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    19 views5 pages

    Rules Present Tenses

    Uploaded by

    Konul Heydarova
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    naa nae eneal hs ‘nd facts hac Repeated vertaictions 1p, sens ot Present tenses The prosont simple and the presen continuous tenses ao the most common ways ‘ot expressing present tine in Engiah. The present imple deseribes tines tha are tnerally tie, wile the present continuous deseribs tings tha are tru athe tne ft speaking, but wnicn may change. This unit locks at te present tne uses oF thes two tenses They can aka express fate tm & Unk) a pst hve & 1.16, 12E) PRESENT SIMPLE The form of the present simple vero only changes after, she oF &, when we adds £0 ‘he base form bes ater 0 5, 5h, chad is wen Oe base form ends I) {reod ~ he ocd; we wich she wotches they cory ~ # cries 1 Cano enjoy hosptl dramas 50 she match ER every week. 1 Carne enjoys haspal dramas so she watches ‘ER’ ever week ‘We frm ie negative and questo mith te auliary do (6.1, T-1A. nthe negative we usally use the contract forms aon an doesnt speech and soca ting Japanese cooking doesnt use a tof dary food. ‘Do terest ates ssaly go up m oer to eco mation? We often use the present simple to state tats and to desrbe things which we fel aye facts or permanent situations: rings which are general ue ‘srs people dik lot of tc, wnte Americans dink mere cate. + Face: Brokon bones n acs don’ heal es fst os they do chien. Permanent situations: colony of Antarctic penguins Ives i Mrwol Zo, We use te presene simple to desribe things that happen ana regular bass As temporetures fll wth 20 approach of wintar, to ol freezes cna cntrocts ‘The Bas toke ir surmer olde in 9 gust part of Tsay. We often use the present simple with avert of frequency (alas, usual, often, sometines, never) aid expressions of requency leery. once 2 ‘Shave pices usvlly change ona daly bass - Bvt efen by ver te (ure ches provide av xcolent choice of hat meals every day. We use the present simple to desrbe a series of evens oF actions (28% ave recions of instructions) often with Impersral you From here you cross the roo. go treugh an rn gate ana toll te potn west ‘his simlart the imperative, but the peraive can sound more Abra (Gross the roa, go trea an rn get and follow te path west ‘We use te present simple wer we want zo express the medlacy ofan event en sports cmmentares, particulsly when th action beng decreas a Uk one 2 Is {herefoe avr before the description fishes France Nek off Zidane pases o Hey. Hemy cats inside Vie Otter uses, 122A Form 1.268 Things which are true now PRESENT CONTINUOUS We form the present continuous with the present of the verb be and the present participle of the main ver: “What are tie children doing?” We usualy contract is or are te 'S or ‘re in speech ard informal writing “Well, Alan's drawing in is room and Sophie's watching TY with me,” Note the folowing speling rules for forming the present participle: + Base form + -ing: draw + drawing, watch -* watching, speak -» speaking + Base form ending in -e + ina: lake ~ taking, receive ~ recelving create ~ creating * Base form + consonant + ing: swim -» swimming, run -* running (or past. future and perfect continuous forms » 2.2, 2.4, 3.3. 4.1C, 4.3B, 4.4C.) @ We often omit the pronoun and auxiiary (s or are) when we repeat the present continuous in the same sentence: lames ard Safy are spending the evening together. watehing a new video, For information on ellipsis » 35.58, B. The present continuous describes an action In progress atthe moment of speaking or around the time of speaking Te action i ihely to continue after the tine of speaking, buts likely to stop at some point, iz. tis temporary: Il be with you In a minute. 'm just Anshing something inthe kitchen We are staying with John to try and find cut if his place really is haunted. Common acverbs wth this form are now, ust, sil ard at zhe moment: Werre studying the wntings of Gunter Crass on the German course now. We use lve, work, study and stay in the continuous Ifthe action is temporary: She stays ir-the Waldart Astoria-cn this vst to New-York doesn't she? ¥ She's staying in the Waldort Astoria an ths visit to New York, isn't she? Compare: Sne always stays in the Waldorf Astoria on visits to New York. (> 1.10) @ An exception to the use of the present continuous to describe actions in progress is Here comes and There go2s, which ae always in the present simple: X Here is coming the postaen There ts going the last bes ¥ Here comes the costman. There goes the iat bus. Note the inversion of the verb and subject in these phrases. We also use the present continuous to describe things which are changing: British summers are getting hotter and winters are getting wetter We do not use the present simple to express this: X British summers get hotter andwisters- gat wetter. Tho present simpie descr’bes a ragular event which we see as unchanging We get a oto! ron during the winter in this port of the world a7 tac Ropeatec events 120 Series of vents 12 Other uses 13a verbs oF beleving raving. ling. etc 138 Using tiese verbs in the continuous It's possible to use the present continuous to talk about repeated events or actons, usually if they happen within 2 tomporary period: ‘'m feeding the neighocur’s cat this week while she's in hospital. Compare ths withthe use ef the procort simple for repeated actions (b+ 1.1C) Grahams a contred smoker. He smokes about ty cigarettes 1 doy Irepasted action over along period ef time, possibly most of Graham lis) Gratam’s having a tough tine ot she oft at the moment ard he’s smoking about fifty cigarettes @ day! (repeates zcton in a temporary period) vie can use the present continuous with an advero such as aMways, forever or continuaty to tak about repeated actions that haopen very often. perhaps too often as far es the speeker is concerned The baby's always making cute Ite gurgling noises. The neighbours are forever slamming doors ard shouting during te night ''m always forgetting people's brtncays. t's so annouirg ‘You may hear the present continuous used in sports commentaries, when the action is In progress throughout the time of speaking: They're now entering the back straight and Fl Carroy starting to pul oweny (sand he crosses the line two seconds aheed of his closest rival.» 11D) We can use the present continuous wit te presert simple to ve more immediacy to 2 past narrative, We use the continuous for actions which form a background, i. they Scaee before the actions within the narrative: There's an olé woman vith thick glasses who's Serving the hot drinks, so | go up to er apd ash... She started serving belore te action ofthe narrative) ‘The present continuous can also express arrangements in the future (» 4.54). VERBS RARELY USED IN THE CONTINUOUS ‘There are a number of verbs in English which we rarely use in a continuous tense. They often descrie siaies of being, thinking, possessing or teeing ¥ Most peopte don’t believe in te existence of UFOS. “The most common ofthese verbs ate: verbs of existing or being be, conti of, contain, avit verbs of possessing belong to, have we, inehue, lech, own, poses verbs of feeling or wanting adore. desir, despise, dest. dive, en, hat, lke, Tove. aod, pity, peter trust, wert. with verbs of thinking or betieving belive, doubt, expect, fal (= thi), forget. imagine, Intend, kaw, felse, recognise, remember, see (= understand, suppose, unk uaderstana vers o appearance appear, resem, seem other verbs concern, depend, deserve, ft, moter, measure, mean, ‘mind, weigh It possible to use many of the verbs in 1 3A in the continuous, but the verb ezher has 2 different meaning or expresses a temporary action, "Ts Meria ready yet?” ‘No. she's having a shower °( taking) Now that there's electricity in the vilage, Sartes fs thinking of geting his house connected. =is crsidering) This table shows some of the common differences in use: vero use in presént simple use in present continuous De Your som is-a very obedient Your son IS being very obedient atthe chil, isn't he? moment, (= is behaving obedient) have They're very rich. They have I'm having a really good time, thanks. three hemes and a yacht. (= am experiencing) think 1 think that the world’s 1m thinking of contributing to Oxfam probiems are getting worse, ‘am considering) mean The sign means ‘slow down’ You're always meaning to cail us, but you never do. (= are intending] ‘appear It appears the police have The Philharmonic are appearing at the not started the investigation. Palladium. (= are performing) weigh She weighs 70 kilos. 1m weighing the ingredients for the cake. {action of weighing) © Some verbs of feeling can be used in bot change in meaning: ‘My wrist hurts/is hurting egoin - | must go to the physiotherapist. | think those mussels may have been off. Do you feel/Are you feeling OK today? the simple and the continuous with no 1.3C We 6o not usually use the continuous form with verbs which describe a sense or 2 form Sense verbs of perception, e.g, hear notice, see, smel, rast: 'm noticing that your wife doesn't come to the wine tastings. Doesn't she drink? ¥ T notice that your wite doesn't come to the wine tastings. Doesn't she drink? With verbs which describe a sense, we usually use the simple form or canicould + the verb when we do not deliberately use the sense, ie. the use is involuntary Cam you smell the fertiliser? We're realy n the countryside now! ‘With smell and taste, we can use the continuous for a delinerate action 1 {ean} taste cream in ths, (there is cream in the dish; involuntary action} ‘Vm tasting the cream, (the

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