2 A
Exercise 2 800 metres 3 B
1 T
4 D
2 F VOCABULARY
5 E
3 F Exercise 1
6 C
4 F 1 a
5 F 2 a Page 134
6 F 3 b LISTENING PART 1 TRAINING
Exercise 3 4 b
Exercise 1
1 However 5 b
1 Students’ own answers
2 although 6 b
2 The photo shows 17-year-old Boris
3 Nevertheless Becker becoming the youngest ever
Exercise 2
4 Despite this men’s singles tennis grand slam
deepen
champion.
Page 131 widen
Exercise 4 soften Exercise 2
1 badge of honour endanger 1 A
2 preach ensure 2 C
3 disruption lengthen
enlarge Exercise 3
4 showcase
weaken 3 B
5 household names
tighten 4 C
6 drawn to
7 springing up enrich Exercise 4
8 aforementioned Page 133 1 D
Exercise 5 Exercise 3 2 B
3 C
Conversation 1 – A 1 E
4 B
Conversation 2 – A 2 D
Conversation 3 – B 3 A GRAMMAR
4 C
Exercise 6 Exercise 1
5 B
1 wristband 1 It’s a house WHICH WAS built in 1690
2 lock-ups Exercise 4 2 it was enough MONEY to build a house
3 owned the stage 1 qualification 3 as if IT WAS made entirely from cards
4 set list 2 specification 4 and its four floors REPRESENT the four
5 stage presence 3 modification suits
6 encore 4 classification 5 when it became a hotel
7 headlining 5 simplification 6 you can VISIT
8 line-up Page 135
Exercise 5
9 chart-toppers
1 qualified Exercise 2
10 running order
2 strengthening 1 D
11 sold out
3 endangering 2 A
12 a complete rip-off
4 deepen 3 B
UNIT 10 5 encircled 4 C
Page 132 6 enlargement
Exercise 3
7 lengthened
GETTING STARTED 8 tightening
1 so
Exercise 1 2 so
9 classified
Suggested answers 3 likewise
1 Roger Federer SPEAKING 4 likewise
2 golf Exercise 2 Exercise 4
3 UMPIRE: tennis; cricket; baseball. 1 F 2 and Morris hasn’t either
LINESMAN: soccer / football; rugby. 2 B
REFEREE: rugby; soccer / football; 3 and neither did Jasper
3 D 4 Such behaviour
basketball; hockey. BALLBOY: tennis.
4 A
JUDGE: figure skating, gymnastics,
diving. 5 C
6 E

ANSWER KEY 23
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH Page 138 Exercise 3
PART 2 TRAINING WRITING PART 2 TRAINING 1 touch base
Exercise 2 Exercise 2 2 below the belt
3 –
1 anything 1 what took place, a description of the
atmosphere of the event, why events like 4 jump the gun
2 for
this continue to be held 5 the ball is in their court
3 on
2 what took place – paragraphs 1 and 2; 6 –
4 such
description of the atmosphere – 7 par for the course
5 so
paragraph 3; why it continues to be 8 –
6 an
held each year – paragraph 4 9 on the home stretch
7 would
8 paid Exercise 3 Page 140
1 Have you ever
Exercise 3 EXAM FOCUS
2 you should jump at the chance
A 2, 3
3 in case you’re not familiar with it
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
B 1
4 You’d almost think PART 2
C 0, 8 Exam Check
5 It’s hardly surprising that
D 6
6 don’t just take my word for it 1 prepositions
E 4, 5
2 pronouns
F 7 GRAMMAR 3 auxiliary
G – Exercise 1 4 multi-word
Page 136 1 in spite 5 linking
2 whereas / even though / although /
VOCABULARY though Exam Task
Exercise 2 3 though 1 without
1 audience 4 However / Nevertheless / Having said 2 despite
2 viewers that 3 it
3 Spectators 5 Despite 4 as
4 witness 6 Having said that / However / 5 of
5 Fans Nevertheless / Although 6 to
6 opponents 7 although / even though / though 7 do
7 rivals 8 what
Page 139
8 opposition
9 competitors
Exercise 2 WRITING PART 2: A REVIEW
10 defeated 1 ✓ Exam Check
11 eliminated 2 in spite of the 1 B
12 dominated 3 said that, 2 D
13 outplayed 4 ✓ 3 A
5 ✓ 4 C
Exercise 3 6 Despite although / got getting
1 A 7 ✓
Page 141
2 A 8 ✓ READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
3 D PART 3
4 C PUSH YOURSELF C2 1 gangster
5 C Exercise 1 2 championships
1 golf 3 dominant
Page 137
2 boxing 4 opponents
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH 3 running races 5 comparison(s)
PART 3 TRAINING 4 baseball 6 Unsurprisingly
Exercise 2 5 horseracing 7 rivalry
1 loyalty Exercise 2 8 decisively
2 enriched
1 C LISTENING PART 1
3 supporters
2 D Exam Check
4 shameful
3 B
5 increasingly 1 F (three conversations/extracts)
4 E
6 officials 2 T
5 F
7 opposition 3 T
6 A
8 unsustainable 4 T
9 committed 5 T
10 championship
11 strengthening

24
Exam Task Exercise 3 Page 147
1 A Invaluable and progress suggest something GRAMMAR
2 B positive.
Exercise 1
3 B Daunting prospect means an intimidating
or frightening idea or proposed future 1 b
4 A
action. 2 a
5 B
3 b
6 A Exercise 4
1 a, c Exercise 2
Page 142
2 Yes 1 B
REAL WORLD 3 Student’s own answers 2 C
Exercise 3 3 A
1 vice Page 145
Exercise 3
2 forfeit a turn Exercise 5
3 mastery 1 What was lacking … (cleft sentence)
1 B
4 deceptively complex 2 Other stalls which did provide it
2 A
(auxiliary)
5 free will 3 D
4 C Exercise 4
Page 143
Suggested answers
Exercise 4 Exercise 6
1 Gone are the days of a job for life.
1 mastery 1 D
2 What I need is a job with flexible
2 forfeit a turn 2 F working hours.
3 deceptively complex 3 A 3 Your performance does need to
4 vice 4 E improve or you may be dismissed.
5 free will 5 C 4 Because there are no jobs here, I’m
6 B moving to London.
Exercise 5
1 B Page 146 VOCABULARY
2 A WRITING PART 2 TRAINING Exercise 1
3 D Exercise 1 1 a, b
4 C 1 yes 2 a, b, c
Exercise 6 2 four 3 a, c
3 senior managers 4 b, c
i Audio 4 – Rummy
4 No. There are various examples of 5 b
ii Audio 3 – The Yes and No Game
informality in the text, but you are 6 a, b
iii Audio 2 – Jockey Up
writing for senior managers, so the 7 b, c
iv Audio 1 – Dance Master register should be formal. 8 a, b
Exercise 7 Exercise 2 9 a, b, c
1 G 10 a, b
1 amazing – professional
2 C 11 a, b
2 punters – candidates
3 D 12 a, b, c
3 chat – engage
4 A 4 great – favourable Exercise 2
5 B 5 merch – merchandise 1 role / position / post
6 F 6 stuff – literature 2 career
7 H 7 freebies – giveaways 3 dismissed / sacked / fired
8 I 8 snacks – refreshments 4 recruit
9 E 9 info – information 5 superiors / supervisors
UNIT 11 Exercise 3 6 income / salary
Page 144 1 B Page 148
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH 2 A
LISTENING
PART 8 TRAINING 3 A
Exercise 1
4 A
Exercise 2 1 to tell the staff about important changes
5 B
1 C in the company
6 B
2 D 2 casual and fixed-term contract staff
3 A 3 volunteering days
4 B 4 one week (from one week to two weeks)
5 Yes. The HR manager uses lots of
signposting language to introduce the
listeners to the points she wants to
make.

ANSWER KEY 25
Exercise 2 Page 149 5 Not only is my supervisor is kind but he
1 to come to this meeting Exercise 2 is also intelligent.
2 before I get onto that 6 Only when proper training is given
1 laid off; turned up
3 on to the main business will the mistakes will stop.
2 helping out
4 I’m afraid 3 holding down Exercise 4
5 Regrettably 4 get through / carry out / sort out; stay Suggested answers
6 On the bright side behind / work on / carry on; sorted 1 No sooner was his deception uncovered
7 a few other things I need to mention out / got through; burnt out than the accountant was sacked.
8 I regret to inform you that 5 took on; cutting back 2 Only after we had collected all the
9 will be pleased to hear about 6 carrying out; ending up evidence did we inform the director.
10 Finally, I’m delighted to 3 At no time did I reveal any of the
PUSH YOURSELF C2 company’s confidential information.
Exercise 3 Exercise 1 4 Had Emma known about his past, she
1 On the bright side … ; Now, … ; 1 C wouldn’t have hired him.
Another change that many of you will 2 D 5 Little did Salman suspect that Ali had
be pleased to hear about …; Finally I used a false identity to apply for the
3 A
am delighted to be able to announce … post.
4 E
2 Regrettably … ; What this also means, 6 Not only do we have to work evenings
I’m afraid, is that … ; I regret to inform 5 G
6 J and weekends, but we are not paid
you that … overtime.
3 Right, on to the main business of today’s 7 B
meeting. 8 H Page 151
4 OK, so there are a few other things I 9 I
SPEAKING PARTS 3 AND 4
need to mention. 10 F
5 I’ve asked you to come to this meeting
TRAINING
because … Exercise 2 Exercise 2
6 But before I get onto that, … 1 toe the line 1 Students’ own answers
2 along … lines 2 working for the government, volunteer
Exercise 5 3 The bottom line work
1 I’m so sorry to have to tell you this but, 4 out of line 3 Yes. All opinions are explained to some
we’re going to have to let you go. 5 read between the lines extent.
2 It gives me no pleasure to inform you 6 on the line
that the management have decided to Exercise 3
7 line of reasoning
close your department. 1 come straight out and say
8 draw the line
3 I’m immensely proud to announce that 2 The bottom line is that
9 takes a tough line
your team has topped the sales charts 3 The most obvious advantage is
for the whole region. 10 on the front line
4 sitting on the fence
4 You may be surprised to hear that Peter Page 150 5 For me personally
is taking early retirement. 6 Nevertheless, to my mind
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY 7 After all
Exercise 1
Exercise 1 1 Yes Exercise 4
1 maintain, continue with 2 1b, 2b working for the government and working
2 assume control of, replace 3 Not only, but … also; At no time did I for a private company
3 reduce 4 They use similar word order to a
question. Exercise 5
4 stop employing someone because of
financial situation or lack of work 1 I think we can agree that …
Exercise 2 2 see eye to eye on
5 employ
6 arrive 1 a 3 I’m very much in favour of
7 damage through overworking or 2 b 4 the disadvantages far outweigh the
overusing 3 b advantages
8 perform, do 4 a 5 let’s not forget that
9 result in, be the end result of a situation 6 wouldn’t you say?
Exercise 3
10 solve, resolve Page 152
1 At any no time did I neglect my duty.
11 help, do someone else’s work
2 No sooner had Kathy had given in her EXAM FOCUS
12 not leave resignation than she booked her flight
13 continue working to America. WRITING PART 2: A REPORT
14 succeed, survive, finish 3 Little did I know knew that Lucia was Exam Check
15 disappoint by not doing what you were after my job. 1 F (often but not always – it could be for
supposed to 4 Hadn’t I Had I not missed the peers, such as classmates or work
16 continue deadline, I might have got an interview. colleagues)
2 T
3 T
4 T

26
 READING AND USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 5 Exercise 4
PART 8 1 Could I start by taking your details? 1 At no time did the manager say there
2 What’s the best way for us to get in would be redundancies.
Exam Check
touch with you (Martin)? 2 Where the company went wrong was
1 T by not admitting they were wrong at the
3 Are you entitled to work in the UK?
2 T time of the accident.
4 Is there a notice period for your current
3 T position? 3 Not only do children in Western
4 F 5 Are you looking for a job in a countries get presents on their
particular field? birthdays, but they also get them at
Page 153 Christmas.
6 Would you be interested in office work?
Exam Task 4 Only when penalties are harsh enough
7 Would you be willing to relocate?
1 C will match fixing end.
8 Would you be open to any of those
2 E options? 5 No sooner had I finished the project
3 B than my boss gave me another one to
9 Are you in possession of a valid UK
4 D do.
driving license?
5 F 6 Had our team trained harder, we could
10 Are you able to supply references from
have won the match.
6 E previous employers?
7 A Page 157
Exercise 7
8 C Exercise 5
9 D 1 197 million
2 £350 1 I still have some annual leave to
10 E take – I’d prefer to take it in the
3 44
Page 154 summer.
4 two hours per day
2 I’m so happy – my boss promised to
REAL WORLD 5 28
raise/increase my salary in the new
Exercise 1 6 27% year.
7 Job seekers allowance (JSA) 3 correct
1 oriented
8 Gender 4 Rupert has been fired/dismissed/
2 desirable
3 commission sacked/let go for being late three
PROGRESS CHECK 4 days in a row.
4 scheme
Page 156 5 correct
5 player
Exercise 1 6 At work we have a party every year for
6 people
2 despite, in spite all the personnel/staff
7 bonus(es)
3 Although (members).
8 discount
4 Due to 7 After Illiana’s dismissal from her post
Exercise 2 as team leader, the rest of the staff have
5 As, Since, Because
been working harder.
B 6 nonetheless, nevertheless
8 The management hired/took on/
7 Consequently, As a result
Page 155 recruited staff because they had extra
Exercise 2 work.
Exercise 3
1 no 1 secular Exercise 6
2 no 2 commemorate 2 more
3 yes 3 mythical 3 Fewer
4 yes 4 sacred 4 greater/bigger
5 don’t know 5 procession 5 far
6 yes 6 rituals 6 as
7 no 7 best
Exercise 3
8 don’t know 8 whole
1 Are you planning to go to university or
are you planning to get a job? 9 less
Exercise 4
2 My parents are from New York and I 10 the
1 Martin Aguero
was born in New York there.
2 47 Racecourse Avenue, Arundel Exercise 7
3 Cricket is a sport that was invented in
3 martin1995@mailhot.com 1 Unfortunately, a refund is out of the
England in the late 16th century.
4 07952 823554 question.
4 A: I’ve decided to move to the
5 Yes 2 I’m sorry to cancel at such short notice.
countryside.
6 N/A 3 Sally was at a loss to understand
B: What do you want to move to the
7 Degree in languages, postgrad diploma Enrique’s motives.
countryside for?
in translation 4 We were under the impression that all
5 A: I’m going to get a soy latte.
8 Yes expenses would be paid.
B: Get me a soy latte one too.
9 No 5 The hotel discarded the furniture which
6 A: I’m having some cake with it.
10 Yes was not in keeping with its new image.
B: OK, get me some cake too.
6 Jan was by no means the only one who
arrived late.

ANSWER KEY 27
Exercise 8 LISTENING PART 2 TRAINING 5 Having tried to grasp his theories
1 through to several times, I gave up …
Exercise 1
2 out 6 Not having studied / Having not
1 two minutes
3 off studied …
2 six
4 down Page 161
5 up Exercise 2
6 up 1 above average
WRITING PART 2 TRAINING
7 over 2 lazy thinking Exercise 2
8 down 3 everyday situations 1 give reasons why you are not satisfied
9 on 4 motivated reasoning with the product and explain what you
would like the shop manager to do.
5 climate change
Exercise 9 2 shop manager; formal register
6 into debt
1 witnessed 7 slow down Exercise 3
2 eliminated
Exercise 3 1 with regard to
3 correct
2 words to that effect
4 dominated 1 B
3 I am sure you can imagine my
5 defeated 2 C
disappointment
6 rival 6 A
4 requires assembly
7 spectator
Page 160 5 been of use
8 fan
6 none was provided
GRAMMAR
UNIT 12 7 a considerable amount
Exercise 1
Page 158 8 as a result
1 D
9 To make matters worse,
GETTING STARTED 2 E
10 is unacceptable
Exercise 1 3 C
11 provided that
1 F Exercise 2 12 receive a full refund
2 F 13 Yours faithfully
dreams were believed to predict your
3 T future
4 T
Exercise 4
dreams are fascinating to analyse in their
5 F 1 F
own right.
6 T 2 I
Our primary aim is to help people sleep
better 3 F
VOCABULARY that’s when dreaming is known to occur. 4 I
Exercise 1 that’s not a sufficiently robust technique to 5 F
1 F obtain solid data. 6 F
2 A It’s much more reliable to use the 7 I
3 B technology
Page 162
4 C in order for us to analyse brain activity.
One thing it’s been possible to observe is VOCABULARY
Page 159 that Exercise 1
Exercise 2 this makes it more likely for them to dream 1 astonished / speechless
A envisage about it at night. 2 overwhelmed / hysterical / thrilled
B grasp 3 not bothered
Exercise 3
C embrace 4 concerned / discouraged
1 A, E
D unwind 5 reluctant / humiliated
2 D
E dread
3 A, E Exercise 2
F evaluate
4 C 1 concerned / astonished / discouraged
G reflect; contemplate
5 B 2 reluctant
H tackle
6 A, B 3 appreciative
I daydream
7 F 4 overwhelmed / discouraged
Exercise 3 5 devastated / hysterical
Exercise 4
1 embrace
1 (being) tired from lack of sleep, … READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
2 grasp
2 Believing she was more intelligent than
3 gather
him, she was surprised …
PART 7 TRAINING
4 tackle Exercise 2
3 Feeling quite pleased with herself for
having solved the crossword, she 1 B
Exercise 4
decided to … 2 F
1 B
4 If asked for my opinion, / Asked for my 3 A
2 A
opinion, … 4 E
3 A
5 C

28
Page 164 3 the speed of the child’s reaction Exercise 3
PUSH YOURSELF C2 4 a quicker selection of the correct picture 1 C
5 a child’s ability to process language 2 F
Exercise 1
6 a child’s readiness for school 3 E
1 F
4 D
2 D Page 166
5 A
3 E
EXAM FOCUS 6 B
4 C
5 G
LISTENING PART 2
Page 171
6 B Exam Check
Exercise 4
7 A 1 monologue
1 A
8 H 2 eight independent gapped sentences
2 C
3 a word or short phrase
Exercise 2 3 D
4 one mark
1 (we) didn’t think much of 4 E
5 will
2 thinks back 5 B
6 either British English or American
3 think twice about English spelling Exercise 5
4 highly thought of
Exam Task bottling things up – repress emotions
5 spare a thought for instead of expressing them
6 come to think of it 1 (real) participants
voice their feelings – express how you feel
7 think on his feet 2 relief
confronted with a challenge – face a
8 train of thought 3 better informed
difficult problem or task
4 peculiar
lose sleep over – be unable to sleep due to
SPEAKING 5 group size
worry
Exercise 1 6 allies
taken on too much – accept too many jobs
1 earlids 7 (male) students or responsibility
2 ear muffs or ear plugs 8 obedience
Exercise 6
3 mute button on TV; silent mode of Page 167
mobile phones; taxi app where you can 1 Speaker 1 – advice on a work issue;
mute the driver WRITING PART 2 Speaker 2 – help with managing
Exam Check workload; Speaker 3 – advice on a
Exercise 2 relationship issue
1 T
1 2F
2 F Exercise 7
2 6G
3 F 1 C
3 7F
4 F 2 A
4 8I
5 T 3 B
5 9E
6 5F Page 168 Exercise 8
7 3E READING AND USE OF ENGLISH A She likes to push THROW her
8 4G weight around.
PART 7
9 1F B It makes my water BLOOD boil.
Exam Check
10 10 G C I think you are going to have to face
1 pronouns, possessives and determiners over UP to the fact.
Page 165 2 linkers of cause and effect, contrast, D It’s reaching GETTING on top of
GRAMMAR addition me.
3 phrases of repetition or exemplification E Counselling might point me in the
Exercise 1
4 time and sequence phrases right way DIRECTION.
2 deterioration
3 transformation Exam Task F You need to have time out and let out
OFF steam.
4 explanation; disappearance 1 B
G You’ve got to take time to have GIVE
2 F yourself a breather.
Exercise 2
3 G H I should be over the stars MOON
1 a substantial rise in
4 A about it.
2 a rejection of the aesthetic values
5 D I I’m glad you’ve taken the decision to
3 impression from; affection for
6 C stretch REACH out to me.
4 an investigation into the
disappearance of J It’s got to be a decision you take in your
Page 170
own time, and not with UNDER
5 response we have received to our
request for
REAL WORLD duress.
Exercise 2
Exercise 4 Avoid (unnecessary stress); Alter (the
1 a child’s communication skills situation); Accept (the things you can’t
2 the amount of contact between a child change); Adapt (to the stressor)
and their parents

ANSWER KEY 29
Exercise 9 Exercise 3 Exercise 4
1 C A 0, 2, 6, 1 I wasn’t sure we’d make it out of there
2 A B 1, 4, 8 alive.
3 H C 3, 5 2 Watch it! You’re sitting on my glasses.
4 G D 7 3 There must be something we can do.
5 B E N/A 4 Ivor seems a bit out of it today.
6 J 5 It gets dark much earlier in winter.
Exercise 4 6 There’s no hope of things improving.
7 E
8 I 1 idioms and fixed phrases 7 It was assumed that we could afford it.
9 D 2 collocations (adjective + preposition) 8 Is there any way you can be persuaded
10 F 3 verbs / collocations (verb + preposition) to take the job?
4 collocations (adverb + adjective)
Exercise 5
UNIT 13 5 linking words and phrases
Page 172 1 out of it
Page 174 2 make it out
VOCABULARY WRITING PART 1 TRAINING 3 Is there any way?
Exercise 1 4 There must be something we can do.
Exercise 1
Speaker 1: 1 drive irresponsibly 5 It gets dark.
A No
Speaker 2: 5 invest money in the stock 6 It was assumed.
B Yes
market 7 There’s no hope.
C No
Speaker 3: 3 take up extreme sports 8 watch it
D Yes
Speaker 4: 8 marry somebody you have
just met Exercise 2 Page 176

Exercise 2 1 B LISTENING PART 4 TRAINING

1 in hot water 2 F Exercise 2
2 reckless 3 C 1 G
3 in trouble with; in danger of 4 A 2 C
4 expose 5 E 3 A
5 worth 6 D 4 B
6 misfortune to 5 F
Page 175
7 threatened to 6 D
8 in jeopardy
GRAMMAR 7 H
Exercise 1 8 E
9 precautions
10 double checked 1 There
Exercise 4
11 at stake; to chance 2 It
Speaker 1 – 4, E
12 your heart; the plunge Exercise 2 Speaker 2 – 3, B
Page 173 1 it (object) Speaker 3 – 1, D
Exercise 3 2 it (object) Speaker 4 – 5, A
3 There/It Speaker 5 – 6, H
1 i
4 It
2 d Page 177
5 There
3 e
6 it (object) VOCABULARY
4 b
7 There Exercise 1
5 f
8 There 1 burning
6 h
9 It 2 utmost
7 c
10 There 3 ultimate
8 a
9 g 4 crowning
Exercise 3
5 overwhelming
1 F
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH 6 false
2 C
PART 1 TRAINING 3 G
7 vain
Exercise 2 8 pointless
4 J
1 A conventional 5 I Exercise 2
2 B worlds 6 A 1 false
3 D draw 7 H 2 overwhelming
4 A knowledge 8 E 3 burning
5 A disapprove 9 D 4 ultimate
6 A short 10 B 5 utmost
7 B concedes 6 crowning
8 A strike 7 pointless
8 vain

30
Exercise 3 at stake. 3 You will hear all five monologues in
1 pointless 6 Michael and I both write blogs but his sequence before hearing them again.
2 false one attracts/ones attract more 4 The questions are the same for all
3 crowning readers than mine. speakers.
4 ultimate 5 ✓
Exercise 4
5 utmost 6 ✓
1 Whenever/Wherever
6 burning 2 whatever Exam Task
7 vain 3 Whichever 1 E
8 overwhelming 4 wherever 2 A
Page 178 5 whoever 3 C
6 Whichever/Whatever 4 F
SPEAKING 5 H
Exercise 3 PUSH YOURSELF C2 6 B
Version 2. The first version is too quick and Exercise 1 7 F
the speaker doesn’t use pauses to break up 1 J 8 G
her sentences.
2 A 9 H
Exercise 5 3 H 10 C
Each of these situations / calls for different 4 G
5 C Page 182
precautions. // At the tourist destination, /
I’d recommend wearing a money belt 6 F REAL WORLD
under your clothes / in order to make it 7 B Exercises 1 & 2
difficult for thieves to access your 8 E 1 hang gliding 560
valuables. // On a building site / you are 9 I 2 snowboarding 2.2 million
actually required by law / to take
10 D 3 cycling 140,845
precautions, / such as wearing a safety
helmet / in case of falling objects / or Exercise 2 4 bungee jumping 500,000
fluorescent jackets / so that you can be 5 mountain climbing 1,750
1 in the nick of time
clearly seen. // Also, / you probably have 6 sky diving 101,083
2 time on my hands
to do some kind of health and safety 7 swimming 1,000,000
training / so that you’re aware of the 3 caught me at a bad time
8 scuba diving 34,400
hazards / and how to avoid them. 4 behind the times
5 the time of my life Page 183
GRAMMAR 6 ahead of his time Exercise 5
Exercise 1
Page 180 1 go out the window
1 ours/mine 2 prevalent
2 ones EXAM FOCUS
3 intrusion
3 his READING AND USE OF ENGLISH 4 scammers
4 one PART 1 5 ulterior motive
Page 179 Exam Check 6 sentimental value
1 A 7 mentality
Exercise 2
2 A 8 give it a miss
1 this year’s one was not.
3 D – You don’t lose marks for an 9 hygienic
2 one who leads a nomadic life
incorrect answer. 10 detract from
3 but good vegan ones are much harder
4 A
to find. Exercise 7
5 D – Write the letter on the answer sheet.
4 it’s the quiet ones you need to keep an Speaker 1 – hang gliding
eye on. Exam Task Speaker 2 – scuba diving
Exercise 3 1 C
Exercise 8
1 Buying an electric car is one of the best 2 B
3 B 1 a good idea
ways to live more responsibly.
4 D 2 Never neglect
2 The apartments are all stunning but I
5 A 3 take the time to
really love the one with the sea view.
6 D 4 Don’t stint
3 Both Wendy and I live in caravans but
her one is in better condition than 7 C 5 at all costs
mine. 8 B 6 Never underestimate
4 Your idea of following your heart differs 7 fool-proof way
greatly from the mine. Page 181 8 it is your job to
5 Don’t leave it to chance with insurance – 9 should ensure
you should buy the one with the best LISTENING PART 4 10 vital
medical coverage – it’s your life that is Exam Check
1 five different speakers
2 about 30 seconds

ANSWER KEY 31
UNIT 14 So here are some tips. 3 Picture 1 Question 1A
Page 184 1 Aim for total darkness. Any form of 4 Picture 1 Question 2A
light such as a TV standby light affects 5 Picture 2 Question 1B
GETTING STARTED your body clock even if your eyes are
Exercise 2 closed. Exercise 3
1 fact 2 Don’t boxset-binge. Screen time just 1 tell
2 myth before bed disrupts the body’s rhythms, 2 might
making it harder for you to sleep. 3 entirely; guess
3 fact
3 Ditch the weekend lie-in. Tempting as it 4 may
4 myth
is, sleeping in late on Saturday doesn’t 5 Judging; fairly sure
5 myth
actually make up for the sleep you lost
6 fact 6 impression
during the week, so try not to.
7 fact 7 imagine
Page 186 8 suggests; likelihood
LISTENING VOCABULARY 9 as if; suppose
Exercise 2
Exercise 1 Page 188
1 b
1 poor
2 a VOCABULARY
2 poorly
3 b Exercise 1
3 nutritious
1 a
Page 185 4 nutritional
2 c
Exercise 3 5 obese
3 c
6 obesity
1 a 4 a
7 poisonous
2 b 5 b
8 poisoned
3 b 6 a
9 allergies
7 b
GRAMMAR 10 allergens
Exercise 1 11 surgeon Exercise 2
1 b 12 surgery 1 E
2 b Exercise 2 2 B
3 b 3 G
nutrition (n), nutrient (n)
4 b 4 H
No more words for obese/obesity
5 a 5 A
poison (v), poison (n), poisoner (n)
6 a 6 C
allergic (adj), allergenic (adj), allergy (n)
7 b 7 D
surgical (adj), surgically (adv)
8 b 8 F
9 b Exercise 3
Exercise 3
10 b 1 expectancy
1 lose your appetite
2 depression
Exercise 2 2 body clock
3 physically
Imagine how you’d feel if there was a 3 life-threatening
4 injuries
treatment available which could make you 4 sore throat / runny nose (in either
5 nutritious
more attractive, enhance your memory, order)
protect you from cancer and dementia, 6 dehydrated
5 blood pressure
lower your risk of strokes and heart attacks 7 ageing / aging 6 balanced diet
and make you feel happier and less 8 infection
anxious. Well, although that might 9 poorly PUSH YOURSELF C2
sound too good to be true, such a 10 surgery Exercise 1
treatment, believe it or not, does exist. And
it’s free. It’s called sleep. Page 187 1 Anita’s grandmother was rushed into
hospital.
Or, to put it another way: sleeping less SPEAKING PART 2 TRAINING
than eight hours a night makes you 2 sore throat, stiff joints, loss of appetite,
Exercise 1 dehydration
vulnerable to a range of illnesses from
diabetes to Alzheimer’s. Not only can a 1 1A what the people might be checking 3 She’s OK.
lack of sleep reduce your fertility, but it can 2A how useful the information might be 4 Adversely; she’s been less active.
also increase your chances of dying in a 2 Who do you think needs to check the 5 Her grandmother is likely to be
car accident, make you hungrier and less information most carefully? discharged.
intelligent. 3 Suggested answer: No, not 100%.
If you find yourself waking up and feeling This means that candidates need to Exercise 2
groggy, you are not alone. Even if you speculate in their answers. 1 under
have had enough sleep, you may still be 2 turn … worse
feeling below par. And that’s because the Exercise 2
3 death’s; kicking
quality of sleep is just as important as the 1 Picture 3 Question 1A
4 kick; pill … swallow
quantity. 2 Picture 2 Question 1A
5 taste … medicine
6 mend

32
Exercise 3 10 how Page 193
Suggested answers 11 other READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
1 sick, unwell 12 if
PART 4
2 worsened, deteriorated
Page 191 Exam Check
3 almost dead; alive and healthy
WRITING PART 2 TRAINING 1 ✓
4 break the addiction; a very difficult
thing to accept Exercise 2 2 ✓
5 get the same bad treatment that a 3 The gap in the second sentence requires
1 As you may recall
person has been giving to others between three and six words.
2 Accordingly
6 getting better, recovering 4 ✓
3 as far as I am concerned
5 The key word must not be
Page 189 4 Not only changed.
5 including but not limited to 6 Each question is worth two marks …
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH 6 on the contrary 7 If you use a contraction (e.g. don’t), it
PART 4 TRAINING 7 especially in the case of counts as two words.
Exercise 1 8 In order for
1 G 9 It would be appreciated if Exam Task
2 F 10 if all goes well 1 believe it when I was told
3 A 2 event of the concert being called
Exercise 3 3 without saying (that) I shouldn’t/should
4 H
5 C 1 as far as I am concerned not
6 E 2 It would be appreciated if 4 make it clear whether or
7 D 3 including but not limited to 5 hadn’t been for
8 J 4 on the contrary 6 having my tooth taken out/extracted by
9 I 5 in order for
6 as you may recall Page 194
10 B
7 accordingly REAL WORLD
Exercise 2 Exercise 1
Exercise 4
1 is said (that) there is no 1 cheese – D
2 which led to us missing/our missing 1 am concerned; would need to be
allocated; would need to be reserved; 2 lobster – A
3 is none of your business what 3 rhubarb – B
would be appreciated
4 like as sick as I was 4 mushrooms – E
2 Not only is it close
5 can be put in jeopardy 5 pistachios – C
3 making it easily accessible
6 had never occurred to me before
4 It would be appreciated if someone Page 195
7 has fallen dramatically for/in from the Business Management Team
8 sooner was his condition diagnosed could be engaged to discuss this with Exercise 5
9 highly unlikely she will be discharged the hotel 1 contrary to
10 have had little effect on 5 who choose to continue the activities in 2 counterparts
the future 3 is rich in
Page 190
6 which I would like to organise; which I 4 in the mood for
GRAMMAR believe is in the interests of the whole 5 spring to mind
Exercise 1 workforce 6 at the forefront of
1 B Page 192 Exercise 8
2 C
3 A
EXAM FOCUS 1 It’s a traditional meat dish – a kind of
SPEAKING PART 2 casserole – that is a contender for
Exercise 2 being Poland’s national dish.
Exam Check
Speaker 1 – as, one, if, as, what, each/ 2 cabbage
1 true
every 3 hunter’s stew
2 false
Speaker 2 – done; each/both; which; nor; 4 venison
3 true
what 5 diced cubes
4 true
Speaker 3 – did, there, as, it, may/might/ 6 Add garlic and bay leaves; leave the
will; been 5 true finished stew for a few days before
6 false eating.
Exercise 3
1 for WRITING PART 2 Exercise 9
2 all Exam Check 1 rinsing; boil; strain, put aside
3 one / a / your 1 Reports and proposals are similar in 2 dice, melt, fry, sliced, season, bring out,
4 at style. However, the primary purpose of add, stir
5 is a proposal is to persuade the reader of 3 bring it to the boil; turn down, simmer
a course of action. 4 dip, soaks up
6 it
2 yes
7 which
3 all
8 what
9 every / each

ANSWER KEY 33
PROGRESS CHECK 5 Exercise 8 7 I was wondering if you managed to get
1 pressure tickets for the concert?
Page 196
2 threatening 8 You’ve never canoed in rapids, have
Exercise 1 you?
3 runny; joints
1 envisage
4 obesity; balanced Page 201
2 tackling
5 surgeon; discharge
3 unwind
6 allergic; poisoning
VERB PATTERNS (1) –
4 grasp GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
5 embrace GRAMMAR REFERENCE Exercise 1
6 dread Page 198 1 He decided to go on an all-inclusive
7 daydreaming package holiday to Turkey.
8 evaluate
STARTER
2 Can I remind you not to interrupt the
PAST AND PERFECT TENSES speaker during her presentation.
Exercise 2
REVIEW 3 I can’t stop to buying clothes. I’m a
1 having lived
Exercise 1 shopaholic.
2 compiling
1 had been copying 4 ✓
3 mingling
2 had been staying 5 If you forget to have your car serviced
4 Having traced regularly, you could end up having an
3 had forgotten
5 to label accident.
4 Have you been doing
6 viewing 6 I clearly remember to watch
5 have been repairing
watching my first ever live concert
Exercise 3 6 had been driving
when I was 12.
1 decision 7 have gone
7 My younger brother had enormous
2 investigation difficulty to learning how to ride a
Page 199
3 Construction bicycle without stabilisers.
4 explanation FUTURE TENSES 8 To Abseiling is not in the least bit
5 analysis Exercise 1 dangerous if you have the correct
6 transformation 1 departs equipment and a good instructor.
2 are having
Exercise 4 Exercise 2
3 is participating
1 B 1 D
4 starts
2 F 2 C
5 finish
3 D 3 B
4 E Exercise 2 4 F
5 A 1 Will Shall I go and see what caused 5 E
6 C it? 6 A
2 I’m confident that we will meet up 7 G
Page 197 again in the near future. 8 H
Exercise 5 3 Shall Will you always love me even
when I’m old and grey? Page 202
below under threat
reckless with of you 4 B: No problem. I will get a pan and UNIT 2
brush to sweep up the pieces.
ourselves at to some danger DETERMINERS AND
threat by from supposedly 5 ✓
6 ✓
QUANTIFIERS
being at in serious danger Exercise 1
Exercise 6 Page 200 1 little
1 pointless UNIT 1 2 both; neither
3 a great deal
2 utmost QUESTION FORMS
3 burning 4 none
Exercise 1
4 false 5 all
1 I was wondering whether they’re over
5 overwhelming 6 Neither
eighteen or not.
Exercise 7 2 You should always carry some form of Page 203
ID with you, shouldn’t you?
1 There
3 Could you please inform the office that
ADVERB MODIFIERS
2 it Exercise 1
you will be absent tomorrow?
3 There 1 completely/totally
4 Going backpacking alone can be
4 it dangerous, can’t it? 2 slightly
5 it 5 Would you mind emailing me to say 3 far
6 It when you expect to get here? 4 easily
7 there 6 There weren’t many spectators in the 5 little
8 it ground, were there? 6 totally/slightly

34
Exercise 2 8 are not to turn over 5 imperative
1 definitely 9 to be announced You must ensure that the brakes and
2 absolutely 10 are to get airbags are functioning one hundred
3 fairly; slightly/a little percent.
Page 207 6 obligation
4 easily; much
5 Unsurprisingly; pretty VERB PATTERNS (3) – MULTI- I don’t have to replace the dress
because it is obvious that you have
WORD VERBS
Page 204 already worn it.
Exercise 1
UNIT 3 1 She can’t get over her fear of heights Exercise 2
CONDITIONALS (1) over. 1 as
Exercise 1 2 ✓ 2 allowed / permitted
1 will/might/could get 3 They caught up with the rest of the 3 unable
team up with. 4 would
2 don’t drink
4 ✓ 5 better
3 take / can take; will call
5 Many supermarkets have done away
4 had; would not be Page 210
with plastic bags with.
5 train; will/should attain
6 ✓ UNIT 6
6 have
7 The government believes it can sort out
7 would have been ruined the environmental problems which led
THE PASSIVE
8 wouldn’t have got; had applied to the minister’s resignation out. Exercise 1
8 ✓ 1 were taken from his flat (by burglars).
Page 205
9 By 2050, we will probably have run out 2 should be settled by the insurance
VERB PATTERNS (2) – OBJECTS, of North Sea gas of. company.
REFLEXIVES AND RECIPROCALS 10 ✓ 3 could have been sold on eBay for a
Exercise 1 fortune.
Page 208 4 have/get my hair cut by the hairdresser
1 I’ve just bought a top of the range
iPhone for my gran. UNIT 5 in the High Street.
5 can be seen at the big auction house in
2 I lent my new glass fibre racquet to my RELATIVE CLAUSES London this week.
tennis partner and she accidently Exercise 1
smashed it! 6 to be respected more / to be more
1 which respected (by his friends) after he won
3 They offered a massive increase in
salary to us all, in recognition of our 2 where / in which the competition.
contribution to the company. 3 why
Page 211
4 I ordered the up-market presentation set 4 who
of ‘Horrible History’ for my children. 5 whom MODALS (2)
5 He got a ‘genuine’ fake designer 6 whose; where Exercise 1
handbag for his wife on her birthday. 1 You should speak have spoken to
Exercise 2
the cabin crew if you had wanted to
Exercise 2 1 some of whom change seats.
1 herself 2 both of which 2 You mustn’t have gone needn’t have
2 yourself 3 most of which gone / didn’t need to go to the
3 ourselves 4 one of whom supermarket this morning because I did
4 each other / one another 5 many of whom the shopping yesterday.
5 each other / one another 3 ✓
Page 209 4 ✓
6 themselves
MODALS (1) 5 He had been waiting for hours for the
Page 206 foodbank to open. He must have been
Exercise 1
UNIT 4 starving.
1 capable
6 I would used to work for a steel
FUTURE CONTINUOUS, PERFECT, This robotic machinery can produce a
company, but I changed jobs last year.
PERFECT CONTINUOUS AND BE wide range of spare parts.
7 I was locked out of my house but luckily
2 necessary
+ TO + INFINITIVE I could was able to climb in through
This air conditioning system is very an open window.
Exercise 1
sophisticated, so you don’t need to
1 be sipping 8 She didn’t need needn’t have
adjust the settings manually.
bought / didn’t need to buy
2 be attending 3 responsible tickets for the show as I had already got
3 be relaxing I have to keep our company’s social some.
4 have had media channels active.
5 have finished 4 mandatory
6 will have retired We needn’t give you a refund because
7 have gained you purchased the item at a discount in
a sale.

ANSWER KEY 35
Page 212 Page 214 3 The long Ionger I live in this city, the
more I love it.
UNIT 7 UNIT 8
4 If you need advice about diet, Ignacio is
ARTICLES REPORTED SPEECH probably the best person to speak to.
Exercise 1 Exercise 1 5 The neighbour’s dog seems quite
1 An electric car is considerably better for 1 that he hadn’t finished / not having aggressive at first but he is much more
the environment than diesel cars. finished his essay on the British Empire. friendly friendlier than he first
2 I have always wanted to be an 2 she would / to contact me again after appears.
engineer, but I never went to the she had paid.
Page 217
university. 3 (me) that I had to concentrate much
3 It is true that the children spend too more if I wanted to pass. REASON, PURPOSE AND
much time on the computer. 4 (to me) that I mustn’t miss my driving RESULT
4 I waited patiently for over an hour and lesson again or she/he/they would Exercise 1
a half. have to charge me the full price.
1 because
5 He has perfected an unusual way of 5 when I normally put the rubbish out.
2 Since
memorising irregular verbs. It is quite a 6 (me) what time he needed to get to the
unique method. 3 Because of
studio the following day.
6 Most people don’t achieve the success 4 so that
without making an enormous effort. Page 215 5 Due to
CONDITIONALS (2) 6 in order to
Exercise 2 7 so
Exercise 1
1 Can you buy (some) bread and milk 8 ✓
from the shop next to the station? 1 ✓
9 as
2 I think we should all try to save the 2 If you would be as kind so so kind as
10 ✓
planet and make life better for future to provide some information about your
generations. family, I’ll start the research into your Page 218
3 I spend a lot of time looking at the sea family tree.
3 If they might continue to experience UNIT 10
from the balcony of the hotel where I’m
staying. difficulties understanding the manual in SUBSTITUTION AND ELLIPSIS
4 (The) Germans are well-known for the English, we’ll have it translated into their Exercise 1
high quality of their football teams. own language.
1 We camped near a Roman fortification,
5 The cheapest ferry trip in the world is 4 If needed, we ’ll/’d/can arrange for
which was built in the third century AD.
from Staten Island to Manhattan. It’s you to have an entirely vegan menu.
2 We visited several art galleries and our
free! 5 If he hasn’t hadn’t made a mistake in
friends visited a Gothic cathedral.
6 He attends the/a school which is the penultimate section of the exam, he
3 Our guests are arriving sometime
located near the new football ground would have the best grades in the class.
before dinner, but I don’t know exactly
on the other side of town. 6 If I hadn’t been following the alternative
when they are arriving.
route on my SATNAV, I’ll I’d still be
4 I could scale rock faces when
Page 213 stuck in a traffic jam on the M25.
blindfolded when I was at uni, but
COUNTABLE AND Exercise 2 nobody else in the mountaineering club
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS 1 had known
could scale rock faces when blindfolded.
Exercise 1 5 A: I watched a fascinating documentary
2 would have been electrocuted
last night.
1 The behaviour of the tourists was 3 wouldn’t/would not have wilted
B: What was it about?
disrespectful of the local culture. 4 had/’d gone
6 A: It wasn’t easy, but we finally
2 She had some memorable 5 would have been
managed to remove the graffiti from
experiences during her gap year in
Page 216 the front door.
the USA.
B: What did you remove the graffiti
3 There wasn’t a (any) room in the tiny UNIT 9 from the front door with? / What did
removal van for all his furniture.
4 He did not choose to accept the
COMPARISON you remove it with?
Exercise 1 7 A: I was planning to go for a short city
advice from his tutor.
break next month.
5 BBC News has a world-wide 1 as
B: Where are you planning to go to?
reputation for unbiased reporting. 2 than
6 ✓ 3 a lot Exercise 2
4 most 1 so (too)
Exercise 2
5 the more 2 so also
1 meat 6 by far 3 nor
2 help; an
Exercise 2 4 such
3 glass; paper
5 no such
4 good 1 I’d say that this laptop is by far the
5 damage better best one we’ve looked at so far.
6 equipment; the Andes 2 The thing about Julie is that she is not as
athletic than as she thinks she is.

36
Page 219 Exercise 2 Exercise 2
CONTRAST AND CONCESSION 1 … the model plane we can can we 1 The rapid increase in burglary was
test fly it. becoming a concern for the police.
Exercise 1
2 Not only he remembered did he 2 This government report gives a detailed
1 though remember to send emails … analysis of the problem of climate
2 nevertheless 3 He is not only a fantastic batsman, but change.
3 whereas he is also is a great bowler. 3 The company chairman did not provide
4 on the other hand 4 At no time he did did he admit he … a full explanation of his relationship
5 ✓ with the former head of the CIA.
Exercise 2
6 Had I known would there there 4 Our society’s debate concerned the
1 On the other one hand but on the one issue of capital punishment.
would be so few people …
other hand …
7 … to the directions I had had I known Page 224
2 Even although though it was a …
that …
3 ✓ UNIT 13
4 In spite of the high temperature … Page 222
PRONOUNS (1) – IT AND THERE
5 ✓ UNIT 12
6 ✓
CLAUSES
PARTICIPLE AND TO + Exercise 1
Page 220 INFINITIVE CLAUSES 1 It’s There are over twenty English
UNIT 11 Exercise 1 workers employed in that German
1 She is believed to be living incognito in factory.
EMPHASIS (1) 2 There’s It’s important to wear a hard
Bolivia.
Exercise 1 hat in the construction industry.
2 ✓
1 At the back of the hall stood a few 3 ✓
3 I was so sorry to hear the news about
students chatting. 4 I’d appreciate it if you’d go to the
the explosion at the chemicals factory.
2 The steak tartar was delicious. But even corner shop and get me some milk.
4 ✓
more delicious was the cheese board. 5 ✓
5 He crossed the busy road, angrily
3 He ordered a bottle of juice and a glass 6 You owe there it to yourself to live your
muttering to himself.
of sparkling water. The sparkling water life to the full.
he gulped down in one go. Exercise 2
4 That she had been jogging was self- Page 225
1 more useful
evident. PRONOUNS (2)
2 to consider
5 Meticulously, he repaired the stitching
3 waving Exercise 1
on his shirt.
4 feeding 1 theirs
6 In front of me crouched a rabid dog
ready to attack. 5 to bake 2 his
6 Having always wanted 3 hers
Exercise 2 7 not wanting 4 theirs
1 What I find most annoying is her 8 having been 5 mine
constant sarcasm. 6 ours
2 I do hope that she passes her driving Page 223
test this time. NOMINALISATION Exercise 2
3 It was on a beach in Thailand that we Exercise 1 1 ones
first met. 2 one
Suggested answers
4 The reason why / Why he left the party 3 one
1 Political leaders need to give a good
was because he had an argument with 4 ones
performance in TV or radio interviews.
his girlfriend. 5 us
2 There is a need for an assessment of the
Page 221 town’s waste disposal system by the local 6 them
government. / The local government
EMPHASIS (2) needs to make an assessment of the
Exercise 1 town’s waste disposal system.
1 Scarcely had she erected the tent, when 3 The police carried out an investigation
the storm started. into the burglary.
2 No sooner had she opened the window 4 The charity organisation’s provision of
than a swarm of bees flew into the temporary shelters for the victims of the
room. tsunami saved countless lives.
3 Little did I know that he had been a 5 This grammar exercise is/gives/provides
famous concert pianist in his younger a good illustration of the difficulties of
years. nominalisation.
4 Only when I told her I was really
desperate did she give me the money.
5 Only if you promise to train every week
do I want you to join the team.

ANSWER KEY 37