NOT

8
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 6
(Relations and Functions)

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 3: (Relations and Functions)
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Love Harzil L. Abugho
Reviewers: Ma. Cristina B. Galgo
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Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II
Printed in the Philippines by
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Office Address: Brgy. 23,National Highway,Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118
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 8
Mathematics
Quarter 2 - Module 6
(Relations and Functions)
This page is intentionally blank
 Table of Contents

What This Learning Package is About .................................................................................................. i

What I Need to Know .................................................................................................................................. ii
How to Learn from this Learning Package.......................................................................................... ii
Icons of this Learning Package .............................................................................................................. iii

What I Know ................................................................................................................................................iii

Lesson 1:
Representations of Relations and Functions ............................................................... 1
What I Need to Know: Dependent and Independent Variables ................... 1
What’s New: You complete me............................................................................... 2
Fill me in………………………………………………………….2
I knew it…………………………………………………………. 3
What’s More: Oh My Domain .................................................................................... 3
What Is It: Domain and Range of a Function .................................................... 3
What’s More: Domain of a Function ...................................................................... 4
What I Have Learned: Let me do it.......................................................................... 5
What I Can Do: My Scrapbook ................................................................................. 6

Summary………………………………………………………………………………………….7
Assessment: (Post-Test)………………………………………………………………………8
Key to Answers ...................................................................................................................................... .9
References………………………………................................................................................................. 10
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About

This module covers the key concepts of Representations of Relations and Functions.
In Lesson 1, you will illustrate the difference of independent and dependent variables, then
give the domain and the range of a function. You are provided with varied activities to process
the knowledge and skills acquired, deepen your understanding and transfer it to new context.

What I Need to Know

After you have gone through the lessons contained in this module, you are expected to:
1. Determine dependent and independent variables (M8AL-IIc-3);
2. Find the domain and range of a function (M8AL-IId-1);
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that

Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

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 What I Know

Direction: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to your
answer

1. Rey rode a motorcycle from a bus terminal to a Mall whose distance is

approximately three kilometres. After riding, he paid an amount of ₱250. Which
variable is dependent?
a. the amount paid
b. the person riding the taxi
c. the distance travelled
d. taxi riding

2. What is the domain of the function y= - √−3𝑥?

a. the domain is all x ≥ 0.
b. the domain is all x ≥ -3.
c. the domain is all x ≤ -3.
d. the domain is all x ≤ 0.

3. Claire is getting ready for a hike. The number of snacks she packs is
determined by how many hours she expects to be gone. Which of the following
is the independent variable?
a. the number of snacks Claire packs
b. the number of hours Claire expect to be gone
c. the number of hours Claire would arrive
d. the number of hours she prepared the snacks

4. What is the range of the function y= -√-3x+5?

a. all y ≤ 0 c. all real numbers
b. all values of y d. y ≥ -3

5. Sherly, a florist, is assembling bouquets of roses. The number of roses in her

shop determines the number of bouquets she can assemble. Which of the
following is the independent variable?
a. the number of bouquets Sherly can assemble
b. the number of customers
c. the number of roses in the flower shop
d. the number of florist in a shop
 Lesson Title of the Lesson
Representations of Relations and
1 Functions

What I Need to Know

Dependent and Independent Variables

In a Cartesian plane, there are x axis and y axis, and the point of origin which is 0.
Variables may be dependent and independent. Dependent variable depends on the
independent variable while the independent variable controls the dependent variable. The x-
values are considered the independent variable because any integer can be assigned to it.
The y-values are considered the dependent variable because its value depend on the value
of x.

Example:

Every summer vacation, Ryan reads a wattpad during his leisure time. He spend the
same amount of time reading every day. The number of hours he spends reading everyday
determines how many days it will take him to finish the book.

h = the number of hours Ryan spends reading everyday

d = the number of days it will take Ryan to finish reading

Which of the variables is independent and which is the dependent variable?

d = the number of days it will take Ryan to finish reading is dependent

h = the number of hours Ryan spends reading every day is independent

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 What’s New

Activity 1. You complete me

Direction: Identify the dependent and independent variable.

Independent variable Dependent variable

Example: Volume Temperature
Temperature and volume of gas
inside the tire
1. Force and acceleration
of the object
2. Mass and acceleration
3. Speed and the distance
travelled by the object
4. Time and distance
travelled

Activity 2. Fill me in
Fill in the blanks. Choose among dependent, independent, depends and controls.

a. I consider time as a/an _____________ variable because it _____________ the

salary.
b. I considered salary as a/an ___________variable because it ________________on
the number of hours worked.
c. I consider the number of hours boiling as a/an ________________variable because
it ______________ the number of ounces of water in pot.
d. I consider the number of ounces of water in pot as a/an ______________ variable
because it _____________________on the number of hours boiling.
e. I consider the distance covered as a/an _______________ variable because it
_________________ on the volume of the gasoline.
f. I consider the volume of the gasoline as a/an ________________ variable because it
________________ the distance covered.
g. I consider the number of hours studied as a/an ____________________ variable
because it_______________ grade on test.
h. I consider grade on test as a/an ___________________ variable because it
_________________ on the number of hours studied.
i. I consider height of the plant as a/an _______________________ variable because
it___________________ on the number of months grown.
j. I consider the number of months grown as a/an _________________variable
because it_________________ the number of months grown.

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Activity 3. I knew it!

List down at least 5 dependent variables and 5 independent variables.

Dependent variables Independent variables

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

What’s More

Activity 4. Oh My Domain!
Find the Domain of each function
_____
1. y = -√−2x+3 4. g(x)= 3x/ x+6
____
2. g(x)= x – 7 5. g(x)= √ x + 1

3. g(x)= √𝑥

What Is It

Domain and Range of a Function

Activity 4 shows the domain of a function. In the previous section, you have learned
how the domain and range of a relation are defined. The domain of the function is the set of
all permissible values of x that give real values for y. Similarly, the range of the function is
the set of permissible values for y or f(x) that give the values of x real numbers.

Illustrative Example
_____
Find the domain and the range of the function y = -√−2x+3 in Activity 4.
Solution:
The domain is all values that x can take on. The only problem of this function is that
you cannot have a negative square root. So set the insides greater than or equal to zero,
and solve.

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 -2x+3 ≥ 0
-2x ≥ -3
2x ≤ 3
x ≤ 3/2
The domain is “all x ≤ 3/2.
The range is “all real numbers”.

What’s More

Illustrative Example

Determine the domain of each function below. Check the solution using calculator.

1. f(x)= 3x
2. f(x)= x2___
3. f(x)= √x - 2
4. f(x)= x+1/ x

Solutions:

1. In f(x)= 3x, there is no value of x that makes the function f undefined. Thus, the domain
of f(x)= 3x is the set of real numbers or { x|x ∈ 𝕽}.
2. In f(x)= x2, there is no value of x that makes the function f undefined. Thus, the domain
of f(x)= x2 is the set of real numbers or { x|x ∈ 𝕽}.

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3. In f(x) =)= √x – 2, the domain of the function is the set of values of x that will not make
√x – 2 an imaginary number. Examples of these values of x are 2, 2.1, 3, 3.74, 4, 5,
and so on. However, x=1 cannot be because it can give the value of the function
√1– 2 = √-1
which is imaginary where the calculator yields an Error or a Math Error. The numbers
between 1 and 2 neither work. Thus, the domain of the function is x is greater than or
equal to 2, or {x|x ≥ 2}. For you to find easily the domain of the function, we say the
radicand ≥ 0. That is, x – 2 ≥ 0 which gives x ≥ 2 if simplified.

4. In f(x)= x+1/ x, the domain of the function is the set of values of x that will not make
x+1/ x undefined. The value x= 0 will make the expression x+1/ x undefined. When the
answer is undefined, the calculator yields an Error or a Math Error. Thus, x=0 is not
part of the domain. The domain, therefore, of the function is the set of real numbers
except 0, or { x|x ∈ 𝕽, x ≠ 0}. To find easily the domain of the function, we say
denominator is not equal to zero, or x ≠ 0.

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 Note that the value of the function will not be a real number if it is an imaginary
number or undefined.

What I Have Learned

Activity 5. Let me do it

Direction: Do as directed.

A. State the domain of the function.

____
1. h(x)= √1 – x

2. x + y= 4

3. x2 + y2 =16

B. Find the range of the following function.

1. 5x + 3

2. √x +9

3. 1/ 7-x

C. Is the domain of f(x)= (x+4)(x-4)/ x-4 equal to the domain of g(x)= x+4? Justify your
answer.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 9. My Scrapbook
Description:
Your output of this activity is one of your projects for the second quarter. It summarizes
the dependent and independent variables and domain and range of a function. This
could be done individually. Before doing this project, you are required to have a
research on making a scrapbook.
Direction:
You make an informative scrapbook providing the information about the dependent
and independent variables and domain and range of a function. Arrange these in a
creative manner. Your output will be assessed using the rubric below.

Criteria Exemplary Satisfactory 3 Developing Beginning

4 2 1
The display has The display The display The display
10 or more has 8 has at least 5 has fewer than
different but different but different but 3 items at
related items related items related items least 4 of or
Content that cover the at least 6 of at least 4 of the items are
topic in detail. these items these items not good
are excellent, are excellent, information on
essential essential the topic.
information information on
on the topic. the topic.
The layout is There is a More thought The scrapbook
appealing and good bit of and planning seems shuffled
well organized, visual appeal should be the items it was
the use of color and given to visual thrown
and text add organization, appeal and together with
Scrapbook interest and but some organization. no thoughtto
design appeal. There elements are There seems planning.
is consistency lacking. to be little There is no
in alignment, Color, layout, consistency is consistency to
colors, and text, visual layout, colors,
motif. alignment, elements. or other visual
motif, page materials.
interest need
improvement.
Organization Thoughts and Thoughts and Thoughts and There seems
designs are designs are designs are to be
highly mostly not very misconception
organized and organized. organized. of the thoughts
can be and the design
understood is confusing.
fully.

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Summary

Relations and functions describe the interaction between linked variables. This
includes dependent and independent variables. The dependent variable depends on the
independent variables they are also the x values. While the independent variable controls
the dependent variable and also considered the y values.

There is another pair of components you must consider when talking about functions
the domain and range. The domain of a function is the set of all permissible values of x that
give real values for y. The range of the function is the set of permissible values for y or f(x)
that give the values of x real numbers. By putting all the inputs and all the outputs into
separate groups, domain and range allows you to find and explore patterns in each types of
variables.

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 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Direction: Read the questions carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to your
answer.
____
1. What is the domain of the function y= √3 - s?

a. the domain is all x ≥ 0.

b. the domain is all x ≥ -3.
c. the domain is all x ≤ 3.
d. the domain is all x ≤ 0.

2. Clark brings plastic bags from home whenever he goes to a store. The number
of products on his plastic bags list influences how many plastic bags he brings
to the store. What is the dependent variable?

a.the number of products on Clark’s plastic bags list

b.the number of bags Clark brings to the store.
c.the number of items in the store
d.the size of the store
_____
3. What is the range of the function y= √3 - s?

a. all y ≥ 0 c. all real numbers

b. all values of y d. y ≥ -3

4. Mr. Lim sets up an experiment to see how the mass of the ball affects the
distance it rolls off a ramp. Which of the following is the independent variable?

a. mass of the ball

b. height of the ramp
c. weight of the ball
d. distance travelled by the ball

5. Leiyn is palnning to test how the height from which she drops a ball affects how
high the ball bounces. Which of the following is the dependent variable?

a. diameter of the ball

b. force acting on the ball
c. height that the ball bounces
d. height from which the ball is dropped

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 Key to Answers

Pre-Test Post test

1. a 1. c
2. d 2. b
3. b 3. a
4. c 4. a
5. c 5. c

Lesson 1.
Activity 1.

Independent variable Dependent variable

1. Temperature and volume Temperature Volume of gas inside
of gas inside the tire the tire
2. Force and acceleration Force of the object Acceleration of the
of the object object
3. Mass and acceleration Mass Acceleration
4. Speed and the distance Speed Distance travelled by
travelled by the object the object
5. Time and distance Time Distance travelled
travelled
Activity 2.
a. independent, controls f. independent, controls
b. dependent, depends g. independent, controls
c. independent, controls h. dependent, depends
d. dependent, depends i. dependent, depends
e. dependent, depends j. independent, controls

Activity 3. Answers may vary (to be checked by the teacher)

Activity 4.
1. All x ≤ 3/2
2. {x|x ∈ 𝕽}
3. {x|x ≥ 0}
4. {x|x ∈ 𝕽, x ≠ -6}
5. {x|x ≥ -1}

Activity 5.
A.
1. {x|x ≤ 1}
2. {x|x ∈ 𝕽}
3. {x|-4 ≤ x ≤ 4}

B.

1. {y|y ∈ 𝕽}
2. {y|y ≥ 0}
3. {y|y ∈ 𝕽, x ≠ 7}

C. The domain of the function f is {x|x ∈ 𝕽, x≠ 4} while that of g is {x|x ∈ 𝕽}. At x=4,
function f is undefined while function g is not.

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References

Digitalcommons@trinity. “Evaluating Functions and their Domain and Range 8th/ 9th
grade Algebra” Accessed May 17, 2020,
https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1434&context=educ_
un

K to 12, Grade 8 Math Learner Module: “Relations and Functions” Accessed May 14,
2020, https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/nicogranada31/k-to-12-grade-8-math-
learners-module-quarter2

Lumenlearning. “Domain & Range” Accessed May 18, 2020,

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-collegealgebra/chapter/find-domains-
and-ranges-of-the-toolkit-functions/

Mayfieldschool. “Independent and Dependent Variables” Accessed May 18, 2020,

http://www.mayfieldschools.org/Downloads/Lesson%2013%20Independent%20an
d%20Dependent%20Variables%20ANSWERS.pdf

ThoughtCo. “What is the Difference between Independent and Dependent

Variables?” Accessed May 15, 2020, https://www.thoughtco.com/independent-
and-dependent-variables-differences-606115

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway,Gingoog City
Telefax: 088 328 0108/ 088328 0118
E-mail Address: gingoog.city@deped.gov.ph

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